EP2119540A1 - Corps de formage en bois de balsa et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Corps de formage en bois de balsa et son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2119540A1
EP2119540A1 EP08405136A EP08405136A EP2119540A1 EP 2119540 A1 EP2119540 A1 EP 2119540A1 EP 08405136 A EP08405136 A EP 08405136A EP 08405136 A EP08405136 A EP 08405136A EP 2119540 A1 EP2119540 A1 EP 2119540A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
adhesive
fiber direction
lumbers
wood
adhesives
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08405136A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Wolf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
3A Composites International AG
Original Assignee
3A Technology and Management AG
Alcan Technology and Management Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 3A Technology and Management AG, Alcan Technology and Management Ltd filed Critical 3A Technology and Management AG
Priority to EP08405136A priority Critical patent/EP2119540A1/fr
Publication of EP2119540A1 publication Critical patent/EP2119540A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/10—Moulding of mats
    • B27N3/14—Distributing or orienting the particles or fibres
    • B27N3/143—Orienting the particles or fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/10—Moulding of mats
    • B27N3/14—Distributing or orienting the particles or fibres

Definitions

  • the invention relates to moldings containing balsa wood and process for their preparation.
  • Balsa wood is a very light and easy to work type of wood. In addition to its use as a raft construction and as a cork replacement, balsa wood is used by model builders for aircraft and ship models. Balsa wood, however, has the greatest importance as a core material of composite materials in sandwich construction, for example in boat, ship and yacht construction, in aviation, such as in sailing and light aircraft construction, in space travel and as a core or core material of rotor blades of e.g. Wind turbines. The good insulating properties of balsa wood are also used for insulation against heat and cold, for example, from fuel tanks. In the technical field of application, the low volume weight and the unusually high compressive strength in relation to the low raw weight are exploited parallel to the fiber direction.
  • the basic component produced for this purpose is the so-called end grain board.
  • end grain board For this purpose, four-sided processed balsa, also called Kantelhölzern or Balsakanteln, into large blocks, for example in cross-section about 600 x 1200 mm, glued and then sawed transversely to the fiber direction into plates of any thickness, for example about 5 to 50 mm, and then to the exact Dickenmass ground.
  • This light end grain board can absorb very strong compressive forces over the surface, but is very unstable in itself.
  • transverse to the fiber direction of plastic plates, reinforced with glass, plastic or carbon fibers plastic sheets or layers, metal plates or sheets, wood panels, veneers, fabrics, films, etc. on the middle layer material or a end grain, you get heavy duty Composites.
  • the end grain board is glued on one side with a thin fiber fleece, knitted fabric or fabric and carved from the opposite side cuboid or cube-shaped to a thin web.
  • the prepared plate can be made in any concave or convex shape and can be a curved shape, such as a boat or buoyancy body or a ball tank, adapted.
  • Balsa wood is a natural product. Therefore, the characteristics of the balsa wood within the woods of a crop can change to sections of a tree trunk. This concerns, for example, the bulk density, the moisture, the shrinkage, the compressive strength, the tensile strength, etc., and the porosity may vary. Deficiencies in the trunks, such as internal cracks, so-called red-core or water-heart, fibrous tangles or mineral spots, unless removed prematurely with loss of wood, can influence the regularity of the properties of a end grain board.
  • the invention has for its object to use the wood better and in greater yield and moldings containing balsa wood with at least approximately describe the same or better characteristics than the natural balsa wood and propose a process for their rational production.
  • the shaped body comprises lumbers made of transverse or brain slices of balsa wood, arranged in a stack and aligned with respect to their fiber direction, and contains adhesives between the lumbers.
  • the fiber direction, resp. the fiber profile, aligned substantially concurrently and the fiber profile of the individual lumber can from 0 ° to 30 ° (degree of angle), suitably 0 ° to 10 ° and preferably from 0 ° to 3 °, from an axis in the general direction of fiber or direction of the fiber flow in Moldings deviate.
  • the deviation of the fiber profile of the individual lumbers is at 0 ° or as close as possible to 0 ° from a general or ideal straight line direction or from an axis parallel to the fiber flow in the molding.
  • the grain of the lumber in the molded body should be as parallel as possible and include an angle between the axis in the direction of the fiber flow and the individual fibers in the timber of not more than 30 °.
  • the balsa wood lumbers are obtained from logs whose wood has, for example, a density of 0.07 to 0.25 g / cm 3 .
  • Soft balsa wood has a density of 0.07 to 0.125 g / cm 3 , medium hard balsa wood of 0.125 to 0.175 g / cm 3 and hard balsa wood of 0.175 to 0.25 g / cm 3 .
  • the size of the individual lumbers can, for example, be from 1 to 50 mm, preferably from 2 to 20 mm, in their height, ie in the direction of the grain of the fiber.
