EP2145361B1 - Antennensystem für einen mobilträger - Google Patents

Antennensystem für einen mobilträger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2145361B1
EP2145361B1 EP08735605.1A EP08735605A EP2145361B1 EP 2145361 B1 EP2145361 B1 EP 2145361B1 EP 08735605 A EP08735605 A EP 08735605A EP 2145361 B1 EP2145361 B1 EP 2145361B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
support
antenna system
antennas
carrier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP08735605.1A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2145361A1 (de
Inventor
Louis Defrance
Cyrille Le Meins
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thales SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thales SA filed Critical Thales SA
Publication of EP2145361A1 publication Critical patent/EP2145361A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2145361B1 publication Critical patent/EP2145361B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an antenna system for a mobile carrier. It applies in particular to any system for transmitting and receiving radio signals using airborne antennas and in particular those intended for the spectral analysis and the location of signal transmitters.
  • the applications may be narrow-band or broad-band spectral.
  • Telecommunication applications operating over a wide frequency band generally require the use of several antennas or antenna arrays.
  • certain particular applications in particular the analysis of a frequency spectrum in a geographical area, require the antennas or the antenna networks to be boarded on a mobile carrier, for example on an aircraft-type carrier.
  • a first drawback of this solution is the exposure of the antennas to electromagnetic radiation or parasitic echoes. Indeed, when waves from a transmitter arrive at the level of the carrier, part of their energy is reflected or diffracted either by the fuselage or by elements located near the antennas, creating parasitic electromagnetic waves that mingle with the direct waves emitted by the transmitter. Under these conditions, the signals picked up by the antennas are difficult to exploit, particularly in the case of antennal reception systems dedicated to the location of radio transmissions, for which a phase of calibration of the antennas with the carrier becomes necessary. Similarly, for antennal transmission systems performing pointing or beam scanning, the performance of such systems is also conditioned by a calibration phase with the carrier.
  • a second disadvantage of this solution relates to the installation of an antenna array directly on the carrier.
  • This requires as many fixing points and cable passages on the fuselage as antennas, which is not always acceptable, nor compatible with the shape of the carrier and can make the installation of antennas difficult to implement.
  • it is fixed (in particular the type of antenna and the geometry of the network) and can only evolve by adding additional points of attachment and cable passages in the fuselage of the aircraft. carrier.
  • This solution is neither scalable nor modular.
  • a third disadvantage of this solution appears when a unipolar antenna array must be installed on a carrier that does not have a conductive surface of sufficient size. Indeed, in such a configuration, the antenna array may be unusable because of too many signals or clutter.
  • the antennas are unipolar. They may be monopoles, monocons, saber-type or any other unipolar type. Saber type antennas are particularly well suited to the proposed invention because they are specifically designed for airborne applications.
  • the support must be sized to ensure optimal radio operation of the antenna (s) used.
  • the shape and dimensions of the support are chosen mainly according to the type (s) of antennas used, the geometry of the antenna array (s), the frequency band (s) processed, expected performance, and installation constraints.
  • the geometry of the networks takes different forms.
  • the antennas may be arranged on one or more circles, the circles being for example nested one inside the other, arranged in a concentric manner, or such that their centers are separated in pairs from a distance greater than the sum of the radii of the two circles.
  • any other geometry such as a linear antenna array, gap or arrow is applicable.
  • the attachment means to a mobile carrier are composed of a mast and a fixing head.
  • the mast is connected to the attachment head which is adapted to dock on a carrier.
  • the antenna system according to the invention is mounted on the fixing head via the support.
  • the invention also relates to an air carrier carrying an antenna system according to the invention.
  • the air carrier may be, for example, a helicopter, an aircraft, or a captive balloon.
  • One of the advantages of signal transmissions / receptions from airborne systems is the gain in power or range achieved over ground-based transmitting / receiving systems, with the mitigation effects of terrain being avoided.
  • the shape of the support can be contoured and the antenna system can be wrapped by a radome, thus protecting the antennas and improving the aerodynamic qualities of the antenna system.
  • the Figures 1 and 2 show an embodiment of the antennal system according to the invention comprising a support provided with two disjoint antenna arrays.
  • the figure 1 is a bottom view of the support with a representation of the antenna attachment means, and the figure 2 is a vertical sectional view in which antennas are fixed on the support.
  • the antenna system 1 comprises a support 2 on which fixing elements 3 of antennas 4 are made on its side S2.
  • the fixing elements 3 are, in the example, placed in two disjoint networks N1 and N2.
  • the support 2 also has orifices 5, preferably arranged at the output connectors of the antennas 4.
  • antennas 4 are of the "saber" type.
  • Electrical and / or microwave cables 6 are connected to the antennas 4.
