EP2136965B1 - Apparatus and method for particle radiation by frozen gas particles - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for particle radiation by frozen gas particles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2136965B1
EP2136965B1 EP08736171A EP08736171A EP2136965B1 EP 2136965 B1 EP2136965 B1 EP 2136965B1 EP 08736171 A EP08736171 A EP 08736171A EP 08736171 A EP08736171 A EP 08736171A EP 2136965 B1 EP2136965 B1 EP 2136965B1
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Prior art keywords
inlet
outlet opening
carrier gas
cavity
inner cavity
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EP08736171A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2136965A1 (en
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Robert Veit
Eckart Uhlmann
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Technische Universitaet Berlin
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Technische Universitaet Berlin
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B24C1/003—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods using material which dissolves or changes phase after the treatment, e.g. ice, CO2

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an apparatus and a method for pressure blasting by means of a mixture jet of frozen gas particles and a carrier gas.
  • the invention relates to an apparatus and a method for CO 2 snow jetting by means of a mixture jet of frozen CO 2 gas particles and a carrier gas.
  • Frozen gas particles are particles of a substance that is gaseous at ordinary ambient temperature and pressure.
  • the low hardness of solid carbon dioxide enables the damage-free processing of a wide range of materials and the sublimation of the Blasting agent must be disposed of only the removed, sorted coating or contamination.
  • blasting agent When blasting by means of frozen gas particles, the blasting agent is pneumatically accelerated and applied to the surface to be processed.
  • blasting with frozen gas particles is based on three different mechanisms of action.
  • the low temperature of the blasting medium causes the thermal stress between coating and contamination of the substrate.
  • the kinetic energy of the frozen gas particles leads to a mechanical separation, which is supported by the third effect, the pressure surge due to the sudden sublimation of the frozen gas particles.
  • Such devices and methods are basically known and there are a variety of different types, which give the mixture jet of frozen gas particles and the carrier gas different properties in relation to, for example, speed, volume flow, size, number and expression of the frozen gas particles, so during operation a desired effect on the workpiece or the surface can be achieved.
  • the first type which is also referred to as a dry ice blaster
  • the second type which is also referred to as a snow blaster
  • first of the solid phase and second of the liquid phase produces the blended streams.
  • the blasting agent is produced in a separate process in the form of pellets or blocks and then added to the compressed air stream in a blasting system.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a device for pressure jets with frozen gas particles, which has a small size and thus can be easily integrated into machinery and equipment
  • the present invention relates to a device for Compressive blasting by means of a mixture jet of frozen gas particles and a carrier gas according to the second type. Accordingly, in the devices described here, the blasting agent, in particular CO 2 , held in liquid form under pressure.
  • the frozen gas particles formed in the Zweistoffringdüse have in comparison to the jet nozzle with agglomeration chamber a smaller diameter and thus a low kinetic energy at the same speed. Therefore, the particles that are produced according to this construction variant, have little abrasive and therefore such devices are mainly used for the purification of finely structured, highly sensitive components. Such a device is in the DE 199 26 119 C2 described.
  • the liquefied gas is introduced together with the carrier gas stream into an agglomeration chamber and expanded.
  • larger snow particles are generated, which accelerate with the compressed air in a subsequent nozzle, resulting in a significantly higher abrasiveness.
  • the second design variant of the pressure-jet apparatus with agglomeration chamber has the disadvantages that a high pressure consumption can be recorded during operation.
  • frozen gas particles deposit on the outer walls and detach themselves at irregular intervals and in undefined size from the outer walls. This results in impulsive higher removal rates and thus in an inhomogeneous spray pattern.
  • Out DE 202 14 063 U1 is a CO 2 -Kaltgasdüse for pressure blasting by means of a mixture jet of CO 2 particles and compressed airsetting.CO 2 .
  • a dense fluid is introduced through an inner tube, which is surrounded by a gas line.
  • the streams of the gas and the dense fluid combine.
  • the inner tube is designed so that its end facing away from the inlet can be withdrawn into a chamber, which has a larger cross section compared to the constant cross section of the inner tube.
  • the document US 5,725,154 shows a device for pressure blasting according to the preamble of claim 1 with a spray gun for cleaning using a dense fluid such as CO 2 .
  • a dense fluid is introduced through an inner tube, which is surrounded by a gas line.
  • the streams of the gas and the dense fluid combine.
  • the inner tube is designed so that its end facing away from the inlet can be withdrawn into a chamber, which has a larger cross section compared to the constant cross section of the inner tube.
  • the aim of the present invention is therefore to provide a mixture jet technology, which is not covered by the known types and construction variants.
  • the aim of the present invention is the abrasiveness, ie in particular the size of the frozen gas particles, and the amount adjustable and thus to make their abrasiveness variable.
  • This object is achieved by a device for particle blasting with frozen particles, which holds the blasting medium in liquid form and thus belongs to the group of snow blasting.
  • the device has a nozzle housing, which encloses an outer and an inner cavity, as well as the features of claim 1.
  • the inner cavity thereby constitutes an expansion space having an inlet connected to the liquefied gas supply for introducing a liquefied gas at its upstream longitudinal end and an orifice at its downstream longitudinal end.
  • the mouth opening has a substantially larger cross-section than the inlet.
  • This inner cavity is at least in the region of its mouth, surrounded by an outer cavity which is connected to at least one carrier gas supply.
  • the inner cavity and the outer cavity have substantially round cross-sections.
  • An initially tapering acceleration nozzle adjoins the opening of the relaxation space and the outer cavity in the flow direction, which has a carrier gas inlet located laterally, in particular on all sides of the opening, as an outlet of the outer cavity.
  • the cross section of the carrier gas inlet according to the invention is variably adjustable.
  • a metering device which represents the inlet of the expansion space and is preferably designed as a relaxation or needle nozzle preferably with a variably adjustable inner diameter.
