EP2110822A1 - Method for reducing the air supply from the atmosphere into the expansion tank of high voltage facilities filled with isolating fluid and device for carrying out the method - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves determining buffer space volume by lower and upper working temperatures (Tu, To) of an insulating fluid in a high-voltage system i.e. transformer. Gas is delivered from an external buffer space (15) by oil expulsion via a pipe opening (4), where the pipe opening is provided in a casing of inner small tank (3), during exceeding of pre-defined high pressure relative to atmospheric pressure. Air is supplied from the atmosphere into the buffer space via a compensation pipe (8) and by oil expulsion via the pipe opening, when low-pressure falls below the atmospheric pressure. An independent claim is also included for a device for reducing an oxygen content of air in an expansion tank of a high voltage system.

Description

The invention relates to a method for reducing the supply of air from the atmosphere in the expansion vessel filled with insulating high-voltage systems. The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method, the design of which differs when new starting up of transformers from the already used in transformers thermal aging.

[State of the art]

High-voltage systems, eg transformers, are filled with insulating liquids, eg mineral oil, for cooling. Load changes as well as fluctuations of the cooling system capacities and also the outside temperatures lead to significant temperature changes and thus volume changes of the oil filling. The latter are taken up by expansion vessels above the transformer tank. In you there is a direct contact of the oil level with the atmospheric air. The pressure equalization to the atmosphere via a pipe, which is closed at its end with a dehumidifier and an oil bell. In addition, an air supply from the atmosphere occurs when with the onset of thermal aging of oxygen in the active part of the transformer is consumed as well as degassed insulating fluids during re-saturation (re-commissioning, repairs). Although this classic atmosphere settlement system has been proven in Europe, it is moving away from it and towards air-termination systems - mainly around oxygen to exclude, but also to avoid the burden of dehumidification. For oxygen, a direct relationship to the life of the insulation system is seen. Criteria for this as well as reliable analytical methods for their monitoring are missing.

• hohe Kosten, insbesondere bei Nachrüstungen;
• Nachrüstung bei abgeschaltetem Zustand;
• fehlende Kriterien zur Wirksamkeit;
• die beabsichtigte Totalentfernung des Sauerstoffs ist durch technische Grenzen nicht umsetzbar.

The known technical solutions replace direct air contact by separating membranes or include nitrogen or vacuum in the expansion vessel. These solutions have the following disadvantages:

• high costs, especially for retrofits;
• Retrofit when switched off;
• lack of effectiveness criteria;
• the intended total removal of oxygen is not feasible due to technical limitations.

Since the complex role of oxygen is still insufficiently elucidated, so far only the demand for subsidence has been confirmed.

Techniques are known which make a separation of the active part in the oil itself. So will in DE 102005054812 A1 a parallel to the boiler tubular shaped hollow body, which is hydraulically connected to the boiler disclosed. Therein, a floating arranged sealing piston, which is applied on one side with insulating liquid of a defined electrical strength of Isolierölfüllung in the boiler and on the other hand with an under atmospheric pressure insulating oil with any electrical strength, led, which serves as a barrier fluid insulating oil in a above the Hollow body arranged expansion tank is located.

DE 10035947 B4 discloses an apparatus for reducing the contamination of liquids by air mixture and water. This device consists of the main container in which there is the heat source, which is connected in its lower part with a tube with the Dilatationsbehälter; which flows freely into the surrounding atmosphere. Between the pure and warm liquid, a stable layer of thermal stagnation forms, which is spontaneous under the heat source at the boundary layer to the underlying cold potentially Contaminated liquid, which is located in the lower part of the main container, the connecting tube and Dilatationsbehälter arises.

The above-mentioned disadvantages also apply to these techniques.

The aim of one's invention is to make the expansion vessel, in particular with direct air contact, in order to obtain a sustainable reduction of the oxygen content and to reduce the moisture input from the atmosphere.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The object of the invention is to provide a connected to the expansion vessel of the high voltage system, non-lockable air buffer space, which restricts the use of air caused by the gas budget of the Isolierflüssigkeitssystems air entry from the atmosphere and utilize that with the onset of thermal aging of the insulation system simultaneously in the liquid Dissolved oxygen is consumed, so as to get a reduction in the oxygen content of the air in the expansion vessel and thus reduce the oxygen consumption by continuous feedback and to reduce the moisture input.

