EP2144699A2 - Method for the synthesis of heterogeneous palladium catalysts, catalysts obtained and use of same - Google Patents
Method for the synthesis of heterogeneous palladium catalysts, catalysts obtained and use of sameInfo
- Publication number
- EP2144699A2 EP2144699A2 EP08788161A EP08788161A EP2144699A2 EP 2144699 A2 EP2144699 A2 EP 2144699A2 EP 08788161 A EP08788161 A EP 08788161A EP 08788161 A EP08788161 A EP 08788161A EP 2144699 A2 EP2144699 A2 EP 2144699A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- group
- palladium
- catalyst
- optionally substituted
- aryl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 176
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000005346 substituted cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000006069 Suzuki reaction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000001500 aryl chlorides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- BUZYGTVTZYSBCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanone Chemical group CC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 BUZYGTVTZYSBCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001543 aryl boronic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920005990 polystyrene resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 heteroaryl halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000040 m-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003261 o-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001502 aryl halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OKDGRDCXVWSXDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloropyridine Chemical group ClC1=CC=CC=N1 OKDGRDCXVWSXDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000590 4-methylphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000361 Poly(styrene)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QNMBSXGYAQZCTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophen-3-ylboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C=1C=CSC=1 QNMBSXGYAQZCTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000006539 C12 alkyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-IDEBNGHGSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical group Cl[13C]1=[13CH][13CH]=[13CH][13CH]=[13CH]1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-IDEBNGHGSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Substances ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Cs+] XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- 125000001037 p-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 28
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 12
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 6
- USJRLGNYCQWLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorophosphane Chemical class ClP USJRLGNYCQWLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- IMDXZWRLUZPMDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorophenylphosphine Chemical compound ClP(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 IMDXZWRLUZPMDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- UBJFKNSINUCEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;2-methylpropane Chemical compound [Li+].C[C-](C)C UBJFKNSINUCEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- HBAHZZVIEFRTEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-heptylcyclohex-2-en-1-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCC1=CCCCC1=O HBAHZZVIEFRTEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001367 Merrifield resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000003842 bromide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004663 dialkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NOJZFGZMTUAHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Cl] Chemical group [Li].[Cl] NOJZFGZMTUAHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001503 aryl iodides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N boronic acid Chemical compound OBO ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005620 boronic acid group Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003586 protic polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004209 (C1-C8) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QCZZSANNLWPGEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-phenylphenyl)ethanone Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)C)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 QCZZSANNLWPGEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001637 1-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007341 Heck reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 101150003085 Pdcl gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003477 Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-ONCXSQPRSA-N abietic acid Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)CC(C(C)C)=CC1=CC[C@@H]1[C@]2(C)CCC[C@@]1(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-ONCXSQPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003849 aromatic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005418 aryl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001499 aryl bromides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BRTALTYTFFNPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N boroxin Chemical compound B1OBOBO1 BRTALTYTFFNPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005753 chloropyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007819 coupling partner Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003106 haloaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- COCAUCFPFHUGAA-MGNBDDOMSA-N n-[3-[(1s,7s)-5-amino-4-thia-6-azabicyclo[5.1.0]oct-5-en-7-yl]-4-fluorophenyl]-5-chloropyridine-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C=1C=C(F)C([C@@]23N=C(SCC[C@@H]2C3)N)=CC=1NC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=N1 COCAUCFPFHUGAA-MGNBDDOMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002940 palladium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XOQDDCZARYSQNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl-chloro-phenylphosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)P(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 XOQDDCZARYSQNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/24—Phosphines, i.e. phosphorus bonded to only carbon atoms, or to both carbon and hydrogen atoms, including e.g. sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, phosphole or anionic phospholide ligands