  • the flow diameter of the inner diameter of the metering device expands suddenly to the inner diameter of the expansion space.
  • the liquefied gas relaxes in the expansion space, forming a mixture of frozen gas particles and gas.
  • the diameter of the expansion space is designed so that the cross-section of the expansion space increases continuously downstream.
  • both the volume flow of the flowing into the expansion space liquefied gas, and the inflowing into the outer cavity carrier gas flow is variably adjustable.
  • the volume of the agglomeration space can also be variably adjusted according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the volume of the agglomeration space can be changed by moving the metering device, which is located in the transitional region between the feed of the liquefied gas and the expansion space, in the transition region and parallel to the flow direction can change the length or volume of the agglomeration space.
  • the agglomeration space can also be designed to be displaceable in the longitudinal axis, so that in this case too, the relative position of the metering device is displaceable in the transitional area and thus the volume of the agglomeration space is variable.
  • the volume of the relaxation space can also be designed to be variable by a differently adjustable inner diameter of the expansion space according to a further embodiment of the invention.
  • an essential aspect of the invention is that the opening cross section of the carrier gas inlet, which is formed between the outer contour of the expansion space and the inner contour of the inlet of the acceleration nozzle, is variably adjustable.
  • the device for pressure blasting by means of a mixture jet of frozen gas particles and a carrier gas is formed so that the mouth cross-section can be varied in that the relaxation space relative to the accelerating nozzle in the axial direction, relative to the longitudinal axis of the accelerating nozzle can be moved.
  • the said orifice cross-section is made variably adjustable in that the expansion space is displaced in the orthogonal direction relative to the longitudinal axis of the acceleration nozzle can.
  • the orifice cross-section at the said point can be varied in that the inner contour of the inlet of the acceleration nozzle and / or the outer contour of the outlet of the expansion space are designed to be variable at least on a portion of its circumference.
  • FIG. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the invention in a cross-sectional view.
  • the illustrated apparatus for pressure blasting has a nozzle housing 4 which includes an outer cavity 6 and an inner cavity 2.
  • the inner cavity 2 is connected to a supply 7 for the introduction of liquefied gas into the inner cavity 2.
  • the outer cavity 6 in turn communicates with a supply 3 for the introduction of pressurized carrier gas into the outer cavity 6.
  • the inner cavity 2 is bounded at its one longitudinal end by an inlet 8, which is given according to the illustrated embodiment by the inner diameter of a metering device 1.
  • the metering device 1 is arranged in a transition region between the feed 7 and the inner cavity 2.
  • the metering device 1 is formed in the illustrated preferred embodiment as a needle nozzle and preferably has a diameter between 0.1 and 2 mm.
  • the inner cavity 2 connects itself with a much larger diameter of 3 mm to 50 mm.
  • the inner cavity 2 is also called relaxation space.
  • the inner cavity 2 is delimited at its other longitudinal end by a mouth 9 which is located downstream. From the inlet 8 of the inner cavity 2 to the mouth opening 9, the diameter of the expansion space 2 widens continuously in the flow direction and is preferably between 5 and 70 mm at the mouth opening 9. During the passage through the inner cavity 2, individual particles agglomerate with other particles. Therefore, the inner cavity 2, which represents the relaxation space, also referred to as agglomeration space.
  • an accelerating nozzle 5 which initially tapers in the flow direction and into which the mouth opening 9 of the expansion space 2 protrudes.
  • the accelerating nozzle 5 has at its narrowest point a diameter of preferably between 2 and 20 mm. Because the outer contour of the expansion chamber 2 has a smaller diameter in the region of its orifice 9 than the diameter of the inner contour in the transitional region between the inner contour of the outer cavity 6 and the inlet of the acceleration nozzle 5, an annular carrier gas inlet 10 results in the acceleration nozzle 5, which simultaneously exhausts the outer cavity 6 is.
  • the inner cavity 2 is designed to be displaceable in the axial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the accelerating nozzle 5 and opens into the accelerating nozzle 5 tapering there.
  • the cross section of the carrier gas inlet 10 can thereby be varied into the accelerating nozzle 5 by longitudinal displacement of the inner cavity 2.
  • the carrier gas inlet (10) preferably faces transversely to the longitudinal axis of the device, depending on the position of the orifice (9) within the device between the outer edge of the mouth (9) of the inner cavity (2) and the inner wall of the outer Cavity (6) or the acceleration nozzle (5) has a variably adjustable distance of between 0 and 2 mm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Cleaning Or Drying Semiconductors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus for vapor blasting by means of a mixed stream of particles of a frozen gas and a carrier gas, with a jet housing which encloses an outer and an inner cavity of which the inner cavity represents an expansion chamber which has available at the upstream longitudinal end thereof an inlet for introducing a liquefied gas into the expansion chamber and an outlet opening at the downstream longitudinal end, wherein said outlet opening has a substantially larger cross-sectional area than the inlet, and of which the outer cavity at least partly surrounds the inner cavity at least in the area of the outlet opening, and with at least one liquefied gas supply which is connected to the inlet of the expansion chamber, with a carrier gas supply which is connected to the outer cavity, and with an acceleration jet which connects upstream to the outlet opening of the expansion chamber and to the outer cavity and then narrows in the direction of flow and which has a carrier gas inlet which serves as outlet of the outer cavity and which is located to the side of the outlet opening of which the cross-sectional area is adjustable in size.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zum Druckstrahlen mittels eines Gemischstrahls aus gefrorenen Gaspartikeln und einem Trägergas. Insbesondere betrifft die Erfindung eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zum CO2-Schneestrahlen mittels eines Gemischstrahls aus gefrorenen CO2-Gaspartikeln und einem Trägergas.The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for pressure blasting by means of a mixture jet of frozen gas particles and a carrier gas. In particular, the invention relates to an apparatus and a method for CO 2 snow jetting by means of a mixture jet of frozen CO 2 gas particles and a carrier gas.

Gefrorene Gaspartikel sind Partikel eines Stoffes, der bei gewöhnlicher Umgebungstemperatur und gewöhnlichem Umgebungsdruck gasförmig ist.Frozen gas particles are particles of a substance that is gaseous at ordinary ambient temperature and pressure.

