EP2108467A2 - Method for producing highly dimensionally accurate half shells - Google Patents

Method for producing highly dimensionally accurate half shells Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2108467A2
EP2108467A2 EP09156326A EP09156326A EP2108467A2 EP 2108467 A2 EP2108467 A2 EP 2108467A2 EP 09156326 A EP09156326 A EP 09156326A EP 09156326 A EP09156326 A EP 09156326A EP 2108467 A2 EP2108467 A2 EP 2108467A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
board
bulges
punch
process section
hold
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Granted
Application number
EP09156326A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2108467B1 (en
EP2108467A3 (en
Inventor
Thomas Flehmig
Konstantinos Savvas
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ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
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ThyssenKrupp Steel AG
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Publication of EP2108467A3 publication Critical patent/EP2108467A3/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/201—Work-pieces; preparation of the work-pieces, e.g. lubricating, coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D13/00—Corrugating sheet metal, rods or profiles; Bending sheet metal, rods or profiles into wave form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/22—Deep-drawing with devices for holding the edge of the blanks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for forming blanks by drawing in a tool with a punch, a die and a hold-down.
  • the dimensional accuracy of half-shell parts which are produced by pulling a board, is regularly subject to quality problems in manufacturing.
  • High demands on the dimensional stability are made especially in the automotive industry, since the half-shell parts often interact with other components or half-shell parts or must be joined with them.
  • the dimensional stability of formed blanks is significantly influenced by the fact that by forming processes stresses are introduced into the boards, which make themselves felt by a springback of the formed board after forming. This significantly reduces the dimensional accuracy of the reshaped board and greatly complicates the manufacturing process for high precision components. So far, this problem has been solved by making a preform to reshape it into another endform tool. Due to the intermediate step of preforming, on the one hand, the strains introduced per forming step are not so great. On the other hand, however, arise due to the intermediate step of producing an intermediate form relatively high costs. Above all, the forming tools for the preform but also the extension of the production times by two separate steps lead to a cost burden of the entire process to the production of the
  • German patent application DE 197 42 818 A1 the production of a structural component for motor vehicles is known, which has a reinforcing plate, which provides a deformation reserve by depressions and elevations in the deformation of the base plate and the reinforcing plate.
  • the reinforcing plate provided with elevations and depressions to prevent wrinkling or cracking during the common deformation with the base plate.
  • the said German patent application thus deals with the transformation of reinforced or "patched" boards. Although cracks and wrinkles during forming can be prevented by providing deformation reserves in the form of bulges for the reinforcing sheet. However, the dimensional accuracy of the reshaped board outside the reinforced area is not improved.
  • the European patent EP 1 708 832 B1 discloses a hydroforming a board with bulges and / or depressions, which is to be increased by the bulges / depressions, the maximum degree of deformation. Hydroforming can only be used in combination with closed hollow sections. Therefore, no half shells are produced by this method. In addition, the active-media-based forming is very complex and relatively expensive compared to conventional thermoforming.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for forming blanks by drawing in a tool with a punch, a die and a blank holder provide, with which high-dimensional, formed plates can be produced, which are particularly suitable due to the high dimensional accuracy in the automotive industry.
  • the above-described object is achieved for a generic method in that a board with a plurality of introduced bulges in a tool, such as a die is introduced, the hold-down in the flange portions of the board in a first process section in a first position is added, which corresponds to the height of the bulges of the flange portions of the board added to the board thickness, the hold down the flange portions of the board holds down in this position, the board is preformed using the punch in the first process section in the tool and in a second process section of Downholder and the punch are brought into the end positions, so that the board is formed by the punch to the final shape and the hold-down smooths the bulges of the flange portions of the board.
  • deformation reserves can be made available by the method according to the invention during the forming of the blanks and the blank can be upset during its deformation over its entire cross-sectional length. Due to the improved deformation reserves due to the provision of material in the bulges, larger degrees of deformation during drawing can be achieved. It can be aligned by the compression of the board over its entire cross-sectional length existing voltages. This leads to particularly dimensionally stable components, since a springback or a reverse deformation of the components then mainly in one Direction takes place. According to the invention, in the first method section, the deformation reserve is utilized, in particular in the transition areas between the punch and the drawing radius, which are provided by the bulges.