- B01J31/2404—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/165—Polymer immobilised coordination complexes, e.g. organometallic complexes
- B01J31/1658—Polymer immobilised coordination complexes, e.g. organometallic complexes immobilised by covalent linkages, i.e. pendant complexes with optional linking groups, e.g. on Wang or Merrifield resins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/24—Phosphines, i.e. phosphorus bonded to only carbon atoms, or to both carbon and hydrogen atoms, including e.g. sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, phosphole or anionic phospholide ligands
- B01J31/2404—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring
- B01J31/2442—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring comprising condensed ring systems
- B01J31/2447—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring comprising condensed ring systems and phosphine-P atoms as substituents on a ring of the condensed system or on a further attached ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
- C07F15/006—Palladium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/50—Organo-phosphines
- C07F9/5027—Polyphosphines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/40—Substitution reactions at carbon centres, e.g. C-C or C-X, i.e. carbon-hetero atom, cross-coupling, C-H activation or ring-opening reactions
- B01J2231/42—Catalytic cross-coupling, i.e. connection of previously not connected C-atoms or C- and X-atoms without rearrangement
- B01J2231/4205—C-C cross-coupling, e.g. metal catalyzed or Friedel-Crafts type
- B01J2231/4211—Suzuki-type, i.e. RY + R'B(OR)2, in which R, R' are optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, acyl and Y is the leaving group
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/40—Substitution reactions at carbon centres, e.g. C-C or C-X, i.e. carbon-hetero atom, cross-coupling, C-H activation or ring-opening reactions
- B01J2231/42—Catalytic cross-coupling, i.e. connection of previously not connected C-atoms or C- and X-atoms without rearrangement
- B01J2231/4205—C-C cross-coupling, e.g. metal catalyzed or Friedel-Crafts type
- B01J2231/4211—Suzuki-type, i.e. RY + R'B(OR)2, in which R, R' are optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, acyl and Y is the leaving group
- B01J2231/4227—Suzuki-type, i.e. RY + R'B(OR)2, in which R, R' are optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, acyl and Y is the leaving group with Y= Cl
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
- B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
- B01J2531/824—Palladium
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of chemistry, in particular organic chemistry and more particularly the field of heterogeneous palladium catalysts which are used to catalyze chemical reactions involving the formation of carbon-carbon bonds, in other words carbon-carbon coupling reactions. carbon.
- One of the objectives of organic synthesis is to perform chemical reactions that minimize the purification steps required to obtain a product complying with increasingly stringent standards.
- an ever increasing ecological will to reduce releases is redirecting the synthesis methods of many products.
- a requirement related to the concept of sustainable development consists in minimizing the quantities of reagents used.
- transition metal catalyzed reactions among the traditional catalysts, it is necessary to distinguish heterogeneous catalysts from homogeneous (or soluble) catalysts. The former are easily recoverable, but the latter offer much larger synthetic possibilities.
- Much work has been devoted to the development of increasingly complex soluble catalysts. They are, however, often expensive, and often lead to the presence of small amounts of metal derivatives in the reaction product, which requires additional purification steps often delicate.
- a major challenge today is to heterogenize the soluble palladium catalysts by fixing them on a solid support (mineral or organic), the goal being, ultimately, to maintain both the ease of use of the heterogeneous catalysts and the synthetic potentialities of recent homogeneous catalysts.
- Palladium is the transition metal that has one of the strongest, or even the strongest synthetic potential for the creation of new carbon-carbon bonds.
- the Suzuki reaction is a palladium-catalyzed coupling and is a particularly effective tool for the creation of aryl-aryl or aryl-vinyl bonds.
- the molecules thus produced often constitute basic structures for the preparation of more complex molecules that find applications in many very diverse fields such as pharmacochemistry, agrochemicals, semiconductor materials, etc.
- Suzuki's reaction is to react an aryl halide with a vinyl or aryl boronic acid. Bromides and more, aryl iodides are the coupling partners of choice for this transformation.
- Polymers are organic supports of choice for synthesizing heterogeneous catalysts.
- PdCl 2 grafted on a polystyrene-supported diphenylphosphino ligand was described in 2000 to achieve Suzuki couplings between aryl chloride and arylboronic acid (Inada, K. Miyaura, N. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 56, 8661).
- This coupling requires the use of large quantities of palladium (up to 30 megawatts) and remains mainly limited to the use of activated aryl chlorides (electrodeficient) or chloropyridines.
- the present invention aims to overcome at least some of the aforementioned drawbacks.
- the subject of the present invention is therefore a process for the synthesis of a heterogeneous palladium catalyst capable of catalyzing a CC coupling reaction, comprising the steps consisting essentially of providing a solid support on which covalent groups of compounds have been covalently attached.
- formula -PR 1 R 2 wherein R 1 represents an optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted cycloalkyl group, and R 2 represents an optionally substituted aryl group, or an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, and incorporating a catalytically effective amount of palladium into said support thus substituted.