• nach Neuinbetriebnahme von Transformatoren erreicht das Kesselöl in einer Zeitspanne von 6 Wochen bis zu 18 Monaten die Luftsättigung (NIS-Kriterium).
• eine Sättigungskonzentration für Luftsauerstoff von ca. 32000 ppm bleibt viele Jahre erhalten, solange, bis der thermische Abbau des Isolationssystems einsetzt und Oxidationsreaktionen ablaufen;
• die Absenkung der Sauerstoffkonzentration im Öl hat keinen Einfluss auf den Sauerstoffgehalt im Luftraum des Ausdehnungsgefäßes (nur bei thermischen Anomalien festgestellt), da eine schnelle Nachlieferung aus der Atmosphäre erfolgt.

To solve the problem, the following findings about expansion vessels, in particular with direct air contact, are used:

• After new commissioning of transformers, the boiler oil reaches the air saturation in a period of 6 weeks to 18 months (NIS criterion).
• a saturation concentration for atmospheric oxygen of about 32,000 ppm is maintained for many years, until the thermal degradation of the insulation system begins and oxidation reactions take place;
• the lowering of the oxygen concentration in the oil has no influence on the oxygen content in the air space of the expansion vessel (only detected in the case of thermal anomalies), as there is a rapid re-delivery from the atmosphere.

The object is solved by the features illustrated in the claims. The basic idea is to use an external breathing buffer selectable in combination with the use of an inert gas.

• bis zu einem vorgegebenen Überdruck zum Atmosphärendruck Gas aus dem Ausdehnungsgefäß in einen externen Pufferraum übernommen wird,
• bis zu einem vorgegebenen Unterdruck zum Atmosphärendruck Gas aus einem externen Pufferraum in das Ausdehnungsgefäß übernommen wird,
• wobei das Puffervolumen von einer unteren und einer oberen Arbeitstemperatur (T_u, T_o) der Isolierflüssigkeit in der Hochspannungsanlage mitbestimmt wird.

The inventive method is characterized in that

• is taken up to a predetermined pressure to atmospheric pressure gas from the expansion vessel in an external buffer space,
• is taken up to a predetermined negative pressure to atmospheric pressure gas from an external buffer space in the expansion vessel,
• wherein the buffer volume of a lower and an upper operating temperature (T _u , T _o ) of the insulating liquid in the high-voltage system is co-determined.

When the overpressure to atmospheric pressure is exceeded, gas is released from the buffer space via a pipe opening in the shell of an inner, smaller tank.

When the pressure drops below the atmospheric pressure, air is taken from the atmosphere via a compensating pipe and a pipe opening in the jacket of an inner, smaller tank into the buffer space.

In one embodiment, an inert gas is fed into the buffer space for faster and greater reduction of the air supply from the atmosphere when the pressure falls below the atmospheric pressure.

In another embodiment, the stability of the gas balance can be improved by setting an upper and lower limit in the buffer space for the absolute pressure, outside of which a pressure equalization with the atmosphere takes place.

A particular advantage arises when the expansion vessel and the buffer space are flushed with an inert gas directly with the process application. Nitrogen is used as the inert gas.

By reducing the filling volume of insulating liquid in the tanks, the reduction of air supply from the atmosphere is reduced. On the other hand, by connecting several tanks via a manifold to the Dehumidifier of the expansion tank increases the reduction of the air supply from the atmosphere into the expansion tank. The same can be achieved if the buffer space of a tank with an air-impermeable buffer bag is increased.

In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of reducing the supply of air from the atmosphere to the expansion tank, the absolute oxygen content in the expansion tank is measured.

The method can be used both in expansion vessels with direct contact between insulating liquid and gas space as well as in expansion vessels with separating membrane.

The device according to the invention consists of an outer closed, cylindrical tank, in whose lid a second smaller, cylindrical inner tank is inserted with a lid. This is open at the bottom and spaced from the bottom of the outer tank. In the lower casing area, a pipe opening leads into the upper area of the compensation space of the inner tank. The outer tank is connected via a connection with the dehumidifier of the expansion tank. From the compensation chamber of the inner tank, a horizontal pipe, which ends as a downwardly open pipe bend, leads out through the outer tank shell. In the outer and inner tank an insulating liquid is contained with exactly sized filling volume, so that form a buffer space in the outer tank and a compensation space in the inner tank. At the outer tank, a one-way cock is preferably arranged in the upper region of the jacket. On the shell of the outer tank, a float switch may also be arranged, which is connected via a valve to a pressure vessel of an inert gas.

