EP2115308A2 - Dispositif de palier magnétique - Google Patents

Dispositif de palier magnétique

Info

Publication number
EP2115308A2
EP2115308A2 EP07845301A EP07845301A EP2115308A2 EP 2115308 A2 EP2115308 A2 EP 2115308A2 EP 07845301 A EP07845301 A EP 07845301A EP 07845301 A EP07845301 A EP 07845301A EP 2115308 A2 EP2115308 A2 EP 2115308A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnetic bearing
bearing device
control
component
current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07845301A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Manfred Schrödl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2115308A2 publication Critical patent/EP2115308A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/047—Details of housings; Mounting of active magnetic bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0444—Details of devices to control the actuation of the electromagnets
    • F16C32/0446—Determination of the actual position of the moving member, e.g. details of sensors
    • F16C32/0448—Determination of the actual position of the moving member, e.g. details of sensors by using the electromagnet itself as sensor, e.g. sensorless magnetic bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0459—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • F16C32/0461—Details of the magnetic circuit of stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • F16C32/0465—Details of the magnetic circuit of stationary parts of the magnetic circuit with permanent magnets provided in the magnetic circuit of the electromagnets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0474—Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement
    • F16C32/048—Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement with active support of two degrees of freedom, e.g. radial magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0482—Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement with active support of two degrees of freedom, e.g. radial magnetic bearings with three electromagnets to control the two degrees of freedom
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0474—Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement
    • F16C32/0485—Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement with active support of three degrees of freedom