  • both process sections preferably take place in the same tool, for example in the same die, so that over the previously known preforms significant cost savings and at the same time highly dimensional components can be made available.
  • the bulges in the preformed board and in the second process section, the blank holder and then the punch is brought to the end positions, so first in the region of the blank and then in the remaining area Bumps are smoothed.
  • the stresses in the drawn component can be aligned particularly well and reliably.
  • the blanks of steel or a higher or highest strength steel alloy are prone to problems in terms of dimensional stability by spring back, so that the inventive method is particularly advantageous for these materials.
  • Higher and highest strength steel alloys offer the advantage of providing particularly low wall thicknesses with constant strength, so that weight savings are possible.
  • a drawing gap between the blank and the tool greater than or equal to the height of the bulges added to the sheet thickness is provided. This will needed in particular if substantially vertical frames are to be produced while maintaining the bulge structure.
  • the surface of the buckled board is 0.1-10% greater than that of a planar board.
  • bulges with a circular, elliptical, polygonal and / or elongated opening surface are provided as bulges, which can be arranged one or mutually. These can easily be provided in upstream processes for manufacturing the boards, for example by band-wise embossing using rollers.
  • the bulges on the board are arranged such that evenly distributed on the board even spaces between the bulges arise. This is particularly important in the case of using, for example, bulges with elliptical and / or elongated opening surfaces.
  • the above-indicated object is achieved by the use of a board formed by the method according to the invention as a structural component, in particular in motor vehicle construction.
  • the corresponding structural components are characterized by a particularly high dimensional stability and are therefore particularly well suited for use in motor vehicle construction. Due to the simple method and the high degree of deformation, which can be achieved with the method according to the invention, the vehicle construction can thus be provided with particularly complex, highly dimensional structural components or half shells. Depending on requirements and installation situation, the flange on the structural component can be removed.
  • Fig. 1 in a perspective view of a board 1, which has a plurality of bulges 2.
  • the bulges are regularly arranged and, as in Fig. 1 indicated, provided with a circular opening area. But it can also be provided on the board other bulges, such as FIGS. 2 and 3 demonstrate.
  • Fig. 2 a section of a board is shown in a plan view, wherein bulges 2 'are provided with a square base and a regular arrangement.
  • Fig. 3 elongated beads 2 "are provided as bulges
  • the bulges serve to provide deformation reserves of the board, as they must be provided in a conversion according to the invention in a tool to produce high-dimensional components.
  • FIG. 4 An embodiment of the method according to the invention shows Fig. 4 in a schematic sectional view of a die 3 for producing a half-shell from a circuit board by pulling.
  • the die 3 has a hold-down 4, a punch 5 and a die 6, wherein the board 1 is pulled into the die 6 using the punch 5.
  • the hold-4 is brought in accordance with the first method section according to the invention, in a position which corresponds to the height of the bulges added to the board thickness. In this position, the hold-down 4 on the bulges 2 contact with the board 1, thus keeping the board 1 in position during the first stage of the process.
  • the punch 5 now forms the plate 1 provided with the bulges 2 in the region of the depression 7 of the die 6.
  • the bulges in the region of the drawing radius between the later frame of the formed blank 1 and held by the hold-4 flange area of the board 1 are maintained or remain, such as Fig. 5 shows.
  • Fig. 5 the end of the first method section of the embodiment of the method according to the invention is shown.
  • Fig. 7 shows the die 3 from Fig. 4 at the end of the second process section in the embodiment with a one-piece punch.
  • the gap during preforming or drawing for example, by a telescopic punch structure analogous to the punch 5 'can be achieved.
  • This has in preference first a corresponding big gap 8 up.
  • a transformation to the final shape of the half-shell can also be achieved by a stamp, which has, for example, extendable embossing elements, with which the stamp shapes the board to the final shape.
  • a stamp change in the second stage of the procedure is therefore not absolutely necessary. Stamps of this type are not shown in the figures.
  • the punch 5 still has extensions 5a and 5b, which encompass the area of the drawing radius between the frame and the flange area.
  • a compression over the entire cross section of the component is achieved by the bulges are completely pushed out of the board 1 at the end of the second process section or smoothed.
  • the reshaped board, i. Therefore, the present half-shell has a particularly high dimensional stability, since due to the upsetting over the entire cross-sectional area introduced stresses can be substantially completely degraded and targeted, so that almost no springback occur.
  • the method according to the invention combines this advantage with the provision of very large degrees of deformation, which are advantageous in particular when using blanks made from higher-strength or very high-strength steels.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