The dimensions of both tanks as well as the filling volume of the insulating liquid are derived from the selected operating temperatures, the given pressures and the Isolierflüssigkeitseigenschaften.

To increase the working volume of buffer space and compensation space several devices are interconnected via a manifold with the dehumidifier of the expansion vessel. To increase the buffer space, this can be connected to a volume-variable buffer bag. In the Manifold can be introduced a pressure sensor in conjunction with a freely opening to the atmosphere valve.

As one possible embodiment, the outer and inner tanks may be cubic or cuboid.

In a further embodiment, the inner tank has a bottom and is arranged next to the outer tank in the manner that a wall is shared, in the lower region of a pipe joint is arranged at a predetermined height.

Against external weather conditions a protection against sun radiation and against extreme minus temperatures a heating is intended.

The entire device is not lockable.

• der Abbau des Isolationssystems durch die Beschleuniger Feuchte und Sauerstoff kann eingeschränkt und die Lebensdauer der Hochspannungsanlage verlängert werden;
• der in der Flüssigkeit gelöste Sauerstoff gelangt durch Konvektion in die Hochspannungsanlage und wird mit einsetzender thermischer Alterung des Isolationssystems verbraucht, ohne dass von außen neuer Sauerstoff zugeführt wird;
• aus der Routineüberwachung heraus kann der Zeitpunkt der Installation der Vorrichtung ermittelt werden; der spätestens mit dem Beginn der thermischen Alterung des Isolationssystems beginnen sollte;
• die Anschaffung und Installation sind preisgünstig, es ist keine Betriebsunterbrechung erforderlich für die Installation;
• die Wirksamkeit der Sauerstoffabsenkung kann durch Analysen im Gas des Ausdehnungsgefäßes verfolgt werden;
• über den Füllstand der Isolierflüssigkeit in der Vorrichtung kann die Wirksamkeit der Sauerstoffabsenkung verändert werden;
• die Zusammenschaltung mehrerer Vorrichtungen und/oder die Kopplung einer Vorrichtung mit einem Puffersack gestattet die Anpassung an die Größe des Ausdehnungsgefäßes sowie die Wirksamkeit der Sauerstoffabsenkung;
• der Einsatz der Vorrichtung ist wartungsfrei und entlastet auch die Arbeitsweise des Luftentfeuchters am Ausdehnungsgefäß;
• die Dosierung eines Inertgases bei Unterschreitung des Unterdrucks zum Atmosphärendruck ermöglicht eine schnellere und stärkere Reduzierung der Luftzuführung aus der Atmosphäre;
• das offene Abschlusssystem des Transformators wird in ein quasi geschlossenes überführt, wobei im Ausdehnungsgefäß ein näherungsweises Online - Gleichgewichtsgas entsteht, was für die analytische Überwachung sehr interessant ist.

The method according to the invention and the device for carrying out the method have the following advantages:

• the degradation of the insulation system by the accelerators moisture and oxygen can be limited and the life of the high-voltage system extended;
• The dissolved oxygen in the liquid passes through convection in the high voltage system and is consumed with onset of thermal aging of the insulation system, without new oxygen is supplied from the outside;
• from the routine monitoring the time of installation of the device can be determined; which should begin at the latest with the beginning of the thermal aging of the insulation system;
• The purchase and installation are inexpensive, there is no operational interruption required for the installation;
• the effectiveness of the oxygen lowering can be monitored by analyzes in the gas of the expansion vessel;
• over the level of the insulating liquid in the device, the effectiveness of the oxygen lowering can be changed;
• the interconnection of several devices and / or the coupling of a device with a buffer bag allows adaptation to the size of the expansion vessel and the effectiveness of the oxygen reduction;
• The use of the device is maintenance-free and also relieves the operation of the dehumidifier on the expansion tank;
• the metering of an inert gas when the pressure drops below the atmospheric pressure enables a faster and greater reduction of the supply of air from the atmosphere;
• the open termination system of the transformer is transformed into a quasi - closed one, whereby an approximate on - line equilibrium gas is created in the expansion vessel, which is very interesting for the analytical supervision.