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a magnetic bearing device for contactless mounting of a movable body, such as a shaft, with a stationary bearing part, with a solenoid system, which is supplied in operation of a deviations of the body from the desired position dependent control current.
  • Magnetic bearing devices use the effect that occur in the air gap between a moving body and a non-moving (stator) bearing part by magnetic flux density forces that increase quadratically with the flux density. These magnetic fluxes are caused by electrical currents in coils or by permanent magnets. Embodiments with permanent magnets have the advantage that they can be operated with significantly less electrical energy, since the permanent magnet excitation generates a basic flux density distribution in the air gap and an additional electrical winding system takes over a position control only the stabilization of the position coordinates to be controlled.
  • WO 01/48389 A such a magnetic bearing device is described, which has a stator structure in which every second stator tooth includes a permanent magnet and the remaining teeth are provided with control windings.
  • a disadvantage of this arrangement is that the sign of the flux density in the air gap changes after each tooth, whereby in the magnetic return part in the movable body (a wave) an alternating magnetic field occurs, which has high iron losses.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a magnetic bearing device of the initially mentioned type, which is characterized by a compact, space-saving training, and which is preferably for a construction of the magnetic bearing device with a position detection without mechanical sensors, instead with electronic position detection, is suitable.
  • the invention provides a magnetic bearing device as defined in claim 1.
  • Advantageous embodiments and further developments are specified in the dependent claims.
  • the available space is optimally utilized by accommodating one or more electronic components, for example the control electronics, the power supply and / or the power electronics, in the region of the system components of the magnetic bearing device, in particular in the region between return parts and control windings of a control winding system.
  • one or more electronic components for example the control electronics, the power supply and / or the power electronics
  • at least one measuring resistor and / or a (supporting) capacitor can be accommodated in free space as the electronic component.
  • power switches (electric valves) of an inverter of the power supply for the control winding system in vacant spaces between return parts and control winding components.
  • the return part (s) can also act in this context simply as a mounting plate, heat sink, electromagnetic shielding and / or housing part.
  • FIG. 3 shows an axial section of a third embodiment of the magnetic bearing device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows in a diagram a voltage-space pointer, for the purpose of illustrating three different measuring directions for the position regulation in the case of the magnetic bearing device according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of power supply and measuring means with a power supply DC link, with a DC link current and voltage measurement, for a magnetic bearing device
  • Fig. 6 shows a cross section through a magnetic bearing device according to the invention, wherein the use of free spaces between the electromagnetic components and the return parts of the magnetic bearing device for electronic components is schematically illustrated schematically.
  • Fig. 1 (Fig. IA and IB) is a magnetic bearing device 1 with a stationary bearing part 2 (hereinafter referred to as stator 2) and a movable body 3 in the form of a rotating shaft (hereinafter referred to as shaft 3) illustrated.
  • the stator 2 has an annular permanent magnet 4, to the conclusion of the ground flux generated by the permanent magnet 4 return parts 5, 6 are assigned.
  • FIG. 1B basic flux field lines are illustrated at 7 and 8, respectively.
  • the return parts 5, 6 may be formed by circular disks which, in the region of interfaces illustrated by dashed lines 9, adjoin an outer circular ring 10 which carries the permanent magnet 4 on its inner side.
  • the permanent magnet system 11 thus formed with the permanent magnet 4, which is radially magnetized, thus generates a base flux 7, 8 which, starting from the permanent magnet 4, extends, for example, toward the shaft 3, on which a ferromagnetically conductive ring 12 is applied in the region of the stator 2, through which the basic flow 7, 8 extends in the axial direction to the two outer return parts 5, 6 and through them and through the outer annulus 10 back to the permanent magnet 4.
  • the magnetic bearing device 1 furthermore has a control winding system 13 with control windings 14, 15 and 16 on radial teeth 17, 18, 19. These radial teeth 17, 18, 19 are each offset by 120 ° to each other, radially disposed within the permanent magnet 4, and they each carry one of the control windings 14, 15 and 16.
  • Fig. IA are further with dashed lines control flux field lines 20th indicated as they are each caused by two adjacent control windings 14-15, 15-16, 16-14, said control flow field lines 20 also extend through the ring 12 on the shaft 3 in the inner region. In case of deviations of the shaft 3 from the exact center position shown, a return of the shaft 3 can be achieved in this center position by means of the control flow 20, as will be explained in more detail below.
  • one of the magnetic bearing device 1 according to FIGS. 1A and 1B is substantially the same magnetic bearing device 1, especially as regards the control winding system 13, but unlike the magnetic bearing device 1 according to FIG. 1, a permanent magnet system 11 with two axially magnetized - th annular permanent magnets 4A and 4B shown.
  • FIG. 2B again shows a similar course of the basic flux field lines 7 and 8 as shown in FIG. 1B, whereby this basic flux 7, 8 in turn in the axial direction through the inside Ring 12 on the shaft 3 runs.
  • This ring 12 has in the embodiment of FIG. 2B in the region between the air gaps 21, where the basic flow from the stator 2 to the ring 12 and back passes, recesses 22 so as to concentrate the field lines 7 and 8 in the air gaps 21 and thereby achieving a good passive axial stabilization of the position of the shaft 3 relative to the stator 2.
  • control winding system 13 is in turn formed with windings 14, 15, 16 and teeth 17, 18, 19; In FIG. 2A, in turn, control flux field lines 20 are shown by dashed lines.
  • FIG. 3 symbolically illustrates an axial control flow field line 25, this axial control flow 25 being generated by the further control winding system 23 for axial stabilization.
  • the control windings 24A, 24B for the axial stabilization are connected in series.
  • the axial control flow 25 generates axial forces, wherein the axial component for the stabilization can be regulated with a separate control current.
  • the axially acting control flow 25, which does not affect the radially acting control flow 20 is, as mentioned by the two preferably series-connected control windings 24 and 24A, 24B, one on a return part 5 and 6, provided, wherein an equal flux is given, so that in the sequence no axially acting control flux penetrates into the magnetic circuit of the radially acting control flow 20.
  • the inference air gaps 21A, 21B differ from those of FIGS. 1B and 2B, respectively, as can be seen immediately from the illustration of FIG. Specifically, as shown in FIG.
  • the left-hand return member 5 is tapered internally, similar to the ring 12 at this location, thereby providing a slanted air gap 21A of the return system, as opposed to the radial air gap 21B between the right-hand end of the ring 12 and the inside of the yoke part 6.
  • the magnetic paths on the two air gaps 21A, 21B changed differently, whereby the inductance with the deflection changes accordingly.
  • an indirect position detection in the axial direction can be performed by current measurement.
