EP2111917B1 - Static mixer, method for manufacturing the same and mixing arrangement - Google Patents
Static mixer, method for manufacturing the same and mixing arrangement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2111917B1 EP2111917B1 EP09005543A EP09005543A EP2111917B1 EP 2111917 B1 EP2111917 B1 EP 2111917B1 EP 09005543 A EP09005543 A EP 09005543A EP 09005543 A EP09005543 A EP 09005543A EP 2111917 B1 EP2111917 B1 EP 2111917B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mixer
- guide elements
- webs
- flow direction
- flow
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
Links
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014366 other mixer Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
- B01F25/4315—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor the baffles being deformed flat pieces of material
- B01F25/43151—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor the baffles being deformed flat pieces of material composed of consecutive sections of deformed flat pieces of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
- B01F23/21—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media
- B01F23/213—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
- B01F25/4315—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor the baffles being deformed flat pieces of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
- B01F25/43197—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor characterised by the mounting of the baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/431974—Support members, e.g. tubular collars, with projecting baffles fitted inside the mixing tube or adjacent to the inner wall
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/56—General build-up of the mixers
- B01F35/561—General build-up of the mixers the mixer being built-up from a plurality of modules or stacked plates comprising complete or partial elements of the mixer
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0093—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/30—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details
- F01N2330/38—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details flow channels with means to enhance flow mixing,(e.g. protrusions or projections)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
- F01N2470/30—Tubes with restrictions, i.e. venturi or the like, e.g. for sucking air or measuring mass flow
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a mixer for mixing at least one fluid stream in a pipe section.
- the invention further relates to a mixer arrangement comprising at least two such mixers, which are arranged one behind the other in a pipe section and a method for producing such a mixer.
- Static mixers are used to fluidize one or more fluid streams flowing in a pipe section.
- fluid stream as used herein is intended to include those streams in which, for example, small droplets or particles are transported in a fluid stream.
- Static mixers are used eg in waste gas purification.
- a reaction medium is injected into an exhaust gas stream which flows in a pipe section (for example from an internal combustion engine) via a probe (for example urea for NO x reduction).
- a probe for example urea for NO x reduction.
- exhaust stream and reactant are fed to a catalyst in which the desired reaction takes place for the exhaust gas treatment.
- the exhaust gas stream and reactant stream are mixed as completely as possible with one another before they enter the catalyst. Only in this way can the reagent be dosed correctly and the catalyst surfaces can be used optimally for the reaction.
- the static mixer (s) are intended to mix the exhaust stream and the reactant stream largely homogeneously with one another on a flow path that is as short as possible, and thereby build up the lowest possible flow resistance.
- the static mixer should be as inexpensive to produce.
- a plurality of transversely superposed to the flow direction layers of a wavy strip material is provided, which forms a plurality of flow-through cells, wherein on the downstream side (outlet side of the flow) of the cells curved flow baffles are provided which extend in the flow direction and transversely thereto and thus the mixing and fluidizing fluid streams passed through the cells.
- FIG. 11 A similar static mixer is in FIG. 11 shown.
- lattice-shaped crossed, orientalströmbare cells forming laminations are provided, which are provided on the downstream side tongue-shaped, planar flow guide, mix the fluid streams passing through the grid cells with each other and swirl.
- the grid-like arranged lamellae are fixed in a tubular support section.
- Both versions represent effective and aerodynamically mature static mixer. However, they require a relatively high production cost and are therefore expensive.
- Expanded mesh is arranged in the pipe cross-section of a flow channel and a flow around the lattice struts and nodes generates the mixing of fluid flows causing vortex and turbulence.
- a grid can also be arranged inclined to the direction of flow. It is also provided to arrange several such gratings one behind the other.
- this may be disadvantageous in terms of flow, since under certain circumstances a high pressure drop in the flow may occur when passing through the expanded metal grid arrangement.
- the flow characteristics which should be precisely matched, in particular in the exhaust system of a motor vehicle, are disturbed too much.
- a static mixer arrangement in which in each case a plurality of trapezoidal deflection elements are arranged in transverse to the flow direction rows.
- the deflection elements are inclined in each row parallel to each other in the flow direction.
- adjacent rows are provided in pairs, the deflection elements are offset from one another in the longitudinal direction and inclined in opposite directions.
- the rows carrying the deflecting elements are in each case brought into contact with each other back to back and installed in pairs in a carrier grid.
- a plurality of rows of deflection elements and carrier grid elements are joined together to form a static mixer.
- Similar mixer arrangements with transverse to the flow direction webs and arranged thereon deflecting elements are also from the US 5,605,399 known.
- a so-called swirl body in which from a standing perpendicular to the flow direction base plate vanes are partially punched out and bent, which project helically in the flow direction and imparting in the resulting openings exhaust gases in addition to their flow direction, a rotation pulse (twist).
- spin bodies are suitable only to a limited extent for mixing two gas streams / fluid streams.
- the possibly desired cyclone effect for the separation of solid particles located in the fluid flow causes only a comparatively small mixing of the fluid flow.
- the object of the present invention is to provide an improved static mixer. It is particularly desirable in this case to combine good mixing properties, favorable flow conditions and a structurally or production-technically favorable design.
- the mixer according to the invention has webs running transversely to the flow direction, from which guide elements inclined to the flow direction emanate. In this case, the webs pass through the flow cross section without touching each other, and the guide elements and webs are integrally connected to each other.
- Such a mixer makes it possible to combine a simple construction with comparatively favorable flow properties and a good mixing characteristic.
- a production technology particularly favorable press-stamping-punching component is realized, which is additionally stabilized on the sidewall area. It can simply be inserted into a corresponding piece of pipe without tilting it during insertion.
- Such a mixer leads to the inherent divergent demands for low pressure drop when flowing through the mixer, an effective mixing of a fluid flow on one short route and a manufacturing technology favorable and therefore cost-effective design together.
- a plurality of guide elements are provided side by side, so that for the purpose of mixing a plurality of tongue-like guide elements laschen- or spoon-shaped can be provided on the webs, which are independently deformable along their respective Kantline to the web.
