EP2128559A2 - Initiator - Google Patents

Initiator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2128559A2
EP2128559A2 EP20090002559 EP09002559A EP2128559A2 EP 2128559 A2 EP2128559 A2 EP 2128559A2 EP 20090002559 EP20090002559 EP 20090002559 EP 09002559 A EP09002559 A EP 09002559A EP 2128559 A2 EP2128559 A2 EP 2128559A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
initiator
pressure
threshold temperature
closure
reaching
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20090002559
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2128559A3 (en
EP2128559B1 (en
Inventor
Karl Wieland Dr. Naumann
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Bayern Chemie Gesellschaft fuer Flugchemische Antriebe mbH
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Bayern Chemie Gesellschaft fuer Flugchemische Antriebe mbH
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Publication of EP2128559A2 publication Critical patent/EP2128559A2/en
Publication of EP2128559A3 publication Critical patent/EP2128559A3/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/36—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein arming is effected by combustion or fusion of an element; Arming methods using temperature gradients
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B39/00—Packaging or storage of ammunition or explosive charges; Safety features thereof; Cartridge belts or bags
    • F42B39/14—Explosion or fire protection arrangements on packages or ammunition

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an initiator, in particular for solid rocket motors and warheads, which is triggered upon reaching a threshold temperature to reduce the effect of the ignition of the propellant or explosive of the solid rocket engine or warhead above the threshold temperature.
  • the solid propellant of a rocket motor is designed to burn approximately continuously when the mass of the propellant is at a relatively low temperature. If a solid rocket motor, however, is heated by a fire, for example, to a threshold temperature of, for example 160 ° and more, a deflagration may possibly also occur explosion, the z. B. can have devastating consequences on a ship.
  • the threshold temperature is significantly lower than with an airbag propellant.
  • a low threshold firing powder for solid rocket engines is not available. The same applies to warheads.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide an initiator which is triggered upon reaching a threshold temperature in order to reduce the effect of inflammation of the propellant or explosive in particular a solid rocket motor or warhead over, so beyond the threshold temperature.
  • a pressure device is provided, the pressure of which is released when the threshold temperature is reached in order to trigger the initiator by converting the pressure into kinetic energy.
  • the initiator ignites the propellant or explosive before it reaches the threshold temperature and thus by violent reaction (deflagration or detonation) causes great damage in the environment. Exceeding the threshold temperature is thus prevented according to the invention.
  • the threshold temperature is the temperature at which a solid propellant deflagrates or explodes instead of a controlled burnup, or an explosive deflagrates or explodes. This temperature can depending on the fuel or explosive z. B. between 120 to 200 ° C, in particular between 140 and 180 ° C.
  • the triggering temperature ie the temperature at which the initiator according to the invention is triggered, should be as close as possible to the threshold temperature. Preferably, however, a safety margin is met, the z. B. a maximum of 50 ° C, in particular a maximum of 30 ° C below the threshold temperature.
  • the pressure device can be formed by a pressure chamber which is closed with a closure and contains a substance which, upon reaching the threshold temperature, generates a pressure which is sufficient to open the closure. The released pressure is then converted into kinetic energy, which leads to the triggering of the initiator.
  • the substance in the pressure chamber may be water or another substance that has such a high vapor pressure at the threshold temperature that the closure of the pressure chamber is opened.
  • the substance of the pressure chamber may also be a substance which decomposes at threshold temperature to form gas and thereby builds up a pressure which leads to the opening of the closure of the pressure chamber.
  • the closure of the pressure chamber can be configured as desired, for example a plug. Preferably, however, it is formed by a rupture disk.
  • the initiator may be an electrically controllable initiator, for.
  • an initiator in which an ignition charge is ignited by an electrically heated wire (“Semi-conductor bridge initiators, SCB”). Possibly.
  • the ignition charge can also be exploded electrically (“Exploding bridgewire initiators, EBW").
  • a generator may be provided for power generation, which is driven with the released pressure. With the current generated by the generator then the initiator is driven. It can be z. B. to drive the generator, a turbine may be provided, which is driven by the released pressure.
  • the generator which generates the current for driving the initiator, may also have a permanent magnet, which is movably guided in a coil.
  • the permanent magnet is set in motion by the released pressure to produce a current pulse in the coil to drive the initiator.
  • the initiator may also include a striker which causes an impact-sensitive primer, such as a primer, to ignite upon impact.
  • a striker which causes an impact-sensitive primer, such as a primer, to ignite upon impact.
  • the required for the impact of the firing pin to ignite the ignition charge can be applied by the pressure in the pressure chamber, which is released when the closure of the pressure chamber opens, so for example by rupture of the rupture disk.
  • the firing pin for example, operate a switch to electrically control the initiator.
  • the pressure device can also be formed by a prestressed spring, which is released upon reaching the threshold temperature.
  • the firing pin but also z. B. the mentioned guided in a coil permanent magnet for generating electrical energy by a prestressed compression spring are set in motion.
  • a bimetallic element may be provided, which engages over the prestressed spring and thus holds in the prestressed state and releases the preloaded spring when the threshold temperature is reached, for example by bending.
  • the biased spring may be locked in a different manner, for example, by a holder made of a metal or other material that melts when the threshold temperature is reached.
  • the forces can also be amplified by lever or otherwise. For example, it is possible with the pressure device to release a lock for a preloaded firing pin.
  • the initiator according to the invention is thus actuated automatically when the threshold temperature is reached in order to prevent deflagration or detonation.
  • a conventionally constructed main initiator is generally provided in order to start the solid rocket or to fire the warhead.
  • the printing device z. B. to be provided with a heater to the invention Initiator to ignite the propellant or the explosive at ambient temperature, ie below the threshold temperature.