A method for precision cold pressing of metal sheets has the sheet supplied with a surface relief (2) for strength. The press operates in two stages; - an initial stage where the clamp (4) is set onto the top of the relief to hold the sheet (1) for an initial press operation, and a second stage where the clamp flattens the relief followed by the final press action of the stamp (5). The process is especially suited to high quality steel sheet, or steel alloy sheet.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Umformen von Platinen durch Ziehen in einem Werkzeug mit einem Stempel, einer Matrize und einem Niederhalter.The invention relates to a method for forming blanks by drawing in a tool with a punch, a die and a hold-down.

Die Maßhaltigkeit von Halbschalenteilen, welche durch Ziehen einer Platine hergestellt werden, ist regelmäßig Gegenstand von Qualitätsproblemen in der Fertigung. Hohe Anforderungen an die Maßhaltigkeit werden insbesondere im Kraftfahrzeugbau gestellt, da die Halbschalenteile häufig mit anderen Bauteilen oder Halbschalenteilen zusammenwirken oder mit diesen gefügt werden müssen. Die Maßhaltigkeit von umgeformten Platinen wird wesentlich dadurch beeinflusst, dass durch Umformprozesse Spannungen in die Platinen eingebracht werden, welche sich durch eine Rückfederung der umgeformten Platine nach dem Umformen bemerkbar machen. Dies verringert die Maßhaltigkeit der umgeformten Platine deutlich und erschwert den Herstellungsprozess für hoch präzise Bauteile erheblich. Bislang wurde dieses Problem gelöst, indem eine Vorform hergestellt wurde, um diese in einem weiteren Werkzeug zur Endform umzuformen. Durch den Zwischenschritt der Vorformerstellung sind einerseits die pro Umformschritt eingebrachten Dehnungen nicht so groß. Andererseits hingegen entstehen aufgrund des Zwischenschrittes der Herstellung einer Zwischenform relativ hohe Kosten. Vor allem die Umformwerkzeuge für die Vorform aber auch die Verlängerung der Herstellzeiten durch zwei getrennte Arbeitsschritte führen zu einer Kostenbelastung des Gesamtprozesses bis zur Herstellung des fertigen Bauteils.The dimensional accuracy of half-shell parts, which are produced by pulling a board, is regularly subject to quality problems in manufacturing. High demands on the dimensional stability are made especially in the automotive industry, since the half-shell parts often interact with other components or half-shell parts or must be joined with them. The dimensional stability of formed blanks is significantly influenced by the fact that by forming processes stresses are introduced into the boards, which make themselves felt by a springback of the formed board after forming. This significantly reduces the dimensional accuracy of the reshaped board and greatly complicates the manufacturing process for high precision components. So far, this problem has been solved by making a preform to reshape it into another endform tool. Due to the intermediate step of preforming, on the one hand, the strains introduced per forming step are not so great. On the other hand, however, arise due to the intermediate step of producing an intermediate form relatively high costs. Above all, the forming tools for the preform but also the extension of the production times by two separate steps lead to a cost burden of the entire process to the production of the finished component.

Aus der deutschen Offenlegungsschrift DE 197 42 818 A1 ist daneben die Herstellung eines Strukturbauteils für Kraftfahrzeuge bekannt, welches ein Verstärkungsblech aufweist, das durch Vertiefungen und Erhöhungen eine Verformungsreserve bei der Verformung des Grundblechs und des Verstärkungsblechs bereitstellt. Das mit Erhöhungen und Vertiefungen versehene Verstärkungsblech soll eine Faltenbildung bzw. eine Rissbildung während der gemeinsamen Umformung mit dem Grundblech verhindern. Die genannte deutsche Offenlegungsschrift beschäftigt sich also mit der Umformung verstärkter bzw. "gepatchter" Platinen. Zwar können für das Verstärkungsblech Risse und Faltenbildung während der Umformung durch Bereitstellen von Verformungsreserven in Form der Aufwölbungen verhindert werden. Die Maßhaltigkeit der umgeformten Platine außerhalb des verstärkten Bereichs wird allerdings nicht verbessert.From the German patent application DE 197 42 818 A1 In addition, the production of a structural component for motor vehicles is known, which has a reinforcing plate, which provides a deformation reserve by depressions and elevations in the deformation of the base plate and the reinforcing plate. The reinforcing plate provided with elevations and depressions to prevent wrinkling or cracking during the common deformation with the base plate. The said German patent application thus deals with the transformation of reinforced or "patched" boards. Although cracks and wrinkles during forming can be prevented by providing deformation reserves in the form of bulges for the reinforcing sheet. However, the dimensional accuracy of the reshaped board outside the reinforced area is not improved.