- differently designed guide elements with different inclinations 15 ° to 45 ° at different locations in the flow cross section can be realized.
- the mixer can thus also be adapted to a specific flow entry profile.
- the mixing properties can be varied over the flow cross-section. By parallel staggered Kantlimen this effect is further improved.
- the guide elements are each coupled along a Kantline with the web.
- the areas web and guide element are functionally separated from each other; the webs form the support structure and the guide elements the actual mixing structure.
- they can still be prefabricated together from one piece (eg punched out). The processing is possible with comparatively simple punching and embossing tools.
- the pre-cut guide elements can be folded from the web along the respective edge line and be employed with different inclinations in the fluid flow.
- the formations are provided on correspondingly arranged creases. This design allows a repeatable production with relatively simple tools.
- the specified in claim 5 ratio between the land width and the web thickness is advantageous in view of the particularly cost-effective stamping-embossing and provides a high structural stability.
- a stable mixer By connecting the webs according to claim 6 edge region is a stable mixer can be displayed, which can be used as a complete, one-piece, disc-shaped component in predetermined pipe cross-sections.
- the webs and the edge region define an end face pointing in the flow direction, and turbulence surfaces inclined to the flow direction are provided on the guide elements.
- turbulence surfaces inclined to the flow direction are provided on the guide elements.
- the face and swirl surfaces cover a range of 50% to 75% of the flow cross-section.
- the mixing arrangement according to claim 8 can significantly increase the mixing quality, so that the mixing length, that is, the required length of the pipe section, in which the fluid streams are to mix, is shortened.
- the proposed mixer can be designed differently. But it is also possible to improve by a different arrangement of identical mixer to each other, the desired mixing result.
- the methods according to claims 9 and 10 relate to particularly favorable and cost-saving production methods for a mixer according to the invention.
- a first embodiment of a mixer 10 according to the invention is in the FIGS. 1 to 3 shown.
- the mixer 10 is made in a deep-drawing stamping process and has a cup-like shape.
- the mixer 10 has a bottom portion 11 and a side wall portion 12. In the bottom area 11, a plurality of webs 13 run alongside one another without contact, on which tab-like guide elements 14 are formed.
- the guide elements 14 are each alternately and in the longitudinal direction of the webs 13 offset from each other in different directions from the webs 13 from. They are connected along the ridge lines 16 with the webs. Seen in the longitudinal direction of the webs ( FIG. 2 ), the ends of the guide elements 14 are arranged entangled with each other. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the guide elements 14 have a trapezoidal shape tapering towards the free ends, in which the transition areas between the lateral flanks of the guide elements 14 and the end edge are rounded.
- the webs 13 themselves are connected to each other in the bottom region 11 via an edge region 17, which merges rounded into the side wall region 12 formed as a pipe section.
- the mixer 10 is preferably in the direction B ( FIG. 2 ) flows through the one or more fluid streams or streams to be mixed together.
- the surfaces of the guide elements 14 projected into the ground plane are considered to be the swirling surface.
- Web width b and the web thickness S and the material thickness of the mixer are in a ratio of 2: 1 to 1: 1. In these proportions, the guide elements 14 can be clean along the edge lines 16 of the webs 13, without them from their level Be bent out.
- the canted lines 16 and the corresponding web sections are offset parallel to one another and transversely to the web course. In this way, the desired Verschränkungshack is achieved in the folded guide elements 14, which improves the turbulence of the flow passing through.
- the mixer 10 is preferably made of a thermoformable sheet material.
- austenitic steel materials e.g. in qualities such as 1.4301 or similar, in output wall thicknesses of 0.75 to 3 mm.
- the diameter of the illustrated mixer is typically 50 to 75 mm.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show variants 20 and 30 of the in the FIGS. 1 to 3 illustrated mixer 10th
- the mixer 20 according to FIG. 4 has slightly modified vanes 24, which are curved so that the concave side facing the swirling surface 29 in the flow direction and the curvature about a transverse to the creases 16 from the neck region the guide elements 24 extends to its end extending bending line 25.
- the in FIG. 5 shown mixer 30 also has curved guide elements 34, in which the curvature takes place around the bending line 25. However, it is designed in the other direction, so that here has the convex side with the swirling surface 39 in the flow direction.
- one-dimensional curvature of the guide elements 24 and 34 can also be a two-dimensional curvature or curvature of the guide elements are provided, in which they are then formed more or less spoon-shaped.
- both the shape and size, and the inclination, as well as the curvature of individual guide elements 14, 24 or 34 may be formed individually different.
- the mixing properties can be individually matched to a stationary inflow profile and optimized.
- Fig. 12 shows a mixer 70, the bottom portion 71 is divided into two parts.
- the edge bottom portion 71a includes a rim with outer vanes 74a. These are aligned in the circumferential direction and exposed along radially extending canted lines 76a so that they give a swirl impulse when flowing through the outer edge region of the flow.
- the central bottom portion 71b has transversely extending webs 73 on which the guide elements 74b are formed and arranged similar to those in connection with the Fig. 1, 3rd and 4 described guide elements 14, 24 and 34th
- the outer guide elements 74a can also be issued in pairs starting from a common edge line 76 against each other, so that no swirling action then arises in the edge bottom portion 71a.
- the central bottom portion 71 b may also be formed as in connection with the embodiments according to the Fig. 6 . 7 and 8 will be described below.
- FIG. 6 shows an 11 mixer 40, in which the guide elements 44 are formed like a louver along the entire length of the webs 43. These guide elements 44 are also arched along a bending line 45 that runs parallel to the canted line 46. In this case, the ends of the guide elements 44, which originate from adjacent webs 43, face each other.
- FIG. 7 shows a similar mixer 50, in which the guide elements 54, however, are arranged without additional curvature as grade tabs along the channel lines 56 which extend along the webs 53.
- mixer 60 is provided at each web 63, only a single lamellar guide member 64.
- the guide elements 64 are all oriented in the same direction and issued along the edge lines 66 from the floor area level.
