EP2128386A2 - Procédé de réduction de l'érosion par impact de gouttes dans des turbines à vapeur par contrôle de la taille des gouttes et turbine à vapeur associée - Google Patents

Procédé de réduction de l'érosion par impact de gouttes dans des turbines à vapeur par contrôle de la taille des gouttes et turbine à vapeur associée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2128386A2
EP2128386A2 EP09161199A EP09161199A EP2128386A2 EP 2128386 A2 EP2128386 A2 EP 2128386A2 EP 09161199 A EP09161199 A EP 09161199A EP 09161199 A EP09161199 A EP 09161199A EP 2128386 A2 EP2128386 A2 EP 2128386A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steam turbine
vanes
steam
drop
guide vanes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09161199A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2128386A3 (fr
EP2128386B1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Hammer
Tetsuo Kishimoto
Norbert Sürken
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2128386A2 publication Critical patent/EP2128386A2/fr
Publication of EP2128386A3 publication Critical patent/EP2128386A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2128386B1 publication Critical patent/EP2128386B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/32—Collecting of condensation water; Drainage ; Removing solid particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/31—Application in turbines in steam turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/10—Stators
    • F05D2240/12—Fluid guiding means, e.g. vanes
    • F05D2240/122—Fluid guiding means, e.g. vanes related to the trailing edge of a stator vane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/20—Rotors
    • F05D2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05D2240/304—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor related to the trailing edge of a rotor blade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
    • F05D2270/11—Purpose of the control system to prolong engine life
    • F05D2270/114—Purpose of the control system to prolong engine life by limiting mechanical stresses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
    • F05D2270/17—Purpose of the control system to control boundary layer
    • F05D2270/172—Purpose of the control system to control boundary layer by a plasma generator, e.g. control of ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/60—Control system actuates means
    • F05D2270/62—Electrical actuators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for reducing the drop impact erosion in steam turbines by controlling the droplet size, where formed by condensation in the vapor flow primary droplets of water, which are partially deposited on the vanes and continue to and behind the vanes secondary drops, which is a considerably larger Have volume as the primary drops.
  • the invention relates to a steam turbine with an auxiliary device for carrying out this method.
  • This water film flows - driven by the vapor flow - to the trailing edges of the vanes and tears off there in the form of drops, which are substantially larger than the primary droplets formed primarily by condensation in the vapor volume. Because these secondary drops have a high mass compared to the primary drops, they can follow the steam flow only to a limited extent because of their inertia and therefore collide with high relative speeds on the rotor blades rotating downstream of the vane. In doing so, they sometimes cause high damage through drop impact erosion.
  • the first category falls both measures for the discharge of water through channel-like structures to the outside (suction slots / Absauggebohrungen) as well as measures for the evaporation of the water films by heating the vanes from the inside.
  • the second category includes measures to control the condensation in the vapor volume, which results in the formation of a higher number of smaller droplets that can better follow the flow and therefore do not deposit on the vanes so quickly.
  • the third category includes measures that modify the surface properties of vanes as well as measures that promote atomization by targeted vapor ejection in the area of the trailing edge of the vane.
  • Measures to control volume condensation can be a major source of water film formation on vanes influence, namely the volume condensation. Part of the finest droplets thus formed can still accumulate on the vanes. The surface condensation as a second source of water on the turbine blades can not be prevented by a measure of the second category.
  • the heating of the guide vanes requires, in addition to the use of small amounts of higher-energy heating steam increased equipment complexity, which can significantly increase the cost of the product steam turbine despite proven high efficiency.
  • the size of the secondary drops either at the drop break on the Greatly reduce the trailing edge of the vanes, or at least accelerate the destruction of large secondary drops before they reach the next row of turbine blades.
  • This is inventively achieved in that electrical fields are generated on the vanes, which lead due to the electrostatic forces for premature demolition of the water droplets and thus reduced secondary droplet sizes. Since the electric fields also exert dipole forces on the droplets in the volume, which increase with increasing droplet diameter, secondary droplets in the vapor volume can be comminuted with suitable electric fields.
  • the electric fields are generated by applying electrical voltages to suitable electrode structures in the steam turbine.
  • the electrodes are formed by the turbine blades themselves by moving blades and vanes to different electrical potentials.
  • the complete rotor is suspended in isolation and subjected to high voltage while the guide vanes and the turbine housing are grounded.
  • the rotor can be grounded, while the vanes are used isolated and subjected to high voltage.
  • the proposed measures according to the invention are characterized by low energy consumption, because hardly any electrical power has to be provided for the generation of electric fields.
