EP2124007A1 - Procédé destiné au séchage de boues d'épuration - Google Patents

Procédé destiné au séchage de boues d'épuration Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2124007A1
EP2124007A1 EP08009528A EP08009528A EP2124007A1 EP 2124007 A1 EP2124007 A1 EP 2124007A1 EP 08009528 A EP08009528 A EP 08009528A EP 08009528 A EP08009528 A EP 08009528A EP 2124007 A1 EP2124007 A1 EP 2124007A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
sewage sludge
water
temperature
enthalpy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08009528A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Roman Faeh
Walter Bollier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Luwa Air Engineering AG
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Luwa Air Engineering AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Luwa Air Engineering AG filed Critical Luwa Air Engineering AG
Priority to EP08009528A priority Critical patent/EP2124007A1/fr
Publication of EP2124007A1 publication Critical patent/EP2124007A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
    • F26B21/08—Humidity
    • F26B21/086—Humidity by condensing the moisture in the drying medium, which may be recycled, e.g. using a heat pump cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/005—Treatment of dryer exhaust gases
    • F26B25/006—Separating volatiles, e.g. recovering solvents from dryer exhaust gases

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for the cryogenic drying of mechanically dewatered sewage sludge.
  • the residue left is sewage sludge, a mixture of water and solids.
  • the sewage sludge also contains the solids resulting from chemical and / or biological wastewater purification.
  • Sewage sludge has a low solids content in the initial state. By mechanical dewatering by gravity thickening and centrifuging, solids contents of about 30-35% are achieved.
  • the sewage sludge produced today is incinerated in accordance with current environmental standards, which is easily feasible due to the high organic content of sewage sludge.
  • the sewage sludge can be used for energy production, which is also advantageous because the combustion of waste in relation to the Kyoto Protocol is considered to be CO 2 -neutral.
  • the mechanically dewatered sewage sludge is either fed to a waste incinerator, or it is dried to granules and burned in a cement plant.
  • the high organic content of sewage sludge granules makes it a valuable alternative fuel for the cement industry.
  • the sewage sludge is passed through a dryer by means of a conveyor belt, through which heated air flows.
  • the temperature in the dryer is a maximum of 85 ° C.
  • This method can also be combined with upstream thin-film evaporation.
  • a low-temperature / recirculating-air dryer is a belt dryer that is operated with a recirculating air circulation and without sludge back-mixing.
  • the low-temperature drying such as in DE 10 2004 051 975 described.
  • the sewage sludge is dried with warm air, which has a temperature of about 50-200 ° C, preferably 80-120 ° C.
  • the heat required to heat the air can be provided, for example, by the ambient air, waste heat from the treatment plant or by a burner. Due to the relatively low drying temperature, the energy requirement is also limited.
  • a significant disadvantage of the low-temperature drying of sewage sludge is the generation of significant odor emissions. These are caused by unpleasant-smelling substances contained in sewage sludge - such as ammonia or mercaptans - which are released together with the exhaust air to the environment.
  • mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge which typically has a solids content of about 30-35%, dried in a cryogenic process by applying air.
  • a certain (minimum) solids content may be necessary or desired.
  • dried sewage sludge for incineration in a cement plant must have a solids content of at least 95%.
  • the process conditions - such as the duration of the impingement, the temperature of the air, the relative and / or absolute humidity of the air, the enthalpy of the air, the sewage sludge amount, the stratification of sewage sludge, the layer thickness and / or a continuous or batch operation - be selected such that the dried sewage sludge has the desired solids content.
  • the air when exposed to air, the air may be passed over or through the sewage sludge.
  • the sewage sludge can be moved for example on a conveyor belt through a drying room. If the air passes through the sewage sludge is guided, transverse to the transport direction of the sewage sludge, the sewage sludge is preferably applied to a grid or sieve-like pad, so that the air can be blown through the pad.
  • the air is dehumidified in a cold water air scrubber.
  • the air is sprayed with cold wash water and cooled, and at least part of the moisture contained in the air is removed or condensed out.
  • the washing water is at least partially recirculated.
  • any solid particles contained in the air are washed out in the cold water air scrubber. These can later be removed, for example by means of a filter from the wash water.