[Examples]

Figur 1

die schematische Darstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung an ein Ausdehnungsgefäß angeschlossen,

Figur 2

eine Ausführungsform mit zusätzlichen Schwimmkörpern sowie den Stutzen für einen Puffersack und

Figur 3

die schematische Darstellung mehrere über- und nebeneinander gestapelter Vorrichtungen.

The invention will be explained with reference to drawings. Show this

FIG. 1

the schematic representation of the device according to the invention connected to an expansion vessel,

FIG. 2

an embodiment with additional floats and the nozzle for a buffer bag and

FIG. 3

the schematic representation of several stacked and side by side stacked devices.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of the device according to the invention on the expansion vessel of a transformer, which is not connected shut-off. The device consists of an outer closed, cylindrical tank 1, in whose lid 2 a second, smaller cylindrical tank 3 is inserted centrally. The tanks 1 and 3 may also be cubic or cuboid. The inner tank 3 has no bottom, is spaced from the bottom of the outer tank 1 and has in the lower part of the shell a pipe opening 4, which leads via a pipe 5 in the upper part of the tank 3. The inner tank 3 has its own lid 6.

The jacket of tank 1 has below the upper edge of a nozzle 7, and a one-way valve 11. On the jacket of the outer tank 1, a float switch 12 is disposed in the lower region, which is connected via a valve 13 with a pressure vessel of an inert gas. In the upper part of the shell of the inner tank 3 is inserted a compensating tube 8 and leads horizontally through the shell of the outer tank 1 to the outside and is open at the bottom.

The lid 6 of tank 3 is removed and tanks 1 and 3 are partially filled with a precisely determined volume of an insulating liquid 14, eg transformer oil, which may be without quality requirements. This creates a buffer space 15 in the outer tank 1 above the insulating liquid 14, which is connected via the dehumidifier 9 with the air space of the expansion vessel 10 and forms a unit with this. In the tank 3 is above the insulating liquid 14 of the compensation chamber 16. The insulating liquid 14 has the task of a diffusion barrier for oxygen between the air in the expansion vessel 10 and the atmosphere. The tube opening 4 in tube 5 serves to take over the free gas exchange between the buffer space 15 and the atmosphere in order not to move the insulating liquid 14 as a diffusion barrier. To increase this effect, floating body 17 can be introduced to cover the Isolierflüssigkeitsoberfläche in the tank 3 and tube 5. To reinforce the diffusion barrier pipe 5 may also be a U-tube 20, which has openings 21 below and also passes through tank 1, in which case floats 17 are introduced ( Fig. 2 ). These floats 17 are filled, for example via two covers 22 in the lid 2 in the tank 1. In the upper part of the shell of the outer tank 1, a nozzle with closure 25 is attached to the connection of a buffer bag.

The dimensions of both tanks 1 and 3 and the filling volume of the insulating liquid 14 are derived from the selected operating temperatures, the predetermined pressures and the Isolierflüssigkeitseigenschaften.

The outer tank 1 is preferably protected from the outside against solar radiation in order to suppress temperature differences in the insulating liquid 14. In extreme minus temperatures, heating should also be possible. The installation of the device according to the invention must be horizontal.

The thus installed tank 1 has the following procedure:

The connection from the outer tank 1 to the dehumidifier 9 via a manifold 18 at the prevailing atmospheric pressure and an oil level in the expansion vessel 10 between the imaginary marks U and O, where the Working temperatures T _u and T _{o are} assigned and which are within the minimum / maximum values. The manifold 18 includes a pressure sensor 23 and a valve 24 that communicates with the atmosphere. If changes in the oil level in the expansion tank 10, the oil level in the outer tank 1 increases with decrease of the boiler oil temperature in the direction T _u , or in the inner tank 3 with increase of the boiler oil temperature in the direction T _o . The dimensions of tank 1 and tank 3 and the filling volume of the insulating liquid 14 are calculated so that within the selected operating temperatures T _u and T _o the air pressures in the expansion vessel 10 are within predetermined pressures, which can be optimally in the natural range of variation of the atmospheric pressure.

For temperatures outside the working temperatures T _u and T _o , the entry of atmospheric air into the outer tank 1 or the discharge of air from the expansion tank 10 via tank 1 is effected. Variations in the atmospheric pressure are easily buffered via the outer tank 1.

