EP2131954A1

EP2131954A1 - Method for the gradual temperature control of chemical substances with defined input and output temperatures in a heater and device for carrying out said method

Info

Publication number: EP2131954A1
Application number: EP08717821A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Harald Troll; Peter Adler; Michael Beyer
Original assignee: Evonik Degussa GmbH
Current assignee: Evonik Operations GmbH
Priority date: 2007-03-29
Filing date: 2008-03-14
Publication date: 2009-12-16
Also published as: RU2009139801A; CN101674879A; KR20090123925A; CA2681231A1; JP2010522635A; US20100151400A1; WO2008119645A1; DE102007052325A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the gradual temperature control of chemical substances with defined entry and exit temperatures in a heater, said substances being maintained in a specific defined temperature range as they are conducted through the heater, and to a device for carrying out said method. The aim of the invention is to provide a suitable method and device for carrying out said method, said device permitting an economically advantageous, reliable and environmentally friendly operation, in particular during the start-up process for the device. This aim is achieved by the features according to the invention mentioned in claims 1;11 and 19; 22.

Description

Method for the sliding temperature control of chemical substances with defined inlet and outlet temperatures in a heater and device for carrying out the method

The invention relates to a method for the sliding temperature control of chemical substances with defined input and output temperatures in a heater, which are kept in a certain defined pressure range maintained by the heater and a device for carrying out the method.

It is known to heat chemical substances of different composition in industrial processes based on electrically operated heaters. This type of temperature control of chemical substances, which in this case can also be water, can only be carried out if the amount of chemical substance is not large enough. Heating with such a method is very costly and completely unsuitable from an economic point of view. With larger sized amounts of substances, it is necessary to make this in a fired heater, as is common practice in the evaporation or overheating of water. In the latter method, it is disadvantageous that the starting process must be carried out over long periods of high energy expenditure. During the start-up process, considerable amounts of energy are supplied to the heater or the entire system for the purpose of achieving the final stage and are discharged into the environment unused.

The invention has for its object to provide a method for sliding temperature control of chemical substances that are held by a heater to certain inlet and outlet temperature sizes and a certain pressure levels, as well as a device for carrying out the method, with which it is allowed, an economical advantageous, safe and environmentally friendly operation, especially during the startup process of the device to obtain. According to the invention, the object is achieved by means of a method for sliding temperature control of chemical substances at defined input and discharge temperatures in a heater, which are kept in a certain defined pressure range held by the heater and the sliding temperature control in a starting process in a, between the supply and discharge the heater is switched on start-up arrangement is initiated, dissolved in the repeated passage of the heater and the arrangement the sliding temperature of the chemical substances is made with locked supply and discharge until the defined temperature and the predetermined pressure is reached and when setting the defined pressure and adjusting the temperature conditions of the starting process and by blocking the Anfahranordnung a direct passage through the heater from the supply line to the derivative is made. It is an embodiment of the invention that the starting arrangement is arranged as a bridge between a supply line before the heater and the derivative behind the heater in the device equipped with functional units such as a surge tank, a water cooler or air cooler and a circulation pump. The solution according to the invention is advantageously shown when the device for sliding temperature control of chemical substances at defined input and output temperatures has a heater in which brought the medium in the device in a supercritical temperature range to the exit from the heater in a defined temperature level for the following Steps is added and the medium is placed on the heater by means of the Anfahranordnung in a circular, closed startup process with increasing temperature and capacity, which is set and maintained by maintaining a predetermined pressure until leaving the heater. An advantageous overview of the embodiment of the invention provide the features of the sliding tempering, which is carried out with the following process steps:

Fill the heater

Producing a gas cushion in a surge tank of the starting arrangement for

Achieving the required process pressure

Close the valves in the inlet and outlet of the device Circulation for treating the chemical substances with the connection of the

Starting arrangement of the device in a continuous cycle process, start the

Heat input through the heater

Feeding the chemical substances into the subsequent processing areas below

Switching off the starting process and the associated invention

Anfahranordnung

Maintaining a continuous operation of the device by supplying the chemical

Substances from the chemical tank of the device via the heater in the subsequent work area.