Das Strahlen mit festem Kohlendioxid konnte sich in den letzten Jahren in den unterschiedlichsten Anwendungsfeldern etablieren. Sobald sensible Oberflächen entschichtet bzw. gereinigt werden müssen oder eine Sekundärverunreinigung durch Strahlmittel unerwünscht ist, kann diese Technologie ihre Vorteile zur Geltung bringen.The blasting with solid carbon dioxide has been able to establish itself in the most diverse fields of application in recent years. As soon as sensitive surfaces have to be stripped or cleaned or secondary contamination by blasting media is undesirable, this technology can bring its advantages to advantage.

Die niedrige Härte von festem Kohlendioxid ermöglicht die beschädigungsfreie Bearbeitung eines großen Werkstoffspektrums und durch die Sublimation des Strahlmittels muss lediglich die entfernte, sortenreine Beschichtung oder Verschmutzung entsorgt werden.The low hardness of solid carbon dioxide enables the damage-free processing of a wide range of materials and the sublimation of the Blasting agent must be disposed of only the removed, sorted coating or contamination.

Beim Strahlen mittels gefrorener Gaspartikel wird das Strahlmittel pneumatisch beschleunigt und auf die zu bearbeitende Oberfläche aufgebracht. Im Gegensatz zur rein mechanischen Wirkung anderer Strahlmittel beruht das Strahlen mit gefrorenen Gaspartikeln auf drei unterschiedlichen Wirkmechanismen. Durch die geringe Temperatur des Strahlmittels kommt es zur thermischen Spannung zwischen Beschichtung und Verunreinigung des Substrats. Des Weiteren führt die kinetische Energie der gefrorenen Gaspartikel zu einer mechanischen Abtrennung, die durch den dritten Effekt, den Druckstoß aufgrund der schlagartigen Sublimation der gefrorenen Gaspartikel unterstützt wird.When blasting by means of frozen gas particles, the blasting agent is pneumatically accelerated and applied to the surface to be processed. In contrast to the purely mechanical effect of other blasting agents, blasting with frozen gas particles is based on three different mechanisms of action. The low temperature of the blasting medium causes the thermal stress between coating and contamination of the substrate. Furthermore, the kinetic energy of the frozen gas particles leads to a mechanical separation, which is supported by the third effect, the pressure surge due to the sudden sublimation of the frozen gas particles.

Derartige Vorrichtungen und Verfahren sind grundsätzlich bekannt und es existieren eine Vielzahl von unterschiedlichen Bauarten, welche dem Gemischstrahl aus gefrorenen Gaspartikeln und dem Trägergas unterschiedliche Eigenschaften in Bezug auf zum Beispiel Geschwindigkeit, Volumenstrom, Größe, Anzahl und Ausprägung der gefrorenen Gaspartikel verleihen, sodass währen des Betriebs eine gewünschte Wirkung auf dem Werkstück bzw. der Oberfläche erzielt werden kann.Such devices and methods are basically known and there are a variety of different types, which give the mixture jet of frozen gas particles and the carrier gas different properties in relation to, for example, speed, volume flow, size, number and expression of the frozen gas particles, so during operation a desired effect on the workpiece or the surface can be achieved.

Dabei unterscheidet man vor allem zwei unterschiedliche Grundprinzipien in der Bauart. Die erste Bauart, welche auch als Trockeneisstrahler bezeichnet wird, unterscheiden sich von der zweiten Bauart, welche auch als Schneestrahler bezeichnet wird dadurch, dass erste aus der festen Phase und zweite aus der flüssigen Phase die Gemischstrahlen erzeugt. Für das Trockeneisstrahlen wird das Strahlmittel in einem separaten Prozess in Form von Pellets oder Blöcken hergestellt und anschließend in einer Strahlanlage dem Druckluftstrom zudosiert.In particular, two different basic principles are distinguished in design. The first type, which is also referred to as a dry ice blaster, differs from the second type, which is also referred to as a snow blaster, in that first of the solid phase and second of the liquid phase produces the blended streams. For dry ice blasting, the blasting agent is produced in a separate process in the form of pellets or blocks and then added to the compressed air stream in a blasting system.

Da ein Ziel der vorliegenden Erfindung darin besteht, eine Vorrichtung zum Druckstrahlen mit gefrorenen Gaspartikeln bereitzustellen, welche eine geringe Baugröße aufweist und dadurch leicht in Maschinen und Anlagen integriert werden kann, bezieht sich die vorliegende Erfindung auf eine Vorrichtung zum Druckstrahlen mittels eines Gemischstrahls aus gefrorenen Gaspartikeln und einem Trägergas gemäß der zweiten Bauart. Dementsprechend wird bei den hier beschriebenen Vorrichtungen das Strahlmittel, insbesondere CO2, in flüssiger Form unter Druck vorgehalten.Since an object of the present invention is to provide a device for pressure jets with frozen gas particles, which has a small size and thus can be easily integrated into machinery and equipment, the present invention relates to a device for Compressive blasting by means of a mixture jet of frozen gas particles and a carrier gas according to the second type. Accordingly, in the devices described here, the blasting agent, in particular CO 2 , held in liquid form under pressure.

Auch bei dieser, auch als Schneestrahler bezeichneten Bauart, unterscheidet man wiederum zwei Bauvarianten: die Zweistoffringdüse und die Strahldüse mit Agglomerationskammer.Also in this type of construction, also referred to as a snow blaster, a distinction is again made between two construction variants: the two-part ring nozzle and the blasting nozzle with agglomeration chamber.

Bei der Zweistoffringdüse wird das flüssige Gas am Düsenaustritt auf Umgebungsdruck entspannt. Die entstehenden Schneepartikel werden durch einen Mantelstrahl aus überschallschneller Druckluft gebündelt und beschleunigt.In the Zweistoffringdüse the liquid gas is released at the nozzle outlet to ambient pressure. The resulting snow particles are bundled and accelerated by a sheath jet of super-fast compressed air.