  • the initiator according to the invention can also take over the function of the main initiator by being triggered by heating the pressure device to the threshold temperature.
  • the initiator according to the invention is thus - in its passive function - triggered upon reaching the threshold temperature without any activation from the outside. It is characterized by a high level of insensitivity to electromagnetic waves, radiation, pulses, mechanical shocks and vibrations. Since it is also executable in a closed design, there is generally a high degree of insensitivity to environmental influences.
  • the initiator according to the invention can be used without mechanical interruption of the pyrotechnic functional chain, which is normally necessary in order to prevent unintentional ignition due to disturbing influences.
  • the initiator according to the invention can be used in a variety of ways, such as temperature-triggering initiator of a lighter of solid rocket engines, especially in the case of unintentional fast (“fast cook off, FCO”) and slower (“slow cook off, SCO”) heating.
  • FCO fast cook off
  • SCO slow cook off
  • the firing pin or other set by the printing device in motion element can also trigger other functions and z.
  • B. a switch for triggering active mitigating measures For example, in the manner of the following function chain:
  • the element set in motion activates a thermal battery when a given threshold temperature is reached.
  • a control logic can be operated, for example, evaluates the results of several mounted on the rocket engine temperature sensor and sets the last possible ignition, in which either by the pre-ignition of the propellant a violent reaction is avoided or another device, eg. B. initiation of a cutting cord to open the combustion chamber is set in motion.
  • a mitigating action can be initiated on the warhead.
  • the initiator can be designed so that when a predetermined threshold temperature initiates a cutting charge and thus z.
  • B. opens the shell of the warhead by means of a cutting charge, thereby triggering a silent burning of the explosive charge.
  • initiators according to the invention trigger in all cases when the permissible threshold temperature is reached. It can also be triggered functions that are not performed directly on the rocket motor or warhead, such as the triggering of mitigating measures during storage or transport, for example by release of an extinguishing agent z. B. in an arranged on the storage or transport container extinguishing agent container.
  • the initiator 1 which is provided on the combustion chamber 2 of a solid rocket motor, has a pressure chamber 3 in which a substance or active medium 4, for example a liquid, is located.
  • the pressure chamber 3 has an opening 5 which is closed by a rupture disk 6.
  • the rupture disk 6 is provided with a firing pin 7, which is guided in a channel 8.
  • a primer 9 is provided on a transfer charge 10, which communicates with a booster charge 11 which ignites the propellant charge 12 of the rocket motor.
  • the channel 8, the transfer charge 10 with the primer 9 and the booster charge 11 are enclosed by a housing 14 which is provided for connecting the booster charge 11 to the combustion chamber 2 with an opening 13 and connected at the other end to the pressure chamber 3.
  • the rupture disk 6 is held at the periphery between the housing 14 and the pressure chamber housing and weakened with a circular notch 6 'whose diameter corresponds to the diameter of the channel 8.
  • the active medium 4 builds when heated to a temperature of z. B. 10 ° C below the predetermined threshold temperature, for example, 160 ° of the propellant charge 12 in the pressure chamber 3 to a pressure that leads to rupture of the rupture disk 6.
  • the rupture disk 6 can also consist of a material whose strength is temperature-dependent. In any case, the rupture disk 6 is designed to burst at a pressure when a predetermined peeling temperature is reached.
  • the gas After rupture of the rupture disk 6, the gas expands and accelerates in the channel 8 the firing pin 7, which strikes the primer 9 and thus on the transfer charge 10 and the boost charge 11 leads to the ignition of the propellant 12.
  • the dimensions of the pressure chamber 3, the cross section of the channel 8 and its length and the mass of the firing pin 7 result from the energy required to ignite the primer 9, the threshold temperature and the active medium used. 4
  • a (not shown) main detonator can be provided, with which the booster charge 11 is ignited.
  • the initiator 1 after FIG. 1 also be designed as the main initiator.
  • an electric heater with a heating element 16 with a holder and bushing 17 is provided.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are provided for a (not shown) electrically controllable initiator.
  • the embodiment differs FIG. 3 from the after FIGS. 1 and 2 essentially from the fact that the firing pin 7 is replaced by a rod-shaped permanent magnet 18 which is guided in a coil 19 to generate a current pulse for driving the initiator.
  • the channel 8 is provided with a nozzle 19 which drives a turbine 20.
  • the turbine 20 drives a generator 21, which generates the current pulse necessary for driving the initiator.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 differs from the one after Figure 1 to 4 essentially in that instead of the pressure chamber 3 to the channel 8, in which the firing pin 7 'is guided, a holder 25 is connected to a compression spring 26, the firing pin 7' in the biased position according to FIG. 5 loaded.
  • a bimetallic element 27 is fixed, which in the in FIG. 5 shown locking position with a hook-shaped projection 28 in a retaining groove 29 on the firing pin 7 'engages.
  • the bimetallic element 27 bends according to FIG. 6 , whereby the hook-shaped Projection 28 pulled out of the retaining 29 and thus the spring-loaded firing pin 7 'is released.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)

Abstract

The initiator (1) has a pressure unit for supplying a pressure, which is converted into kinetic energy when reaching a threshold temperature for releasing the initiator. The pressure unit is formed by a pressure chamber (3), which is closed by a closure. The pressure unit contains an active medium (4), which is a material that exhibits a vapor pressure for opening the closure. The closure is formed by a shear disc (6), and the pressure unit is formed by a pre-stressing spring. A bimetal element releases the spring when reaching the threshold temperature.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Initiator, insbesondere für Feststoffraketenmotore und Gefechtsköpfe, der bei Erreichen einer Schwelltemperatur ausgelöst wird, um die Wirkung der Entzündung des Treib- bzw. Explosivstoffs des Feststoffraketenmotors oder Gefechtskopfes oberhalb der Schwelltemperatur herabzusetzen.The invention relates to an initiator, in particular for solid rocket motors and warheads, which is triggered upon reaching a threshold temperature to reduce the effect of the ignition of the propellant or explosive of the solid rocket engine or warhead above the threshold temperature.