  • a side length of the sawn timber of 5 to 250 mm, respectively, or in the case of rounded rounded starting materials, the average diameter may be from 5 to 250 mm.
  • the lumber from cross or brain slices may result from the shredding of balsa wood material by cutting across the grain.
  • Balsaholzmaterial stems or trunk sections even small-diameter strains, for example of young plants, planks, the cutting of planks, boards and the like.
  • Resulting Balsaholzreste etc. are used, also residues that are obtained when sawing or cutting to length of logs or planks.
  • the wood is made by cross-sections or end-grain wood cuts, i. by cuts across or perpendicular to the fiber or to the grain, divided, as cut, split, ev. Sawed and in particular cut. This produces lumber with a smooth surface and a very low proportion of fines.
  • the cutting of the wood can be done by knives, by laser cutting, possibly by sawing, etc.
  • the lumbers are usually from fresh wood, such as logs from logs, for example, by cutting the lumber across the grain in the piece of wood produced, and after cutting the lumber, preferably dried in a drum dryer. Subsequently, the lumbers can be graded by sifting and / or screening according to size and density and stored on a case by case basis.
  • the lumbers are glued in particular.
  • the lumbers are uniformly coated with the intended amount of adhesive by pre-coating or direct coating, eg in a gluing drum, by spraying, sprinkling or dusting and mixing or by immersion.
  • the glued lumber can be - occasionally mixed from fractions of different density and / or size - processed into moldings.
  • the glued lumbers are in a shape-giving device, filled or heaped up and, if necessary by measures such as vibration, shaking, sifting in the air stream, etc. on a parallel fiber as possible in - advantageous as dense - stacking (parking) aligned and layered.
  • the Bulk may become discontinuous but is preferably carried out continuously.
  • the bed can be made on a belt.
  • the edges can be trimmed and the thickness or a preliminary thickness of the shaped body can be adjusted by doctoring or between rollers or belts.
  • the adhesive is activated, for example, in a continuous furnace and / or a double belt press or a heated continuous press, wherein, according to the adhesive, this foams, melts, reacts chemically, etc., and, optionally under pressure, the lumbers are mutually bonded separately.
  • this foams, melts, reacts chemically, etc., and, optionally under pressure, the lumbers are mutually bonded separately.
  • the adhesive can get into the spaces between the lumber and fill the gaps or glued joints partially and advantageously completely.
  • the width of the plates depends on the circumstances of the apparatus and may for example be from 50 to 300 cm. Since the plates can be manufactured continuously, their length can be set as desired. For practical reasons of further processing, the length of the plates is usually from 100 to 500 cm. Thus, plates of preset thickness can be mass-machined with concurrent fiber direction in the direction of height or thickness of the plate.
  • the panels already represent the end-grain panels and, according to the applications, the panels can be cut to size.
  • the applied pressure should be chosen such that the cell resp. Fiber structure of balsa wood is not changed or damaged, in particular, that the density of the balsa wood is not or only slightly changed by compression.
  • the pressing pressure should be set low because too high pressing pressure and the wood structure is compressed in total.
  • the applied pressure between two rollers and / or belts can be up to 50 bar, suitably 0.5 to 5 bar.
  • adhesives such as physical bonding adhesives or chemically curing adhesives can be used.
  • adhesives such as physical bonding adhesives or chemically curing adhesives
  • examples are one- or two-component polyurethane adhesives, one- or two-component epoxy resin adhesives, phenoplasts, such as phenol-formaldehyde adhesive, melamine-urea-phenol-formaldehyde adhesive, isocyanate adhesive, polyisocyanates, such as polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate, cyanoacrylate adhesive, acrylic resin adhesive, methyl methacrylate adhesive, hot-melt adhesive, rosin, etc.
  • Foaming adhesives or foam adhesives and, in particular, foaming or foamed polyurethane-containing adhesives are preferably used.
  • the adhesive into the pores, interstices or glued joints between the lumbers or to the mutual bearing surfaces, resp. Glued joints, get the lumber.
  • the adhesive can partially and advantageously completely fill the pores, gaps or gaps between the lumbers and create a release-resistant connection.
  • the novel moldings may contain adhesives in amounts of from 1 to 15% by volume, advantageously from 2 to 10% by volume and preferably from 3 to 5% by volume, based on the volume of the molding.
  • the fully reacted, such as foamed or set etc., adhesive the same or almost the same density as the density of the surrounding balsa wood.
  • the reacted adhesive based on the density of the balsa wood surrounding the adhesive, may, for example, have a 0 to 20% by weight higher or 0 to 20% by weight lower density.
  • Adhesives with densities of the reacted adhesive that are 0 to 10 wt% over or 0 to 10 wt% below the density of the surrounding balsa wood are preferred.
  • Foamed polyurethane adhesives are particularly suitable as adhesives with densities in the stated range. With the density is when foamed Glues meant their density.