The invention is advantageously designed and continued when the heater and the Anfahranordnung is filled with gas which passes through the filled chemical substances in an expansion vessel of the Anfahranordnung and these pressurized until the heater and the device are completely filled. A further embodiment is to be seen in that with repeated circulation of the chemical substances in the device, with the heater while maintaining a required level for the device, the operational readiness is established and the arranged after the chemical tank feed pump of the device is turned off, in an advantageous continuation the invention over the generation of a pressure pad with an inert gas, the chemical substance in the device in the range of a critical pressure out, adjusted and obtained. The inventive method is also advantageous if, while maintaining the circulating flow of the chemical substance on the device added and switched start-up of the burner of the heater started, the chemical substance tempered and by means of a steady heat exchange between a cooler and the chemical substance to Adjusting a temperature equilibrium of the radiator and the total heat output adjusted and collected via the expansion tank, the increased volume of the chemical substance, the pressure to be defined by adjusting the Gasposters balanced and the operating condition of the device is maintained. A further advantageous embodiment of the solution according to the invention is seen in that upon reaching the required temperature and the pressure in the heater, the heated chemical substance displaced by deliberate coincidences of low tempered chemical substance and supplied during the transition from the heater, wherein the exit temperature by means of injection cooling in the chemical substance subjected to a fine adjustment and their temperature supernatant returned to the normal regime and the continuous flow of the chemical substance for a uniform run is set with switching off the starting arrangement. The invention is also formed when the discharge amount of the chemical substance is set in a defined ratio to the required operating pressure and kept constant by controlling the heat input, the temperature and the pressure of the device and is led to full load, with temperature variations by supplying low-temperature balanced with chemical substances. The invention is characterized in an embodiment that are provided as the inlet temperature of the chemical substance in the overall device 10 to 30 ⁰ C, preferably 20 ⁰ C and provided in continuation of the invention, the exit temperature of a chemical substance to 610 ⁰ C, preferably 550 to 600 ⁰ C. is. In a further embodiment of the invention, the pressure of the device is also considered to be set with supercritical parameters. The invention is advantageously further, when the operating pressure of the device is set to a supercritical pressure of, for example, 35 to 40 bar. The invention is indicated advantageous if, for adjusting the defined pressure in the starting arrangement of the device, a gas cushion in the expansion vessel of the starting arrangement is achieved by feeding in inert gas. The solution according to the invention is thus advantageously satisfied that the starting process of the entire device via a bridging line, designed as starting arrangement, between the supply and discharge lines of the arranged starting arrangement in a cyclically repeated cycle through the heater, which is terminated when the defined temperature and the Operating pressure of the device have been achieved. It is a useful embodiment of the solution according to the invention that the starting arrangement as bridging between the supply line before the heater and the derivative behind the heater in the device arranged with functional units, such as a surge tank, a cooler and a circulation pump equipped. The reading expert recognizes that the invention is also filled when the cooler is operated with different media, such as optional water or air.

It is a further embodiment of the solution according to the invention that the sliding temperature control is initiated in the starting process in a starting arrangement connected between inlet and outlet of the heater, in which by repeated passage of the heater and the arrangement, the sliding temperature of the chemical substance with locked to - And derivation is made and the chemical substance in the flow direction of the starting process, coming from the heater, fed to a cooler, cooled therein and tempered, passing a shut-off valve, an expansion vessel flows in which introduced the substance for a volume and pressure equalization, in In cooperation with a connection to the main line, a volume balance of the chemical substance is established between the expansion vessel and the main line behind the heater in the starting arrangement, and at the same time the chemical substance of the supplying main line in front of the heater in the A approach process flows. It is a useful embodiment of the solution according to the invention that the chemical substance flows in the cooled state of the shut-off valve and moved by a circulation pump, is held in opposite directions flowing between the main line and the heat expansion vessel, the tempered chemical substance coming from the heater, directly a cooler is supplied and cooled the expansion vessel, producing a volume and pressure equalization, the circuit of the starting process is supplied again. It is an advantageous embodiment of the solution according to the invention that the material stream to be tempered is formed from chemical substances having vaporizable properties.