Der Feststofftreibsatz eines Raketenmotors ist so ausgelegt, dass er annähernd kontinuierlich abbrennt, wenn sich die Masse des Treibsatzes auf einer verhältnismäßig niedrigen Temperatur befindet. Wenn ein Feststoffraketenmotor dagegen beispielsweise durch einen Brand auf eine Schwelltemperatur von beispielsweise 160° und mehr erwärmt wird, kann eine Deflagration ggf. auch Explosion auftreten, die z. B. auf einem Schiff verheerende Folgen haben kann.The solid propellant of a rocket motor is designed to burn approximately continuously when the mass of the propellant is at a relatively low temperature. If a solid rocket motor, however, is heated by a fire, for example, to a threshold temperature of, for example 160 ° and more, a deflagration may possibly also occur explosion, the z. B. can have devastating consequences on a ship.

Um eine Selbstentzündung des Treibsatzes bei hohen Temperaturen, beispielsweise einem Brand, damit eine Explosion zu verhindern, ist es bei Airbags bekannt, den Treibsatz des Gasgenerators mit einem Frühzünd-Pulver mit niedriger Selbstentzündungstemperatur zu zünden, wodurch der Treibsatz kontrolliert abbrennen kann, bevor er die eine Explosion auslösende Schwelltemperatur erreicht.In order to prevent spontaneous ignition of the propellant at high temperatures, such as a fire to prevent an explosion, it is known in airbags to ignite the propellant charge of the gas generator with a pre-ignition powder with low autoignition temperature, whereby the propellant can burn off controlled before he reached an explosion triggering threshold temperature.

Bei einem Feststoffraketenmotor liegt die Schwelltemperatur jedoch deutlich niedriger als bei einem Airbag-Treibsatz. Ein Anzündpulver mit einer niedrigen Schwelltemperatur für Feststoffraketenmotore steht jedoch nicht zur Verfügung. Gleiches gilt für Gefechtsköpfe.In a solid rocket motor, however, the threshold temperature is significantly lower than with an airbag propellant. However, a low threshold firing powder for solid rocket engines is not available. The same applies to warheads.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, einen Initiator bereitzustellen, der bei Erreichen einer Schwelltemperatur ausgelöst wird, um die Wirkung einer Entzündung des Treib- bzw. Explosivstoffs insbesondere eines Feststoffraketenmotors oder Gefechtskopfes über, also jenseits der Schwelltemperatur herabzusetzen.The object of the invention is therefore to provide an initiator which is triggered upon reaching a threshold temperature in order to reduce the effect of inflammation of the propellant or explosive in particular a solid rocket motor or warhead over, so beyond the threshold temperature.

Dies wird erfindungsgemäß mit dem im Anspruch 1 gekennzeichneten Initiator erreicht. In den Unteransprüchen 2 bis 13 sind bevorzugte Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Initiators wiedergegeben. Die Ansprüche 14 bis 17 betreffen bevorzugte Verwendungen des erfindungsgemäßen Initiators.This is achieved according to the invention with the initiator characterized in claim 1. In the dependent claims 2 to 13 preferred embodiments of the initiator of the invention are shown. Claims 14 to 17 relate to preferred uses of the initiator of the invention.

Nach der Erfindung ist eine Druckeinrichtung vorgesehen, deren Druck bei Erreichen der Schwelltemperatur freigesetzt wird, um durch Umwandlung des Drucks in Bewegungsenergie den Initiator auszulösen. Damit entzündet der Initiator den Treibsatz bzw. Explosivstoff, bevor dieser die Schwelltemperatur erreicht und damit durch heftige Reaktion (Deflagration oder Detonation) große Schäden in der Umgebung hervorruft. Das Überschreiten der Schwelltemperatur wird somit erfindungsgemäß verhindert.According to the invention, a pressure device is provided, the pressure of which is released when the threshold temperature is reached in order to trigger the initiator by converting the pressure into kinetic energy. Thus, the initiator ignites the propellant or explosive before it reaches the threshold temperature and thus by violent reaction (deflagration or detonation) causes great damage in the environment. Exceeding the threshold temperature is thus prevented according to the invention.

Als Schwelltemperatur wird die Temperatur bezeichnet, bei der bei einem Festtreibstoff anstelle eines kontrollierten Abbrands eine Deflagration oder Explosion erfolgt bzw. ein Explosivstoff deflagriert oder explodiert. Diese Temperatur kann je nach Treibstoff bzw. Explosivstoff z. B. zwischen 120 bis 200°C, insbesondere zwischen 140 und 180°C liegen. Die Auslösetemperatur, also die Temperatur, bei der der erfindungsgemäße Initiator ausgelöst wird, soll möglichst nahe der Schwelltemperatur liegen. Vorzugsweise wird jedoch eine Sicherheitsmarge eingehalten, die z. B. maximal 50°C, insbesondere maximal 30°C unterhalb der Schwelltemperatur liegt.The threshold temperature is the temperature at which a solid propellant deflagrates or explodes instead of a controlled burnup, or an explosive deflagrates or explodes. This temperature can depending on the fuel or explosive z. B. between 120 to 200 ° C, in particular between 140 and 180 ° C. The triggering temperature, ie the temperature at which the initiator according to the invention is triggered, should be as close as possible to the threshold temperature. Preferably, however, a safety margin is met, the z. B. a maximum of 50 ° C, in particular a maximum of 30 ° C below the threshold temperature.

