EP2131130A1 - Kiln dumper, kiln assembly with same - Google Patents

Abstract

The kiln dumper (10) has a drive linkage (20) for lifting and lowering the kiln dumper, where a drive linkage is firmly connected with a horizontal supporting structure (30), on which a downward aligned slide plate is fastened. The multiple downward aligned slide plate segments (40 to 40n) made of metal are fastened on the supporting structure in two horizontal rows. The two rows of slide plate segments run side by side. A heat insulating body is arranged between the two rows slide plate segments. An independent claim is included for a furnace plant for thermal treatment of work pieces.

Description

The invention relates to a furnace pusher with at least one drive rod for raising and lowering the furnace pusher, wherein the drive rod is fixedly connected to a horizontally extending support structure to which at least one downwardly directed slide plate is attached.

The invention further relates to a furnace for the heat treatment of workpieces with at least one loading and / or removal opening and such a furnace pusher.

In the field of heat treatment of workpieces, it is known to use continuous furnaces through which workpieces are usually moved by means of a transport device in order to heat them as they pass through the furnace. A transport device may be, for example, a circulating conveyor belt on which workpieces are deposited and transported through the furnace. Usually, such a heat treatment furnace provides a loading and a removal opening, which is closable with a movable oven slide. For example, the furnace pusher may be made vertically movable so that the furnace may be charged when the furnace lager is in an upper position while the charging port is closed when the furnace pusher is moved down. Even designs in which two separate Ofenschieberteile be moved horizontally to the left and right, are possible.

Such a furnace pusher can also be used at a removal opening or in the interior of a furnace, for example, to separate different temperature zones from each other. Even with heat treatment furnaces with only one opening, over the workpieces are loaded and removed again, such a furnace pusher can be used to temporarily cover this opening.

Such a furnace slide is designed so that it keeps the heat losses between the furnace interior and furnace outer space or between two temperature zones within a furnace as low as possible. If a protective gas atmosphere is used in an oven, the oven slide should be designed to be approximately gas-tight. In particular, a separating slide and the associated drive must be designed such that they can be moved several times per minute so that workpieces can be loaded or removed, for example, every 10-15 seconds. Furthermore, the furnace shifter between the furnace interior and the furnace exterior space should ensure thermal insulation, which can be done for example by the use of plates made of a refractory and heat-insulating material.

Although a furnace pusher consisting solely of a refractory material with low thermal conductivity could allow good thermal insulation, but would not be stable enough to be driven with a drive several times per minute, since such a material with low thermal conductivity is usually a porous Material with too low stability is. Therefore, to build a furnace pusher always one or more metal plates are required to which a drive device can attack.

However, the use of metallic materials has the disadvantage that they can distort at the prevailing temperature differences between the furnace interior and the furnace outer space of up to 1000 ° C. Since temperatures in the furnace interior can prevail around 1000 ° C, while the temperatures outside the furnace are much lower, form in the metal plates of a furnace slide strong temperature gradient, which leads in the long term to a disadvantageous deformation of the metal plates. Usually, the outer edges of a metal plate bend away from the oven opening, so that the edges of the oven opening are no longer reliably covered by the oven slide. This adverse effect is exacerbated by the repeated changes in temperature, which exposed the furnace pusher is when it is brought away from the hot oven opening and back to the oven opening, which in the long term also leads to a deformation of the furnace pusher. By such a deformation, a tight closing of the oven opening by the slider is no longer guaranteed after a certain number of operating hours, so that the slide must be replaced. Also, the drive device can be adversely affected by the deformation of the slide plate, because the oven slide, for example, can not be accurately moved in lateral guides.

Such a separating slide consisting of a slide plate and a slider housing is for example from the German Offenlegungsschrift DE 43 05 992 A1 known. In this case, a slide plate is floating between sealing strip held by an axial clearance in the direction of an axis perpendicular to the slide plate is possible between a drive rod and a slide plate.

The object of the invention is to provide a furnace pusher, which avoids the disadvantages mentioned and ensures a permanent and reliable operation of the furnace pusher. Also to be provided is a heat treatment furnace with such a furnace pusher.

According to the invention this object is achieved by a furnace pusher with the features of independent claim 1. Advantageous developments of the furnace slider according to the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims 2-11. The object is further achieved by a furnace according to claim 12.

