EP2150149A1 - Brosse et filament abrasifs - Google Patents

Brosse et filament abrasifs

Info

Publication number
EP2150149A1
EP2150149A1 EP08780575A EP08780575A EP2150149A1 EP 2150149 A1 EP2150149 A1 EP 2150149A1 EP 08780575 A EP08780575 A EP 08780575A EP 08780575 A EP08780575 A EP 08780575A EP 2150149 A1 EP2150149 A1 EP 2150149A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
abrasive
brush
percent
filaments
substrate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08780575A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2150149B1 (fr
Inventor
Yeun-Jong Chou
Dean S. Holmes
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
3M Innovative Properties Co
Original Assignee
3M Innovative Properties Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 3M Innovative Properties Co filed Critical 3M Innovative Properties Co
Publication of EP2150149A1 publication Critical patent/EP2150149A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2150149B1 publication Critical patent/EP2150149B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46BRUSHWARE
    • A46BBRUSHES
    • A46B13/00Brushes with driven brush bodies or carriers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46BRUSHWARE
    • A46BBRUSHES
    • A46B13/00Brushes with driven brush bodies or carriers
    • A46B13/001Cylindrical or annular brush bodies
    • A46B13/003Cylindrical or annular brush bodies made up of a series of annular brush rings; Annular brush rings therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46BRUSHWARE
    • A46DMANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES
    • A46D1/00Bristles; Selection of materials for bristles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24DTOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D13/00Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor
    • B24D13/02Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor acting by their periphery
    • B24D13/10Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor acting by their periphery comprising assemblies of brushes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24DTOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/20Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially organic
    • B24D3/28Resins or natural or synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46BRUSHWARE
    • A46BBRUSHES
    • A46B2200/00Brushes characterized by their functions, uses or applications
    • A46B2200/30Brushes for cleaning or polishing
    • A46B2200/3093Brush with abrasive properties, e.g. wire bristles

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un filament abrasif qui inclut une matrice de polymère thermoplastique et une pluralité de particules abrasives telles que des particules de mélange eutectique d'alumine et de zircone parsemées à travers au moins une partie de la matrice. L'invention concerne également les brosses abrasives incluant ces filaments abrasifs. En outre, l'invention concerne des procédés d'ébavurage d'un substrat comportant au moins une bavure, avec une brosse, la brosse possédant des poils qui incluent des particules de mélange eutectique d'alumine et de zircone et une matrice de polymère thermoplastique, ledit procédé incluant les étapes consistant à : mettre en contact le substrat avec au moins un poil de la brosse dans une zone de contact ; et induire un mouvement relatif entre le substrat et au moins un poil.
EP08780575.0A 2007-05-10 2008-04-29 Brosse et filament abrasifs Not-in-force EP2150149B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US91717207P 2007-05-10 2007-05-10
PCT/US2008/061852 WO2008140929A1 (fr) 2007-05-10 2008-04-29 Brosse et filament abrasifs

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2150149A1 true EP2150149A1 (fr) 2010-02-10
EP2150149B1 EP2150149B1 (fr) 2013-05-22

Family

ID=39580635

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08780575.0A Not-in-force EP2150149B1 (fr) 2007-05-10 2008-04-29 Brosse et filament abrasifs

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20080280541A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2150149B1 (fr)
KR (1) KR20100017289A (fr)
WO (1) WO2008140929A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104044084A (zh) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-17 昆山齐升磨料磨具有限公司 一种新型的抛光及磨刷两用磨具

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SG134181A1 (en) * 2006-01-13 2007-08-29 3M Innovative Properties Co Integrally molded brush and the method of manufacture and its uses thereof
US8546172B2 (en) 2008-01-18 2013-10-01 Miasole Laser polishing of a back contact of a solar cell
US8586398B2 (en) * 2008-01-18 2013-11-19 Miasole Sodium-incorporation in solar cell substrates and contacts
US8536054B2 (en) * 2008-01-18 2013-09-17 Miasole Laser polishing of a solar cell substrate
CN101675839B (zh) * 2008-09-18 2011-12-28 杜邦兴达(无锡)单丝有限公司 工业用耐酸刷丝及其刷子
US20100282276A1 (en) * 2009-04-13 2010-11-11 Miasole Removing defects from photovoltaic cell metallic substrates with fixed-abrasive filament roller brushes
BR112013005471A2 (pt) 2010-09-15 2019-09-24 Saint Gobain Abrasifs Sa escova abrasiva e método
GB201018141D0 (en) * 2010-10-27 2010-12-08 Pilkington Group Ltd Polishing coated substrates
KR101808371B1 (ko) * 2011-04-07 2017-12-14 켄지 나카무라 화장용 필라멘트, 그 필라멘트를 사용한 화장용 브러시 모재, 그 모재를 사용한 화장용 브러시
CN103132172B (zh) * 2011-11-29 2015-07-22 杜邦兴达(无锡)单丝有限公司 具有改善的刚度的磨料丝、包含其的工业用刷及该工业用刷的用途
WO2014128528A1 (fr) * 2013-02-21 2014-08-28 Okulov Pavel D Machine à ébavurer modulaire et portable
US9272382B2 (en) * 2013-10-08 2016-03-01 The Boeing Company Automated sanding system
JP6829465B2 (ja) * 2017-03-06 2021-02-10 株式会社イハラ合成 ガラス繊維強化熱可塑性プラスチック製の表面加工用線材