Die Druckeinrichtung kann durch eine Druckkammer gebildet werden, die mit einem Verschluss verschlossen ist und einen Stoff enthält, der bei Erreichen der Schwelltemperatur einen Druck erzeugt, der ausreicht, um den Verschluss zu öffnen. Der freigesetzte Druck wird dann in Bewegungsenergie umgewandelt, die zur Auslösung des Initiators führt.The pressure device can be formed by a pressure chamber which is closed with a closure and contains a substance which, upon reaching the threshold temperature, generates a pressure which is sufficient to open the closure. The released pressure is then converted into kinetic energy, which leads to the triggering of the initiator.

Der Stoff in der Druckkammer kann Wasser oder ein anderer Stoff sein, der bei der Schwelltemperatur einen so hohen Dampfdruck aufweist, dass der Verschluss der Druckkammer geöffnet wird. Der Stoff der Druckkammer kann jedoch auch ein Stoff sein, der sich bei Schwelltemperatur unter Gasbildung zersetzt und dadurch einen Druck aufbaut, der zum Öffnen des Verschlusses der Druckkammer führt.The substance in the pressure chamber may be water or another substance that has such a high vapor pressure at the threshold temperature that the closure of the pressure chamber is opened. However, the substance of the pressure chamber may also be a substance which decomposes at threshold temperature to form gas and thereby builds up a pressure which leads to the opening of the closure of the pressure chamber.

Der Verschluss der Druckkammer kann beliebig ausgebildet sein, beispielsweise ein Stopfen. Vorzugsweise wird er jedoch durch eine Berstscheibe gebildet.The closure of the pressure chamber can be configured as desired, for example a plug. Preferably, however, it is formed by a rupture disk.

Der Initiator kann ein elektrisch ansteuerbarer Initiator sein, z. B. ein Initiator, bei welchem eine Zündladung durch einen elektrisch erhitzten Draht gezündet wird ("Semi-conductor bridge initiators, SCB"). Ggf. kann die Zündladung auch durch einen elektrisch zur Explosion gebrachten Draht gezündet werden ("Exploding bridgewire initiators, EBW").The initiator may be an electrically controllable initiator, for. For example, an initiator in which an ignition charge is ignited by an electrically heated wire ("Semi-conductor bridge initiators, SCB"). Possibly. The ignition charge can also be exploded electrically ("Exploding bridgewire initiators, EBW").

Dabei kann zur Stromerzeugung ein Generator vorgesehen sein, der mit dem freigesetzten Druck angetrieben wird. Mit dem vom Generator erzeugten Strom wird dann der Initiator angesteuert. Dabei kann z. B. zum Antrieb des Generators eine Turbine vorgesehen sein, die von dem freigesetzten Druck angetrieben wird.In this case, a generator may be provided for power generation, which is driven with the released pressure. With the current generated by the generator then the initiator is driven. It can be z. B. to drive the generator, a turbine may be provided, which is driven by the released pressure.

Der Generator, der den Strom zur Ansteuerung des Initiators erzeugt, kann auch einen Permanentmagnet aufweisen, der in einer Spule bewegbar geführt ist. Der Permanentmagnet wird durch den freigesetzten Druck in Bewegung gesetzt, um in der Spule einen Stromimpuls zur Ansteuerung des Initiators zu erzeugen.The generator, which generates the current for driving the initiator, may also have a permanent magnet, which is movably guided in a coil. The permanent magnet is set in motion by the released pressure to produce a current pulse in the coil to drive the initiator.

Stattdessen kann der Initiator auch einen Schlagbolzen aufweisen, der eine schlagempfindliche Zündladung, beispielsweise ein Zündhütchen beim Aufschlag zur Entzündung bringt.Instead, the initiator may also include a striker which causes an impact-sensitive primer, such as a primer, to ignite upon impact.

Die für den Aufschlag des Schlagbolzens erforderliche Energie zum Zünden der Zündladung kann durch den Druck in der Druckkammer aufgebracht werden, die freigesetzt wird, wenn der Verschluss der Druckkammer sich öffnet, also beispielsweise durch Bersten der Berstscheibe.The required for the impact of the firing pin to ignite the ignition charge can be applied by the pressure in the pressure chamber, which is released when the closure of the pressure chamber opens, so for example by rupture of the rupture disk.

Auch kann der Schlagbolzen beispielsweise einen Schalter betätigen, um den Initiator elektrisch anzusteuern.Also, the firing pin, for example, operate a switch to electrically control the initiator.

Die Druckeinrichtung kann jedoch auch durch eine vorgespannte Feder gebildet werden, die bei Erreichen der Schwelltemperatur freigegeben wird.However, the pressure device can also be formed by a prestressed spring, which is released upon reaching the threshold temperature.

So kann beispielsweise der Schlagbolzen, aber auch z. B. der erwähnte in einer Spule geführte Permanentmagnet zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie durch eine vorgespannte Druckfeder in Bewegung gesetzt werden.For example, the firing pin, but also z. B. the mentioned guided in a coil permanent magnet for generating electrical energy by a prestressed compression spring are set in motion.

Zur Freigabe der vorgespannten Feder bei Erreichen der Schwelltemperatur kann beispielsweise ein Bimetallelement vorgesehen sein, das die vorgespannte Feder übergreift und damit im vorgespannten Zustand hält und bei Erreichen der Schwelltemperatur die vorgespannte Feder beispielsweise durch Verbiegen loslässt.To release the prestressed spring upon reaching the threshold temperature, for example, a bimetallic element may be provided, which engages over the prestressed spring and thus holds in the prestressed state and releases the preloaded spring when the threshold temperature is reached, for example by bending.