Die in der Zweistoffringdüse gebildeten gefrorenen Gaspartikel haben im Vergleich zu der Strahldüse mit Agglomerationskammer einen geringeren Durchmesser und damit eine geringe kinetische Energie bei gleicher Geschwindigkeit. Daher wirken die Partikel, die gemäß dieser Bauvariante erzeugt werden, wenig abrasiv und derartige Vorrichtungen werden daher vor allem für die Reinigung von feinstrukturierten, hochempfindlichen Bauteilen eingesetzt. Eine solche Vorrichtung wird in der DE 199 26 119 C2 beschrieben.The frozen gas particles formed in the Zweistoffringdüse have in comparison to the jet nozzle with agglomeration chamber a smaller diameter and thus a low kinetic energy at the same speed. Therefore, the particles that are produced according to this construction variant, have little abrasive and therefore such devices are mainly used for the purification of finely structured, highly sensitive components. Such a device is in the DE 199 26 119 C2 described.

In einer Vorrichtung vom Typ der zweiten Bauvariante wird das verflüssigte Gas zusammen mit dem Trägergasstrom in eine Agglomerationskammer eingeleitet und entspannt. Im Vergleich zu der Zweistoffringdüse entstehen dabei größere Schneepartikel, die mit der Druckluft in einer nachfolgenden Düse beschleunigt, zu einer deutlich höheren Abrasivität führen. Solch ein Verfahren und eine derartige Vorrichtung wird in der DE 102 43 693 B3 beschrieben.In a device of the type of the second construction variant, the liquefied gas is introduced together with the carrier gas stream into an agglomeration chamber and expanded. Compared to the two-nozzle nozzle, larger snow particles are generated, which accelerate with the compressed air in a subsequent nozzle, resulting in a significantly higher abrasiveness. Such a method and apparatus will be described in the DE 102 43 693 B3 described.

Während die erste Bauvariante mit Zweistoffringdüse den Nachteil aufweist, eine geringe Abrasivität zu besitzen, weist die zweite Bauvariante der Druckstrahlvorrichtung mit Agglomerationskammer die Nachteile auf, dass im Betriebsfall ein hoher Druckverbrauch zu verzeichnen ist. Darüber hinaus lagern sich im Inneren der Agglomerationskammer gefrorene Gaspartikel an den Außenwänden ab und lösen sich in unregelmäßigen Abständen und in undefinierter Größe von den Außenwänden ab. Dadurch kommt es zu impulsartigen höheren Abtragsleistungen und somit zu einem inhomogenen Strahlbild.While the first construction variant with two-nozzle nozzle has the disadvantage of having a low abrasiveness, the second design variant of the pressure-jet apparatus with agglomeration chamber has the disadvantages that a high pressure consumption can be recorded during operation. In addition, inside the agglomeration chamber, frozen gas particles deposit on the outer walls and detach themselves at irregular intervals and in undefined size from the outer walls. This results in impulsive higher removal rates and thus in an inhomogeneous spray pattern.

Aus DE 202 14 063 U1 ist eine CO2-Kaltgasdüse zum Druckstrahlen mittels eines Gemischstrahles aus CO2-Partikeln und Druckluft bekannt.CO2. Dabei wird ein dichtes Fluid durch ein inneres Rohr eingeleitet, welches von einer Gasleitung umgeben wird. In einer sich in Strahlrichtung verjüngenden Düse vereinigen sich die Ströme des Gases und des dichten Fluids. Das innere Rohr ist dabei so ausgebildet, dass sein vom Einlass abgewandtes Ende in eine Kammer zurückgezogen werden kann, welche im Vergleich zum konstanten Querschnitt des inneren Rohrs einen größeren Querschnitt aufweist.Out DE 202 14 063 U1 is a CO 2 -Kaltgasdüse for pressure blasting by means of a mixture jet of CO 2 particles and compressed air bekannt.CO 2 . In this case, a dense fluid is introduced through an inner tube, which is surrounded by a gas line. In a jet-tapered nozzle, the streams of the gas and the dense fluid combine. The inner tube is designed so that its end facing away from the inlet can be withdrawn into a chamber, which has a larger cross section compared to the constant cross section of the inner tube.

Das Dokument US 5,725,154 zeigt eine Vorrichtung zum Druckstrahlen gemäβ dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 mit einer Sprühkanone zum Reinigen unter Verwendung eines dichten Fluids wie CO2. Dabei wird ein dichtes Fluid durch ein inneres Rohr eingeleitet, welches von einer Gasleitung umgeben wird. In einer sich in Strahlrichtung verjüngenden Düse vereinigen sich die Ströme des Gases und des dichten Fluids. Das innere Rohr ist dabei so ausgebildet, dass sein vom Einlass abgewandtes Ende in eine Kammer zurückgezogen werden kann, welche im Vergleich zum konstanten Querschnitt des inneren Rohrs einen größeren Querschnitt aufweist.The document US 5,725,154 shows a device for pressure blasting according to the preamble of claim 1 with a spray gun for cleaning using a dense fluid such as CO 2 . In this case, a dense fluid is introduced through an inner tube, which is surrounded by a gas line. In a jet-tapered nozzle, the streams of the gas and the dense fluid combine. The inner tube is designed so that its end facing away from the inlet can be withdrawn into a chamber, which has a larger cross section compared to the constant cross section of the inner tube.

Ziel der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht demnach darin, eine Gemischstrahltechnologie zur Verfügung zu stellen, welche durch die bekannten Bauarten und Bauvarianten nicht abgedeckt wird.The aim of the present invention is therefore to provide a mixture jet technology, which is not covered by the known types and construction variants.

Das Defizit bisheriger Lösungsansätze besteht darin, eine hohe Abrasivität des Gemischstrahls bei gleichzeitig geringem Druckluftverbrauch zu bewirken. Eine solche Vorrichtung könnte auch bei einer erforderlichen hohen Abrasivität an übliche Werkstattdruckluftnetzen angeschlossen werden.The deficit of previous approaches is to cause a high abrasiveness of the mixture jet with low compressed air consumption. Such a device could be connected even with a required high abrasiveness to conventional workshop compressed air networks.