A further embodiment of the invention is obtained in that the material stream to be tempered is formed from chemical substances having vaporizable properties and substance mixtures consisting thereof. It is an advantageous embodiment of the solution according to the invention that vaporizable chemical substances or corresponding mixtures thereof, including protective mixtures, which are in particular starting materials for chemical processes, are used by the application of the method according to the invention. Examples include: hydrogen, oxygen, ozone, nitrogen, halogens, noble gases, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen halides such as HCl, water, ammonia, synthesis gas, natural gas, hydrocarbons such as Cl-C16 alkanes, for example methane, Propane, butane, isooctanes, in particular hydrocarbon cuts from petroleum treatment, halogenated hydrocarbons such as methyl chloride, methyl dichloride, vinyl chloride, carbon tetrachloride, olefins such as ethylene, propylene, butenes, alkynes such as acetylene, aromatics, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n- and i - propanol, n-, i- and t-butanol, polyalcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, acid amides, amino acids, amines, ethers, such as dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, methyl t-butyl ether, ethyl t-butyl ether, esters, sulfur compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide, organosulfur compounds, organophosphorus compounds, organometallic compounds, germanes, silanes, especially organosilanes or chlorosilanes and siloxane e, for example, but not limited to, hexamethyldisiloxane, tetramethylsilane, trimethylchlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, methyltrichlorosilane, chloromethyldimethylchlorosilane, chloromethyltrichlorosilane, 2-chloroethyltrichlorosilane, 3-chloropropyltrichlorosilane, 3-chloro-2-methyl-propyltrichlorosilane, polychlorosilanes, polysilanes, monosilane, monochlorosilane, dichlorosilane, Trichlorosilane, tetrachlorosilane, to name just a few examples, or mixtures of two or more of the aforementioned substances.

The solution according to the invention is further fulfilled in a device for tempering a chemical substance with defined inlet and outlet temperatures by means of a heater, which is connected to a chemical tank via a first line for feeding and a second main line for discharging the substance in a follow-up operation and of the second line to the first main line a start-up arrangement is provided for starting the device, which is a sliding temperature control over a circulating chemical substance through the heater with the second main line closed fitting and inflow of a chemical substance via the open valve of Anfahrordnung, which is a cooler which is followed by a shut-off valve, which feeds the chemical substance of a pump, which supplies this to a valve, via which in an open position, the chemical substance in the part of the first conduit, returning to the heater in which it reaches an increasing temperature exposed, the main line repeatedly flows around and when setting the defined outlet temperature and the set defined pressure with open fittings of the lines of the main process and closed valves of the starting arrangement under elimination of the Anfahranordnung on the second main line a transition is performed.

The invention is further embodied by the fact that the Anfahranordnung is switched on for sliding tempering in the startup process and has an input fitting in the region of the second main line, which is connected to an expansion vessel, which brings with a cooler in an operative connection the chemical substance to a circulating pump which guides it via a fitting into the part of the pipeline of the first main line connected to the heater, and the circuit in the arrangement is continued until the defined operating parameters of the device are reached.

A special embodiment of the invention with the fact that the chemical substance flows into the Anfahranordnung through the open valve in the filled with inert gas expansion vessel in which a gas cushion of the defined pressure of the chemical substance is adjusted continuously and gradually and then passes to the air cooler, which is kept in operation until a gradual low heat input in the device a steady state and equilibrium state has occurred, wherein the circulation pump feeds the chemical substance via the open valve in the leading to the heater supply line. A preferred embodiment according to the invention is that in the starting arrangement for starting the device a sliding tempering takes place by a circular circulation of the substance stream through the heater. The starting process is carried out with the valve closed, the supply and discharge line. From the heater, the chemical substance flows through a supply line directly into a cooler, which is located immediately after the heater. Via a shut-off valve, the substance flow arrives at a pump that opens it another line section of the first main line feeds and can flow over an ascending line part in an expansion vessel, which produces a pressure and volume compensation of the starting arrangement. Between the expansion vessel and the laxative main conduit part, a further conduit is provided, which establishes a pressure equalization between the expansion vessel and the laxative part of the main conduit. The arranged between the expansion vessel and the main line part line establishes a lockable connection with the main line. Another line with a fitting is provided to lead inert gas in the expansion vessel can. In a further embodiment of the invention, in the cycle of the starting process, the chemical substance coming from the heater passes into the cooler and a downstream fitting and arrives via a further line through a circulating pump to the feeding part of the main line.

The inventive solution according to the method has the advantage that the chemical substance reduces the apperativen effort for the Anfahranordnung and increases its reliability because it is now supplied cooled via the circulation pump to the expansion tank and ensures its reliability.

A further embodiment of the invention receives the fact that the heater is formed from a hermetically sealed, pressure-resistant body, in whose combustion chamber the flame of a burner protrudes, wherein the walls of the combustion chamber is filled with axially and radially directed, multi-stage heater tubes, which are interconnected flowed through by the chemical substance and are heated with a repeatedly changing its direction flue gas stream, wherein in the radially outer heater tubes each highest temperature level is reached.