- FIG. 9 shows a mixer assembly 100, in which two mixers 50 are arranged in a pipe section 101.
- the two mixers 50 are here inserted rotated 90 degrees to each other and arranged one behind the other along the flow axis 15.
- the distance of the mixer 50 to each other can be chosen so that an optimal mixing result occurs.
- the sidewall region 52 permits the clean insertion of the mixers 50 into the tube section 101 without tilting the cross-sectional planes (mixing planes) defined by the bottom regions 51.
- mixers can be combined. It is also possible, in addition to the twisted arrangement the mixer 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 with extending in different inclined planes floor areas - so obliquely - to arrange in a pipe section 101.
- mixers are formed without sidewall region.
- Such mixers are then designed more or less disk-shaped, in which only the edge region connects the webs with each other.
- Such a disc-shaped mixer can then for example be placed on a pipe end or inserted between two pipe ends. It is also possible to use such a disk-shaped mixer in a corresponding receiving slot of a pipe section.
- FIG. 10 shows the sequence of a method for producing the mixer 10.
- a suitable semi-finished product is first provided, which in the present case is a flat sheet metal material, which is provided as a single piece of sheet metal or as a continuous sheet strip (coil material). Then the outer contour is cut out. This can happen mechanically, thermally or abrasive depending on the material used. Suitable working processes are, for example, stamping, plasma cutting or water jet cutting.
- the cup form is produced in a drawing or deep-drawing process, in which the semifinished product is plastically deformed using a die and a male part, so that it comes close to the desired final shape after the molding process.
- the geometry is further approximated. For example, the transition radii between the sidewall region 12 and the bottom region 11 in the edge region 17 are reduced.
- the contours of the webs 13 and the guide elements 14 are defined.
- the two-stage punching has the further advantage that the tool geometries for possibly required punching tools are simplified and the relatively complex web-Leitelementkontur clean and repeatable to produce.
- the guide elements 14 are tilted along the edge lines and deformed relative to the webs 13.
- the individual mixers 10 can be separated from a guide strip required for processing. Possibly. Work can also be done on deburring or calibrating the finished parts. In a final surface treatment, for example, a corrosion protection can be applied.
- the individual work steps can be supplemented by further steps, for example in the case in which the guide elements as in the FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 shown additionally deformed.
- steps are omitted, for example if the mixer is disk-shaped, that is to say without the side wall region 12. In this case, the steps "drag” and "reshape” are eliminated.
- the punching can also be carried out in one stage or together with the "tilting".
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Mischer zum Vermischen wenigstens eines Fluidstromes in einem Rohrabschnitt. Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin eine Mischeranordnung, welche wenigstens zwei solcher Mischer aufweist, die hintereinander in einem Rohrabschnitt angeordnet sind und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Mischers.The present invention relates to a mixer for mixing at least one fluid stream in a pipe section. The invention further relates to a mixer arrangement comprising at least two such mixers, which are arranged one behind the other in a pipe section and a method for producing such a mixer.
Statische Mischer werden verwendet, um einen bzw. mehrere in einem Rohrabschnitt strömende Fluidströme zu verwirbeln bzw. miteinander zu vermischen.Static mixers are used to fluidize one or more fluid streams flowing in a pipe section.
Der hier verwendete Begriff Fluidstrom soll auch solche Ströme umfassen, bei denen beispielsweise kleine Tröpfchen oder Partikel in einem Fluidstrom transportiert werden.The term fluid stream as used herein is intended to include those streams in which, for example, small droplets or particles are transported in a fluid stream.
Statische Mischer werden z.B. in der Abgasreinigung eingesetzt. Dabei wird in einen Abgasstrom, der in einem Rohrabschnitt strömt (zum Beispiel aus einer Verbrennungsmaschine), über eine Sonde ein Reaktionsmittel injiziert (zum Beispiel Harnstoff zur NOX-Reduktion). Anschließend werden Abgasstrom und Reaktionsmittel einem Katalysator zugeführt, in dem die gewünschte Reaktion zur Abgasaufbereitung stattfindet. Damit eine möglichst vollständige und gleichmäßige Reaktion im gesamten Abgasstrom stattfindet, werden Abgasstrom und Reaktionsmittelstrom vor dem Eintritt in den Katalysator möglichst vollständig miteinander vermischt. Nur so kann das Reaktionsmittel richtig dosiert zugegeben und können die Katalysatorflächen optimal für die Reaktion genutzt werden. Der oder die statischen Mischer sollen dabei auf einer möglichst kurzen Strömungsstrecke Abgasstrom und Reaktionsmittelstrom weitgehend homogen miteinander vermischen und dabei einen möglichst geringen Strömungswiderstand aufbauen. Darüber hinaus spielen gerade im Kraftfahrzeugbereich Kosten und damit fertigungstechnische Aspekte eine große Rolle; das heißt, der statische Mischer soll möglichst kostengünstig herstellbar sein.Static mixers are used eg in waste gas purification. In this case, a reaction medium is injected into an exhaust gas stream which flows in a pipe section (for example from an internal combustion engine) via a probe (for example urea for NO x reduction). Subsequently, exhaust stream and reactant are fed to a catalyst in which the desired reaction takes place for the exhaust gas treatment. In order for the most complete and uniform reaction to take place in the entire exhaust gas stream, the exhaust gas stream and reactant stream are mixed as completely as possible with one another before they enter the catalyst. Only in this way can the reagent be dosed correctly and the catalyst surfaces can be used optimally for the reaction. The static mixer (s) are intended to mix the exhaust stream and the reactant stream largely homogeneously with one another on a flow path that is as short as possible, and thereby build up the lowest possible flow resistance. In addition, especially in the automotive sector costs and thus manufacturing aspects play a major role; that is, the static mixer should be as inexpensive to produce.
Bei einem aus der
Ein ähnlicher statischer Mischer ist in
Beide Ausführungen stellen wirksame und strömungstechnisch ausgereifte statische Mischer dar. Sie erfordern jedoch einen relativ hohen Fertigungsaufwand und sind damit teuer.Both versions represent effective and aerodynamically mature static mixer. However, they require a relatively high production cost and are therefore expensive.
