EP2147478A1 - Microstrip technology hyperfrequency signal coupler - Google Patents
Microstrip technology hyperfrequency signal couplerInfo
- Publication number
- EP2147478A1 EP2147478A1 EP08749916A EP08749916A EP2147478A1 EP 2147478 A1 EP2147478 A1 EP 2147478A1 EP 08749916 A EP08749916 A EP 08749916A EP 08749916 A EP08749916 A EP 08749916A EP 2147478 A1 EP2147478 A1 EP 2147478A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coupler
- main line
- protrusion
- line
- coupling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title description 12
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
- H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
- H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
- H01P5/184—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being strip lines or microstrips
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a microwave signal coupler in microstrip technology. It applies in particular to the measurement of the power of a signal passing through a transmission line.
- couplers are for example integrated in amplifiers for measuring the power of a signal delivered to an antenna.
- a proximity coupler hereinafter referred to simply as a "coupler”
- a proximity coupler comprises a main transmission line for conveying a microwave signal, and a secondary line whose section is placed close to the main line. By electromagnetic radiation, the secondary line is thus coupled to the main line.
- Signal couplers in microstrip technology are widely used because they are inexpensive to produce and easy to integrate. However, this technology limits their performance.
- a satisfactory coupling directivity ie a good separation of the incoming and outgoing power measurements in the coupler, is difficult to obtain. This difficulty is mainly due to the asymmetries of the odd and even transmission modes appearing with the use of this technology.
- insertion losses as well as signal reflections - which result in a non-zero stationary wave ratio - are parameters to be taken into account when designing a coupler.
- couplers in coaxial technology or triplate technology provide high performance through the shielding surrounding the propagation lines.
- these technologies increase the size and especially the cost of manufacturing a coupler.
- the subject of the invention is a single-section coupler with microstrip lines comprising a dielectric substrate, a main line and a secondary line comprising a coupling section, the lines being deposited on the substrate, characterized in that the line main is substantially rectilinear and uniform throughout its length, and in that the coupling section comprises an excrescence at each of its ends, the excrescences being connected to each other by a portion of conductive line whose section, shape and arrangement are adapted to minimize the coupling between said portion and the main line, the coupling being performed mainly between each of the excrescences and the main line.
- the coupler according to the invention is asymmetrical.
- a resistive balancing element may be connected between one end of the coupling section and the electrical earth. This resistive element makes it possible to optimize the directivity characteristic of the coupler and, as such, may comprise capacitive or resistive characteristics making it possible to improve the performances. This resistive element does not replace the terminal loads traditionally connected to each of the access ports of the coupler.
- the coupler according to the invention comprises at least a first resistive balancing element connected to the first protrusion, at least a second resistive element being connected to the second protrusion, the first and second resistive elements having different impedance values.
- the distance D1 between the first protrusion and the main line on the one hand, and the distance D2 between the second protrusion and the main line on the other hand are unequal.
- the dimensions of the first protrusion on the one hand, and the dimensions of the second protrusion on the other hand are different.
- the invention also relates to a power amplifier comprising a coupler according to one of the preceding claims.
- FIG. 1 a view from above of a first embodiment of the coupler according to the invention
- FIG. 2 a top view of a second embodiment of the coupler according to the invention
- FIG. 3 an alternative embodiment of the coupler according to the invention
- FIG. 1 shows a view from above of a first embodiment of the coupler according to the invention.
- a coupler 1 comprises a metal plate 2, placed on the underside of the coupler and taking the role of electrical ground. On the metal plate 2 is applied a layer of dielectric substrate 3, above which microstrips of conductive material are deposited.
- a first conductive microstrip forms a main transmission line 10 carrying a signal S which it is desired to take a fraction of the power.
- the main line 10 has, at each of its ends, an access port 11, 12.
- the first access port 11 receives the signal S, of power P, entering the coupler 1 while the second access port 12 is connected to a load, not shown in the figure, for example an antenna. According to the impedance of the load, a power P ref more or less important signal S is reflected in the main line 10.
- the coupler 1 also comprises a secondary line 20 having at each of its ends a third and a fourth access port 21, 22.
- the secondary line 20 comprises a relatively thin central conductive line portion 23, conductive protrusions 24, 25, and conductive conductive microstrips 26, 27 to the access ports 21,
- the coupling section is formed in such a way that the third access port 21 receives a fraction P 'of the power P of the signal S and that the fourth port of access 22 receives a fraction P ref 'of the power P ref reflected in the main line 10.