- the incorporation of said catalytically effective amount of palladium into the aforementioned support thus substituted is advantageously at the level of the groups of formula -PR 1 R 2 mentioned above.
- a heterogeneous catalyst obtained by the implementation of the method according to the invention, that is to say a palladium heterogeneous catalyst capable of catalyzing a DC coupling reaction between two carbons comprising a solid support, preferably in the form of an organic polymer or copolymer, provided with at least one group -PR 1 R 2 , where R 1 and R 2 are as defined in the present description, and provided with a catalytically sufficient amount of palladium, advantageously fixed at said one or more groups -PR 1 R 2 .
- a catalyst according to the invention for catalyzing a Suzuki coupling reaction and particularly between an aryl halide or a heteroaryl halide and an arylboronic or heteroarylboronic acid, said halide of aryl or heteroaryl and / or arylboronic or heteroarylboronic acid which may carry one or more electron-donor or electron-withdrawing substituents and said halide being preferably a chloride.
- the subject of the present invention is therefore a process for the synthesis of a heterogeneous palladium catalyst capable of catalyzing a CC coupling reaction, comprising the steps consisting essentially of providing a solid support on which covalent groups of compounds have been covalently attached.
- formula -PR 1 R 2 wherein R 1 represents an optionally substituted alkyl group, or optionally substituted cycloalkyl, and R 2 represents an optionally substituted aryl group, or an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, and incorporating a catalytically effective amount palladium in said support thus substituted.
- alkyl denotes a hydrocarbon chain, linear or branched containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms and most preferably a tert-butyl group.
- cycloalkyl denotes a unicycle, a bicycle or a hydrocarbon tricycle comprising 3 to 11 carbon atoms, and optionally unsaturated by 1 or 2 unsaturations.
- aryl denotes for R 2 a group comprising at least one aromatic ring and comprising 6 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and most preferably a group chosen from the group formed by phenyl groups, naphthyl, 2-methylphenyl, 3-methylphenyl or 4-methylphenyl.
- heteroaryl denotes for R 2 a monocyclic or bicyclic group in which at least one of the rings is aromatic, said group comprising from 5 to 11 members and from 1 to 4 heteroatoms chosen from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
- alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl means that these groups may be substituted with one to four identical or different substituents chosen from the following groups: alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, aryl, monoalkylamino or dialkylamino where
- alkyl denotes in turn a hydrocarbon chain, linear or branched containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, - alkoxy, alkylthio, monoalkylamino or dialkylamino denote a grouping alkyl-oxy, alkyl-thio, alkyl-amino or dialkyl-amino whose linear or branched alkyl chain (s) each contain from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and
- aryl denotes a group comprising at least one aromatic nucleus and comprising 6 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the solid support is an organic polymer or an organic copolymer and preferably the organic support comprises or is a copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene.
- the organic carrier comprises or is a block copolymer of polystyrene and polyethylene oxide.
- the process according to the invention is characterized in that R 1 represents an optionally substituted alkyl group, or optionally substituted cycloalkyl group, and R 2 represents an optionally substituted aryl group, or an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, and incorporating a catalytically effective amount of palladium into said thus substituted support.
- the incorporation of said palladium can be done at the level of the aforementioned groups of formula -PR 1 R 2 .
- R 1 represents a C 1 to C 20 alkyl group, preferably a C 1 to C 12 alkyl group, more preferably a C 1 to C 8 alkyl group and, most preferably, a group tert-butyl.
- R 2 is a C 6 to C 20 aryl group, preferably a C 6 to C 12 aryl group, more preferably a C 6 to C 10 aryl group. and, most preferably, a group selected from the group consisting of phenyl, naphthyl, 2-methylphenyl, 3-methylphenyl or 4-methylphenyl.
- the process according to the invention is further characterized in that the palladium is incorporated by treating the solid support having said groups of formula -PR 1 R 2 with a solution of at least one salt or at least one palladium complex, preferably a solution of Pd (PPh 3 ) 4 , so as to obtain a palladium content in the supported catalyst which is less than or equal to 5% by weight of said supported catalyst.