Aus der
Aus der
Aus der
Eine ähnliche Anordnung ist aus der
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, einen verbesserten statischen Mischer bereitzustellen. Es ist dabei insbesondere wünschenswert, gute Mischeigenschaften, günstige Strömungsverhältnisse und eine konstruktiv bzw. fertigungstechnisch günstige Gestaltung miteinander zu kombinieren.The object of the present invention is to provide an improved static mixer. It is particularly desirable in this case to combine good mixing properties, favorable flow conditions and a structurally or production-technically favorable design.
Diese Aufgabe erfüllt der Mischer mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1, eine Mischanordnung gemäß Anspruch 8 sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des Mischers gemäß Anspruch 9.This object is achieved by the mixer with the features of
Der erfindungsgemäße Mischer weist quer zur Strömungsrichtung verlaufende Stege auf, von denen zur Strömungsrichtung geneigte Leitelemente ausgehen. Dabei durchsetzen die Stege den Strömungsquerschnitt ohne einander zu berühren, und die Leitelemente und Stege sind einstückig miteinander verbunden. Ein solcher Mischer erlaubt es, einen einfachen Aufbau mit vergleichsweise günstigen Strömungseigenschaften und einer guten Mischcharakteristik zu kombinieren.The mixer according to the invention has webs running transversely to the flow direction, from which guide elements inclined to the flow direction emanate. In this case, the webs pass through the flow cross section without touching each other, and the guide elements and webs are integrally connected to each other. Such a mixer makes it possible to combine a simple construction with comparatively favorable flow properties and a good mixing characteristic.
Dabei wird ein fertigungstechnisch besonders günstiges Press-Präge-Stanz-Bauteil realisiert, das über den Seitenwandbereich zusätzlich stabilisiert wird. Es kann einfach in ein entsprechendes Rohrstück eingeschoben werden, ohne dass es beim Einsetzen verkantet.In this case, a production technology particularly favorable press-stamping-punching component is realized, which is additionally stabilized on the sidewall area. It can simply be inserted into a corresponding piece of pipe without tilting it during insertion.
So ein Mischer führt die an sich divergierenden Forderungen nach geringem Druckverlust beim Durchströmen des Mischers, einer wirksamen Durchmischung eines Fluidstroms auf einer kurzen Strecke und einer fertigungstechnisch günstigen und damit kostengünstigen Gestaltung zusammen. Dabei sind jeweils mehrere Leitelemente nebeneinander vorgesehen, so dass zum Vermischen mehrere zungenartiger Leitelemente laschen- oder auch löffelförmig an den Stegen vorgesehen werden können, die unabhängig voneinander entlang ihrer jeweiligen Kantlinie zum Steg verformbar sind. So sind unterschiedlich gestaltete Leitelemente mit unterschiedlichen Neigungen 15° bis 45° an unterschiedlichen Orten im Strömungsquerschnitt realisierbar. Der Mischer kann damit auch an ein bestimmtes Strömungseintrittsprofil angepasst werden. Die Mischungseigenschaften sind über den Strömungsquerschnitt variierbar. Durch Parallel zueinander versetzte Kantlimen wird dieser Effekt weiter verbessert.Such a mixer leads to the inherent divergent demands for low pressure drop when flowing through the mixer, an effective mixing of a fluid flow on one short route and a manufacturing technology favorable and therefore cost-effective design together. In each case, a plurality of guide elements are provided side by side, so that for the purpose of mixing a plurality of tongue-like guide elements laschen- or spoon-shaped can be provided on the webs, which are independently deformable along their respective Kantlinie to the web. Thus, differently designed guide elements with
Die Merkmale der Ansprüche 2 bis 5 betreffen dabei fertigungstechnisch und funktional vorteilhafte Lösungen.The features of claims 2 to 5 relate to manufacturing technology and functionally advantageous solutions.
Nach Anspruch 2 sind die Leitelemente jeweils entlang einer Kantlinie mit dem Steg gekoppelt. Damit sind die Bereiche Steg und Leitelement funktional voneinander zu trennen; die Stege bilden die Tragstruktur und die Leitelemente die eigentliche Mischstruktur. Sie können aber dennoch gemeinsam aus einem Stück vorgefertigt (z.B. ausgestanzt) werden. Die Bearbeitung ist dabei mit vergleichsweise einfachen Stanz- und Prägewerkzeugen möglich. Die vorgestanzten Leitelemente können vom Steg entlang der jeweiligen Kantlinie abgekantet werden und mit unterschiedlichen Neigungen in den Fluidstrom angestellt werden.According to claim 2, the guide elements are each coupled along a Kantlinie with the web. Thus, the areas web and guide element are functionally separated from each other; the webs form the support structure and the guide elements the actual mixing structure. However, they can still be prefabricated together from one piece (eg punched out). The processing is possible with comparatively simple punching and embossing tools. The pre-cut guide elements can be folded from the web along the respective edge line and be employed with different inclinations in the fluid flow.
Durch eine konvexe oder konkave Ausformung der Leitelemente bezüglich der Strömungsrichtung gemäß Anspruch 3 können zusätzlich positive Strömungseffekte erzielt werden, die den Strömungswiderstand herabsetzen und/oder die Mischeigenschaften verbessern.By a convex or concave shape of the guide elements with respect to the flow direction according to claim 3 positive flow effects can be achieved in addition, which reduce the flow resistance and / or improve the mixing properties.
Gemäß Anspruch 4 werden die Ausformungen über entsprechend angeordnete Kantlinien vorgesehen. Diese Gestaltung ermöglicht eine wiederholgenaue Fertigung mit vergleichsweise einfachen Werkzeugen.According to claim 4, the formations are provided on correspondingly arranged creases. This design allows a repeatable production with relatively simple tools.
Das in Anspruch 5 angegebene Verhältnis zwischen der Stegbreite und der Stegstärke ist im Hinblick auf die besonders kostengünstige Stanz-Präge-Fertigung vorteilhaft und bietet eine hohe Strukturstabilität.The specified in claim 5 ratio between the land width and the web thickness is advantageous in view of the particularly cost-effective stamping-embossing and provides a high structural stability.