  • the magnetic path of the control flux 20 or 25 is designed so that the winding inductances upon displacement of the body 3 (the shaft or the rotor 3) from the desired position, for example in the radial direction or in the axial direction, noticeably change what is ensured by the illustrated geometry of the tooth arrangement or the air gap arrangement.
  • the arrangement shown in FIGS. 1A and 2A with three teeth 17, 18, 19 staggered by 120 ° is of particular advantage.
  • the tooth axis of the first tooth 17 is in the x-direction
  • the tooth axis of the second tooth 18 is rotated by 120 ° with respect to the x-direction
  • the tooth axis of the third tooth 19 by 240 ° with respect to the x Direction is twisted.
  • the winding 14 of the first tooth 17 carries a control current and thus produces a control flux 20.
  • the control flow 20 from the first tooth 17 enters the air gap with the width ⁇ perpendicularly, traverses it, enters the rotor 3 vertically, distributes itself and exits via the air gap vertically and into the second and third tooth 18 or 19 one.
  • f (dx) is a monotonic function in dx
  • ⁇ (dx) represents the flux linkage of the winding 14 dependent on dx at a fixed current through the winding 14.
  • a converter 30 (FIG. 3) is subjected to a sequence of voltage space pointers u s and the current response dijd ⁇ is measured in each case.
  • the function describes a circle with radius ⁇ y and offset y 0 .
  • the radius ⁇ y is related to the eccentricity dr via a monotonic function and degenerates to zero when the magnetic bearing, ie the shaft 3, is exactly centered.
  • the current change space pointer _ is can be thought of as two sub-pointers.
  • the first sub-pointer is determined by the mean inverse inductance and always points in the direction of the applied test voltage space vector.
  • the second sub-pointer is determined by the current bearing eccentricity.
  • the deflection vector direction information ⁇ j ⁇ of the second sub-pointer determines the direction, and the deflection vector direction Amount information ⁇ y determines the intensity of deflection of the bearing from the center position.
  • FIG. 4 shows the voltage space vector which can be realized with a three-phase inverter and is designated according to the following table 1:
  • the parameter y 0 as zero size, and it results in c to an offset-free circle in the complex plane with the desired radius .DELTA.y and the searched argument y.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a magnetic bearing device 1 with an associated converter 30 for the control windings 14, 15, 16 of the control winding system 13, which are not shown in greater detail in FIG. 5, for example in star connection (but possibly also in delta connection or individually).
  • Fig. 1 and 2 This magnetic bearing device 1 and the associated inverter 30 is associated with a DC link 32, via which the voltage or power supply of the control windings takes place from a power supply part 33 ago.
  • the power supply part 33 for example, a three-phase AC voltage is supplied, which is rectified in a not-illustrated inverter part, so as to produce a DC intermediate DC current i or a DC link voltage U.
  • a resistor 34 is provided, wherein only very schematically within the processor system 31 illustrated measuring means 35 cooperate with this current measuring resistor 34, and to measure the current as already described in detail above.
  • 35 can also be applied to a (support) capacitor 36 voltage U, for example via a voltage divider 37th are tapped with resistors 38, 39 and measured with the measuring means 35.
  • a potential-bound voltage measurement is not absolutely necessary, but may be appropriate to increase the accuracy.
  • the processor system 31 in the present example further, with potential separation 40, a host computer 41 assigned to execute higher-level control or diagnostic functions. However, the above-explained calculations are performed in the processor system 31.
  • the processor system 31 has a control output 42 to a control or drive unit 43 in order to correspondingly control the switches of the converter 30 formed, for example, by semiconductor valves 44 so as to depend on the deflection of the shaft 3 from the desired position of the control windings (eg 14, 15, 16 ) after carrying out the measurement, supply the appropriate control current as described.
  • the current rise measurement can be combined by the combination of at least two current rise measurements I, II, whereby the accuracy of the eccentricity determination at a noticeable Ohm 1 see resistance or in a fluctuating Flußverkettung, such as by oscillations of the shaft 3, is increased.
  • the current rise measurement is performed in times in which no switching operation of the feeding converter 30 is performed. This prevents electromagnetic interference of the measurement.
  • the current measurement is preferably carried out on the basis of current measuring elements 34 which are arranged in the region of the intermediate circuit 32 between the intermediate circuit capacitor 36 and the circuit breakers 44.
  • a potential connection of the data processing unit 31 (processor, ASIC, etc.) to the current measurement is possible, and this leads to a cost-effective and compact realization of the current measurement.
  • the present magnetic bearing device 1 does not require any mechanical sensors, and the position regulation is simply based on inductance evaluations. wherein the effort and in particular energy losses are extremely low and, moreover, a compact design for magnetic bearing device 1 is made possible.
  • the return parts 5, 6, For a compact design and effective shielding, it is advantageous to perform the return parts 5, 6, made of good magnetic conductive material. This means that these return parts 5, 6 can also conduct electrically or thermally well and at the same time shield electromagnetic radiation well, and this is utilized in the following to use these return parts 5, 6 as housing parts of the magnetic bearing device 1, as heat sinks, as electromagnetic shielding elements and or to use as mounting plates for electronic components to be mounted within the magnetic bearing device 1 (see Fig. 5).
  • the return parts 5, 6 form, for example, a Faraday cage and a heat sink for electronic components 50-55 mounted in free spaces 60 between the electromagnetic components of the magnetic bearing device 1, as illustrated schematically in FIG.
  • These electronic components 50-55 in the region between the return parts 5, 6 and the control windings 14, 15, 16 may be, for example, control components and power component components, in particular components of the intermediate circuit 32 and the power switch 44 of the arrangement according to FIG. 5 .
  • This favorable use of otherwise unused spaces within the stator 2 additionally favors the achievement of a compact overall system.
  • components such as the components 31, 34, 36, 38, 39, 43, 44 shown in Fig. 5, housed. This makes it possible to perform the entire control and power electronics within the camp and supply only one power supply to the camp.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de palier magnétique (1) pour le logement sans contact d'un corps mobile (3) tel qu'un arbre, comportant une partie de palier fixe (2) pourvue d'un système d'aimant électromagnétique (11) pouvant recevoir en fonctionnement, un courant de commande dépendant d'écarts du corps (3) par rapport à la position de consigne. Au moins un composant électrique ou électronique (50-55) tel qu'un composant d'électronique de commande, un composant d'électronique de puissance et/ou un composant d'alimentation électrique, est logé dans au moins un espace libre (60) entre des composants système du dispositif de palier magnétique (1), notamment dans des éléments de retour (5, 6).
EP07845301A 2006-12-19 2007-12-19 Dispositif de palier magnétique Withdrawn EP2115308A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA2092/2006A AT505598B1 (de) 2006-12-19 2006-12-19 Magnetlagereinrichtung
PCT/AT2007/000574 WO2008074044A2 (fr) 2006-12-19 2007-12-19 Dispositif de palier magnétique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2115308A2 true EP2115308A2 (fr) 2009-11-11