Family Cites Families (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3947169A (en) * 1966-07-29 1976-03-30 Allied Chemical Corporation Apparatus for making rods or tubes having a filter
US3522342A (en) * 1967-07-03 1970-07-28 Nypel Inc Apparatus and method for making bristles having a filler
US5233719A (en) * 1988-04-27 1993-08-10 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Co. Apparatus and brush segment arrangement for finishing wheel brushes
US5016311A (en) * 1988-04-27 1991-05-21 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Apparatus and brush segment arrangement for finishing wheel brushes; and method
US5083840A (en) * 1988-04-27 1992-01-28 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method of preparing an industrial cylinder brush arrangement for operation
TW307801B (fr) * 1992-03-19 1997-06-11 Minnesota Mining & Mfg
TW222668B (fr) * 1992-03-19 1994-04-21 Minnesota Mining & Mfg
US5400458A (en) * 1993-03-31 1995-03-28 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Brush segment for industrial brushes
US5679067A (en) * 1995-04-28 1997-10-21 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Molded abrasive brush
US5903951A (en) * 1995-11-16 1999-05-18 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Molded brush segment
US6352471B1 (en) * 1995-11-16 2002-03-05 3M Innovative Properties Company Abrasive brush with filaments having plastic abrasive particles therein
US6179887B1 (en) * 1999-02-17 2001-01-30 3M Innovative Properties Company Method for making an abrasive article and abrasive articles thereof
BR0211580A (pt) 2001-08-02 2004-07-13 3M Innovative Properties Co Métodos para a fabricação de material amorfo, de cerâmica compreendendo vidro, de um artigo compreendendo vidro, de vidro-cerâmica, de um artigo de vidro-cerâmica e de partìculas abrasivas
US20050137078A1 (en) * 2003-12-18 2005-06-23 3M Innovative Properties Company Alumina-yttria particles and methods of making the same
FR2872157B1 (fr) * 2004-06-24 2006-10-13 Saint Gobain Ct Recherches Melange de grains d'alumine-zircone fondus
DE102005033392B4 (de) * 2005-07-16 2008-08-14 Center For Abrasives And Refractories Research & Development C.A.R.R.D. Gmbh Nanokristalline Sinterkörper auf Basis von Alpha-Aluminiumoxyd, Verfahren zu Herstellung sowie ihre Verwendung

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2008140929A1 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104044084A (zh) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-17 昆山齐升磨料磨具有限公司 一种新型的抛光及磨刷两用磨具

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2150149B1 (fr) 2013-05-22
US20080280541A1 (en) 2008-11-13
WO2008140929A1 (fr) 2008-11-20
KR20100017289A (ko) 2010-02-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2150149B1 (fr) Brosse et filament abrasifs
US6352471B1 (en) Abrasive brush with filaments having plastic abrasive particles therein
EP0822768B1 (fr) Brosse et filaments abrasifs
KR100612164B1 (ko) 연마 제품의 제조 방법 및 연마 제품
US5903951A (en) Molded brush segment
US5915436A (en) Molded brush
KR100372592B1 (ko) 코팅된연마용물품,이의제조방법및사용방법
KR101300849B1 (ko) 구조화된 연마 용품 제조 방법
RU2129065C1 (ru) Основа абразивного изделия с покрытием (варианты), изделие и способ его изготовления
EP0984847B1 (fr) Article abrasif comportant de la mullite
US5983434A (en) Rotary bristle tool with preferentially oriented bristles
CN101337339A (zh) 用于喷砂处理的研磨剂和使用该研磨剂的喷砂处理方法
CN101048259A (zh) 一种磨料及其制备方法
JPH0783725B2 (ja) シート状ブラシ材料及びブラシ構造物
WO2018005111A1 (fr) Article abrasif non tissé comprenant des particules abrasives
JPH0655460A (ja) 研磨研削ブラシ及びその製造方法
CA2218245C (fr) Brosse et filaments abrasifs
CA2547300A1 (fr) Brosse et filaments abrasifs
WO2023100104A1 (fr) Articles et systèmes abrasifs
EP1386696A1 (fr) Produit abrasive et son procédé de fabrication

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20091118

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL BA MK RS

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20100629

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 612711

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20130615

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 602008024820

Country of ref document: DE

Effective date: 20130718

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MK05

Ref document number: 612711

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20130522

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130823

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130923

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130822

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130522

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130522

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130922

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130522

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130522

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130902

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130522

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: VDEP

Effective date: 20130522

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130522

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130822

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130522

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130522

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130522

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130522

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130522

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130522

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130522

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130522

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130522

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130522

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20140225

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 602008024820

Country of ref document: DE

Effective date: 20140225

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20140429

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130522

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20140429

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

Effective date: 20141231

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: MM4A

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20140430

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20140429

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20140430

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20140430

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20140429

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130522

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130522

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20130522

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO

Effective date: 20080429

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20210330

Year of fee payment: 14

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 602008024820

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20221103