Durch den gemäß Anspruch 6 die Stege untereinander verbindenden Randbereich ist ein stabiler Mischer darstellbar, der als komplettes, einstückig herstellbares, scheibenförmiges Bauteil in vorgegebene Rohrquerschnitte einsetzbar ist.By connecting the webs according to claim 6 edge region is a stable mixer can be displayed, which can be used as a complete, one-piece, disc-shaped component in predetermined pipe cross-sections.
Die Stege und der Randbereich definieren eine in Strömungsrichtung weisende Stirnfläche und an den Leitelementen sind zur Strömungsrichtung geneigte Verwirbelungsflächen vorgesehen. Nach Anspruch 7 bilden dabei Stirnfläche und die Summe der geneigten Verwirbelungsflächen ein Verhältnis von 0,8 bis 0,35 und bevorzugt ein Verhältnis von 0,5 bis 0,4. Dabei decken Stirnfläche und Verwirbelungsflächen einen Bereich von 50 % bis 75 % des durchströmten Strömungsquerschnitts ab.The webs and the edge region define an end face pointing in the flow direction, and turbulence surfaces inclined to the flow direction are provided on the guide elements. According to claim 7 thereby form the end face and the sum of the inclined Verwirbelungsflächen a ratio of 0.8 to 0.35 and preferably a ratio of 0.5 to 0.4. The face and swirl surfaces cover a range of 50% to 75% of the flow cross-section.
Die Mischanordnung gemäß Anspruch 8 kann die Mischqualität deutlich erhöhen, so dass die Mischlänge, das heißt die erforderliche Länge des Rohrabschnitts, in dem sich die Fluidströme vermischen sollen, verkürzt wird. Dazu können die vorgesehenen Mischer unterschiedlich ausgebildet werden. Es ist aber auch möglich, durch eine unterschiedliche Anordnung baugleicher Mischer zueinander das gewünschte Mischungsergebnis zu verbessern. Dazu können die einzelnen Mischer zur Strömungsrichtung geneigt und/oder in Umfangsrichtung zueinander verdreht angeordnet sein.The mixing arrangement according to claim 8 can significantly increase the mixing quality, so that the mixing length, that is, the required length of the pipe section, in which the fluid streams are to mix, is shortened. For this purpose, the proposed mixer can be designed differently. But it is also possible to improve by a different arrangement of identical mixer to each other, the desired mixing result. For this purpose, the individual mixers for Flow direction inclined and / or be arranged rotated in the circumferential direction to each other.
Die Verfahren gemäß der Ansprüche 9 und 10 betreffen besonders günstige und kostensparende Fertigungsverfahren für einen erfindungsgemäßen Mischer.The methods according to
Ausführungsbeispiele der vorliegenden Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnungen erläutert. Dabei zeigt
Figur 1- ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungs- gemäßen Mischers in einer perspektivischen Ansicht,
- Figur 2
- den
Mischer aus Figur 1 in einer Seitenansicht, - Figur 3
- eine Ansicht in Richtung B des in
dargestellten Mischers,Figur 1 und 2 - Figur 4
- ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungs- gemäßen Mischers in einer perspektivischen Ansicht,
- Figur 5
- ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungs- gemäßen Mischers in einer perspektivischen Ansicht,
- Figur 6
- einen anderen Mischer in perspektivischer Ansicht,
- Figur 7
- einen anderen Mischer in perspektivischer Ansicht,
- Figur 8
- einen anderen Mischer in perspektivischer Ansicht,
- Figur 9
- eine Schnittdarstellung einer Mischeranordnung mit zwei zueinander verdrehten Mischern gemäß
Figur 7 , Figur 10- ein Ablaufdiagramm eines erfindungsgemäßen Herstel- lungsverfahrens,
Figur 11- einen aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Mischer, und
- Fig. 12
- ein siebtes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungs- gemäßen Mischers in perspektivischer Ansicht.
- FIG. 1
- A first embodiment of a mixer according to the invention in a perspective view,
- FIG. 2
- the mixer off
FIG. 1 in a side view, - FIG. 3
- a view towards B of in
FIGS. 1 and 2 shown mixer, - FIG. 4
- A second embodiment of a mixer according to the invention in a perspective view,
- FIG. 5
- A third embodiment of a mixer according to the invention in a perspective view,
- FIG. 6
- another mixer in perspective view,
- FIG. 7
- another mixer in perspective view,
- FIG. 8
- another mixer in perspective view,
- FIG. 9
- a sectional view of a mixer arrangement with two mutually rotated mixers according to
FIG. 7 . - FIG. 10
- a flowchart of a production method according to the invention,
- FIG. 11
- a known from the prior art mixer, and
- Fig. 12
- a seventh embodiment of a mixer according to the invention in a perspective view.
Ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Mischers 10 ist in den
Diese Leitelemente sind in einem Winkel von 15° bis 45° zur Strömungsrichtung B geneigt, die parallel zu der in
Die Stege 13 selbst sind im Bodenbereich 11 über einen Randbereich 17 miteinander verbunden, der abgerundet in den als Rohrabschnitt ausgebildeten Seitenwandbereich 12 übergeht.The
Der Mischer 10 wird vorzugsweise in Richtung B (
Stegbreite b und die Stegstärke S bzw. die Materialstärke des Mischers stehen in einem Verhältnis von 2 : 1 bis 1 : 1. Bei diesen Größenverhältnissen lassen sich die Leitelemente 14 sauber entlang der Kantlinien 16 von den Stegen 13 abkanten, ohne dass diese aus ihrer ebenen Anordnung herausgebogen werden.Web width b and the web thickness S and the material thickness of the mixer are in a ratio of 2: 1 to 1: 1. In these proportions, the
Beim Mischer 10 sind die Kantlinien 16 und die entsprechenden Stegabschnitte parallel zueinander und quer zum Stegverlauf versetzt. Auf diese Weise wird bei den abgekanteten Leitelementen 14 das gewünschte Verschränkungsmaß erreicht, was die Verwirbelung der durchtretenden Strömung verbessert.In the
Es gibt auch Ausführungen, bei denen die Kantlinien 16 nicht parallel, sondern angewinkelt zueinander verlaufen.There are also embodiments in which the canted
Der Mischer 10 wird vorzugsweise aus einem tiefziehbaren Blechmaterial hergestellt. Beim Einsatz in einer Fahrzeugabgasanlage sind dazu insbesondere austenitische Stahlwerkstoffe, z.B. in Qualitäten wie 1.4301 o.ä., in Ausgangswandstärken von 0,75 bis 3 mm geeignet. Der Durchmesser des dargestellten Mischers beträgt typischerweise 50 bis 75 mm.The
Der Mischer 20 gemäß
Der in
Bei anderen nicht dargestellten Ausführungen können sowohl die Form und Größe, als auch die Neigung, sowie die Wölbung einzelner Leitelemente 14, 24 oder 34 individuell unterschiedlich ausgebildet sein. Dadurch können die Mischeigenschaften auf ein stationäres Einströmungsprofil individuell abgestimmt und optimiert werden.In other embodiments, not shown, both the shape and size, and the inclination, as well as the curvature of
In einer weiteren nicht dargestellten Ausführungsform können die äußeren Leitelemente 74a auch jeweils paarweise von einer gemeinsamen Kantlinie 76 ausgehend gegeneinander ausgestellt werden, so dass im Randbodenbereich 71a dann keine Drallwirkung entsteht.In another embodiment, not shown, the outer guide elements 74a can also be issued in pairs starting from a common edge line 76 against each other, so that no swirling action then arises in the edge bottom portion 71a.
In weiteren nicht dargestellten Ausführungen kann der zentrale Bodenbereich 71b auch so ausgebildet sein, wie er in Verbindung mit den Ausführungsformen entsprechend der
Beim in
In anderen nicht dargestellten Mischeranordnungen können auch unterschiedliche Mischer miteinander kombiniert werden. Es ist auch möglich, neben der zueinander verdrehten Anordnung die Mischer 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 mit in unterschiedlich geneigten Ebenen verlaufenden Bodenbereichen - also schräg - in einen Rohrabschnitt 101 anzuordnen.In other mixer arrangements, not shown, different mixers can be combined. It is also possible, in addition to the twisted arrangement the
Es gibt auch weiterhin Ausführungen, bei denen die Mischer ohne Seitenwandbereich ausgebildet sind. Solche Mischer sind dann mehr oder weniger scheibenförmig gestaltet, bei denen nur der Randbereich die Stege untereinander verbindet. So ein scheibenförmiger Mischer kann dann beispielsweise auch auf ein Rohrende aufgesetzt werden oder zwischen zwei Rohrenden eingefügt werden. Es ist auch möglich, so einen scheibenförmigen Mischer in einen entsprechenden Aufnahmeschlitz eines Rohrabschnitts einzusetzen.There continue to be designs in which the mixers are formed without sidewall region. Such mixers are then designed more or less disk-shaped, in which only the edge region connects the webs with each other. Such a disc-shaped mixer can then for example be placed on a pipe end or inserted between two pipe ends. It is also possible to use such a disk-shaped mixer in a corresponding receiving slot of a pipe section.
Die Napfform wird in einem Zieh- oder Tiefziehprozess hergestellt, bei dem unter Verwendung einer Matrize und einer Patrize das Halbzeug plastisch so verformt wird, dass es nach dem Formvorgang der gewünschten Endgestalt nahe kommt. In einem zweiten Nachformvorgang wird die Geometrie weiter angenähert. Zum Beispiel werden die Übergangsradien zwischen dem Seitenwandbereich 12 und dem Bodenbereich 11 im Randbereich 17 verringert.The cup form is produced in a drawing or deep-drawing process, in which the semifinished product is plastically deformed using a die and a male part, so that it comes close to the desired final shape after the molding process. In a second postforming process, the geometry is further approximated. For example, the transition radii between the
Als nächstes werden die Konturen der Stege 13 und der Leitelemente 14 definiert. Durch einen zweistufigen Lochvorgang wird sichergestellt, dass keine unerwünschten plastischen Verformungen der Stege 13 bzw. der Leitelemente 14 erfolgen. Das zweistufige Lochen hat weiter den Vorteil, dass die Werkzeuggeometrien für ggf. erforderliche Stanzwerkzeuge vereinfacht werden und die relativ komplexe Steg-Leitelementkontur sauber und wiederholgenau herstellbar ist.Next, the contours of the
Im letzten, die eigentliche Mischergeometrie bestimmenden Arbeitschritt werden die Leitelemente 14 entlang der Kantlinien angekippt und relativ zu den Stegen 13 verformt.In the last working step determining the actual mixer geometry, the
Zusätzlich können in einer ggf. erforderlichen Endbearbeitung die einzelnen Mischer 10 von einem zur Bearbeitung erforderlichen Führungsstreifen abgetrennt werden. Ggf. können auch noch Arbeiten zum Entgraten oder Kalibrieren der fertigen Teile erfolgen. In einer abschließenden Oberflächenbehandlung kann beispielsweise ein Korrosionsschutz aufgebracht werden.In addition, if necessary, the
Die einzelnen Arbeitsschritte können ggf. um weitere Schritte ergänzt werden, zum Beispiel in dem Fall, in dem die Leitelemente wie in den
Weitere Abwandlungen und Variationen der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich für den Fachmann im Rahmen der nachfolgenden Ansprüche.Further modifications and variations of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art within the scope of the following claims.