The furnace pusher according to the invention comprises at least one drive rod for raising and lowering the furnace pusher, the drive rod being fixedly connected to a horizontally extending support structure to which at least one downwardly directed pusher plate is fastened. The support structure is preferably a round profile. According to the invention, a plurality of downwardly directed slide plate segments made of metal are attached to the support structure at least in two horizontally extending rows. In this case, the at least two rows of slide plate segments run side by side, and the slide plate segments of a row are each spaced laterally from each other. At least one slide plate segment has a holding device at its lower end, and at least one heat-insulating body is arranged between the at least two rows of slide plate segments. The heat-insulating body is held at least by said holding means between the rows of slide plate segments. In one embodiment of the invention, the slide plate segments of a row are further offset along the support structure from the slide plate segments of the second row.

Preferably, the opposite plate segments of the at least two rows of slide plate segments are each connected to each other with a plurality of connecting parts, wherein the connecting parts are movably mounted in the slide plate segments. These connecting parts may be, for example, pins with rounded end pieces, which are guided through openings in the slide plate segments, wherein the rounded end pieces are mounted in cup-shaped depressions in the outer surface of the slide plate segments. As rounded end pieces balls or cup-shaped perforated discs can be selected.

In one embodiment of the invention, at least one holding eye with a horizontally extending slot is mounted on the support structure, in which a stabilizing rod is movably inserted in the slot. Preferably, the drive rod is fixed in the middle of the support structure, while two stabilization rods are introduced into holding eyes, which are respectively arranged in the region of the two ends of the support structure.

Each slide plate segment preferably has at its lower end in each case a holding device. The holding device can be formed for example by a plate which is attached angularly at the end of a slide plate segment. In this case, the lengths of the slide plate segments of the two rows differ, so that a holding device of the first row of slide plate segments is arranged above a holding device of the second row of slide plate segments.

The holding device can also be formed by one or more rods, pins, plates or tubes which are angularly secured to the end of a slide plate segment. In this embodiment, a retainer of the first series of slide plate segments may engage the spaces between the retainer means of the second series of slide plate segments.

Also included in the invention is a furnace for the heat treatment of workpieces having at least one loading and / or unloading opening, which has a furnace pusher according to the invention.

An essential advantage of the invention is the provision of a furnace pusher which withstands any temperature stresses in the operation of furnaces for the heat treatment of workpieces. The occurring deformations of the metallic parts can be compensated by movable slide plate segments and connecting parts so that it hardly comes to long-term deformation of the overall structure. The heat-insulating body between the two rows of slide plate segments are also freely movable and can also not be damaged by occurring movements of components of the slider

Further advantages, features and expedient developments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the drawings.

From the pictures shows:

Fig. 1

a front view of an embodiment of the invention 4fenschiebers;

Fig. 2

Detail view of the holder of a stabilization bar in a front view;

Fig. 3

a detailed view of the holder of a stabilizing rod in a side view;

Fig. 4

a detail section through several plate segments;

Fig. 5

a cross section through a furnace pusher after FIG. 1 ;

Fig. 6

a detailed view of a connecting part between two slide plate segments; and

Fig. 7

a cross section through the embodiment of the FIG. 5 in which the position of the two rows of slide plate segments has changed in the operating state.

In Fig. 1 is a front view of an embodiment of the furnace pusher 10 according to the invention shown. The furnace pusher obscures in this orientation the opening of a heat treatment furnace, the components of the furnace are not shown.

The furnace pusher 10 has an elongate support structure 30, which can be formed, for example, from a rectangular profile or a round profile made of steel. Preferably, a round profile is selected. This support structure 30 extends substantially horizontally, wherein also minor deviations from the horizontal are included. Preferably, in the middle of the support structure, a drive rod 20 is attached to the support structure. The drive rod 20 serves to raise and lower the furnace pusher 10, wherein the required drive in Fig. 1 is not shown and may be carried out in a conventional manner, for example, hydraulically, pneumatically or electronically, as is known in the art. Preferably the drive rod 20 is not attached directly, but via a plate 21 on the support structure 30.