Family

ID=39432700

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07845301A Withdrawn EP2115308A2 (fr) 2006-12-19 2007-12-19 Dispositif de palier magnétique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2115308A2 (fr)
AT (1) AT505598B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008074044A2 (fr)

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5514924A (en) * 1992-04-30 1996-05-07 AVCON--Advanced Control Technology, Inc. Magnetic bearing providing radial and axial load support for a shaft
CH689808A5 (de) * 1994-05-25 1999-11-30 Mecos Traxler Ag Verfahren zum berührungsfreien Tragen von Objekten und Einrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens.
DE19523826A1 (de) * 1995-06-30 1997-01-02 Elektrische Automatisierungs U Magnetisches Lager mit Meßsystem zur Verbesserung der Rotordynamik
FR2768470B1 (fr) * 1997-09-12 2002-02-01 Mecanique Magnetique Sa Pompe rotative a rotor immerge
DE50015735D1 (de) 1999-12-27 2009-10-15 Lust Antriebstechnik Gmbh Magnetisches lagersystem
US6359357B1 (en) * 2000-08-18 2002-03-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Combination radial and thrust magnetic bearing
JP2002276587A (ja) * 2001-03-19 2002-09-25 Boc Edwards Technologies Ltd ターボ分子ポンプ
FR2826077B1 (fr) * 2001-06-15 2003-09-19 Mecanique Magnetique Sa Palier magnetique actif a detecteurs integres
EP1517042A1 (fr) * 2003-09-17 2005-03-23 Mecos Traxler AG Pallier magnétique pour une pompe à vide
FR2861142B1 (fr) * 2003-10-16 2006-02-03 Mecanique Magnetique Sa Pompe a vide turbo moleculaire
CN100432461C (zh) * 2005-05-18 2008-11-12 江苏大学 三自由度交直流径向-轴向混合磁轴承及其控制方法

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2008074044A2 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2008074044A3 (fr) 2009-02-26
AT505598A2 (de) 2009-02-15
AT505598B1 (de) 2015-05-15
WO2008074044A2 (fr) 2008-06-26
AT505598A3 (de) 2014-11-15

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