  • washing water can be used in the cold water air scrubber also at least partially correspondingly cool fresh water for dehumidifying the air.
  • the wash water is cooled prior to spraying the air. In this case, for example, a chiller can be used for cooling.
  • the sludge Before the sludge is treated with the dehumidified air, the latter is heated, for example in a heat exchanger.
  • a heat transfer medium for example water
  • any other heat source or combinations of heat sources may be used, for example an electric oven or an incinerator.
  • the low-temperature drying process according to the invention also largely avoids the odor emissions.
  • Olfactometric studies have shown that the odor emissions increase significantly with increasing enthalpy of the drying air. Since the process according to the invention is preferably carried out at low enthalpy values, the odor emissions are largely avoided.
  • the temperature and the humidity of the air in the process according to the invention are controlled such that the enthalpy of the air during the entire process, ie during charging, washing and heating, is between 15 and 80 kJ / kg, in particular between 20 and 60 kJ / kg. In this way energy consumption and odor emissions can be minimized. If a sewage sludge batch is particularly odor-intensive, the corresponding environmental impact is reduced or completely eliminated by setting a particularly low enthalpy value.
  • At least partially recirculated air is used to treat the sewage sludge.
  • at least part of the air is washed after the addition of the sewage sludge in the cold water air scrubber and recirculated.
  • the use of recirculated air in the process according to the invention reduces the need for fresh air.
  • the amount of air is also reduced, which is delivered to the environment. Since the non-recirculated portion of the air, the exhaust air, must be cleaned prior to discharge to the environment, reducing the amount of air discharged to the environment can reduce the process cost.
  • the energy required for dehumidifying and heating the recirculated air is less than that which would be necessary for the dehumidification and heating of fresh air. In this case, the energy consumption and thus the costs of sewage sludge drying can be further reduced.
  • At least partially fresh air is used to treat the sewage sludge.
  • the use of more or less fresh air or recirculated air is energetically and economically more favorable.
  • the amount of fresh air supplied is controlled as a function of the enthalpy of the system.
  • the temperature and the relative humidity of the air after the application of the sewage sludge and that of the fresh air are measured. From this, the enthalpy of the two "air types" is determined, for example on the basis of a psychrometer diagram.
  • the energy consumption should be kept as low as possible.
  • the amount of fresh air supplied is controlled depending on the source and / or the composition of the sewage sludge.
  • the sewage sludge contains larger or smaller amounts of odorants.
  • the enthalpy of the system is chosen to be particularly low in the case of particularly odorous sewage sludge.
  • the air in the cold water air scrubber to a temperature of 3-15 ° C, in particular from 5-10 ° C, cooled.
  • air contains a maximum of 12.8 g of water per m 3 of air, at 10 ° C a maximum of 9.4 g / m 3 , and at 5 ° C a maximum of 6.8 g / m 3 .
  • the air in the cold water scrubber is cooled to a temperature of about 8 ° C.
  • the temperature of the wash water is controlled so that the air in the cold water air scrubber to a temperature of 3-15 ° C, in particular from 5-10 ° C, cooled.
  • the dehumidified air is heated to a temperature of 25-45 ° C, in particular of 30-40 ° C after the cold water air scrubber before applying the sewage sludge.
  • the relative humidity of the air decreases, so that the air can absorb more moisture from the sewage sludge to be dried.
  • the temperature and the enthalpy of the air remain so deep throughout the process that odor emissions are substantially avoided.
  • At least partial waste heat from the refrigeration for cooling the washing water is used to heat the air.
  • the heat transfer by means of any heat transfer medium, for example water, take place.
  • a first portion of the air is supplied to the cold water air scrubber, and a second portion of the air is purified, for example by acid scrubbers or biofilters, and then discharged to the environment as exhaust air.
  • the acid scrubber removes ammonia and other amines, mercaptans, and any particulate matter from the air. This prevents odor and environmental pollution caused by these substances.
  • FIG. 1 When in FIG. 1 method according to the invention shown, mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge is exposed in a drying room 10 with air.
  • the drying space 10 has a sewage sludge inlet 11 and a sewage sludge outlet 12.
  • the sewage sludge is transported on a conveyor belt (not shown) through the drying space 10, for example.