  • the advantageous low density of Balsaholzes can be achieved with the inventive moldings.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for producing the shaped bodies from wood balsa wood which mixes with adhesive, aligned with respect to the fiber direction, wherein the fiber profile of the individual lumbers from 0 ° to 30 °, suitably 0 ° to 10 ° and preferably from 0 ° to 3 °, deviates from the axis of the general fiber profile, the adhesive is activated and solidified to form adhesive force by heat and / or pressure.
  • the balsa wood lumbers are solidified in a double belt press.
  • Preference is given to a process for the production of the shaped bodies in which adhesive is used in amounts of from 1 to 15% by volume, expediently from 2 to 10% by volume and preferably from 3 to 5% by volume, based on the volume of the shaped body.
  • the shaped articles are, for example, plates, but it is also possible to produce strips, beams, planks or plates which are now transversely to the fiber path in e.g. End grain boards can be shared. Beams or planks usually have a rectangular cross-section and can be further stacked into blocks with the same fiber direction or the same fiber path, mutually glued and split across the grain in end grain boards, such as sawed.
  • the moldings obtained according to the invention can be used in the same way as the plates produced so far.
  • the moldings according to the invention in particular end grain boards, can be glued to one side with nonwoven fabric, knitted fabrics, knits or fabrics and can be cut into cubes or cubes from the other side to a small residual thickness in the direction of the fiber flow.
  • the thus processed plate is thereby in bendable and can be brought into concave or convex shape.
  • balsa wood With the present method, it is possible to use the balsa wood to a much greater extent for shaped bodies, such as end-grain wood panels, than was previously possible.
  • a yield of only 24% can be achieved with conventional methods.
  • a yield of 60 to 70% is achieved.
  • almost all parts of the Balsaholzstammes at least as long as the parts are still aligned after the fiber orientation, be recycled or it can be peeled without waste or waste with very low waste and peeling products are fully utilized.
  • Balsa wood can be glued very well and permanently.
  • the strength of the glue joint may be, may be lower or exceed the strength of the surrounding wood fabric.
  • the adhesive in the adhesive joints may for example also form an actual support structure or a supporting network, which lead to even pressure and / or tear-resistant materials or the adhesive may reduce or increase the elasticity of a Balsaholzteils.
  • the adhesive joints may also contain reinforcing materials such as fibers, for example as part of the adhesive.
  • the novel moldings can be used in many ways become. For example, they are starting materials or finished products in the field of laminates, sandwich materials or the so-called composites. In the field of energy production, the moldings can form parts of propellers and wind blades for windmills or wind-driven generators or turbines.
  • the moldings can be used, for example, as core material or laminate in means of transport, such as ceilings, floors, shelves, wall coverings, covers, etc. in boats, ships, buses, trucks, railway vehicles, etc. Due to the low density of the molded body, these can serve as a replacement for conventional lightweight and core materials, such as honeycomb body, foams, etc.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 Based on FIGS. 1 to 3
  • the present invention is illustrated by way of example.
  • FIG. 1 represents a screed or a section of a Balsaholzstamm (2).
  • the arrow (L) points in the longitudinal direction, which corresponds to the growth direction and thus the general fiber flow.
  • Q represents the cross-sectional area, ie the cross-section of the fiber.
  • Arrow (R) points in the direction of the radial section surface.
  • Arrow (T) points towards the tangential interface.
  • FIG. 2 a section of a balsa wood trunk (2) is shown.
  • the arrow (L) points in the longitudinal direction, which corresponds to the growth direction and thus the general fiber profile.
  • arrow (L) is also the axis of the general fiber flow.
  • Q represents the cross-sectional area to the fiber flow.
  • a lumber (3) is sketchy of the trunk (2) removed by transverse or brain section, respectively. may be removed from the cross-sectional area by cross-section (ie, cut transversely to the fiber direction), such as cut or sawed off.
  • the grain of the lumber (3) also runs in the direction of the arrow (L).
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a shaped body in the form of a plate (4) of mutually bonded timber (3).
  • the plate has a side edge S 1 and a second side edge S 2 .
  • the grain of all lumber (3) lies in Direction of the arrow (L).
  • the arrow (L) at the same time represents the axis of the general fiber flow, from which the fiber path should deviate, for example, at most up to 30 °.
  • two lumbers (3) were designated, once in plan view, once in side view. It becomes clear that the lumbers (3) abut each other as tightly stacked as possible.
  • the stacking forms the height of the shaped body S 3 .
  • the grain of the lumber is as parallel as possible, resp.
  • Examples of such plates (4) have, for example, a side edge length S 3 or thickness of about 0.5 to 5 cm, the width or side edge S 1 can be from about 50 to 300 cm and the length or side edge S 2 can at a continuous process arbitrarily long, conveniently about 100 to 500 cm long.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
EP08405136A 2008-05-15 2008-05-15 Corps de formage en bois de balsa et son procédé de fabrication Withdrawn EP2119540A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08405136A EP2119540A1 (fr) 2008-05-15 2008-05-15 Corps de formage en bois de balsa et son procédé de fabrication