For the choice of the operating temperatures T _u and T _o , it is often sufficient to refer to the highest summer temperature and the lowest winter temperature of the boiler oil during power operation. At temperatures below T _u then a limited supply of air from the atmosphere can be accepted. The only small oxygen input is consumed again in the dissolved state.

When warming up above the temperature T _o , air is released into the atmosphere. According to the invention, there is thus a self-regulating, natural system between the set pressure limits, which does not require any maintenance. So that the superposition of extreme atmospheric pressure values with possible working conditions can not lead to an increase in the pressure range given only by atmospheric pressure fluctuations, the pressure with sensor 23 is measured. In the event of deviations from the predetermined pressure range, the compensation with the atmosphere takes place in good time via valve 24.

The added oil column height in the outer tank 1 and inner tank 3 is the time-varying diffusion barrier for gases, especially for oxygen. Parallel to the air buffering in the outer tank 1 takes place in the expansion vessel 10, a constant gas exchange between the air and the convective boiler oil instead. The Dissolved oxygen is consumed with onset of thermal aging of the insulation system in the active part. Due to constant feedback, these processes, the oxygen content of the air in the expansion vessel 10 or also in the buffer space 15 is increasingly decreasing. As a result, the replenishment of oxygen from the expansion vessel 10 stops in the boiler. The maximum lowering of oxygen is limited by the quality of the diffusion barrier.

For higher demands on a rapid or greater reduction of the oxygen content of the air in the expansion vessel 10, the expansion vessel 10 and the outer tank 1 can be flushed directly into the filling line 19 of the expansion vessel 10 via the one-way valve 11 by introducing inert gas directly with the process application.

The monitoring of the effectiveness of the reduction in the oxygen content can be occupied by air samples from the one-way valve 11.

The criterion for the effectiveness of lowering the oxygen content in the expansion vessel 10 can only be the absolute oxygen content in the airspace itself. About him can be concluded on the dissolved oxygen levels, not the other way around.

In a further embodiment, which is intended to prevent air from reaching the atmospheric pressure in the buffer space 15 when a predetermined negative pressure is reached, inert gas is passed through a valve 13, which is controlled by a float switch 12 on the shell of the outer tank 1, the outer Tank 1 supplied. In this case, the maximum Inertgaszuführung until the overpressure to atmospheric pressure, which is calculated in the simplest case possible over a time limit. Since no air from the outside enters the system, u.a. the dehumidifier is spared.

This version is preferable for new start-up and operating conditions where degassed insulating fluid is present.

In a further embodiment, valve 13 instead of valve 24 can be switched when falling below the controlled by sensor 23 negative pressure to atmospheric pressure.

For the dimension of the device according to the invention in Fig. 1 it is advantageous to set optimized standard sizes. For larger expansion vessels 10, several devices can after Fig. 1 be interconnected horizontally and / or vertically via the nozzle 7 to a manifold 18 in front of the dehumidifier 9 ( Fig. 3 ). Alternatively or additionally, a buffer bag can also be connected via the connection piece 25.

A possible, not further shown embodiment is that a larger closed tank is connected via a connecting piece with the dehumidifier 9 of the expansion vessel 10 and a second smaller tank having a bottom and is arranged adjacent to the outer tank, so that a wall shared. In the shared wall, a pipe joint at a predetermined height is arranged in the lower area. An insulating liquid with predetermined filling volume is contained in both tanks, so that form a buffer space in the larger tank and a compensation space in the smaller tank. In the upper part of the jacket or in the lid of the smaller tank, a compensating tube is inserted, which is bent and open at the bottom.

The method according to the invention can also be used with expansion vessels with separating membrane.

[REFERENCE LIST]

1

outer tank

2

cover

3

inner tank

4

tube opening

5

pipe

6

cover

7

Support

8th

balance pipe

9

Dehumidifiers

10

expansion tank

11

stopcock

12

float switch

13

Valve

14

insulating

15

buffer space

16

compensation chamber

17

float

18

manifold

19

filling line

20

U-tube

21

openings

22

cover

23

pressure sensor

24

Valve

25

Neck with closure

Claims (16)