Die europäische Patentschrift EP 1 708 832 B1 offenbart ein Innenhochdruckumformen einer Platine mit Aufwölbungen und/oder Vertiefungen, wobei durch die Aufwölbungen/Vertiefungen der maximale Umformgrad erhöht werden soll. Innenhochdruckumformung ist nur in Kombination mit geschlossenen Hohlprofilen anwendbar. Daher werden keine Halbschalen mit diesem Verfahren hergestellt. Zudem ist die wirkmedienbasierte Umformung sehr aufwändig und verhältnismäßig teuer gegenüber dem konventionellen Tiefziehen.The European patent EP 1 708 832 B1 discloses a hydroforming a board with bulges and / or depressions, which is to be increased by the bulges / depressions, the maximum degree of deformation. Hydroforming can only be used in combination with closed hollow sections. Therefore, no half shells are produced by this method. In addition, the active-media-based forming is very complex and relatively expensive compared to conventional thermoforming.

Von diesem Stand der Technik ausgehend hat sich die vorliegende Erfindung zur Aufgabe gestellt, ein Verfahren zum Umformen von Platinen durch Ziehen in einem Werkzeug mit einem Stempel, einer Matrize und einem Niederhalter zur Verfügung zu stellen, mit welchem hochmaßhaltige, umgeformte Platinen erzeugt werden können, die aufgrund der hohen Maßhaltigkeit besonders gut im Kraftfahrzeugbau verwendbar sind.Starting from this prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for forming blanks by drawing in a tool with a punch, a die and a blank holder provide, with which high-dimensional, formed plates can be produced, which are particularly suitable due to the high dimensional accuracy in the automotive industry.

Gemäß einer ersten Lehre der vorliegenden Erfindung wird die oben aufgezeigte Aufgabe für ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren dadurch gelöst, dass eine Platine mit einer Vielzahl eingebrachter Aufwölbungen in ein Werkzeug, beispielsweise ein Gesenk, eingebracht wird, der Niederhalter in den Flanschbereichen der Platine in einem ersten Verfahrensabschnitt in eine erste Position gebracht wird, welche der Höhe der Aufwölbungen der Flanschbereiche der Platine addiert zur Platinendicke entspricht, der Niederhalter die Flanschbereiche der Platine in dieser Position niederhält, die Platine unter Verwendung des Stempels im ersten Verfahrensabschnitt im Werkzeug vorgeformt wird und in einem zweiten Verfahrensabschnitt der Niederhalter und der Stempel in die Endlagen gebracht werden, so dass die Platine durch den Stempel zur Endform umgeformt wird und der Niederhalter die Aufwölbungen der Flanschbereiche der Platine glättet.According to a first teaching of the present invention, the above-described object is achieved for a generic method in that a board with a plurality of introduced bulges in a tool, such as a die is introduced, the hold-down in the flange portions of the board in a first process section in a first position is added, which corresponds to the height of the bulges of the flange portions of the board added to the board thickness, the hold down the flange portions of the board holds down in this position, the board is preformed using the punch in the first process section in the tool and in a second process section of Downholder and the punch are brought into the end positions, so that the board is formed by the punch to the final shape and the hold-down smooths the bulges of the flange portions of the board.