Darüber hinaus ist Ziel der vorliegenden Erfindung die Abrasivität, d. h. insbesondere die Größe der gefrorenen Gaspartikel, sowie deren Menge einstellbar und damit deren Abrasivität variabel zu gestalten.In addition, the aim of the present invention is the abrasiveness, ie in particular the size of the frozen gas particles, and the amount adjustable and thus to make their abrasiveness variable.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Vorrichtung zum Partikelstrahlen mit gefrorenen Partikeln gelöst, welche das Strahlmedium in flüssiger Form vorhält und damit zur Gruppe der Schneestrahler gehört.This object is achieved by a device for particle blasting with frozen particles, which holds the blasting medium in liquid form and thus belongs to the group of snow blasting.

Erfindungsgemäß verfügt die Vorrichtung über ein Düsengehäuse, das einen äußeren und einen inneren Hohlraum einschließt, sowie den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1.According to the invention, the device has a nozzle housing, which encloses an outer and an inner cavity, as well as the features of claim 1.

Der innere Hohlraum stellt dabei einen Entspannungs- bzw. Agglomerationsraum dar, welcher über einen mit der Zuführung für verflüssigtes Gas verbundenen Einlass zum Einleiten eines verflüssigten Gases an seinem stromaufwärts gelegenen Längsende, sowie über eine Mündungsöffnung an seinem stromabwärts gelegenen Längsende verfügt. Die Mündungsöffnung weist dabei einen wesentlich größeren Querschnitt auf, als der Einlass.The inner cavity thereby constitutes an expansion space having an inlet connected to the liquefied gas supply for introducing a liquefied gas at its upstream longitudinal end and an orifice at its downstream longitudinal end. The mouth opening has a substantially larger cross-section than the inlet.

Dieser innere Hohlraum ist zumindest im Bereich seiner Mündungsöffnung, von einem äußeren Hohlraum umgeben, der mit wenigstens einer Trägergaszuführung verbunden ist.This inner cavity is at least in the region of its mouth, surrounded by an outer cavity which is connected to at least one carrier gas supply.

Vorzugsweise besitzen der innere Hohlraum und der äußere Hohlraum im wesentlichen runde Querschnitte.Preferably, the inner cavity and the outer cavity have substantially round cross-sections.

An die Mündungsöffnung des Entspannungsraums und an den äußeren Hohlraum schließt sich in Strömungsrichtung eine sich zunächst verjüngenden Beschleunigungsdüse an, welche einen seitlich insbesondere allseits der Mündungsöffnung befindlichen Trägergaseinlass als Auslass des äußeren Hohlraums aufweist.An initially tapering acceleration nozzle adjoins the opening of the relaxation space and the outer cavity in the flow direction, which has a carrier gas inlet located laterally, in particular on all sides of the opening, as an outlet of the outer cavity.

Da ein Ziel der vorliegenden Erfindung, wie weiter oben schon beschrieben, darin besteht, die Abrasivität, d. h. insbesondere die Größe der gefrorenen Gaspartikel, sowie deren Menge einstellbar und damit deren Abrasivität variabel zu gestalten, ist der Querschnitt des Trägergaseinlasses erfindungsgemäß veränderlich einstellbar.As an aim of the present invention, as already described above, is to reduce the abrasiveness, i. H. In particular, the size of the frozen gas particles, as well as their amount adjustable and thus to make their variability variable, the cross section of the carrier gas inlet according to the invention is variably adjustable.

In einem Übergangsbereich zwischen der Zuführung für verflüssigtes Gas und dem Entspannungsraum befindet sich eine Dosiervorrichtung, die den Einlass des Entspannungsraum darstellt und vorzugsweise als Entspannungs- oder Nadeldüse mit bevorzugt einem variabel einstellbaren Innendurchmessers ausgebildet ist. In Strömungsrichtung hinter der Dosiervorrichtung weitet sich der Strömungsdurchmesser von dem Innendurchmesser der Dosiervorrichtung sprunghaft auf den Innendurchmesser des Entspannungsraumes. Dadurch entspannt sich das verflüssigte Gas im Entspannungsraum, wodurch sich ein Gemisch aus gefrorenen Gaspartikeln und Gas bildet.In a transition region between the feed for liquefied gas and the relaxation space is a metering device, which represents the inlet of the expansion space and is preferably designed as a relaxation or needle nozzle preferably with a variably adjustable inner diameter. In the flow direction behind the metering device, the flow diameter of the inner diameter of the metering device expands suddenly to the inner diameter of the expansion space. As a result, the liquefied gas relaxes in the expansion space, forming a mixture of frozen gas particles and gas.

Während der Strömung des Gemisches aus gefrorenen Gaspartikeln und Gas durch den Entspannungsraum agglomerieren einzelne Partikel miteinander, sodass es stromabwärts im Entspannungs- oder auch Agglomerationsraum zu einer Vergrößerung der Partikel kommt.During the flow of the mixture of frozen gas particles and gas through the expansion space, individual particles agglomerate with each other, so that an increase in the size of the particles takes place downstream in the expansion or agglomeration space.

Erfindungsgemäβ ist der Durchmesser des Entspannungsraumes so gestaltet, dass sich der Querschnitt des Entspannungsraumes stromabwärts stetig vergrößert.According to the invention, the diameter of the expansion space is designed so that the cross-section of the expansion space increases continuously downstream.