Claims (10)
- A static mixer (10; 20; 30; 40; 50; 60; 70) for mixing at least one fluid flow by way of a flow cross-section in a tube section (101), with webs (13; 43; 53; 63; 73) extending transversely to the flow direction, and
guide elements (14; 24; 34; 44; 54; 64; 74b) starting from these webs and inclined with respect to the flow direction,
wherein the mixer (10; 20; 30; 40; 50; 60; 70) is formed in one piece and in the form of a bowl with a base region (11) and a lateral wall region (12) extending in the flow direction, wherein the webs (13; 43; 53; 63; 73), the edge region (17) and the guide elements (14; 24; 34; 44; 54; 64; 74a; 74b) are formed in one piece from the base region (11), characterized in that a plurality of guide elements (14; 24; 34; 44; 54) are connected in each case to a web (13; 43; 53; 73) along different edge lines (16; 46; 56) and the edge lines (16) extend offset parallel to one another locally. - A mixer (10; 20; 30; 40; 50; 60; 70) according to claim 1, in which the guide elements (14; 24; 34; 44; 54; 64; 74b) are connected in each case to a web (13; 43; 53; 63; 73) along an edge line (16; 46; 56; 66).
- A mixer (20; 30; 40; 70) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the guide elements (24; 34; 44; 74b) have a convex and/or concave shaping with respect to the flow direction (B).
- A mixer (20; 30; 40; 70) according to claim 3, in which the shaping is formed along at least one further edge line (25; 45).
- A mixer (10; 20; 30; 40; 50; 60; 70) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which the web width (b) in the plane of the disc and the thickness (S) of the web at a right angle to the plane of the disc are in a ratio of from 2 : 1 to 1 : 1.
- A mixer (10; 20; 30; 40; 50; 60; 70) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, in which the webs (13; 23; 33; 43; 53; 63; 73) are formed in one piece at their ends with an edge region (17) connecting the webs to one another.
- A mixer (10; 20; 30; 40; 50; 60; 70) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, in which the webs (13; 43; 53; 63; 73) and the edge region (17) define an end face (18) facing in the flow direction and the guide elements (14; 24; 34; 44; 54; 64; 74a; 74b) define a swirling face (19; 29; 39) inclined with respect to the flow direction (B), wherein the end face (18) is at a ratio of from 0.8 to 0.35 and preferably at a ratio of from 0.5 to 0.4 with respect to the swirling face (19; 29; 39), and the end face and the swirling face (18, 19; 29; 39) together cover from 50 % to 75 % of the flow cross-section.
- A mixing arrangement (100) with at least two mixers (10; 20; 30; 40; 50; 60; 70) according to any one of the preceding claims, which are arranged one behind the other in the flow direction in a tube section (101),
wherein the mixers are designed differently and/or are orientated differently from each other in each case. - A method of producing a mixer (10; 20; 30; 40; 50; 60; 70) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising- preparing a metal sheet material- stamping out an external contour defining the shape of the mixer,- shaping a lateral wall region in a deep-drawing process in order to form a bowl shape,- first stamping out an internal contour defining webs and guide elements,- shaping the guiding elements [with] edge lines extending along the webs.
- A method according to claim 9 additionally having:- a convex and/or concave shaping of the guide elements with respect to the flow direction along at least one bending line (25; 45).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102008020827A DE102008020827A1 (en) | 2008-04-25 | 2008-04-25 | Mixer, method of making such and mixer assembly |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2111917A1 EP2111917A1 (en) | 2009-10-28 |
EP2111917B1 true EP2111917B1 (en) | 2011-09-28 |
Family
ID=40852104
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09005543A Not-in-force EP2111917B1 (en) | 2008-04-25 | 2009-04-20 | Static mixer, method for manufacturing the same and mixing arrangement |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2111917B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE526074T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102008020827A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2373842T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101100851B1 (en) * | 2009-10-29 | 2012-01-02 | 한국전력기술 주식회사 | An Exhaust Gas Denitrifing System having Reducer-mixing and Noise-diminution Structure |
US20110174408A1 (en) * | 2010-01-21 | 2011-07-21 | Fluid Components International Llc | Flow mixer and conditioner |
KR101664494B1 (en) * | 2010-07-08 | 2016-10-13 | 두산인프라코어 주식회사 | Static mixer for mixing urea aqueous solution and engine exhaust gas |
JP5124030B2 (en) * | 2011-03-18 | 2013-01-23 | 株式会社小松製作所 | Exhaust gas purification device |
CA2775346C (en) * | 2011-07-22 | 2019-03-05 | Sulzer Mixpac Ag | Static mixer |
DE102011083637B4 (en) * | 2011-09-28 | 2016-04-14 | Eberspächer Exhaust Technology GmbH & Co. KG | Mixing and / or evaporation device |
DE102012016423B3 (en) * | 2012-08-21 | 2014-02-27 | Eberspächer Exhaust Technology GmbH & Co. KG | Exhaust system with mixing and or evaporation device |
CN104329142B (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2017-04-12 | 埃贝斯佩歇排气技术有限责任两合公司 | Multistage plate type mixer |
CN103585907A (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2014-02-19 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Specially-shaped box type static mixer |
JP6151657B2 (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2017-06-21 | ヤンマー株式会社 | Ship exhaust gas purification system |
DE102016206825A1 (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2017-10-26 | Man Diesel & Turbo Se | Mixing device for an exhaust aftertreatment system of an internal combustion engine |
US10857715B2 (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2020-12-08 | Promix Solutions Ag | Mixer structure for a film die and a film die |
CN113083058A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-07-09 | 安徽博泰塑业科技有限公司 | Product raw material mixing device of PPR |
DE102022132126A1 (en) | 2022-12-05 | 2024-06-06 | Purem GmbH | Exhaust gas treatment arrangement |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3444687A (en) * | 1966-03-14 | 1969-05-20 | Louis Andersson | Method and apparatus for afterburning exhaust gases |
DE2522106C3 (en) * | 1975-05-17 | 1982-04-15 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Device for the continuous mixing of flowable substances and method for producing a mixing insert |
DE3536315A1 (en) | 1985-10-11 | 1987-04-16 | Sueddeutsche Kuehler Behr | Catalyst arrangement for the purification of exhaust gases, in particular of an internal combustion engine |
DE4313393C2 (en) | 1993-04-07 | 2003-06-26 | Siemens Ag | Static mixer |
US5605399A (en) * | 1995-10-17 | 1997-02-25 | Komax Systems, Inc. | Progressive motionless mixer |
EP0894523B1 (en) * | 1997-07-28 | 2003-10-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Use of a static mixer as catalyst for hydrolysis and the use thereof for an exhaust duct for a combustion system |
DE19741199C2 (en) | 1997-09-18 | 2000-10-26 | Siemens Ag | Static mixer |
US6394644B1 (en) * | 1999-06-21 | 2002-05-28 | Koch-Glitsch, Inc. | Stacked static mixing elements |
GB2381218B (en) * | 2001-10-25 | 2004-12-15 | Eminox Ltd | Gas treatment apparatus |
DE102006024778B3 (en) * | 2006-03-02 | 2007-07-19 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | Static mixer for exhaust system of internal combustion engine, has flow conducting surfaces arranged at web materials so that surfaces are arranged with cells at their diverting side and extend in direction of flow in tube |
DE102006055036B4 (en) * | 2006-11-22 | 2023-03-02 | Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies, Germany Gmbh | Mixing element and exhaust system for an internal combustion engine |
DE102007009890A1 (en) * | 2007-02-28 | 2008-09-04 | Arvinmeritor Emissions Technologies Gmbh | Static mixing element, particularly arrangement in exhaust gas system of internal combustion engine, has grid-like component through which exhaust gas flows and component is formed in single-piece |