Auch kann die vorgespannte Feder in anderer Weise arretiert werden, beispielsweise durch einen Halter aus einem Metall oder einem anderen Material, das bei Erreichen der Schwelltemperatur schmilzt.Also, the biased spring may be locked in a different manner, for example, by a holder made of a metal or other material that melts when the threshold temperature is reached.

Wenn die durch die Druckeinrichtung hervorgebrachte Bewegungsenergie gering ist, können die Kräfte auch durch Hebel oder in anderer Weise verstärkt werden. Beispielsweise ist es möglich mit der Druckeinrichtung eine Verriegelung für einen vorgespannten Schlagbolzen zu lösen.If the kinetic energy produced by the pressure device is low, the forces can also be amplified by lever or otherwise. For example, it is possible with the pressure device to release a lock for a preloaded firing pin.

Der erfindungsgemäße Initiator wird also automatisch betätigt, wenn die Schwelltemperatur erreicht wird, um eine Deflagration bzw. Detonation zu verhindern. Neben dem erfindungsgemäßen passiven Initiator ist jedoch im allgemeinen ein herkömmlich aufgebauter Hauptinitiator vorgesehen, um die Feststoffrakete zu starten bzw. den Gefechtskopf abzufeuern.The initiator according to the invention is thus actuated automatically when the threshold temperature is reached in order to prevent deflagration or detonation. In addition to the passive initiator according to the invention, however, a conventionally constructed main initiator is generally provided in order to start the solid rocket or to fire the warhead.

Es ist jedoch auch möglich, die Druckeinrichtung z. B. mit einer Heizung zu versehen, um mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Initiator die Treibladung bzw. den Explosivstoff bei Umgebungstemperatur, also unterhalb der Schwelltemperatur zu zünden. D. h. der erfindungsgemäße Initiator kann zugleich die Funktion des Hauptinitiators übernehmen, indem er durch Aufheizung der Druckeinrichtung auf die Schwelltemperatur ausgelöst wird.However, it is also possible, the printing device z. B. to be provided with a heater to the invention Initiator to ignite the propellant or the explosive at ambient temperature, ie below the threshold temperature. Ie. the initiator according to the invention can also take over the function of the main initiator by being triggered by heating the pressure device to the threshold temperature.

Der erfindungsgemäße Initiator wird also - in seiner passiven Funktion - bei Erreichen der Schwelltemperatur ohne jedwede Ansteuerung von außen ausgelöst. Er zeichnet sich durch ein hohes Maß an Unempfindlichkeit gegenüber elektromagnetischen Wellen, Strahlen, Pulsen, mechanischen Stößen und Schwingungen aus. Da er auch in geschlossener Bauweise ausführbar ist, ist generell ein hohes Maß an Unempfindlichkeit gegenüber Umwelteinflüssen gegeben.The initiator according to the invention is thus - in its passive function - triggered upon reaching the threshold temperature without any activation from the outside. It is characterized by a high level of insensitivity to electromagnetic waves, radiation, pulses, mechanical shocks and vibrations. Since it is also executable in a closed design, there is generally a high degree of insensitivity to environmental influences.

Angesichts der Unempfindlichkeit gegenüber elektromagnetischen Einflüssen kann der erfindungsgemäße Initiator ohne mechanische Unterbrechung der pyrotechnischen Funktionskette eingesetzt werden, die normalerweise notwendig ist, um ein unbeabsichtigtes Zünden aufgrund von Störeinflüssen zu verhindern.In view of the insensitivity to electromagnetic influences, the initiator according to the invention can be used without mechanical interruption of the pyrotechnic functional chain, which is normally necessary in order to prevent unintentional ignition due to disturbing influences.

Der erfindungsgemäße Initiator kann auf vielfältige Art und Weise eingesetzt werden, so als temperaturabhängig auslösender Initiator eines Anzünders von Feststoffraketenmotoren, insbesondere im Fall von unbeabsichtigter schneller ("fast cook off, FCO") und langsamer ("slow cook off, SCO") Aufheizung.The initiator according to the invention can be used in a variety of ways, such as temperature-triggering initiator of a lighter of solid rocket engines, especially in the case of unintentional fast ("fast cook off, FCO") and slower ("slow cook off, SCO") heating.

Der Schlagbolzen oder das sonstige durch die Druckeinrichtung in Bewegung gesetzte Element kann auch andere Funktionen auslösen und z. B. einen Schalter für die Auslösung von aktiven wirkungsschwächenden Maßnahmen betätigen, beispielsweise in Art der folgenden Funktionskette: Das in Bewegung gesetzte Element aktiviert bei Erreichen einer gegebenen Schwelltemperatur eine Thermalbatterie. Mittels der nun zur Verfügung stehenden elektrischen Energie kann eine Steuerungslogik betrieben werden, die beispielsweise die Messergebnisse mehrerer am Raketenmotor angebrachter Temperaturfühler auswertet und den letztmöglichen Zündzeitpunkt festlegt, bei welchem entweder durch die Frühzündung des Treibsatzes eine heftige Reaktion vermieden wird oder eine andere Vorrichtung, z. B. Initiation einer Schneidschnur zum Öffnen der Brennkammer, in Gang gesetzt wird.The firing pin or other set by the printing device in motion element can also trigger other functions and z. B. a switch for triggering active mitigating measures For example, in the manner of the following function chain: The element set in motion activates a thermal battery when a given threshold temperature is reached. By means of the now available electrical energy, a control logic can be operated, for example, evaluates the results of several mounted on the rocket engine temperature sensor and sets the last possible ignition, in which either by the pre-ignition of the propellant a violent reaction is avoided or another device, eg. B. initiation of a cutting cord to open the combustion chamber is set in motion.