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08405136A EP2119540A1 (fr) 2008-05-15 2008-05-15 Corps de formage en bois de balsa et son procédé de fabrication

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EP2119540A1 true EP2119540A1 (fr) 2009-11-18

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EP08405136A Withdrawn EP2119540A1 (fr) 2008-05-15 2008-05-15 Corps de formage en bois de balsa et son procédé de fabrication

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101863063A (zh) * 2010-05-24 2010-10-20 福建农林大学 一种杉木间伐材制造高档斑马木游艇材料的加工方法
DE102013101428A1 (de) * 2013-02-13 2014-08-14 Airex Ag Biegeholzlaminat sowie darauf hergestelltes gebogenes Formteil
GB2558215A (en) * 2016-12-22 2018-07-11 Gurit Uk Ltd Cores for composite material sandwich panels

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4208369A (en) * 1977-12-14 1980-06-17 Baltek Corporation Technique for converting balsa logs into panels
US4271649A (en) * 1979-04-09 1981-06-09 Bombardier Limited Structural panel
US4461666A (en) * 1980-05-12 1984-07-24 Baltek Corporation Contoured balsa-core laminate
US4568585A (en) * 1985-02-22 1986-02-04 Baltek Corporation Contourable core for structural laminates
US5686175A (en) * 1992-10-17 1997-11-11 Moeller; Achim Recycled wood product with platelets
EP1792699A1 (fr) * 2005-12-02 2007-06-06 GÜNTHER ISENSEE Modellbaubedarf Procédé pour la fabrication de panneaux de particules à noyaux de balsa

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4208369A (en) * 1977-12-14 1980-06-17 Baltek Corporation Technique for converting balsa logs into panels
US4271649A (en) * 1979-04-09 1981-06-09 Bombardier Limited Structural panel
US4461666A (en) * 1980-05-12 1984-07-24 Baltek Corporation Contoured balsa-core laminate
US4568585A (en) * 1985-02-22 1986-02-04 Baltek Corporation Contourable core for structural laminates
US5686175A (en) * 1992-10-17 1997-11-11 Moeller; Achim Recycled wood product with platelets
EP1792699A1 (fr) * 2005-12-02 2007-06-06 GÜNTHER ISENSEE Modellbaubedarf Procédé pour la fabrication de panneaux de particules à noyaux de balsa

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101863063A (zh) * 2010-05-24 2010-10-20 福建农林大学 一种杉木间伐材制造高档斑马木游艇材料的加工方法
CN101863063B (zh) * 2010-05-24 2011-09-07 福建农林大学 一种杉木间伐材制造高档斑马木游艇材料的加工方法
DE102013101428A1 (de) * 2013-02-13 2014-08-14 Airex Ag Biegeholzlaminat sowie darauf hergestelltes gebogenes Formteil
WO2014124991A1 (fr) 2013-02-13 2014-08-21 Airex Ag Stratifié en bois cintrable et pièce façonnée cintrée produite à partir de celui-ci
GB2558215A (en) * 2016-12-22 2018-07-11 Gurit Uk Ltd Cores for composite material sandwich panels
GB2558215B (en) * 2016-12-22 2019-05-29 Gurit Uk Ltd Cores for composite material sandwich panels

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