Es hat sich gezeigt, dass durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren beim Umformen der Platinen Verformungsreserven zur Verfügung gestellt werden können und die Platine während des Umformens auf ihrer gesamten Querschnittslänge gestaucht werden kann. Durch die verbesserten Verformungsreserven aufgrund der Materialbereitstellung in den Aufwölbungen, sind größere Umformgrade beim Ziehen erzielbar. Es können durch die Stauchung der Platine auf ihrer gesamten Querschnittslänge vorhandene Spannungen ausgerichtet werden. Dies führt zu besonders maßhaltigen Bauteilen, da eine Rückfederung oder eine Rückumformung der Bauteile dann hauptsächlich in eine Richtung erfolgt. Erfindungsgemäß wird im ersten Verfahrensabschnitt die Verformungsreserve insbesondere in den Übergangsbereichen zwischen Stempel und Ziehradius, welche durch die Aufwölbungen zur Verfügung gestellt werden, genutzt. Im zweiten Verfahrensabschnitt, welcher eher einem Prägen entspricht, erfolgt dann die Stauchung der Aufwölbungen und damit des nahezu fertig geformten Bauteils über seine gesamte Querschnittsfläche. Beide Verfahrensabschnitte finden vorzugsweise im gleichen Werkzeug, beispielsweise im gleichen Gesenk statt, so dass gegenüber dem bisher bekannten Vorformen deutliche Kosteneinsparungen ermöglicht und gleichzeitig hochmaßhaltige Bauteile zur Verfügung gestellt werden können.It has been found that deformation reserves can be made available by the method according to the invention during the forming of the blanks and the blank can be upset during its deformation over its entire cross-sectional length. Due to the improved deformation reserves due to the provision of material in the bulges, larger degrees of deformation during drawing can be achieved. It can be aligned by the compression of the board over its entire cross-sectional length existing voltages. This leads to particularly dimensionally stable components, since a springback or a reverse deformation of the components then mainly in one Direction takes place. According to the invention, in the first method section, the deformation reserve is utilized, in particular in the transition areas between the punch and the drawing radius, which are provided by the bulges. In the second process section, which corresponds more to embossing, then the compression of the bulges and thus of the almost finished molded component over its entire cross-sectional area. Both process sections preferably take place in the same tool, for example in the same die, so that over the previously known preforms significant cost savings and at the same time highly dimensional components can be made available.

Besonders ausgeprägt ist der Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens bei der Herstellung von halbschalenförmigen Bauteilen, d.h. bei Bauteilen, die beim konventionellen Herstellverfahren häufig von einer starken Rückfederung betroffen sind. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren führt zu einer deutlichen Reduzierung der Rückfederung und damit zu einer wesentlichen Steigerung der Maßhaltigkeit der Halbschalen.Particularly pronounced is the advantage of the method according to the invention in the manufacture of half-shell-shaped components, i. For components that are often affected in the conventional manufacturing process by a strong springback. The inventive method leads to a significant reduction in the springback and thus to a significant increase in the dimensional accuracy of the half-shells.

Gemäß einer ersten Ausgestaltung der vorliegenden Erfindung bleiben während des ersten Verfahrensabschnitts die Aufwölbungen in der vorgeformten Platine bestehen und in dem zweiten Verfahrensabschnitt wird zuerst der Niederhalter und anschließend der Stempel in die Endlagen gebracht, so dass zuerst im Bereich des Niederhalters und dann im restlichen Bereich die Aufwölbungen geglättet werden. Hierdurch können die Spannungen im gezogenen Bauteil besonders gut und prozesssicher ausgerichtet werden.According to a first embodiment of the present invention remain during the first process section, the bulges in the preformed board and in the second process section, the blank holder and then the punch is brought to the end positions, so first in the region of the blank and then in the remaining area Bumps are smoothed. As a result, the stresses in the drawn component can be aligned particularly well and reliably.

Vorzugsweise bestehen gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der vorliegenden Erfindung die Platinen aus Stahl oder einer höher- oder höchstfesten Stahllegierung. Insbesondere umgeformte Bauteile aus Stahl oder Stahllegierungen neigen zu Problemen im Hinblick auf die Maßhaltigkeit durch Rückfederungen, so dass das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bei diesen Werkstoffen besonders vorteilhaft ist. Höher- und höchstfeste Stahllegierungen bieten den Vorteil besonders geringe Wanddicken bei gleichbleibender Festigkeit zur Verfügung zu stellen, so dass Gewichtseinsparungen möglich sind.Preferably, according to a further embodiment of the present invention, the blanks of steel or a higher or highest strength steel alloy. In particular, formed components made of steel or steel alloys are prone to problems in terms of dimensional stability by spring back, so that the inventive method is particularly advantageous for these materials. Higher and highest strength steel alloys offer the advantage of providing particularly low wall thicknesses with constant strength, so that weight savings are possible.