In addition to the drive rod 20, two stabilizing rods 82 and 83 are attached to the support structure 30 in the region of the two ends of the support structure 30. However, these stabilizing rods are not rigidly connected to the support structure 30, but movably mounted in two grommets 80 and 81. The eyelets may be, for example, two plates, in which two horizontally extending slots 84 and 85 are introduced. The ends of the stabilizing rods are hooked into the slots of the eyelets so that they can move in a horizontal displacement of the support structure 30 within the slots 84 and 85, without exerting a horizontal force on the support structure 30. This is in Fig. 2 in a detailed view of the holder of a stabilizing rod 82 in a front view and in Fig. 3 shown in a detailed view of the holder of the stabilizing rod 82 in a side view. For the side view in Fig. 3 a stabilizer bar 82 having a hook 86 thereon was chosen which is laterally open so that the stabilizer bar 82 can be hooked into and out of the slot 84. Alternatively, a laterally open slot can be provided, in which a stabilizing rod can be hooked with a ring. The open side of this slot can be closed after mounting the stabilizer bar. In addition, between the stabilizer bars 82 and 83 and the support structure 30, any other types of connection may be used which allow free movement of the support structure 30 in the horizontal.

The stabilizing rods 82 and 83 serve only the lateral stabilization of the support structure 30, so that the furnace pusher can not tilt due to its weight about an axis which is perpendicular to the point of application of the drive rod 20. It has proved to be advantageous that the lifting and lowering of the furnace pusher 10 takes place only at one point in the middle of the support structure 30, so that in a horizontal displacement of the support structure 30 due to high temperatures, no transverse forces are exerted on a plurality of drive rods.

In another embodiment of the invention, both the stabilizer bars 82 and 83 and the drive rod 20 may be movably mounted to the support structure 30. Although this leads to losses in stability, but this can be compensated by appropriate measures, for example, in the leadership of the furnace pusher in lateral guides.

Below the support structure 30, at least two rows of a plurality of slide plate segments 40... 40 ⁿ and 41... 41 ^{n are} attached to the support structure 30. The two rows are substantially parallel to each other, wherein also slight deviations from the parallelism are included. The furnace pusher 10 thus does not consist of a continuous plate, but of several segments, which in their entirety cover the opening of a furnace. The plate segments of each row are laterally spaced from each other, as it is the detail views in the FIGS. 2 and 4 can be seen in which this distance is marked with x. For example, between the adjacent plate segments there is a distance of x = 2-10mm, preferably of x = 5mm. This distance is used to compensate for the horizontal displacement of plate segments in temperature differences and temperature changes.

Preferably, the plate segments of the two rows of segments are arranged offset from one another, as shown in a detail section in FIG Fig. 4 is shown. If there is a distance x between two segments 41 ⁿ and 41 ^{n-1 of} one row, opposite this gap there is a plate segment 40 ^{n-1 of} the other row of plate segments, so that the plate segments in their entirety form a continuous oven slide plate. This respective opposite plate segment 40 ^n-1 need not be in the middle of the distance x, but such an arrangement is preferred. In order to allow this staggered construction, the width of the outer segment 40 "is halved with respect to the width of the remaining segments, as it is in Fig. 2 is shown.

The two mutually spaced rows of slide plate segments 40 ... 40 ⁿ and 41 ... 41 ⁿ can be seen from the section AA, the in Fig. 5 is shown. The respective plate segments 40 and 41 are preferably welded to the round profile of the support structure 30 and extend substantially parallel to each other down. The two plate segments 40 and 41 are connected in an embodiment of the invention by a plurality of connecting parts 70, 71 and 72 with each other. The connecting parts are movably mounted in the plate segments, so that they can change their position with a change in the distance and / or the orientation of the two plate segments 40 and 41 to each other. The connecting parts may, for example, be pins that are inserted through openings in the plate segments. The connecting parts are preferably arranged obliquely. In Fig. 5 the oven outside is on the left, while the hotter inside of the oven is on the right. It is in Fig. 5 However, the state of the furnace pusher, in which no distortion of components due to temperature differences has occurred. The connecting pins 70, 71 and 72 in this case slightly inclined to the left bottom, in order to compensate for the resulting in this arrangement deformation of the plate segments due to the temperature differences and changes can. The end of a respective connecting pin is thus preferably higher on the hotter side of the furnace pusher than on the colder furnace outside.