DE102007020812B4 (en) * | 2007-05-04 | 2010-01-14 | Audi Ag | Apparatus and method for the addition of fluid pollutant-reducing media in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine |
DE102007048558A1 (en) * | 2007-10-09 | 2009-04-16 | Audi Ag | Static mixer for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine-driven vehicle, in particular of a motor vehicle |
-
2008
- 2008-04-25 DE DE102008020827A patent/DE102008020827A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2009
- 2009-04-20 EP EP09005543A patent/EP2111917B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-04-20 AT AT09005543T patent/ATE526074T1/en active
- 2009-04-20 ES ES09005543T patent/ES2373842T3/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2111917A1 (en) | 2009-10-28 |
ATE526074T1 (en) | 2011-10-15 |
ES2373842T3 (en) | 2012-02-09 |
DE102008020827A1 (en) | 2009-11-05 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2111917B1 (en) | Static mixer, method for manufacturing the same and mixing arrangement | |
EP2097625B2 (en) | Mixing element and exhaust system for an internal combustion engine | |
EP2535535B1 (en) | Static mixer | |
EP2820260B1 (en) | Device for exhaust gas purification | |
DE102013204189B4 (en) | Mixing system | |
EP2006017B1 (en) | Mixing and/or vaporisation device and corresponding manufacturing method | |
WO2008104350A1 (en) | Static mixing element and method for producing a static mixing element | |
DE102008017395B4 (en) | Mixing and / or evaporating device and associated production method | |
EP0201665B1 (en) | Heat transfer element comprising parallel tubes with fins | |
WO2013131977A1 (en) | Honeycomb body for exhaust gas post-treatment | |
DE3853466T2 (en) | Curved plate with vortex generator. | |
DE102016115030A1 (en) | Exhaust gas mixing element | |
DE102013222914A1 (en) | Method for producing a mixer | |
EP1835139A2 (en) | Method for manufacturing a mixing device for an exhaust gas secondary treatment device, mixing device for exhaust gas secondary treatment device and assembly with such a mixing device | |
DE10009124B4 (en) | Catalyst for cleaning an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine | |
DE102018125081A1 (en) | High pressure gas filter for airbag gas generators in vehicles | |
EP2226486B1 (en) | Method for manufacturing an ejector nozzle tube | |
DE102018119578A1 (en) | mixer | |
EP1733790B1 (en) | Structured metal sheet for a honeycomb body | |
WO2013087852A2 (en) | Mixing apparatus | |
DE102014222395A1 (en) | Exhaust system and method for producing such | |
WO2007118609A1 (en) | Muffler for an exhaust system | |
DE102017216993B3 (en) | mixing device | |
DE102012004291A1 (en) | Emission control device for use in exhaust-gas treatment device of motor car, has honeycomb bodies respectively arranged at entry and exit ends of pipe line portion, and projection with extension twice as large as height of projection | |
DE102008053106A1 (en) | Mixing and evaporating device for exhaust system of internal-combustion engine, particularly in motor vehicle, has tube body made up of two sheet metal bodies and multiple shovels integrally formed at sheet metal body |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20100419 |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
RTI1 | Title (correction) |
Free format text: STATIC MIXER, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME AND MIXING ARRANGEMENT |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R096 Ref document number: 502009001423 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20111222 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: VDEP Effective date: 20110928 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110928 Ref country code: HR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110928 Ref country code: LT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110928 Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110928 Ref country code: NO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20111228 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2373842 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 Effective date: 20120209 |
|
LTIE | Lt: invalidation of european patent or patent extension |
Effective date: 20110928 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20111229 Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110928 Ref country code: SI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110928 Ref country code: LV Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110928 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SK Ref legal event code: T3 Ref document number: E 10611 Country of ref document: SK |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FD4D |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20120128 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: RO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110928 Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110928 Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110928 Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20120130 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110928 Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110928 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110928 |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20120629 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R097 Ref document number: 502009001423 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20120629 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: PRESSWERK STRUTHUTTEN G.M.B.H. Effective date: 20120430 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20120430 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20120430 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110928 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BG Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20111228 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110928 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20130430 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20130430 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: TR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20110928 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20120420 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: HU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20090420 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MM01 Ref document number: 526074 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20140420 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20140420 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CZ Payment date: 20180413 Year of fee payment: 10 Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20180423 Year of fee payment: 10 Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20180523 Year of fee payment: 10 Ref country code: SK Payment date: 20180416 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20180424 Year of fee payment: 10 Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20180420 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20180424 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 502009001423 Country of ref document: DE |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20190420 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SK Ref legal event code: MM4A Ref document number: E 10611 Country of ref document: SK Effective date: 20190420 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20191101 Ref country code: CZ Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20190420 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20190420 Ref country code: SK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20190420 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20190430 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20190420 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20200831 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20190421 |