- the main line 10 is substantially rectilinear and its width, chosen according to the desired characteristic impedance, remains almost constant over its entire length. This simplicity of design makes it possible to maintain a characteristic line impedance close to the terminal impedances at the access ports 11, 12, thus reducing the standing wave ratio present in the line 10.
- a metallized layer in contact with the metal plate 2, is applied on the top of the coupler 1 and around the lines 10, 20 to complete the electromagnetic shielding of the coupler.
- the first conductive protrusion 24 is placed at a first end 23a of the central portion 23 and the second protrusion 25 is placed at its opposite end 23b.
- the protuberances 24, 25 are, in the example, of quasi-rectangular shape but can take different shapes and dimensions.
- the centroids of the excrescences 24, 25 are separated by a distance L of the order of a quarter of the median value of the wavelengths corresponding to the operating range of the coupler 1.
- the distance D1 separating the first protrusion 24 from the line main 10 may be different from the distance D2 separating the second protrusion 25 from the main line 10, but the two protuberances 24, 25 must be sufficiently close to the main line 10 for an electromagnetic coupling to exist with the secondary line 20.
- the shapes (length and / or width) of each growth can to be different. Indeed, most of the coupling between the two lines 10, 20 is performed via the conductive outgrowths 24, 25.
- the distances D1 and D2 separating the excrescences 24, 25 of the main line 10 as well as the dimensions of the protuberances 24, 25 are chosen in particular according to the dielectric characteristics (in particular of the permittivity) of the substrate 3, of the thickness of the substrate layer and of the desired coupling level, that is to say of the power ratio P / P '.
- the width, the shape and the placement of the central portion 23 connecting the two protuberances 24, 25 are chosen so that said central portion 23 does not participate or almost no coupling. between the main line 10 and the secondary line 20.
- the width of the central portion 23 is chosen thin (in the example, said portion 23 is much thinner than the main line 10 ) in order to minimize the interaction between said central portion 23 and the main line 10.
- the central portion 23 is moreover neither necessarily parallel to the main line 10, nor even straight, thus making its length adjustable.
- this central portion 23 forms a U between the two protuberances 24, 25, in order to guarantee that said portion 23 is moved away from the main line 10 making it possible to minimize the interaction with said main line 10.
- the bottom 29 of the U thus formed is at a distance chosen so that, during the transmission of a signal, in the main line 10, there is virtually no coupling between the central portion 23 and the main line 10.
- the section of the central portion 23 can also be increased.
- connection microstrips 26, 27 make it possible to transmit the picked powers P 'and P ref ' to the access ports 21, 22 of the coupler 1.
- the first connection microstrip 26 connects the third access port 21 to the end of the central portion 23 closest to the first access port 1 1
- the second connecting microstrip 27 connects the fourth access port 22 to the end of the central portion 23 closest to the second access port 12
- These connection microstrips 26, 27 are, in the example, connected at the ends 23a, 23b of the central portion 23. They may, in addition, form any angle with the central portion 23, thus providing increased opportunities for integration into complex circuits.
- a resistive balancing element 30 may be connected to one of the protrusions 24, 25.
- the resistive element 30 is connected to the nearest protrusion 24 the first access port 1 1.
- This asymmetry of the coupler 1 makes it possible to compensate for the asymmetries of the odd and even transmission modes appearing with the use of microstrip technology.
- the optimization of the value of this lateral resistive element 30 makes it possible to improve the performance of the coupler in directivity.
- the resistive element 30 is placed at a distance D3 from the main line 10 so as not to disturb the propagation of the signal S and is connected to the electrical mass, formed in the example by the metal mass 2.
- This resistive element 30 can, for example, consist of several sub-elements placed in series and / or in parallel (not shown for reasons of simplification) and having certain inductive or capacitive properties, the operation of which improves the directivity of the coupler 1.
- connection of this resistive element 30 to an outgrowth 24, 25 makes it possible to avoid that its precise positioning does not affect the performance of the coupler 1, thus facilitating the reproducibility of the performances during a manufacture of couplers in series.
- the asymmetry of the coupler can, for example, be obtained by integrating into the coupler two resistive elements of different characteristics, a first resistive element being connected to the first protrusion 24, a second resistive element being connected to the second protrusion 25.
- the resistive element 30 having an effect on the impedance of the secondary line 20, the microstrips 26 and 27 may, in order to improve the adaptation of the third and fourth ports 21 and 22 of the coupler, to include impedance transformation elements.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of use of a coupler according to the invention in a power amplifier.