At the ends of the pins 70, 71 and 72 are rounded end pieces, for example in the form of balls or cup-shaped perforated discs. A detailed view of the storage of these rounded end pieces in the plates segments 40 and 41 is in Fig. 6 shown. In the illustrated embodiment punched perforated disks 73 and 74 were used as end pieces, which were welded to the ends of a pin 71. In the outer surface of the plate segments 40 and 41 are corresponding cup-shaped recesses 75 and 76, in which the end pieces 73 and 74 can move.

Between the two slide plate segments 40 and 41, one or more refractory heat insulating body 60 are arranged. Such a heat-insulating body can for example, consist of ceramic materials based on silicate and be solid or flexible. If a continuous heat-insulating body chosen to cover the entire height and width of the plate segments 40 and 41, this has in the areas of the connecting pins 70, 71 and 72 passages. If a plurality of heat-insulating body selected, they also have at the required positions passages for the connecting pins, or the individual heat-insulating body are arranged so that the connecting pins are in the spaces between the heat-insulating bodies.

At the lower end of at least one slide plate segment is a holding device to hold the one or more heat-insulating body between the two rows of slide plate segments. In the in Fig. 5 illustrated embodiment of the invention are mounted at the lower ends of two opposite plate segments 40 and 41 plates 50 and 51, which serve as a holding device. For this purpose, the plate segments 40 and 41 can be bent inwards, for example, or these plate parts are additionally welded on. Alternatively, any horizontally arranged components such as pins. Be provided bars, pipes or narrow rails that prevent falling of the heat insulation body. If such components are used as holding devices, they can intervene, for example, in the spaces between the components of the opposite slide plate segment.

Preferably, there is a holding device at the end of each slide plate segment. However, it can also be provided that only the Plattansegmente have a number of holding devices, or, for example, only every second pair of plates is bent down to the inside. By the choice of holding devices must only be ensured that the heat insulation body does not fall even with a movement of the slide plate segments due to temperature differences and changes. The number and design of the holding devices is suitably selectable by the person skilled in the art.

In Fig. 7 is the oven slide according to Fig. 5 shown in the operating state, in which the slider is exposed on the right side high temperatures of the furnace interior, while the much colder Ofenaußenraum is on the left side. In this condition, the hotter plattan segment 41 has extended downwardly in length due to its temperature deformation, while the corresponding longitudinal extent of the colder plate segment 40 is significantly less, so that the distance between the lower retainers 50 and 51 has increased. Due to the expansion of the hotter plate segment 41, the ends of the connecting pins 70, 71 and 72 lying therein have also moved downwards, so that these ends can now lie even below the ends on the colder side of the plate segment 40.

Any deformation of the plate segments can thus be compensated by the inventive design of the furnace slide. The connecting pins 70, 71 and 72 can move freely with their rounded end pieces in the recesses in the plate segments and length and position of the pins are chosen so that the distance between the rows of slide plate segments and the orientation of opposite plate segments to a predetermined Can zoom in and out. In each case two possible positions of the connecting pins 70, 71 and 72 are in Fig. 7 shown with solid and broken lines. This results in the relative movements of the right pin ends of Δ1, Δ2 and Δ3. Since the plate segments are spaced laterally from each other, also deformations and associated movements along the support structure 30 can be compensated without there being increased stresses within the furnace slide.

The heat-insulating bodies can also move freely between the two rows of slide-plate segments, since they are not fixed to the plate segments, but are only prevented from falling down by the holding devices 50 and 51. Also, the drive is not exposed to stress due to deformation of the furnace pusher, since it acts only on the drive rod 20 in the middle of the support structure 30 and a horizontal displacement of the support structure 30 through the movably mounted stabilizing rods 82 and 83 can be compensated.