  • a significant electric current that would lead to the dissipation of electrical energy, does not flow under the conditions prevailing in steam turbines - namely extremely pure steam to prevent corrosion.
  • the energy requirement can be estimated roughly by the difference of the surface energies, which become coarser during comminution results in finer droplets.
  • the droplet size can be determined according to the invention by the amplitude of the electric field, i. for a given electrode geometry by the electrical voltages used, control.
  • the force that leads to the destruction of the water drops also requires no electrical charge of the drops, z. B. by ionization or addition of ion-forming materials.
  • the reason for this is that water is dipole-polarizable, i. an electric field induces a dipole moment to which the electric field in turn exerts a force that causes the droplet to elongate until it finally becomes unstable and decays because the surface tension is no longer sufficient due to the strong curvature of the surface, to hold the drop together.
  • a voltage of fixed frequency can be applied to the electrode system. This causes the vibration of droplets, as they reach a certain size, to resonate with the electric field. This very quickly leads to extreme deformation of the drops, which leads to decay.
  • the frequency of the electric field can be cyclically varied within a certain range. As a result, a certain range of sizes of drops is crushed.
  • the high voltage can be applied to the rotor blades by passing the rotor axis in isolation through the outer casing of the steam turbine.
  • the disadvantage of this arrangement is that on the one hand the rotor must be electrically isolated from the generator, on the other hand, the high voltage must be supplied to a rotating part safely and smoothly.
  • the preferred solution is therefore to ground the rotor with blades and instead to apply high voltage to the vanes. Since the housing of the steam turbine should be largely grounded for safety reasons, various arrangements are proposed for this purpose.
  • individual vanes are used in isolation in the housing of the steam turbine.
  • a plurality of guide vanes can be acted upon in parallel with the same voltage.
  • this embodiment also allows the control of adjacent vanes with different voltages. So z. B. worked with multi-phase power supply which reduces the emission of electromagnetic waves to the outside. In addition, this results in a further reduction of the electrical capacity of the structure.
  • regions may be isolated from the remainder of the respective vane and provided with an electrical feedthrough to the outside. In this way can be z. B. avoid electrical insulation problems of the vanes against the rotor, without causing any significant loss of efficiency.
  • a region which is preferably subjected to high voltage may, for this purpose, lie in the region of the trailing edge of the guide blade that lies further outward.
  • the applied high voltage does not exceed a critical value at which the formation of electrical gas discharges would occur.
  • the amplitude of the voltage on a guide vane is controlled so that the so-called reduced electric field, that is the quotient of electric field strength and number density of the vapor molecules, does not locally exceed 80 ⁇ 10 21 Vm 2 .
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 1 means a steam turbine, of which only one part is shown.
  • Arrangements with more rows of blades are also conceivable.
  • the influx of steam takes place.
  • the vapor stream is directed into the assembly of stator 4 and rotor 2 with the blades 3, 3 ', 3 ", which causes the rotor to rotate via the conversion of flow energy to mechanical energy, thereby operating a mechanically connected generator and electrical power be generated.
  • a saturation line S (also: dew line) is drawn, after which the steam is present in the thermodynamic equilibrium partly in liquid, partly in gaseous state.
  • the rotor 2 has an electrically insulating bushing 13 and a subsequent slip ring 14, via which an AC voltage source 15 is connected, which supplies an AC voltage U (t).
  • stator vanes 5 are electrically insulated from the stator 2 or housing and form a separately insulated component 10 which is connected to the voltage source 15 for the alternating voltage U (t) .
  • the rotor 2 is earthed in this case thus the same effect as in FIG. 1 ,
  • FIG. 2 In another modification of FIG. 2 be according to FIG. 3
  • an insulating layer 11 and electrically insulated thereon an electrode 12 is applied to the trailing edge of one of the guide vanes 5, 5 ', 5 "applied to the voltage source 15 for the AC voltage U (t)
  • the structure and the electrical connection largely correspond to the FIG. 2
  • the use of alternating voltages is typically carried out at frequencies of 100 Hz to 100 kHz.
  • the range is preferably between 1 kHz and 10 kHz, because it leads particularly efficiently to the destruction of drops with diameters in the range of a few 0.1 mm.
  • the time required for the destruction of the droplets is reduced by a factor of 10-20 compared to DC voltage, and the voltage amplitude can be reduced by a factor of 5.
  • FIG. 4 In the FIG. 4 is a single vane of a turbine designated 50, which has a conventional convex-concave profile profile. At the trailing edge of the vane 50, which acts as a tear-off edge for liquid water, an electrode 52 is attached via an insulator 51. To the electrode 52, the electrical voltage from the voltage source 15 according to the Figures 2 and 3 created. It is thus the arrangement after FIG. 3 realized.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
EP20090161199 2008-05-30 2009-05-27 Procédé de réduction de l'érosion par impact de gouttes dans des turbines à vapeur par contrôle de la taille des gouttes et turbine à vapeur associée Not-in-force EP2128386B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200810026031 DE102008026031A1 (de) 2008-05-30 2008-05-30 Verfahren zur Reduzierung der Tropfenschlagerosion in Dampfturbinen durch Kontrolle der Tropfengröße und zugehörige Dampfturbine