The invention is advantageously continued when a defined temperature in the heater is set by the heating with the use of waste heat from an upstream process. The inventive solution ensures in devices for tempering chemical substances of different sizes an extremely economical startup of the device by the classification of the Anfahranordnung in the overall device. The starting arrangement ensures that the starting process for tempering the device after infestation all aggregates of the device including the Anfahranordnung by a circular circulation of the chemical substance via the Anfahranordnung and the heater is carried out slidably until reaching the temperature defined for the regime. The circular circulation of the chemical substance is performed when the supply and discharge lines of the main lines are blocked. The previously necessary, disadvantageous step-like raising of the temperature in devices of this type until reaching the temperature necessary for the process is eliminated. By the circling of the chemical substance by the heater and the Anfahranordnung not only a sliding temperature control can be performed, but at the same time each desired pressure level can be set until reaching a supercritical pressure in the startup process.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment.

In the accompanying drawing show:

Fig.l: The device in a schematic representation with enclosed start-up arrangement

Fig. 2: The arrangement of Fig. 1 in a isolated representation

Fig. 3: Another embodiment of the starting arrangement

4 shows a variant embodiment of the starting arrangement according to FIG. 3

Fig. 5: The heater of Fig.l in a schematic representation enlarged in a side view in section

With reference to Figures 1, 2 and 5, the method will be explained in its steps according to the execution. Step 1: Fill the heater 4; First, the entire heater including the entire supply and Abfuhrungsleitungen, including the Anfahranordnung, filled with an inert gas and rinsed intensively. The vent valves to the expansion tank 8 are dosed open and the sampling valve 6 remains closed. Thereafter, the chemical substance is pumped into the heater 4 and in the cooler 9, wherein the inert gas is displaced into the surge tank 8. The heater 4 and the radiator 9 are filled to a required level in the expansion tank 8 and the feed pump 2 is turned off.

Step 2: circulating the chemical substance; to ensure that the inert gas is displaced from all piping and sub-assemblies including the heater 4 of the device 0 and the radiator 9 in the surge tank 8, the circulation pump 10 is turned on and the chemical substance is pumped in a circle. Thereafter, the vent valves of the expansion tank 8 are closed and continue the flushing process with closed valves. If the level in the expansion tank has dropped significantly in the course of the process, the missing quantity must be fed back to the required level by means of the feed pump 2.

Step 3: Applying an inert gas cushion to the surge tank; If the chemical substance is completely filled in device 0, the pressure in the device automatically increases. However, the pressure thus achieved is still far below a pressure required in the process management critical pressure. By building a pressure pad on the addition of inert gas under pressure in the expansion vessel, the pressure is adjusted to the required level above the critical pressure of the chemical substance in the heater system.

Step 4: Start the heat input; the circulation pump 10 remains in operation during the starting process. After flushing the combustion chamber 19 of the heater 4, the burner 5 is started or switched on when using waste heat, the waste heat source. This process is started with minimal heat output of the heater 4. The low-temperature substance is heated continuously and steadily in the heater 4, wherein the material of the total supply and Discharges including the faucets and radiator 12 are to be heated continuously. The temperature of the chemical substance is not cooled by a cooling medium back to the inlet temperature of the chemical substance, wherein the temperature at the inlet of the heater 4 increases. This process is continued at low heat input until a steady state has occurred in the device, the cooling capacity of the radiator 9 corresponds to the set power of the heater 4. By adjusting the amount of circulation, the required temperature at the outlet of the heater 4 can now be set. During the course of the starting process, the heated chemical substance expands and the expansion tank 8 takes up the increased volume. The pressure in the expansion tank 8 increases and its outlet valve 15 is opened so far that the pressure of the inert gas cushion is reduced and at the same time the defined operating pressure is maintained.