In ähnlicher Weise kann eine wirkungsschwächende Maßnahme am Gefechtskopf initiiert werden. D. H. der Initiator kann so ausgelegt werden, dass bei Erreichen einer vorgegebenen Schwelltemperatur eine Schneidladung initiiert und damit z. B. die Hülle des Gefechtskopfes mittels einer Schneidladung öffnet und dadurch einen stillen Abbrand der Sprengladung auslöst.Similarly, a mitigating action can be initiated on the warhead. D. H. the initiator can be designed so that when a predetermined threshold temperature initiates a cutting charge and thus z. B. opens the shell of the warhead by means of a cutting charge, thereby triggering a silent burning of the explosive charge.

Falls erfindungsgemäße Initiatoren verwendet werden, lösen diese auf alle Fälle dann aus, wenn die zulässige Schwelltemperatur erreicht wird. Es können auch Funktionen ausgelöst werden, die nicht direkt am Raketenmotor bzw. Gefechtskopf ausgeführt werden, beispielsweise das Auslösen von wirkungsschwächenden Maßnahmen bei der Lagerung oder dem Transport beispielsweise durch Freisetzung eines Löschmittels z. B. in einem an dem Lager- bzw. Transportbehälter angeordneten Löschmittelbehälter.If initiators according to the invention are used, they trigger in all cases when the permissible threshold temperature is reached. It can also be triggered functions that are not performed directly on the rocket motor or warhead, such as the triggering of mitigating measures during storage or transport, for example by release of an extinguishing agent z. B. in an arranged on the storage or transport container extinguishing agent container.

Nachstehend ist die Erfindung anhand der beigefügten Zeichnung beispielhaft näher erläutert. Darin zeigen jeweils schematisch

Figur 1
einen Längsschnitt durch einen passiven Initiator für einen Feststoffraketenmotor;
Figur 2
der in Figur 1 dargestellte linke Teil bei aktiver Ausbildung des Initiators;
Figur 3 und 4
jeweils eine Ausführungsform zur Stromerzeugung für einen elektrisch ansteuerbaren Initiator; und
Figur 5 und 6
einen Längsschnitt durch einen Teil einer anderen Ausführungsform des Initiators mit einer Feder als Druckeinrichtung in der vorgespannten arretierten Position bzw. Freigabeposition
The invention is explained in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing. In each case show schematically
FIG. 1
a longitudinal section through a passive initiator for a solid rocket motor;
FIG. 2
the in FIG. 1 illustrated left part with active training of the initiator;
FIGS. 3 and 4
in each case an embodiment for generating electricity for an electrically controllable initiator; and
FIGS. 5 and 6
a longitudinal section through part of another embodiment of the initiator with a spring as a pressure device in the prestressed locked position or release position

Gemäß Figur 1 weist der Initiator 1, der an der Brennkammer 2 eines Feststoffraketenmotors vorgesehen ist, eine Druckkammer 3 auf, in der sich ein Stoff oder Wirkmedium 4, beispielsweise eine Flüssigkeit befindet. Die Druckkammer 3 weist ein Öffnung 5 auf, die durch eine Berstscheibe 6 verschlossen ist.According to FIG. 1 For example, the initiator 1, which is provided on the combustion chamber 2 of a solid rocket motor, has a pressure chamber 3 in which a substance or active medium 4, for example a liquid, is located. The pressure chamber 3 has an opening 5 which is closed by a rupture disk 6.

Die Berstscheibe 6 ist mit einem Schlagbolzen 7 versehen, der in einem Kanal 8 geführt ist. Auf der dem Druckraum 3 gegenüberliegenden, der Brennkammer 2 zugewandten Seite des Kanals 8 ist ein Zündhütchen 9 an einer Übertragungsladung 10 vorgesehen, welche mit einer Verstärkerladung 11 kommuniziert, die den Treibsatz 12 des Raketenmotors zündet.The rupture disk 6 is provided with a firing pin 7, which is guided in a channel 8. On the pressure chamber 3 opposite, the combustion chamber 2 facing side of the channel 8, a primer 9 is provided on a transfer charge 10, which communicates with a booster charge 11 which ignites the propellant charge 12 of the rocket motor.

Der Kanal 8, die Übertragungsladung 10 mit dem Zündhütchen 9 und die Verstärkerladung 11 werden von einem Gehäuse 14 umschlossen, das zur Verbindung der Verstärkerladung 11 mit der Brennkammer 2 mit einer Öffnung 13 versehen und am anderen Ende mit der Druckkammer 3 verbunden ist. Die Berstscheibe 6 wird am Umfang zwischen dem Gehäuse 14 und dem Druckkammergehäuse gehalten und mit einer kreisförmigen Kerbe 6' geschwächt, deren Durchmesser dem Durchmesser des Kanals 8 entspricht.The channel 8, the transfer charge 10 with the primer 9 and the booster charge 11 are enclosed by a housing 14 which is provided for connecting the booster charge 11 to the combustion chamber 2 with an opening 13 and connected at the other end to the pressure chamber 3. The rupture disk 6 is held at the periphery between the housing 14 and the pressure chamber housing and weakened with a circular notch 6 'whose diameter corresponds to the diameter of the channel 8.