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2128386A2 true EP2128386A2 (fr) 2009-12-02
EP2128386A3 EP2128386A3 (fr) 2010-12-15
EP2128386B1 EP2128386B1 (fr) 2014-04-02

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20090161199 Not-in-force EP2128386B1 (fr) 2008-05-30 2009-05-27 Procédé de réduction de l'érosion par impact de gouttes dans des turbines à vapeur par contrôle de la taille des gouttes et turbine à vapeur associée

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2128386B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102008026031A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103133065A (zh) * 2011-11-30 2013-06-05 高德伟 汽轮机外缘内表面去湿隔板
WO2015112075A1 (fr) 2014-01-22 2015-07-30 Climeon Ab Cycle thermodynamique amélioré fonctionnant à basse pression à l'aide d'une turbine radiale
CN114776390A (zh) * 2022-04-21 2022-07-22 西安交通大学 一种基于超声波的末级静叶除湿结构
IT202200000209A1 (it) * 2022-01-10 2023-07-10 Verme Massimo Sistema per la regolazione del flusso attorno ad un hydrofoil per mezzo della forza elettrostatica

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3859005A (en) * 1973-08-13 1975-01-07 Albert L Huebner Erosion reduction in wet turbines
US20020174655A1 (en) * 2001-05-22 2002-11-28 Tarelin Anatoly Oleksiovych Device to increase turbine efficiency by removing electric charge from steam
US20050207880A1 (en) * 2003-01-14 2005-09-22 Tarelin Anatoly O Electrostatic method and device to increase power output and decrease erosion in steam turbines

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3859005A (en) * 1973-08-13 1975-01-07 Albert L Huebner Erosion reduction in wet turbines
US20020174655A1 (en) * 2001-05-22 2002-11-28 Tarelin Anatoly Oleksiovych Device to increase turbine efficiency by removing electric charge from steam
US20050207880A1 (en) * 2003-01-14 2005-09-22 Tarelin Anatoly O Electrostatic method and device to increase power output and decrease erosion in steam turbines

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103133065A (zh) * 2011-11-30 2013-06-05 高德伟 汽轮机外缘内表面去湿隔板
WO2015112075A1 (fr) 2014-01-22 2015-07-30 Climeon Ab Cycle thermodynamique amélioré fonctionnant à basse pression à l'aide d'une turbine radiale
US10082030B2 (en) 2014-01-22 2018-09-25 Climeon Ab Thermodynamic cycle operating at low pressure using a radial turbine
IT202200000209A1 (it) * 2022-01-10 2023-07-10 Verme Massimo Sistema per la regolazione del flusso attorno ad un hydrofoil per mezzo della forza elettrostatica
CN114776390A (zh) * 2022-04-21 2022-07-22 西安交通大学 一种基于超声波的末级静叶除湿结构

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Publication number Publication date
EP2128386A3 (fr) 2010-12-15
DE102008026031A1 (de) 2009-12-03
EP2128386B1 (fr) 2014-04-02

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