- An amplifier 40 receives a signal S and delivers an amplified signal S AMP -II comprises an amplification cell 41, a coupler 1 according to the invention, a measurement module 42 and a resistive load 43.
- the measurement module 42 is connected at the third access port 21 of the coupler 1, and the resistive load 43 is connected to its fourth access port 22.
- the amplification cell 41 receives the signal S and supplies the first access port 1 1 of the coupler 1 a first signal S
- the coupler 1 takes a fraction of the power of the signal S INT , fraction of power that it transmits to the measurement module 42 via its third access port 21.
- the coupler 1 also produces a signal S AMP coming from its second port 12 , then directed towards the output of the amplifier 40.
- the association of the coupler 1 with the measurement module 42 thus makes it possible to know the power of the signal S AMP delivered at the output of the amplifier 40.
- An advantage of the coupler according to FIG. invention is its simplicity of implementation, allowing, at a lower cost, easy integration into equipment while enjoying good performance with excellent reproducibility.
Landscapes
- Microwave Amplifiers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0703381A FR2916086B1 (en) | 2007-05-11 | 2007-05-11 | HYPERFREQUENCY SIGNAL COUPLER IN MICRORUBAN TECHNOLOGY. |
PCT/EP2008/055327 WO2008141902A1 (en) | 2007-05-11 | 2008-04-30 | Microstrip technology hyperfrequency signal coupler |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2147478A1 true EP2147478A1 (en) | 2010-01-27 |
EP2147478B1 EP2147478B1 (en) | 2017-07-19 |
Family
ID=38654751
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08749916.6A Active EP2147478B1 (en) | 2007-05-11 | 2008-04-30 | Microstrip technology hyperfrequency signal coupler |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8314664B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2147478B1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2916086B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008141902A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2178155B1 (en) * | 2008-10-16 | 2018-10-03 | Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG | Directional coupler with compensation of direction accuracy with target error adjustment |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102282721A (en) * | 2009-01-19 | 2011-12-14 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | Directional coupler and wireless communication apparatus comprising thereof |
US10522896B2 (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2019-12-31 | Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc | Embedded directional couplers and related methods |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2581256B1 (en) * | 1985-04-26 | 1988-04-08 | France Etat | BROADBAND DIRECTIVE COUPLER FOR MICRO-TAPE LINE |
JPS6345901A (en) * | 1986-08-12 | 1988-02-26 | Fujitsu Ltd | Directiional coupler |
US5111165A (en) * | 1989-07-11 | 1992-05-05 | Wiltron Company | Microwave coupler and method of operating same utilizing forward coupling |
US4999593A (en) * | 1989-06-02 | 1991-03-12 | Motorola, Inc. | Capacitively compensated microstrip directional coupler |
JPH08162812A (en) * | 1994-12-07 | 1996-06-21 | Fujitsu Ltd | High frequency coupler |
DE69730389T2 (en) * | 1996-03-22 | 2005-01-13 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., Kadoma | LOW PASS FILTER WITH DIRECTED COUPLER AND PORTABLE TELEPHONE THEREOF |
EP1291959A4 (en) * | 2000-06-09 | 2003-05-28 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Directional coupler |
WO2002003494A1 (en) | 2000-07-04 | 2002-01-10 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Directional coupler and directional coupling method |
US6549089B2 (en) * | 2001-07-13 | 2003-04-15 | Filtronic Pty Ltd. | Microstrip directional coupler loaded by a pair of inductive stubs |
US7132906B2 (en) * | 2003-06-25 | 2006-11-07 | Werlatone, Inc. | Coupler having an uncoupled section |
US7321276B2 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2008-01-22 | Harris Stratex Networks, Inc. | Independently adjustable combined harmonic rejection filter and power sampler |
-
2007
- 2007-05-11 FR FR0703381A patent/FR2916086B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-04-30 US US12/599,598 patent/US8314664B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-04-30 WO PCT/EP2008/055327 patent/WO2008141902A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-04-30 EP EP08749916.6A patent/EP2147478B1/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
None * |
See also references of WO2008141902A1 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2178155B1 (en) * | 2008-10-16 | 2018-10-03 | Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG | Directional coupler with compensation of direction accuracy with target error adjustment |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20100194490A1 (en) | 2010-08-05 |
EP2147478B1 (en) | 2017-07-19 |
FR2916086A1 (en) | 2008-11-14 |
US8314664B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 |
FR2916086B1 (en) | 2010-09-03 |
WO2008141902A1 (en) | 2008-11-27 |
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