  • the antenna system 1 comprises a fastening system 7, composed in the example of a mast 8 and a fixing head 9 adapted to a carrier.
  • the support 2 is electrically conductive at least on its side S2.
  • the choice of the material or materials of the support 2 depends in particular on environmental constraints and weight. It can be made of light alloy, such as aluminum for example, or with a metallized composite material.
  • the conductive material forming the sidewall S2 of the support 2 constitutes in particular an electrical mass for the antennas 4 and ensures the electrical continuity between the antennas 4.
  • the use of the support 2 makes it possible to eliminate all or part of the parasitic rays associated with the phenomena reflection or diffraction on the wearer.
  • the support 2 is rigid, usually of flattened shape and preferably profiled in order to reduce the drag induced during the movement of the carrier.
  • the size of the support 2 is mainly chosen according to the frequency band of application and expected performance, low working frequencies requiring wide antenna arrays.
  • the support 2 may be hollow or solid.
  • the structure of the support 2 is a metal frame wrapped by plates of conductive material.
  • the support 2 may nevertheless include one or more conduits adapted to the passage of the cables 6 inside.
  • the cables 6 pass outside of the support 2, thereby reducing the constraints for producing the inner structure of the support 2.
  • the support 2 is reduced to one a simple plate of material on which are fixed the antennas 4.
  • the cables 6 are channeled outside the plate.
  • the fastening elements 3 may consist of simple tapped holes or any other means for fixing an antenna on the support 2.
  • the fastening elements 3 are adapted to the rapid removal of the antennas 4.
  • the orifices 5 allow the passage of cables 6 through the support 2. If for a given fixing element 3, no antenna is fixed, it is possible to place a cover 10 closing the orifice 5, thus preserving the electromagnetic properties of the support 2.
  • the fastening system 7 has the function of securing the support 2 on a mobile carrier. Multiple forms of carrier attachment means are conceivable. In some cases, especially when the support 2 is particularly large, and to gain stability, several attachment points to the mobile carrier are provided.
  • the cables 6 are most often connected to a system outside the support 2, which is why, in one embodiment illustrated in FIG. figures 2 and 3 the cables 6 pass through the fastening mast 8 to exit at the fastening head 9.
  • the number and arrangement of the antennas 4 on the support 1 are chosen in particular according to the intended application and expected performance. For example, for antennal broadband reception systems dedicated to radio frequency localization applications, it is possible to distribute five antennas regularly on a circle, which provides a spatial coverage of 360 °. This geometry can also be used for antennal emission systems performing pointing or beam scanning. To cover a wider frequency spectrum, it is also possible to place several antenna arrays 4 in circles, the antenna circles 4 being, for example, separated from one another, or else nested or even concentric. Without departing from the scope of the invention, any other geometry such as a linear antenna array, gap or arrow is applicable.
  • FIGs 3a and 3b present two examples of configuration of the antenna system according to the invention.
  • a first antenna array N11 is placed on the support 2, separated from a second network N12.
  • a distance 32 separates one end of the first antenna array N11 from one end of the second antenna array N12. The greater the distance 32, the more the masking and coupling phenomena between these two networks are minimized. On the other hand, this distance 32 is limited by the integration constraints on the carrier. In the case of a carrier with small dimensions, a nested configuration, an example of which is presented in figure 3b , can be chosen at the expense of a degradation of masking and coupling phenomena between the two antenna arrays.
  • the antennas of the first network N11 are regularly distributed over a circle of diameter 31 corresponding to a planned use on a first frequency band B1.
  • the second network N12 is configured in a circle with a diameter 33 greater than the diameter 31.
  • the network N12 is therefore adapted to operate on a frequency band B2 less than B1.
  • the combination of the two antenna arrays N11 and N12 thus makes it possible to cover a wider frequency band than with a single network.
  • Another similar configuration is illustrated in figure 3b , with the N21 and N22 networks arranged in two concentric circles. This configuration applies in particular to small carriers.
  • the figure 4 presents a possible application of the antenna system according to the invention.
  • it is an application for observing and locating radio signals using a wideband airborne antennal system.
  • a helicopter 40 carries a signal processing device 41 and an antenna system 1 according to the invention comprising saber type antennas 4.
  • the antenna system 1 is fixed so that the sidewall S2 ( figure 2 ) of the support 2 on which the antennas 4 are arranged is protected, at least in part, parasitic electromagnetic radiation scattered or diffracted by the carrier.
  • the support 2 is fixed under the fuselage, the side S2 carrying the antennas 4 is masked, at least in part, the movable carrier 40 by the opposite side S1.
  • the cables 6 are connected on the one hand to the antennas 4, and on the other hand to the processing device 41. Signals 42 originating from a transmitter on the ground 43 are picked up by the antennas 4. The signals 42 are transmitted to the device Treatment 41 via the cables 6. Thanks to the presence of the support 2, the waves reflected or diffracted 44 by the helicopter 40 are largely eliminated, thus reducing the disturbances at the reception of the signals 42.