- a solution of at least one salt or at least one palladium complex preferably a solution of Pd (PPh 3 ) 4
- the method according to the invention is characterized in that, prior to the incorporation treatment of palladium, a solid support consisting essentially of a synthetic resin is partially available. halogenated, in that at least a portion of the halogen atoms of said support are substituted with a compound of general formula R 1 R 2 PLi and then palladium is incorporated in said substituted support thus obtained, preferably in the form of treating with a solution containing said palladium.
- the synthetic resin is chlorinated and / or brominated.
- the subject of the invention is also a heterogeneous palladium catalyst obtained by carrying out the process according to the invention, namely a heterogeneous palladium catalyst capable of catalyzing a DC coupling reaction between two sp 2 carbons comprising a solid support, preferably in the form of an organic polymer or copolymer, provided with at least one group -PR 1 R 2 , where R 1 and R 2 are as defined in the present description, and provided with a catalytically sufficient amount of palladium attached to said one or more groups -PR 1 R 2 .
- the catalyst obtained by the implementation of the process according to the invention is characterized in that:
- R 1 is a tert-butyl group and R 2 is a phenyl group
- R 1 is a tert-butyl group and R 2 is a 2-methylphenyl group
- R 1 is a tert-butyl group and R 2 is a 3-methylphenyl group
- R 1 is a tert-butyl group and R 2 is a 4-methylphenyl group
- - R 1 is a tert-butyl group and R 2 is a naphthyl group, or
- R 1 is a tert-butyl group and R 2 is a tert-butyl group.
- the support is a polystyrene resin, preferably a resin known under the name "Merrifield polystyrene resin” or a polystyrene and poly (ethylene oxide) resin, preferably a resin known under the name "Tentagel resin”. ".
- the present invention also relates to the use of a catalyst according to the invention for catalyzing a Suzuki coupling reaction between an aryl halide or a heteroaryl halide and an arylboronic or heteroarylboronic acid, said aryl halide or heteroaryl and / or arylboronic or heteroarylboronic acid which may carry one or more electro-donating or electron-withdrawing substituents and said halide being preferably a chloride.
- arylboronic or “heteroarylboronic” is meant an aryl or heteroaryl group as defined above for R 2 and each having a group -B (OH) 2 .
- the coupling reaction is carried out in a solvent based on toluene and water, at a temperature of between 65 ° C. and 110 ° C. and in the presence of at least one alkaline fluoride, preferably in the presence of fluoride. cesium.
- the coupling reaction is carried out with the addition of at least one carbonated base, preferably cesium and / or sodium carbonate.
- the use according to the invention is characterized in that the aryl chloride is 4-chloroacetophenone, optionally substituted with one or more electron donor or electron-withdrawing groups, in that the aryl chloride is 2-chloropyridine, optionally substituted with one or more electron-donor or electron-withdrawing groups or in that the aryl chloride is chlorobenzene, optionally substituted with one or more electron-donor or electron-withdrawing groups.
- the use is characterized in that the arylboronic acid is phenylboronic acid optionally substituted with one or more electron-donor or electron-withdrawing groups or in that the heteroarylboronic acid is optionally 3-thiopheneboronic acid substituted by one or more electro-donating or electron-withdrawing groups.
- an amount of supported palladium contained in the catalyst of between 0.01 mequiv. and 5 megariv.
- palladium catalysts supported on a gel-type resin have been synthesized using a Merrifield polystyrene resin (PS-CH 2 Cl resin) or a brominated Tentagel resin (PS-PEG-resin). Br), both commercially available. These allow good accessibility to the active sites for palladium-catalyzed reactions taking place in hot aromatic solvents.
- PS-CH 2 Cl resin Merrifield polystyrene resin
- PS-PEG-resin brominated Tentagel resin
- the grafting of alkylarylphosphino ligands has been studied.
- the synthesis of the supported catalysts can for example be carried out in two steps: grafting of a phosphorus ligand by substitution of the halogen atom of the Merrifield resin or the Tentagel resin by an alkylaryl phosphino-lithium R 1 R 2 PLi (where R 1 and R 2 are as previously defined), followed by the introduction of palladium using a soluble palladium complex (Scheme 1).
- R 1 R 2 PLi employed in the context of a particularly preferred process can, for example, be obtained from lithium and chlorophosphines R 1 R 2 PCl (where R 1 and R 2 are as previously defined) . These can be generated by reacting an alkyl or aryl lithian with a dichloroaryl or dichloroalkylphosphine.