Step 5: Feeding the heated chemical substance into the reactor; If the temperature and the pressure of the chemical substance are constant with minimal heat input, the process has progressed so far that it is possible to feed the sufficiently tempered chemical substance into the subsequent process 14. Since the device now moves in the steady state, the tempered chemical substance can be introduced into the subsequent process 14 at any given time. In order to limit strong temperature changes at the inlet of the heater 4, the feed pump 2 still promotes a small amount of low-temperature chemical substance during the operation of the circulation pump 10. The pressure in the heater 4 thus increases by this addition and the outlet valve 13 opens automatically to maintain the operating pressure. To compensate, the circulating pump 10 is throttled slowly to regulate the outlet temperature and the feed pump 2 delivers cold chemical substance according to the demand, which leaves the heater 4 with defined outlet temperatures. The outlet temperature is controlled with minimal heat input by an installed parallel to the heater 4 injection cooler 12 in small steps, adapting. In the course of the process, a subset of the chemical substance to be tempered is branched off at the heater 4 and introduced at a lower temperature position back into the main line 17, 17 'with pressure. With increasing size of the entry from the chemical tank 1, the circulation pump 10 is throttled more and more and then turned off. Now the feed pump 2 takes over the complete supply to the heater 4, so that a continuous flow of material is provided by the heater 4 with minimal thermal heat input.

Step 6: Management of the device in normal operation; in the transition from the minimum power of the starting operation to full load operation, the regulation of the device changes. The required pressure level at the outlet of the heating system 4 is maintained by the opening and closing of the outlet valve of the shut-off device 13 for the main process to the subsequent process 14. The temperature is maintained by switching off the circulating pump 10 by controlling the heat input in a first stage at the required temperature. With increasing heat input and corresponding delivery rate of the feed pump 2, the heater power increases to full load. When exceeding the temperature fluctuations with the regulation of the heat input above a normal level, the temperatures are through the installed injection cooler 12, d. H. by pressing chemical substance at a much lower temperature than the outlet temperature, finely adjusted.

Step 7: Shut down the heater; By throttling the feed pump 2, the thermal entry is automatically controlled by a temperature sensor at the outlet of the heater 4. Upon reaching the minimum load, the circulation pump 10 is put into operation and kept the temperature by controlling the circulation rate. The feed pump 2 is turned off and the shut-off valve 13 for the main process automatically closes when falling below the defined pressure. For a brief interruption, the temperature can be maintained by controlling the amount of circulation in the heater 4 with minimum power. For a longer shutdown of the subsequent process at the transition 14, the heater 4 must also be shut down completely. This stops the heat input. The circulation pump 10 continues to operate until the cooler 9 has cooled the chemical substance to the standstill temperature. To carry out the method, the device O receives the following structure. The device 0 has a chemical tank 1 in which the chemical substance is contained and is sufficiently dimensioned so that a safe loading of the entire device can take place. A feed pump 2 connected to the chemical tank 1 serves to increase the pressure on the process pressure and the conveyance of the chemical substance into the heater 4. In this process, the chemical substance must pass the shut-off valve 3 for the main process as well as for the starting circuit, which also for the complete shutdown of the device 0 when using the assembly 18 is responsible for the startup process. The construction of the plant is mainly dependent on the size of the plant, where horizontal and vertical boilers with wound and transverse or longitudinally heated heating surfaces can be used. The chemical substance can be heated by means of different burner systems in the burner 4, with a flame radiation and / or convection of the flue gases is assigned a special meaning. The burner 5 is to be measured in the process regime, a broad control range. The person reading in the art recognizes that, as an alternative to the arrangement of the burner, heat can also be applied via waste heat processes, ie also a convective heat transfer. As shown in FIG. 3, the flue gases of the burner flow around the heater tubes 20 while the chemical substance flows through them. When the chemical substance exits the heater 4 at a controlled temperature, it is prevented by a shut-off valve 6 from entering the subsequent process 14. During the starting process, the preheated substance flows through the shut-off valve 7 of the starting arrangement 18. The valve 7 is open only during the start-up process and closed during normal operation. The expansion vessel 8 is used only for starting the heater and is completely filled at the beginning of the process with an inert gas, which is compressed during the filling of the chemical substance in the device and increased in its pressure. As previously shown separately, the existing pressure is still far below the necessary critical pressure. By additionally supplying gas, the required pressure is set above a critical pressure in the device. During the starting process, the chemical substance expands, wherein the expansion tank 8 receives the increased volume of the chemical substance. The pressure of the inert gas cushion rises in the expansion vessel 8 and the installed outlet valve 15 becomes Pressure regulation opened accordingly. The following cooler 9 for the chemical substance serves to reduce the temperature of the substance, which is adapted to the function of the subsequent circulating pump 10. The cooling of the chemical substance can by means of different heat transfer, z. As air or water. The circulating pump 10 installed in the arrangement for the start-up process 18 must work absolutely drip-free and hermetically sealed. To avoid accidental damage corresponding shut-off valves 11 are provided. When the required temperature is reached, the shut-off valves 3, 6 are closed or dosed in the main circuit. As a result, the arrangement for the startup process from normal operation is completed. On the main line 17, 17 'follows after the shut-off valve 6, an injection cooler 12, which carries in case of load fluctuations induced temperature deviations in the main mass flow by injecting similar chemical substances for a cooling of the existing substance to the required outlet temperature concern. The substance to be injected is selected according to the thermal load capacity of the injection fitting. Behind the injection cooler 12, the classification of safety devices and control valves is freely chosen construction designs to counteract a pressure drop in the device. The shut-off valve 13 in the main line 17, 17 'is used for safe separation of the heater circuit from the subsequent process at the transition 14. Fig. 3 presents a varied Figuration the Anfahranordnung 18, which can be used according to the invention in compliance with the method steps shown above, according to the the chemical substance via the strand 16 of the supply line 16; 16 'in the direction of the arrow 28 flows to the heater 4, in which it is appropriately tempered via the burner 5. It flows leaving the heater 4, via the strand 17 of the main line 17; 17 'with the valve closed 6 a line 22 and then enters the radiator 9. The reader reading that recognizes that the fitting 6 has been arranged in the line 17', to counteract an unforeseen return of the chemical substance. For the basic function of the varied Figuration the Anfahranordnung the classification of the fitting 6 is not required and does not affect the operation of the assembly 18. Arranged by a fitting 11 on the line 22 ', the substance flows through the wiring harness 27 of the line 27; moved by a circulating pump 10, again the strand 16 'of the main line 16; 16 'and from there, in the cycle of the starting process, for temperature control again in the heater 4. The ascending part 27' of the line 27, 27 'is connected to the expansion vessel 8, that can be acted upon by a line 15, with nitrogen , which can get over the line 25 in the line part 17 for discharge. By supplying the cooled chemical substance in the expansion vessel 8 on the one hand, the thermal stress of the expansion vessel 8 is mitigated and further improves its functional properties and improves the supply and removal of necessary for a volume and pressure equalization inert gas in the context. The arrows 28 show the respective direction of flow of the chemical substance in the circuit of the starting arrangement 18.