Das Wirkmedium 4 baut bei Erhitzung auf eine Temperatur von z. B. 10°C unter der vorgegebenen Schwelltemperatur von beispielsweise 160° des Treibsatzes 12 in der Druckkammer 3 einen Druck auf, der zum Bersten der Berstscheibe 6 führt. Die Berstscheibe 6 kann dazu auch aus einem Material bestehen, dessen Festigkeit temperaturabhängig ist. Jedenfalls ist die Berstscheibe 6 derart ausgelegt, dass sie bei einem Druck birst, wenn eine vorgegebene Ablösetemperatur erreicht wird.The active medium 4 builds when heated to a temperature of z. B. 10 ° C below the predetermined threshold temperature, for example, 160 ° of the propellant charge 12 in the pressure chamber 3 to a pressure that leads to rupture of the rupture disk 6. The rupture disk 6 can also consist of a material whose strength is temperature-dependent. In any case, the rupture disk 6 is designed to burst at a pressure when a predetermined peeling temperature is reached.

Nach dem Bruch der Berstscheibe 6 dehnt sich das Gas aus und beschleunigt in dem Kanal 8 den Schlagbolzen 7, der auf das Zündhütchen 9 aufschlägt und damit über die Übertragungsladung 10 und die Verstärkungsladung 11 zur Zündung des Treibsatzes 12 führt. Die Dimensionen der Druckkammer 3, der Querschnitt des Kanals 8 und dessen Länge sowie die Masse des Schlagbolzens 7 ergeben sich aus der benötigten Energie zum Zünden des Zündhütchens 9, der Schwelltemperatur und dem verwendeten Wirkmedium 4.After rupture of the rupture disk 6, the gas expands and accelerates in the channel 8 the firing pin 7, which strikes the primer 9 and thus on the transfer charge 10 and the boost charge 11 leads to the ignition of the propellant 12. The dimensions of the pressure chamber 3, the cross section of the channel 8 and its length and the mass of the firing pin 7 result from the energy required to ignite the primer 9, the threshold temperature and the active medium used. 4

Zum Start des Raketenmotors kann ein (nicht dargestellter) Hauptzünder vorgesehen sein, mit dem die Verstärkerladung 11 gezündet wird. Stattdessen kann der Initiator 1 nach Figur 1 jedoch auch als Hauptinitiator ausgebildet werden.To start the rocket motor, a (not shown) main detonator can be provided, with which the booster charge 11 is ignited. Instead, the initiator 1 after FIG. 1 However, also be designed as the main initiator.

Dazu ist gemäß Figur 2 in der Druckkammer 3 eine elektrische Heizung mit einem Heizelement 16 mit einer Halterung und Durchführung 17 vorgesehen.This is according to FIG. 2 in the pressure chamber 3, an electric heater with a heating element 16 with a holder and bushing 17 is provided.

Die Ausführungsformen nach Figur 3 und 4 sind für einen (nicht dargestellten) elektrisch ansteuerbaren Initiator vorgesehen.The embodiments according to FIGS. 3 and 4 are provided for a (not shown) electrically controllable initiator.

Dabei weicht die Ausführungsform nach Figur 3 von der nach Figur 1 und 2 im wesentlichen dadurch ab, dass der Schlagbolzen 7 durch einen stabförmigen Permanentmagnet 18 ersetzt ist, der in einer Spule 19 geführt ist, um einen Stromimpuls zur Ansteuerung des Initiators zu erzeugen.The embodiment differs FIG. 3 from the after FIGS. 1 and 2 essentially from the fact that the firing pin 7 is replaced by a rod-shaped permanent magnet 18 which is guided in a coil 19 to generate a current pulse for driving the initiator.

Dem gegenüber ist nach Figur 4 der Kanal 8 mit einer Düse 19 versehen, die eine Turbine 20 antreibt. Die Turbine 20 treibt einen Generator 21 an, der den zur Ansteuerung des Initiators notwendigen Stromimpuls erzeugt.The opposite is after FIG. 4 the channel 8 is provided with a nozzle 19 which drives a turbine 20. The turbine 20 drives a generator 21, which generates the current pulse necessary for driving the initiator.

Die Ausführungsform nach Figur 5 und 6 unterscheidet sich von derjenigen nach Figur 1 bis 4 im wesentlichen dadurch, dass anstelle der Druckkammer 3 an den Kanal 8, in dem der Schlagbolzen 7' geführt ist, eine Halterung 25 mit einer Druckfeder 26 angeschlossen ist, die den Schlagbolzen 7' in der vorgespannten Position gemäß Figur 5 belastet.The embodiment according to FIGS. 5 and 6 differs from the one after Figure 1 to 4 essentially in that instead of the pressure chamber 3 to the channel 8, in which the firing pin 7 'is guided, a holder 25 is connected to a compression spring 26, the firing pin 7' in the biased position according to FIG. 5 loaded.

An dem Halter 25 ist ein Bimetall-Element 27 befestigt, das in der in Figur 5 dargestellten Verriegelungsposition mit einem hakenförmigen Vorsprung 28 in eine Haltenut 29 an dem Schlagbolzen 7' eingreift.On the holder 25, a bimetallic element 27 is fixed, which in the in FIG. 5 shown locking position with a hook-shaped projection 28 in a retaining groove 29 on the firing pin 7 'engages.

Bei Erwärmen auf Schwelltemperatur verbiegt sich das Bimetallelement 27 gemäß Figur 6, wodurch der hakenförmige Vorsprung 28 aus der Haltenut 29 gezogen und damit der federbelastete Schlagbolzen 7' freigegeben wird.When heated to the threshold temperature, the bimetallic element 27 bends according to FIG. 6 , whereby the hook-shaped Projection 28 pulled out of the retaining 29 and thus the spring-loaded firing pin 7 'is released.