Diese Querschnittserweiterung des Entspannungsraumes in Richtung Düsenaustritt sorgt für eine kontinuierliche Strömung und somit für einen sicheren Abtransport der entstehenden Schneepartikel. Bei einem gleichbleibenden Querschnitt kommt es unmittelbar nach der Eindüsung des verflüssigten Gases auf Grund von strömungstechnischen "Toträumen" zu Anlagerungen und Ansammlung von festen Gaspartikeln in den "Toträumen". Diese Anlagerungen lösen sich in unregelmäßigen Abständen, so dass es zu einem inhomogenen und pulsierendem Strahlbild der Düse kommt, welches man in der Praxis auch als "Husten" bezeichnet. Die vergleichsweise großen Partikelagglomerationen haben eine höhere kinetische Energie und wirken dementsprechend stärker auf die bestrahlte Oberfläche ein. Für den reproduzierbaren Einsatz der Schneestrahltechnik ist dieser Effekt negativ zu bewerten. Weiterhin kann die Ansammlung gefrorener Gaspartikel zu einer Verstopfung der Strahldüse führen.This cross-sectional widening of the expansion space in the direction of the nozzle outlet ensures a continuous flow and thus a safe removal of the resulting snow particles. With a constant cross section, immediately after the injection of the liquefied gas due to fluidic "dead spaces", deposits and accumulation of solid gas particles in the "dead spaces" occur. These deposits dissolve at irregular intervals, so that it comes to an inhomogeneous and pulsating jet pattern of the nozzle, which is referred to in practice as "coughing". The comparatively large particle agglomerations have a higher kinetic energy and accordingly act more strongly on the irradiated surface. For the reproducible use of snow blasting technology, this effect is to be evaluated negatively. Furthermore, the accumulation of frozen gas particles can lead to a blockage of the jet nozzle.

Um die Abrasivität, d. h. insbesondere die Größe der gefrorenen Gaspartikel, sowie deren Menge einstellbar zu gestalten, ist sowohl der Volumenstrom des in den Entspannungsraum einströmenden verflüssigten Gases, als auch der in den äußeren Hohlraum einströmende Trägergasstrom veränderlich einstellbar.To the abrasiveness, d. H. In particular, to make the size of the frozen gas particles, as well as their amount adjustable, both the volume flow of the flowing into the expansion space liquefied gas, and the inflowing into the outer cavity carrier gas flow is variably adjustable.

Da die Abrasivität entscheidend auch von der Partikelgröße abhängt, und diese auch von der Länge, bzw. dem Volumen des Entspannungsraumes- bzw. Agglomerationsraumes abhängt, ist gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung auch das Volumen des Agglomerationsraums veränderlich einstellbar.Since the abrasiveness also decisively depends on the particle size, and this also depends on the length or the volume of the expansion space or agglomeration space, the volume of the agglomeration space can also be variably adjusted according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.

Vorzugsweise kann das Volumen des Agglomerationsraums dadurch verändert werden, dass die Dosiervorrichtung, welche sich im Übergangsbereich zwischen der Zuführung des verflüssigten Gases und dem Entspannungsraum befindet so in dem Übergangsbereich und parallel zur Strömungsrichtung verschoben werden kann, dass sich die Länge, bzw. das Volumen des Agglomerationsraums verändert.Preferably, the volume of the agglomeration space can be changed by moving the metering device, which is located in the transitional region between the feed of the liquefied gas and the expansion space, in the transition region and parallel to the flow direction can change the length or volume of the agglomeration space.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann auch der Agglomerationsraum in Längsachse verschiebbar ausgebildet sein, sodass auch hierbei die relative Position der Dosiervorrichtung im Übergangsbereich verschiebbar und damit das Volumen des Agglomerationsraums veränderlich ist.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the agglomeration space can also be designed to be displaceable in the longitudinal axis, so that in this case too, the relative position of the metering device is displaceable in the transitional area and thus the volume of the agglomeration space is variable.

Das Volumen des Entspannungsraumes kann gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung auch durch einen unterschiedlich einstellbaren Innendurchmessers des Entspannungsraumes variierbar ausgebildet sein.The volume of the relaxation space can also be designed to be variable by a differently adjustable inner diameter of the expansion space according to a further embodiment of the invention.

Aufgrund der veränderlich einstellbaren Volumenströme von Flüssiggaszufuhr und Trägergaszufuhr und darüber hinaus auch durch die veränderbare Länge des Agglomerationsraumes können die Strömungsbedingungen, sowie die Größe der gefrorenen Gaspartikel auch im Bereich des Einlasses der Beschleunigungsdüse sehr unterschiedlich sein. Bei ungünstigen Strömungsverhältnissen kann es dazu kommen, dass die gefrorenen Gaspartikel bei der Vermischung mit dem Trägergas und bevor sie die gewünschte Wirkung auf dem Werkstück entfalten können sublimieren. Um dies zu verhindern besteht ein wesentlicher Aspekt der Erfindung darin, dass der Mündungsquerschnitt des Trägergaseinlasses, welcher zwischen der Außenkontur des Entspannungsraumes und der Innenkontur des Einlasses der Beschleunigungsdüse gebildet, wird variabel einstellbar ausgebildet ist.Due to the variably adjustable volume flows of liquid gas supply and carrier gas supply and also by the variable length of the agglomeration space, the flow conditions, as well as the size of the frozen gas particles can be very different also in the region of the inlet of the acceleration nozzle. In unfavorable flow conditions, it can happen that the frozen gas particles sublime when mixed with the carrier gas and before they can develop the desired effect on the workpiece. To prevent this, an essential aspect of the invention is that the opening cross section of the carrier gas inlet, which is formed between the outer contour of the expansion space and the inner contour of the inlet of the acceleration nozzle, is variably adjustable.