  • the air for applying the sewage sludge passes through an air inlet 14 into the drying space 10 and is led away therefrom via an air outlet 15 and / or an exhaust air outlet 16.
  • a measuring device 18 serves to determine the temperature and the humidity of the air in the drying space 10. These values are used to determine the enthalpy of the air.
  • the drying space 10 with the air inlet 14 and the air outlet 15 is part of an air circuit 20.
  • the air is moved by means of a fan 21 through air ducts and from the drying room 10 by a cold water air washer 40 and a first heat exchanger 50 again guided back into the drying room 10.
  • the amount of air leaving the drying space 10 through the air outlet 15 is regulated by a first flap 22 arranged between the drying space 10 and the cold water air washer 40.
  • the air circuit 20 has three measuring devices 24, 25, 26, in which the temperature and the humidity of the air are measured. These values serve to determine the enthalpy of the air at various points in the air circuit 20: between the first flap 22 and the cold water air washer 40, between the cold water air washer 40 and the first heat exchanger 50, and between the first heat exchanger 50 and the drying space 10.
  • the enthalpy values determined in the measuring devices 18, 24, 25 and 26 serve to regulate and control the process conditions.
  • the air circuit 20 fresh air can be supplied.
  • the amount of supplied fresh air is controlled by a second flap 32.
  • the fresh air supply line 30 has a weather protection grid 36 and a measuring device 34, which allows the determination of their enthalpy by measuring the temperature and humidity of the fresh air. Depending on the determined in the measuring devices 24 and 34 enthalpy values more or less fresh air is supplied.
  • the air is dehumidified in the cold water air washer 40, cooled and cleaned.
  • the air from the air circuit 20 is introduced through an air inlet 41 into the cold water air scrubber 40.
  • the cold-water air washer 40 has in the flow direction one behind the other a rectifier 44, water spray nozzles 46 and a droplet 48.
  • the air introduced through the air inlet 41 is first passed through the rectifier 44 to achieve a uniform flow downstream of the rectifier 44. After that, the air becomes guided by the dense drizzle of wash water from the water spray nozzles 46.
  • the air is cooled and dehumidified, and any solid particles contained in the air are washed out.
  • droplets of water which are still present in the air are separated from the air in the droplet separator 48 before the cooled and dehumidified air leaves the cold water air scrubber 40 through an air outlet 42.
  • the temperature and humidity of the dehumidified air is measured by the measuring device 25.
  • the air leaving the cold water air scrubber 40 through the air outlet 42 is introduced through an air inlet 52 into the first heat exchanger 50 where it is heated to the desired drying temperature.
  • an air outlet 54 the heated air exits the first heat exchanger 50 and enters the drying room 10 through the air inlet 14.
  • the temperature and humidity of the heated air from the first heat exchanger 50 is determined by the measuring device 26.
  • air may be supplied from the drying room 10 through the exhaust outlet 16 to an exhaust duct 130.
  • the air supplied to the exhaust air line 130 is guided by a fan 132 successively through an acid scrubber 140, a third flap 134 and a weather protection grille 136 and discharged to the environment.
  • the amount of air that is released through the exhaust duct 130 to the environment is controlled by the fan 132 and / or the third flap 134.
  • the air in the exhaust duct 130 is introduced into the acid scrubber 140 through an air inlet 141.
  • the Acid scrubber 140 has a rectifier 144, acid nozzles 146 to which acid is pumped by an acid pump 147, and a mist eliminator 148.
  • the air introduced through the air inlet 141 is first passed through the rectifier 144 to achieve a uniform flow. Thereafter, the air is sprayed with acid from the acid nozzles 146. This removes airborne solids and odors, such as ammonia.
  • water and / or acid droplets still contained in the air are removed from the air before the purified air is led out of the acid scrubber 140 through an air outlet 142.
  • the washing water used in the cold water air washer 40 for dehumidifying the air is at least partially recirculated in a washing water circuit 60.
  • the recirculated wash water is conveyed in the wash water circuit 60 by a first water pump 61.
  • the washing water is passed through water pipes in a second heat exchanger 70 and then back.
  • the wash water sprayed in the cold water air washer 40 through the water spray nozzles 46 and used to clean the air is collected in a water basin 63.