Claims (17)

Initiator, der bei Erreichen einer Schwelltemperatur ausgelöst wird, um die Wirkung der Entzündung eines Treib- oder Explosivstoffes dadurch herabzusetzen, dass dieser bei Erreichen der Schwelltemperatur gezündet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Druckeinrichtung vorgesehen ist, deren Druck bei Erreichen der Schwelltemperatur zur Auslösung des Initiators in Bewegungsenergie umwandelbar ist.Initiator, which is triggered upon reaching a threshold temperature to reduce the effect of the ignition of a propellant or explosive, characterized in that it is ignited upon reaching the threshold temperature, characterized in that a pressure device is provided, the pressure on reaching the threshold temperature for triggering the Initiator in kinetic energy is convertible. Initiator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Druckeinrichtung durch eine Druckkammer (3) gebildet wird, die durch einen Verschluss verschlossen ist und ein Wirkmedium (4) enthält, das bei Erreichen der Schwelltemperatur einen Druck erzeugt, durch den der Verschluss unter Druckfreisetzung geöffnet wird.Initiator according to Claim 1, characterized in that the pressure device is formed by a pressure chamber (3) which is closed by a closure and contains an active medium (4) which generates a pressure upon reaching the threshold temperature, through which the closure opens under pressure release becomes. Initiator nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Wirkmedium (4) in der Druckkammer (3) ein Stoff ist, der bei Schwelltemperatur einen Dampfdruck zum Öffnen des Verschlusses aufweist.Initiator according to claim 2, characterized in that the active medium (4) in the pressure chamber (3) is a substance which has a vapor pressure at the threshold temperature for opening the closure. Initiator nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Wirkmedium (4) in der Druckkammer (3) ein Stoff ist, der sich bei der Schwelltemperatur unter Bildung eines Drucks zum Öffnen des Verschlusses zersetzt.Initiator according to claim 2, characterized in that the active medium (4) in the pressure chamber (3) is a substance which decomposes at the threshold temperature to form a pressure to open the closure. Initiator nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verschluss durch eine Berstscheibe (6) gebildet wird.Initiator according to claim 2, characterized in that the closure is formed by a rupture disk (6). Initiator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Druckeinrichtung durch eine vorgespannte Feder (26) gebildet wird.Initiator according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure device is formed by a prestressed spring (26). Initiator nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Bimetallelement (27) vorgesehen ist, das die vorgespannte Feder (26) bei Erreichen der Schwelltemperatur freigibt.Initiator according to claim 6, characterized in that a bimetallic element (27) is provided, which releases the prestressed spring (26) upon reaching the threshold temperature. Initiator nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Generator zur Stromerzeugung vorgesehen ist, der durch die Bewegungsenergie, die durch den freigesetzten Druck erzeugt wird, betätigt wird, um den Initiator (1) auszulösen.Initiator according to claim 2, characterized in that a generator is provided for generating electricity, which is actuated by the kinetic energy generated by the released pressure to trigger the initiator (1). Initiator nach Anspruch 2 und 8 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Turbine (22) vorgesehen ist, die durch den freigesetzten Druck angetrieben wird und den Generator (21) antreibt.Initiator according to claim 2 and 8, characterized in that a turbine (22) is provided, which is driven by the released pressure and drives the generator (21). Initiator nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Generator einen Permanentmagnet (18) aufweist, der zur Erzeugung des Stroms bei freigesetztem Druck in einer Spule (19) bewegbar geführt ist.An initiator according to claim 8, characterized in that the generator comprises a permanent magnet (18) which is movably guided in a coil (19) for generating the current at released pressure. Initiator nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Schlagbolzen (7, 7') vorgesehen ist, der durch den freigesetzten Druck betätigt wird und auf eine Zündladung (9) zum Auslösen des Initiators (1) auftrifft.Initiator according to claim 2, characterized in that a firing pin (7, 7 ') is provided, which is actuated by the released pressure and impinges on a primer (9) for triggering the initiator (1). Initiator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Heizung (16) vorgesehen ist, um den Initiator (1) durch Aufheizen der Druckeinrichtung auf Schwelltemperatur auszulösen.Initiator according to claim 1, characterized in that a heater (16) is provided to the Initiator (1) by raising the pressure device to trigger threshold temperature. Initiator nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Initiator (1) zum Zünden des Festtreibstoffs (12) ausgebildet ist.Initiator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the initiator (1) is designed to ignite the solid propellant (12). Verwendung des Initiators nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche für einen Feststoffraketenmotor oder Gefechtskopf.Use of the initiator according to one of the preceding claims for a solid rocket motor or warhead. Verwendung nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Initiator den Festtreibstoff (12) des Feststoffraketenmotors zündet.Use according to claim 14 , characterized in that the initiator ignites the solid fuel (12) of the solid rocket motor. Verwendung nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Initiator (1) eine Einrichtung zum Öffnen des Gehäuses des Feststoffraketenmotors bzw. Gefechtskopfes zündet.Use according to claim 14, characterized in that the initiator (1) ignites a device for opening the housing of the solid rocket motor or warhead. Verwendung nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Initiator (1) eine Einrichtung zur Freisetzung eines Löschmittels oder dergleichen Mittel zur Schwächung der Wirkung einer Entzündung des Festtreibstoffs (12) bzw. Explosivstoffs des Feststoffraketenmotors bzw. Gefechtskopfes zündet.Use according to claim 14, characterized in that the initiator (1) ignites a device for releasing an extinguishing agent or the like means for weakening the effect of an inflammation of the solid fuel (12) or explosive of the solid rocket motor or warhead.
EP09002559.4A 2008-05-27 2009-02-24 Initiator Not-in-force EP2128559B1 (en)

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