Vorzugsweise ist die Vorrichtung zum Druckstrahlen mittels eines Gemischstrahls aus gefrorenen Gaspartikeln und einem Trägergas so ausgebildet, dass der Mündungsquerschnitt dadurch variiert werden kann, dass der Entspannungsraum relativ zu der Beschleunigungsdüse in axialer Richtung, bezogen auf die Längsachse der Beschleunigungsdüse verschoben werden kann. Gemäß anderen Ausführungsvarianten der Erfindung ist der besagte Mündungsquerschnitt dadurch variabel einstellbar gestaltet, dass der Entspannungsraum in orthogonaler Richtung relativ zur Längsachse der Beschleunigungsdüse verschoben werden kann. Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann der Mündungsquerschnitt an der besagten Stelle dadurch variiert werden, dass die Innenkontur des Einlasses der Beschleunigungsdüse und/ oder die Außenkontur des Auslasses des Entspannungsraumes zumindest auf einem Teilabschnitt ihres Umfangs variabel ausgebildet sind.Preferably, the device for pressure blasting by means of a mixture jet of frozen gas particles and a carrier gas is formed so that the mouth cross-section can be varied in that the relaxation space relative to the accelerating nozzle in the axial direction, relative to the longitudinal axis of the accelerating nozzle can be moved. According to other embodiments of the invention, the said orifice cross-section is made variably adjustable in that the expansion space is displaced in the orthogonal direction relative to the longitudinal axis of the acceleration nozzle can. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the orifice cross-section at the said point can be varied in that the inner contour of the inlet of the acceleration nozzle and / or the outer contour of the outlet of the expansion space are designed to be variable at least on a portion of its circumference.

Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der vorliegenden Erfindung sind nachfolgend anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnung beschrieben.Further features and advantages of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Deren einzige Figur 1 zeigt eine bevorzugte Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung in einer Querschnittsdarstellung.Their only FIG. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the invention in a cross-sectional view.

Die dargestellte Vorrichtung zum Druckstrahlen besitzt ein Düsengehäuse 4, welches einen äußeren Hohlraum 6 und einen inneren Hohlraum 2 einschließt.The illustrated apparatus for pressure blasting has a nozzle housing 4 which includes an outer cavity 6 and an inner cavity 2.

Der innere Hohlraum 2 ist mit einer Zuführung 7 für die Einleitung von verflüssigtem Gas in den inneren Hohlraum 2 verbunden. Der äußere Hohlraum 6 steht seinerseits in Verbindung mit einer Zuführung 3 für die Einleitung von unter Druck stehendem Trägergas in den äußeren Hohlraum 6.The inner cavity 2 is connected to a supply 7 for the introduction of liquefied gas into the inner cavity 2. The outer cavity 6 in turn communicates with a supply 3 for the introduction of pressurized carrier gas into the outer cavity 6.

Der innere Hohlraum 2 ist an seinem einen Längsende durch einen Einlass 8 begrenzt, welcher gemäß der dargestellten Ausführungsvariante durch den Innendurchmesser einer Dosiervorrichtung 1 gegeben ist. Die Dosiervorrichtung 1 ist in einem Übergangsbereich zwischen Zuführung 7 und innerem Hohlraum 2 angeordnet. Die Dosiervorrichtung 1 ist in der dargestellten bevorzugten Ausführungsvariante als Nadeldüse ausgebildet und besitzt vorzugsweise einen Durchmesser zwischen 0,1 und 2 mm. An die Dosiervorrichtung 1 als Einlass 8 des inneren Hohlraums 2 schließt sich der innere Hohlraum 2 selbst mit einem wesentlich größerer Durchmesser von 3 mm bis 50 mm an. Infolge des Durchmessersprungs direkt hinter dem Einlass 8 auf den Durchmesser des inneren Hohlraums 2 verdampft das verflüssigte Gas beim Eintritt in den inneren Hohlraum 2 unter der Erzeugung von Kälte schlagartig, und ein Teil des verflüssigten Gases gefriert zu kleinen Partikeln. Aus diesem Grund wird der innere Hohlraum 2 auch Entspannungsraum genannt.The inner cavity 2 is bounded at its one longitudinal end by an inlet 8, which is given according to the illustrated embodiment by the inner diameter of a metering device 1. The metering device 1 is arranged in a transition region between the feed 7 and the inner cavity 2. The metering device 1 is formed in the illustrated preferred embodiment as a needle nozzle and preferably has a diameter between 0.1 and 2 mm. To the metering device 1 as the inlet 8 of the inner cavity 2, the inner cavity 2 connects itself with a much larger diameter of 3 mm to 50 mm. As a result of the diameter jump directly behind the inlet 8 to the diameter of the inner cavity 2, the liquefied gas abruptly evaporates on entry into the inner cavity 2 with the generation of cold, and part of the liquefied Gases freeze to small particles. For this reason, the inner cavity 2 is also called relaxation space.

Der innere Hohlraum 2 ist an seinem anderen Längsende durch eine Mündungsöffnung 9 begrenzt, welche stromabwärts gelegen ist. Vom Einlass 8 des inneren Hohlraums 2 bis zu der Mündungsöffnung 9 weitet sich der Durchmesser des Entspannungsraumes2 in Strömungsrichtung stetig und beträgt an der Mündungsöffnung 9 bevorzugt zwischen 5 und 70 mm. Während des Durchströmens des inneren Hohlraums 2 agglomerieren einzelne Partikel mit anderen Partikeln. Deshalb wird der innere Hohlraum 2, der den Entspannungsraum darstellt, auch als Agglomerationsraum bezeichnet.The inner cavity 2 is delimited at its other longitudinal end by a mouth 9 which is located downstream. From the inlet 8 of the inner cavity 2 to the mouth opening 9, the diameter of the expansion space 2 widens continuously in the flow direction and is preferably between 5 and 70 mm at the mouth opening 9. During the passage through the inner cavity 2, individual particles agglomerate with other particles. Therefore, the inner cavity 2, which represents the relaxation space, also referred to as agglomeration space.