  • the antenna system 1 can also be used to emit signals. In this case, the signals to be transmitted come from the processing device 41 and are routed via the cables 6 to the antennas 4.
  • An advantage of the invention is to avoid heavy installation of each of the antennas on the mobile carrier since only the support must be fixed, a single operation is necessary to fix an antennal system on a mobile carrier.
  • the support provides a great flexibility of use to the mobile carrier, all the antennas being placed or removed at the same time when the support is fixed or removed from the carrier.
  • Another advantage of the antenna support according to the invention is to decorrelate, in part, the type of mobile carrier from the need of the user of antennas. Indeed, once an appropriate disposition of the antennas has been decided and implemented implemented on a support for a particular application, this support can potentially be set successively on several different carriers, provided however that said carriers are equipped with suitable fastening means.
  • unipolar antennas makes it possible to reduce the height and therefore the size of an antennal system, thus facilitating its integration on any type of carrier. This is very important, for example, in respect of the road haulage of land mobile carriers and the respect of the ground clearance of air mobile carriers.
  • the fact of using unipolar antennas requires the presence of a conductive support.
  • the realization of an antenna system according to the invention allows the use of unipolar antennas on any type of carrier having or not having a conductive surface through the use of a conductive support.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Antennensystem (1), das wenigstens die folgenden Elemente umfasst:
    ∘ Mittel (7) zum Befestigen an einem mobilen Träger (40) und einem Halter (2), an dem eine oder mehrere Antennen (4) befestigt sind,
    ∘ Kabel (6) zum Anschließen der Antenne(n) (4) an einer Verarbeitungsvorrichtung (41),
    und dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    ∘ der Halter wenigstens zwei Seiten hat, eine erste Seite (S1) und eine zweite Seite (S2),
    ∘ die Antenne(n) (4) an der zweiten Seite (S2) befestigt ist/sind, die aus einem elektrischen leitenden Material gebildet ist,
    ∘ die zweite Seite (S2) gegenüber dem Träger (40) wenigstens teilweise durch die erste Seite (S1) verdeckt wird,
    ∘ die Antennen (4) hervorragen.
  2. Antennensystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Form des Halters (2) profiliert ist.
  3. Antennensystem nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Antenne(n) (4) vom unipolaren Typ ist/sind.
  4. Antennensystem nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Antenne(n) (4) vom Säbeltyp ist/sind.
  5. Antennensystem nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Halter (2) eine oder mehrere Antennengruppen (4) umfasst.
  6. Antennensystem nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Geometrie einer Antennengruppe (4) eine aus den folgenden Geometrien ausgewählte Geometrie ist:
    ∘ eine kreisförmige Geometrie,
    ∘ eine lineare Geometrie,
    ∘ eine lakunäre Geometrie,
    ∘ eine pfeilförmige Geometrie.
  7. Antennensystem nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Halter (2) wenigstens zwei Gruppen mit kreisförmiger Geometrie umfasst, die ineinander verschachtelt sind.
  8. Antennensystem nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Halter (2) wenigstens zwei Gruppen mit kreisförmiger Geometrie in Kreisen umfasst, wobei die Mittelpunkte der Kreise voneinander um einen Abstand getrennt sind, der größer ist als die Summe der Radien der beiden Kreise.
  9. Antennensystem nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es von einer Radarhaube umhüllt ist.
  10. Antennensystem nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Befestigungsmittel (7) aus einem Mast (8) und einem Befestigungskopf (9) zusammengesetzt sind.
  11. System nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Antenne(n) Sende- und/oder Empfangsantennen ist/sind.
  12. Verwendung des Systems nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche zum Bewirken einer Spektralanalyse und/oder der Ortung von radioelektrischen Emissionen.
  13. Helikopter, der ein Antennensystem nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche trägt.
EP08735605.1A 2007-04-03 2008-03-31 Antennensystem für einen mobilträger Active EP2145361B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0702439A FR2914787B1 (fr) 2007-04-03 2007-04-03 Systeme antennaire pour porteur mobile
PCT/EP2008/053808 WO2008125469A1 (fr) 2007-04-03 2008-03-31 Systeme antennaire pour porteur mobile

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2145361A1 EP2145361A1 (de) 2010-01-20
EP2145361B1 true EP2145361B1 (de) 2015-11-04

Family

ID=38669442

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08735605.1A Active EP2145361B1 (de) 2007-04-03 2008-03-31 Antennensystem für einen mobilträger

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2145361B1 (de)
FR (1) FR2914787B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2008125469A1 (de)
ZA (1) ZA200907707B (de)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1536141A (en) * 1976-03-25 1978-12-20 Secr Defence Radio aerials for aircraft
SE8304731L (sv) * 1982-09-03 1984-03-04 Marconi Avionics Flygburet forvarningssystem
FR2838243B1 (fr) * 2002-04-09 2006-06-02 Thales Sa Systeme antennaire modulaire
US6977618B1 (en) * 2003-12-05 2005-12-20 L3 Communications Corporation Aircraft folding antenna assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2914787A1 (fr) 2008-10-10
ZA200907707B (en) 2011-03-30
FR2914787B1 (fr) 2009-05-15
WO2008125469A1 (fr) 2008-10-23
EP2145361A1 (de) 2010-01-20

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