Method for reducing the supply of air from the atmosphere into the expansion tank of high-voltage systems filled with insulating fluid,
characterized in that - Is taken over to a predetermined pressure to atmospheric pressure gas from the expansion vessel (10) in an external buffer space (15), - Is taken up to a predetermined negative pressure to atmospheric pressure gas from an external buffer space (15) in the expansion vessel (10), - The buffer space volume of a lower and an upper operating temperature (T _u , T _o ) of the insulating liquid is determined in the high-voltage system. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that
when the overpressure to atmospheric pressure gas from the buffer space (15) through a pipe opening (4) in the shell of an inner, smaller tank (3), which is in a lid (2) of an outer tank (1) is discharged. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that
falls below the negative pressure to the atmospheric pressure air from the atmosphere via a balance pipe (8) and a pipe opening (4) in the shell of an inner, smaller tank (3), which is in a cover (2) of an outer tank (1), in the buffer space (15) is taken over. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that
for faster and greater reduction of the air supply from the atmosphere when falling below the negative pressure to atmospheric pressure, an inert gas in the buffer space (15) is supplied to a maximum until reaching the overpressure to atmospheric pressure. A method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that
immediately with the process application, the expansion vessel (10) and the buffer space (15) are flushed with an inert gas. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that by reducing the filling volume of insulating liquid (14) in tank (1) and (3) the reduction of the air supply from the atmosphere into the expansion vessel (10) is reduced. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that by the connection of several tanks (1) and (3) via a manifold (18) to the dehumidifier (9) of the expansion vessel (10) and / or through the connection of a buffer bag via a connection (25) to the buffer space (15) of the outer tank (1), the reduction of the air supply from the atmosphere in the expansion vessel (10) is increased. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that
the absolute pressure in the collecting line (18) is measured and, in the event of deviations from a predetermined upper limit, a pressure equalization with the atmosphere via a valve (24) or, in the event of deviations to a lower limit, a pressure equalization with the atmosphere via a valve (24) or valve (13) he follows. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that
the absolute oxygen content in the expansion vessel (10) is measured to demonstrate the effectiveness of reducing the supply of air from the atmosphere to the expansion vessel (10). Device for lowering the oxygen content of the air in the expansion vessel of high-voltage installations, the liquid of which is in direct contact with a gas, characterized - That an outer closed tank (1) with a cover (2) via a nozzle (7) with the dehumidifier (9) of the expansion vessel (10) is connected, - That in the lid (2) of the outer tank (1), a second smaller inner tank (3) with a lid (6) is inserted, wherein the inner tank (3) after is open at the bottom and at the bottom of the outer tank (1) and in the lower shell region has a tube opening (4) of a tube (5), - That in the upper part of the shell of the inner tank (3), a compensating pipe (8) is inserted, which leads horizontally through the shell of the outer tank (1) to the outside and is open at the bottom and - That in the outer tank (1) an insulating liquid (14) is contained with predetermined filling volume, so that in the outer tank (1) a buffer space (15) and in the inner tank (3) form a compensation chamber (16). Device for lowering the oxygen content of the air in the expansion vessel of high-voltage installations, the liquid of which is in direct contact with a gas, characterized - That a larger closed tank is connected via a connecting piece with the dehumidifier (9) of the expansion vessel (10), - That a second smaller tank having a bottom and is arranged adjacent to the outer tank in the way that a wall is shared and in the lower region of a pipe joint is arranged at a predetermined height. - That in the upper part of the shell or in the lid of the smaller tank, a compensating tube is inserted, which is bent and open at the bottom and - That an insulating liquid with predetermined filling volume is contained in both tanks, so that form a buffer space in the larger tank and a compensation chamber in the smaller tank. Apparatus according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that
on the jacket of the outer or larger tank (1) a float switch (12) is arranged, which is connected via a valve (13) with a pressure vessel of an inert gas. Apparatus according to claim 10, 11 or 12, characterized in that
in tank (3) floats (17) are filled. Apparatus according to claim 10, 11 or 12, characterized in that
the tube (5) is designed as a U-tube (20), in whose bottom openings (21) are inserted, wherein in the U-tube (20) and in tank (1) and (3) floats (17) are filled. Device according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that to increase the working volume of buffer space (15) and compensation chamber (16) a plurality of devices via a manifold (18) with the dehumidifier (9) of the expansion vessel (10) are interconnected and the manifold (18) includes a pressure sensor (23) and a valve (24) connected to the atmosphere Device according to one of claims 10 to 15, characterized in that to increase the working volume of the buffer space (15) this is connected via a connecting piece (25) with a buffer bag.

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