  • the washing water is filtered through a standing water filter 65 in order to separate off any solid particles contained therein.
  • the water basin 63 has first and second wash water outlets 67 and 68. By the first washing water outlet 67, the washing water is sucked out of the water tank 63 and pumped through water lines of the washing water circuit 60 to the second heat exchanger 70.
  • wash water is through a wash water inlet 72 is introduced into the second heat exchanger 70 and cooled therein before it is led away by a wash water outlet 74 from the second heat exchanger 70 and pumped to the water spray nozzles 46 of the cold water air scrubber 40.
  • wash water outlet 68 of the water basin 63 washing water can be drained from the washing water circuit 60.
  • the recirculated wash water is cooled with water from a primary circuit 80.
  • the water is passed in the primary circuit 80 through a second water pump 82, wherein it is guided from the second heat exchanger 70 through water pipes in a refrigerator 90 and back again.
  • the water passes through the water inlets 76, and 92, respectively, into the second heat exchanger 70, respectively the chiller 90, and is led away therefrom by the water outlets 78, 94, respectively.
  • the chiller 90 serves to cool the water in the primary circuit 80.
  • the chiller 90 heats water circulating in a secondary circuit 100.
  • the water in the secondary circuit 100 is pumped by a third water pump 102 from the refrigerator 90, where it is heated, through a first connecting pipe 104 to the first heat exchanger 50, where it is used to heat the air, and back through a second connecting pipe 106 the chiller 90 out.
  • a third water pump 102 from the refrigerator 90, where it is heated, through a first connecting pipe 104 to the first heat exchanger 50, where it is used to heat the air, and back through a second connecting pipe 106 the chiller 90 out.
  • it is through the water inlets 56, and 96, in the first heat exchanger 50, respectively, the chiller 90, introduced and led away through the water outlets 58, respectively 98, again from this.
  • the two connecting tubes 104 and 106 of the secondary circuit 100 which connect the first heat exchanger 50 with the refrigerator 90, are also connected to a heat source 110 and a heat dissipation 120. If necessary, additional heat can be supplied to the secondary circuit 100 by the heat source 110, while the heat removal 120 serves to remove excess heat from the secondary circuit 100.
  • a heat source 100 for heating the water in the secondary circuit 100 for example, a heat pump or a boiler can be used.
  • a heat dissipation 120 for example, a cooling tower or a boiler preheating may be used, the latter permitting further use of the excess heat.
  • Example 1 Olfactometric determination of odor emission at 20-22 ° C
  • the air was heated to a temperature of about 20-22 ° C and an absolute humidity of 3.5 g / kg (sample 1), 7.0 g / kg (sample 2), or 10.0 g / kg (sample 3) preconditioned.
  • the air was passed through the drying room at a speed of 1 m / s, with the air being blown through the sewage sludge.
  • Table 1 The results of the odor measurements are summarized in Table 1 and in FIG. 2 shown graphically.
  • the values given for the odor correspond in each case to the mean value from the 24 individual poband measurements for the respective sample.
  • the odor is quantified in odor units (GE). Depending on the composition of the substance, an odor emission at higher or lower values is perceived as unpleasant and / or disturbing.
  • Table 1 sample temperature (° C) enthalpy (kJ / kg) odor (GE / m 3 ) 1 21.3 28.0 130 2 20.0 39.0 157 3 20.0 46.0 2814
  • Example 2 Olfactometric determination of odor emission at 25-28 ° C
  • Example 6 The measurements were carried out analogously to Example 1, but the air to a temperature of about 25-28 ° C and an absolute humidity of 4.0 g / kg (sample 4), 7.0 g / kg (sample 5), respectively 9.2 g / kg (sample 6) was preconditioned.
  • Table 2 sample temperature (° C) enthalpy (kJ / kg) odor (GE / m 3 ) 4 25.8 34.8 126 5 27.5 48.0 176 6 26.5 49.0 2814 It has been shown that the odor increases with increasing enthalpy at approximately the same temperature.
  • Example 3 Olfactometric determination of odor emission at 35-38 ° C
  • Example 7 The measurements were carried out analogously to Example 1, but the air was at a temperature of about 35-38 ° C and an absolute humidity of 3.5 g / kg (sample 7), 7.0 g / kg (sample 8), or 8.5 g / kg (sample 9) was preconditioned.