Fig. 4 illustrates an embodiment of the arrangement for the starting process. In this case, according to the execution of the circulating pump 10, the valve 11, on the wiring harness 22 'immediately downstream and can thus lead the chemical substance in a divided, uniform pressure simultaneously in the line part 27' and in the laxative line part 27 of the Anfahrkreislaufes, from which they over the wiring harness 16 'can get back into the heater 4.

List of used reference numbers

0 setup

1 chemical tank

2 feed pump

3; 6; 13 Shut-off valve for main process

4 heaters

5 burners

7; 11; 11 ^' Shut-off valve for starting circuit

8 expansion vessel

9 coolers; f. chemicals

10 circulation pump

12 injection coolers with control valve

14 transition

15 Valve for expansion vessel

16; 16 'line

17; 17 'main line

18 Arrangement for starting process

19 firebox

20 heater tubes

21 flue gas flow

22, 22 ', 27, 27' line

23; 26 fitting

24 Cooling medium for the radiator

25 line

28 direction arrows for flow direction

Claims

claims

1. A method for the sliding temperature control of a stream of chemical substances with defined input and discharge temperatures in a heater, which are held in a certain defined pressure range, are guided by the heater, characterized in that the sliding temperature control in a starting process in a, between the Zu - And derivation of the heater switched start-up arrangement is initiated in which by repeated passage of the heater and the arrangement, the sliding temperature of the chemical substances in blocked supply and discharge is made until the defined temperature and the predetermined pressure are reached and when setting the defined Pressure and temperature conditions of the starting process set and by blocking the Anfahranordnung a direct passage through the heater from the supply line to the derivative is made.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the starting arrangement as bridging between the supply line before the heater and the derivative behind the heater in the device arranged with functional units, such as a surge tank, an air cooler and a circulation pump is equipped.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, for the sliding temperature control of a stream of chemical substances with defined input and discharge temperatures, a device is provided which has a heater and brought the chemical substance in the device in a supercritical pressure range until the exit is transferred from the heater in a defined temperature range for the subsequent steps and the chemical substance is transferred by passing the heater by means of the Anfahranordnung in a circular start-up process with increasing temperature and capacity, adjusted while maintaining a constant pressure and until it leaves the heater is obtained.

4. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the sliding tempering is carried out with the following method steps:

- Fill the heater

- Manufacture of a gas cushion in a surge tank of the starting arrangement to achieve the necessary process pressure

- Close the valves in the inlet and outlet

- Circulating to treat the chemical substances with the connection of the starting arrangement in a steady process and starting and continuing the heat input

- Feed the chemical substance in the subsequent processing area with elimination of the startup process

- Maintaining a continuous operation by means of a supply of the material flow from the chemical tank via the heater in the subsequent work area

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the heater and the Anfahranordnung is filled with gas, which passes through the filled material flow in the expansion vessel and this is pressurized until the heater and the device are completely filled.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, prepared by means of multiple circulation of the chemical substance in the device with the heater, while maintaining a required level for the device, the operational readiness and arranged after the chemical tank feed pump is turned off.

7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, via the generation of a pressure pad with an inert gas, the pressure of the chemical substance in the range of a critical pressure is adjusted and obtained.

8. The method according to at least one of claims 1, 2 and 3 characterized in that, to be tempered stream of chemical substances is formed with vaporizable properties.

9. The method according to at least one of claims 1 and 3 characterized in that, to be tempered stream of chemical substances having vaporizable properties and mixtures of substances consisting thereof is formed.

10. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, while maintaining the circular flow of the medium on the device adjunct the Anfahranordnung, the burner of the heater started, tempered the flow of the substance and by means of a steady heat exchange between a cooler and the chemical substance to Achieve set a temperature equilibrium of the radiator and the heater power and collected via the expansion tank, the increased volume, the pressure to be defined by adjusting the gas cushion balanced and the operating state of the device is set.

11. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, upon reaching the required temperature and the pressure in the heater, the heated chemical substance displaced by deliberate coincidences of low tempered chemical substance and the transition from the heater is supplied, wherein the outlet temperature by means of an injection cooling in the Material flow subjected to a fine control and their temperature supernatant returned to the normal regime and the continuous flow of the substance is adjusted for a uniform passage with elimination of the Anfahranordnung.

12. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, in full load operation, the discharge amount of the substance is set in a defined ratio to the required operating pressure and kept constant by controlling the heat input, the temperature and pressure of the device and is led to full load, wherein Temperature fluctuations are compensated by supplying low-temperature chemical substances.

13. A method for the sliding temperature control of a stream of chemical substances having defined input and discharge temperatures in a heater, which are held in a certain pressure range, are guided by the heater, according to claim 1, characterized in that the sliding temperature control in the starting process in a between the Introduced to inlet and outlet of the heater start-up arrangement is initiated, in which by repeated passage of the heater and the arrangement, the sliding temperature of the chemical substance is made with locked supply and discharge, the chemical substance in the flow direction of the starting process coming from the heater, a Cooler fed, cooled therein and tempered a shut-off fitting passing, an expansion vessel flows in which introduced the substance for a volume and pressure equalization of the Anfahranordnung, in cooperation with a connection to the main line at a tie the chemical n substance in the starting arrangement of the starting process is continued.

14. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the chemical substance coming from the heater is fed directly to a cooler and cooled an expansion vessel for a volume and pressure equalization and at the same time the cycle of Anfahrpozesses is supplied.

15. The method according to at least one of claims 1 and 3, characterized in that are provided as the inlet temperature of the chemical substance in the system of the device 20 ⁰ C.

16. The method according to at least one of claims 1 and 3, characterized in that are provided as exit temperature of the chemical substance from the device 600 ⁰ C.

17. The method according to at least one of claims 3, 13 and 14 characterized in that; the pressure range is set in the device with supercritical parameters.

18. The method according to at least one of claims 1 and 3 characterized in that, the operating pressure of the device including the heater is set to 40 bar.

19. The method according to at least one of claims 1, 3 and 7, characterized in that, the setting of the defined pressure in the starting arrangement of the device via a gas cushion in the expansion vessel of the starting arrangement by means of supply of inert gas is made.

20. The method according to at least one of claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the starting process takes place via the arranged in the form of a bridging line between the supply and discharge lines starting arrangement in a cyclic cycle through the heater, which is terminated when the defined temperature and the required operating pressure of the device has been achieved.