Unmittelbar an die Mündungsöffnung 9 des Entspannungsraumes 2 und an den äußeren Hohlraum 6 schließt sich eine Beschleunigungsdüse 5 an, die sich in Strömungsrichtung zunächst verjüngt und in die die Mündungsöffnung 9 des Entspannungsraumes 2 hineinragt. Die Beschleunigungsdüse 5 hat an ihrer engsten Stelle einen Durchmesser von bevorzugt zwischen 2 und 20 mm. Weil der Außenkontur des Entspannungsraumes 2 im Bereich seiner Mündungsöffnung 9 einen kleineren Durchmesser aufweist, als der Durchmesser der Innenkontur im Übergangsbereich zwischen Innenkontur des äußeren Hohlraums 6 und Einlass der Beschleunigungsdüse 5, ergibt sich ein ringförmiger Trägergaseinlass 10 in die Beschleunigungsdüse 5, der gleichzeitig Auslass des äußeren Hohlraums 6 ist.Immediately to the mouth opening 9 of the relaxation space 2 and the outer cavity 6 is followed by an accelerating nozzle 5, which initially tapers in the flow direction and into which the mouth opening 9 of the expansion space 2 protrudes. The accelerating nozzle 5 has at its narrowest point a diameter of preferably between 2 and 20 mm. Because the outer contour of the expansion chamber 2 has a smaller diameter in the region of its orifice 9 than the diameter of the inner contour in the transitional region between the inner contour of the outer cavity 6 and the inlet of the acceleration nozzle 5, an annular carrier gas inlet 10 results in the acceleration nozzle 5, which simultaneously exhausts the outer cavity 6 is.

Der innere Hohlraum 2 ist in axialer Richtung bezogen auf die Längsachse der Beschleunigungsdüse 5 verschiebbar ausgebildet und mündet in die sich dort verjüngende Beschleunigungsdüse 5. Dadurch lässt sich der Querschnitt des Trägergaseinlasses 10 in die Beschleunigungsdüse 5 durch Längsverschieben des inneren Hohlraums 2 variieren. Der Trägergaseinlass (10) weist vorzugsweise quer zur Längsachse der Vorrichtung je nach Position der Mündungsöffnung (9) innerhalb der Vorrichtung zwischen dem äußeren Rand der Mündungsöffnung (9) des inneren Hohlraums (2) und der inneren Wandung des äußeren Hohlraums (6) oder der Beschleunigungsdüse (5) einen veränderlich einstellbaren Abstand von zwischen 0 und 2 mm auf.The inner cavity 2 is designed to be displaceable in the axial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the accelerating nozzle 5 and opens into the accelerating nozzle 5 tapering there. The cross section of the carrier gas inlet 10 can thereby be varied into the accelerating nozzle 5 by longitudinal displacement of the inner cavity 2. The carrier gas inlet (10) preferably faces transversely to the longitudinal axis of the device, depending on the position of the orifice (9) within the device between the outer edge of the mouth (9) of the inner cavity (2) and the inner wall of the outer Cavity (6) or the acceleration nozzle (5) has a variably adjustable distance of between 0 and 2 mm.

Claims (11)

  1. Device for pressure blasting by means of a mixture jet of particles of a frozen gas and a carrier gas, comprising:
    - a nozzle housing, which encloses an outer cavity (6) and an inner cavity (2),
    - the inner cavity (2) of which forms a relaxation chamber, which comprises an inlet (8) at its upstream longitudinal end for introducing a liquefied gas into the relaxation chamber (2) and an outlet opening (9) at its downstream longitudinal end, wherein the outlet opening (9) has a much larger cross section than the inlet (8), and
    - the outer cavity (6) of which surrounds the inner cavity (2) at least partly in the region of the outlet opening (9),
    - at least one liquid gas supply which is connected to the inlet (8) of the relaxation chamber (2),
    - a carrier gas supply (3) which is connected to the outer cavity (6) and
    - an acceleration nozzle (5) which firstly tapers in flow direction and is connected downstream to the outlet opening (9) of the relaxation chamber (2) and the outer cavity (6), which acceleration nozzle has a carrier gas inlet (10) located at the side of the outlet opening (9) as the outlet of the outer cavity (6), the cross section of which can be adjusted variably, characterised in that the inner diameter of the relaxation chamber (2) increases continually in flow direction from its upstream longitudinal end to its downstream longitudinal end.
  2. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the diameter of the carrier gas inlet (10) can be varied by a relative displacement of the inner cavity (2) in relation to the acceleration nozzle (5).
  3. Device according to claim 2, characterised in that the displacement of the relaxation chamber (2) is performed in axial direction in relation to the longitudinal axis of the acceleration nozzle (5).
  4. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the outer cavity (6) and the inner cavity (2) have essentially circular cross sections.
  5. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the inlet (8) into the relaxation chamber (2) is formed by the inner diameter of a metering device (1) in the form of a relaxation nozzle, which has a substantially smaller diameter than the inner diameter of the relaxation chamber (2).
  6. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the carrier gas inlet (10) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the device has a variable adjustable distance of between 0 mm and 2 mm between the outer edge of the outlet opening (9) of the inner cavity (2) and the inner wall of the outer cavity (6) or of the acceleration nozzle (5).
  7. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the relaxation chamber (2) has an inner diameter of the outlet opening (9) of between 5 mm and 70 mm.
  8. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that both the volume flow of the liquefied gas and also of the carrier gas can be varied.
  9. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the device has a variable adjustable volume of the relaxation chamber (2).
  10. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the volume of the agglomeration chamber (2) is designed to be variable in that the metering device (1), which is located in the transitional area between the supply of the liquefied gas (7) and the relaxation chamber (2), can be displaced in the transitional area and parallel to the flow direction so that the length and/or the volume of the agglomeration chamber (2) changes.
  11. Method for cleaning or pretreating surfaces by means of a mixture jet of frozen gas particles, in particular C02 particles, and a carrier gas, wherein the mixture jet is produced by means of a device according to claim 1.
EP08736171A 2007-04-13 2008-04-14 Apparatus and method for particle radiation by frozen gas particles Not-in-force EP2136965B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102007018338A DE102007018338B4 (en) 2007-04-13 2007-04-13 Apparatus and method for particle blasting using frozen gas particles
PCT/EP2008/054466 WO2008125648A1 (en) 2007-04-13 2008-04-14 Apparatus and method for particle radiation by frozen gas particles

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US20100279587A1 (en) 2010-11-04
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DE102007018338B4 (en) 2010-09-23
EP2136965A1 (en) 2009-12-30

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