- reaction conditions have been developed using both tert-butyllithium and dichlorophenylphosphine as standard substrates for both standard and commercially available products.
- a particularly effective synthetic method given by way of non-limiting example, consists in adding at -40 ° C.
- Catalyst C5 comprises a phosphorus atom having identical groups R 1 and R 2 and does not form part of the present invention.
- Resin PS O Resin PS-PEG Scheme 2. Supported synthesized catalysts.
- reaction conditions were developed using 4-chloroacetophenone, phenylboronic acid as substrates (solid state phenylboronic acid is in the form of trimer boroxin, which is converted to acidic medium) and the catalyst C 1.
- Catalyst C1 supported on a PS resin and comprising 0.3% by weight of palladium makes it possible to obtain a total reaction between 4-chloroacetophenone and phenylboronic acid in the presence of 2.0 mequiv. of palladium supported (entry 1).
- the use of 1.0 mequiv. of palladium leads to a fall of the yield to 73% (entry 2).
- a better reactivity of the catalyst Cl is observed when the amount of palladium grafted on the polymeric support is only 0.1%. In this case, the yield is still quantitative in the presence of 0.5 mequiv. of palladium supported (entry 3). A decrease in the amount of palladium to 0.1 mequiv. However, there is a drop in yield (entry 4).
- the use of the supported catalyst C1 comprising 0.1% by weight of palladium has been extended to Suzuki couplings between various aryl chlorides and various boronic acids (see Table 3).
- the supported C1 catalyst (0.1% palladium) can be used successfully for Suzuki coupling of various arylboronic acids with 4-chloroacetophenone (Inputs 1-6). Moreover, this coupling can be extended to the use of various aryl chlorides carrying other electron-withdrawing substituents (entries 7-9) or electron-donor substituents (entries 11-15). Remarkably, couplings involving congested substrates are also possible (inputs 4, 14 and especially 15).
- Suzuki coupling has also been successfully extended to the use of 2-chloropyridine and 3-thiopheneboronic acid with yields of 88% and 64% respectively (Scheme 3). ).
- aryl chlorides instead of bromides or aryl iodides in Suzuki couplings is of interest in organic synthesis in order to reduce production costs on an industrial scale.
- heterogeneous palladium catalysts of the present invention can, unlike some of the present catalysts, readily be prepared on a large scale from commercial products. They make it possible to achieve effective Suzuki couplings between aryl chlorides and boronic acids. The quantities of palladium involved are relatively small and the coupling yields are comparable to those described by Buchwald (Walker, S.D. et al., Angew Chem, Int.Ed. 2004, 43, 1871.).
- the crude chlorophosphine (26.0 mmol, 10.1 equiv.) Obtained above is diluted in anhydrous THF (60 mL) and then added to lithium chips (78.0 mmol, 540 mg, 30.2 equiv.) under argon atmosphere.
- the reaction medium is stirred at room temperature for 20 h.
- the red anion solution in THF is then transferred to a suspension of Merrifield resin (charge: 0.86 mmol.g -1 chlorine, 3 g, 1 equiv) in anhydrous THF (60 mL) under an atmosphere.
- the reaction medium is stirred at ambient temperature for 72 hours and is then neutralized by adding a mixture of acetone / H 2 O 2: 1 by volume (30 ml) .
- the resin is vacuum filtered and washed successively.
- the resin thus obtained is then heated under reflux in EtOH / toluene 3: 1 by volume (50 mL) for 20 hours, after cooling to 80.degree. at room temperature, the resin is filtered under vacuum, washed with toluene and then with ether and finally dried under vacuum (0.1 mbar) for 20 hours.
- the resin obtained above (2.60 g) is suspended in anhydrous toluene (120 ml) under an argon atmosphere.
- Pd (PPh 3 ) 4 (28.1 mg) is added all at once.
- the reaction medium is degassed, placed under an argon atmosphere and finally heated at reflux for
- the losses of palladium are determined as follows: the crude reaction mixture is evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue is attacked with concentrated H 2 SO 4 and HNO 3 at reflux and the palladium is determined in the aqueous solution finally obtained.
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EP3297436A4 (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2018-12-26 | Dow AgroSciences LLC | Recovery and/or reuse of palladium catalyst after a suzuki coupling |
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