The described furnace pusher 10 may be mounted in front of one or more openings of a furnace so as to obscure the respective opening when the pusher is in a lower position. To release the opening, the slider is moved with the drive rod 20 upwards. On the sides of the furnace slide guides and / or suitable seals may be provided. With the oven slide according to the invention, it is possible to achieve durably cycle times of, for example, 6 opening operations per minute, without the oven slide 10 being damaged in the process.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

oven slide

20

drive rod

21

plate

30

Support structure, round profile

40 ... 4 ⁿ , 41 ... 41 ⁿ

Slide plate segment

50, 51

holder

60

heat insulation body

70, 71, 72

Connector, pin

73, 74

Tail, perforated disc

75, 76

deepening

80, 81

retaining eye

82, 83

stabilizer bar

84, 85

Long hole

86

hook

Claims (12)

A furnace pusher (10) comprising at least one drive rod (20) for raising and lowering the furnace pusher (10), the drive rod (20) being fixedly connected to a horizontally extending support structure (30) to which at least one downwardly directed pusher plate is attached .
characterized,
a plurality of downwardly directed slide plate segments (40 ... 40 ⁿ ; 41 ... 41 ⁿ ) are fastened to the support structure (30) at least in two horizontally extending rows, wherein the at least two rows of slide plate segments (40 ... 40 ⁿ ; 40 ⁿ , 41 ... 41 ⁿ ) run side by side, and the slide plate segments (40 ... 40 ⁿ ; 41 ... 41 ⁿ ) of a row are each laterally spaced from each other, and that at least one slide plate segment at its lower end a holding device (50; 51), and that between the at least two rows of slide plate segments (40 ... 40 ⁿ ; 41 ... 41 ⁿ ) at least one heat-insulating body (60) is arranged, wherein the heat-insulating body (60) at least by the holding device is maintained (50;; 51) between the rows of pusher plate segments (41 ⁿ 41 ... 40 ... 40 ^n). Furnace slide according to claim 1,
characterized,
in that the opposing slide plate segments (40 ... 40 ⁿ ; 41 ... 41 ⁿ ) of the at least two rows of slide plate segments are each connected to a plurality of connecting parts (70; 71; 72), wherein the connecting parts (70; 71; 72) movably in the slide plate segments (40 ... 40 ⁿ 41 ... 41 ⁿ ) are stored. Oven slide according to claim 2,
characterized,
in that the connecting parts (70; 71; 72) are pins with rounded end pieces (73; 74) which are guided through openings in the slide plate segments (40 ... 40 ⁿ ; 41 ... 41 ⁿ ), the rounded end pieces (73; 73; 74) are supported in cup-shaped depressions (75; 76) in the outer surface of the slide plate segments (40 ... 40 ⁿ ; 41 ... 41 ⁿ ). Oven slide according to claim 3,
characterized,
that the rounded end pieces (73; 74) are balls or cup-shaped perforated discs. Oven slide according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized,
that on the support structure (20) at least one grommet (80; 81) having a horizontally extending elongated hole (84; 85) is mounted in which a stabilizer bar (82; 83) in the slot (84; 85) is fitted movably. Oven slide according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized,
that the supporting structure (30) is a round profile. Oven slide according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized,
in that the drive rod (20) is fastened in the center of the support structure (30), while two stabilization rods (82; 83) are inserted in retaining eyes (80; 81) which are respectively arranged in the region of the two ends of the support structure (30). Oven slide according to one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized,
in that each slide plate segment (40 ... 40 ⁿ ; 41 ... 41 ⁿ ) has a holding device (50; 51) at its lower end. Oven slide according to one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized,
in that the holding device (50; 51) is formed by a plate which is angularly attached to the end of a slide plate segment, the lengths of the slide plate segments (40 ... 40 ⁿ ; 41 ... 41 ⁿ ) of the two rows differing, so a holding device (50) of the first row of slide plate segments (40 ... 40 ⁿ ) is arranged above a holding device (51) of the second row of slide plate segments (41 ... 41 ⁿ ). Oven slide according to one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized,
in that the holding device (50, 51) is formed by one or more rods, pins, plates or tubes which are fixed angularly to the end of a slide plate segment, wherein a holding device (50) of the first series consists of slide plate segments (40 ... 40 ⁿ ). in the spaces between the holding means (51) of the second row of slide plate segments (41 ... 41 ⁿ ) engages. Oven slide according to one of claims 1 to 10,
characterized,
in that the slide plate segments (40 ... 40 ⁿ ) of one row are arranged along the support structure (30) offset from the slide plate segments (41 ... 41 ⁿ ) of the second row. Furnace for heat treatment of workpieces with at least one loading and / or removal opening,
characterized,
that the kiln system in the loading and / or removal opening comprises a slide furnace according to one or more of claims 1 to 10 degrees.

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