  • Table 3 sample temperature (° C) enthalpy (kJ / kg) odor (GE / m 3 ) 7 35.0 45.0 209 8th 37.2 45.8 968 9 37.1 59.0 5962 It has been shown that the odor increases with increasing enthalpy at approximately the same temperature.
  • Example 4 Olfactometric determination of odor emission at 45-51 ° C
  • Example 6 The measurements were carried out analogously to Example 1, but the air to a temperature of about 45-51 ° C and an absolute humidity of 3.5 g / kg (sample 4), 7.0 g / kg (sample 5), respectively 8.0 g / kg (sample 6) was preconditioned.
  • Table 4 sample temperature (° C) enthalpy (kJ / kg) odor (GE / m 3 ) 10 45.7 55.0 384 11 49.5 69.0 556 12 50.9 70.3 6502

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
EP08009528A 2008-05-24 2008-05-24 Procédé destiné au séchage de boues d'épuration Withdrawn EP2124007A1 (fr)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010005253A1 (de) * 2010-01-20 2011-07-21 Niederbacher, Michael, Dr. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Behandeln und/oder Aufbereiten von flüssigem Gärrest aus einem Nachgärer und/oder Fermenter einer Biogasanlage

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0552583A1 (fr) * 1991-12-23 1993-07-28 Bio-Con A/S Procédé et installation pour la destruction de boues organiques, spécialement de boues activées
EP0690742A1 (fr) * 1993-03-23 1996-01-10 GRANSTRAND, Lennart Procede et installation d'epuration d'un gaz chaud et de recuperation d'energie dans ce processus
DE19654093A1 (de) * 1996-12-23 1998-06-25 Klein Alb Gmbh Co Kg Verfahren zur Niedertemperaturtrocknung von Feuchtgut und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
US6623546B1 (en) * 1999-01-28 2003-09-23 Sirven Method and installation for chemical purification of vapor in a dehydrator with mechanical vapor compression
WO2004002905A1 (fr) * 2002-07-01 2004-01-08 Regina Kolb Procede de regulation du sechage basse temperature d'un produit humide
DE102004051975B3 (de) 2004-10-25 2006-04-13 Volkmar Schäfer Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Trocknung von Klärschlamm

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0552583A1 (fr) * 1991-12-23 1993-07-28 Bio-Con A/S Procédé et installation pour la destruction de boues organiques, spécialement de boues activées
EP0690742A1 (fr) * 1993-03-23 1996-01-10 GRANSTRAND, Lennart Procede et installation d'epuration d'un gaz chaud et de recuperation d'energie dans ce processus
DE19654093A1 (de) * 1996-12-23 1998-06-25 Klein Alb Gmbh Co Kg Verfahren zur Niedertemperaturtrocknung von Feuchtgut und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
US6623546B1 (en) * 1999-01-28 2003-09-23 Sirven Method and installation for chemical purification of vapor in a dehydrator with mechanical vapor compression
WO2004002905A1 (fr) * 2002-07-01 2004-01-08 Regina Kolb Procede de regulation du sechage basse temperature d'un produit humide
DE102004051975B3 (de) 2004-10-25 2006-04-13 Volkmar Schäfer Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Trocknung von Klärschlamm

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
TOMALLA M: "Klaerschlammtrocknung am Beispiel der Kalt- und Umlufttrocknung", UMWELTPRAXIS, VIEWEG PUBLISHING, WIESBADEN, DE, vol. 12, no. 1, 1 January 2001 (2001-01-01), pages 16 - 18, XP008023285, ISSN: 1616-5829 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010005253A1 (de) * 2010-01-20 2011-07-21 Niederbacher, Michael, Dr. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Behandeln und/oder Aufbereiten von flüssigem Gärrest aus einem Nachgärer und/oder Fermenter einer Biogasanlage
DE102010005253B4 (de) 2010-01-20 2024-02-08 Bts Biogas Srl/Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Behandeln und/oder Aufbereiten von flüssigem Gärrest aus einem Nachgärer und/oder Fermenter einer Biogasanlage

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