21. Device (0) for the sliding temperature control of chemical substances with defined inlet and outlet temperatures by means of a heater (4) connected to a chemical tank (1) via a line (16, 16 ') for feeding and via a main line (17, 17 ') for discharging the substance in a subsequent process (14) is connected and between the line (16) and the main line (17; 17') a starting arrangement (18) for starting the device (0) is provided, by which a sliding temperature via a circulating circulation of the substance flow through the heater (4) with the fitting (6) closed and inflow of the chemical substance via an open valve (7), which is followed by a cooler (9) followed by a shut-off valve (11 '), which supplies the flowing stream of material to a pump (10) which supplies the chemical substance to a fitting (11) through which, in an open position, the stream of substance passes into the part (16 ') of the line (16; 16') it flows to the heater (4), in which it is exposed to an increasing temperature, the main line (17; 17 ') repeatedly circling flows in and when setting the defined outlet temperature and the set defined pressure at open valves (6; 3) and closed fittings (7; 11) to eliminate the Anfahranordnung (18) via the main line (17, 17 ') a transition (14) flows ,

22. Device according to claim 19, characterized in that the starting arrangement (18) for sliding temperature control in the starting process is switched on and has an inlet fitting (7) in the region of the main line (17), which is connected to an expansion vessel (8) with bringing the chemical substance into a circulation pump (10), which directs the material flow via a fitting (11) into the part (16 ') of the pipeline (16; 16') connected to the heater (4). ) and the circuit in the arrangement (18) is continued until the defined operating parameters of the device have been reached.

23. Device according to claim 19, characterized in that the flow of material into the starting arrangement (18) flows through the opened fitting (7) into the inert gas-filled expansion vessel (8), in which via a gas cushion the defined pressure of the chemical substance continuously, stepwise is set and then passes to an air cooler (9), which is kept in operation until a gradual low heat input in the device a steady state and equilibrium state has occurred, wherein the circulation pump (10) the chemical substance through the open valve (11 ) into the line (16 ') feeds.

24. Device (0) for the sliding temperature control of chemical substances with defined inlet and outlet temperatures in a heater, which are kept in a certain pressure range passed through the heater, characterized in that a starting arrangement (18) for starting the device (0) is provided, by means of which a sliding temperature control via a circulating circulation of the substance flow through the heater (4) with open armature (6) and inflow of the chemical substance via a line (22), in which a cooler (9) is arranged, the a shut-off valve (11) follows, which supplies the flowing substance stream to a pump (10) which is inserted on the line section (27) of the line (27; 27 ') which moves the substance via the line (27') the substance stream into the part (16) of the line (16; 16 ') leads, wherein on the conduit part (27') an expansion vessel (8) is provided with which a volume and pressure equalization of the starting arrangement (18) and via the line (25) with the valve (26 ) shut-off connection with the main line (17) for the inert gas for volume and pressure equalization from the expansion vessel (8) is provided with a supply line (15) with a valve (23) for supplying the gas for pressure regulation in the expansion vessel ( 8) and the entire system of the start-up process, wherein the chemical substance with controlled pressure and temperature flows back to the heater (4), in which they exposed to an increasing temperature, the main line (17; 17 ') repeatedly circle when the defined outlet temperature is reached and at the set volume and pressure with the valve (11) open, the main line (16 ') is switched off, bypassing the starting arrangement (18) via the main line (17; 17 ') flows to a consumer.

25. Device according to claim 22, characterized in that, in the cycle of

Start-up arrangement in the heater (4) tempered, chemical substance flows into the cooler (9) and cooled from there to the expansion vessel (8) is fed, which is immediately downstream of the cooler (9) on the cooled portion of the Anfahrkreislaufes.

26. Device according to claim 22, characterized in that the pump (10) is arranged on the line part (27) of the line (27; 27 ') and introduces the chemical substance into the main line (16').

27. Device according to claim 22, characterized in that, the pump (10) on the line (22 ') is arranged downstream of the radiator (9) in the flow direction of the starting circuit.

28. Device according to claim 19, characterized in that the heater (4) is formed from a hermetically sealed, pressure-resistant body in whose combustion chamber (19) the flame of a burner (5) protrudes, wherein the walls of the combustion chamber (19) with axial and radially directed, multi-stage arranged Erhitzerrohren (20) are filled, the interconnected run through the chemical substance and are heated with a multiple its direction changing flue gas stream (21), wherein in the radially outer heater tubes (20) reaches the highest temperature level is.

29. A device according to claim 19 or 21, characterized in that, a defined temperature in the heater (4) is set by the input of waste heat from an upstream process.