Vorzugsweise sind gemäß einer nächsten Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens am Ende des Ziehvorgangs alle Aufwölbungen der Platine geglättet, so dass die maximale Verformungsreserve der Platine ausgenutzt wird und gleichzeitig eine Reduzierung der Rückfederung erfolgt ist.Preferably, according to a next embodiment of the method according to the invention at the end of the drawing operation all bulges of the board are smoothed, so that the maximum deformation reserve of the board is utilized and at the same time a reduction of the springback has occurred.

Werden die Aufwölbungen im ersten Verfahrensabschnitt in Einlaufbereichen zwischen Flansch und Zargen gestreckt, sind aufgrund des zusätzlich zur Verfügung gestellten Materials besonders hohe Umformgrade des Ziehradius möglich.If the bulges in the first section of the process are stretched in the inlet areas between the flange and the sides, particularly high degrees of deformation of the drawing radius are possible due to the additionally provided material.

Weist der Stempel des Werkzeugs eine Erweiterung in Richtung des Ziehradius auf, welche den Ziehradius am Bauteil erzeugt, kann eine unerwünschte Eckenbildung beim zweiten Verfahrensabschnitt verhindert werden.If the die of the tool has an extension in the direction of the drawing radius, which generates the drawing radius on the component, undesired cornering in the second method section can be prevented.

Sollen in bevorzugter Weise die Aufwölbungen im Zargenbereich aufrechterhalten werden, wird ein Ziehspalt zwischen Platine und Werkzeug größer oder gleich der Höhe der Aufwölbungen addiert zu der Blechdicke bereitgestellt. Dies wird insbesondere dann benötigt, wenn im Wesentlichen senkrechte Zargen unter Aufrechterhaltung der Aufwölbungsstruktur hergestellt werden sollen.If, in a preferred manner, the bulges in the frame area are to be maintained, a drawing gap between the blank and the tool greater than or equal to the height of the bulges added to the sheet thickness is provided. this will needed in particular if substantially vertical frames are to be produced while maintaining the bulge structure.

Ist der Ziehspalt zwischen Platine und Werkzeug annähernd Null, kann die Glättung aller Aufwölbungen der Platine im zweiten Verfahrensabschnitt erfolgen.If the drawing gap between the blank and the tool is approximately zero, the smoothing of all bulges of the blank in the second stage of the process can take place.

Ein Kompromiss zwischen guter Verformungsreserve, einfacher Umformbarkeit und einem optimierten Materialfluss kann dadurch erreicht werden, dass gemäß einer nächsten weitergebildeten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens die Oberfläche der mit Aufwölbungen versehenen Platine 0,1-10% größer ist als die einer ebenen Platine.A compromise between good deformation reserve, easy formability and an optimized material flow can be achieved that, according to a next developed embodiment of the method according to the invention, the surface of the buckled board is 0.1-10% greater than that of a planar board.

Bevorzugt sind als Aufwölbungen Noppen mit einer kreisförmigen, elliptischen, vieleckigen und/oder lang gestreckten Öffnungsfläche vorgesehen, die ein- oder wechselseitig angeordnet sein können. Diese können einfach in vorgelagerten Prozessen zur Herstellung der Platinen, beispielsweise durch bandweises Prägen unter Verwendung von Walzen, bereitgestellt werden.Preferably, bulges with a circular, elliptical, polygonal and / or elongated opening surface are provided as bulges, which can be arranged one or mutually. These can easily be provided in upstream processes for manufacturing the boards, for example by band-wise embossing using rollers.

Um einer ungleichmäßigen Verteilung der Verformungsreserven der Platine während der Umformung vorzubeugen, sind die Aufwölbungen auf der Platine derart angeordnet, dass auf der Platine gleichverteilte ebene Zwischenräume zwischen den Aufwölbungen entstehen. Besonders wichtig ist dies im Falle der Verwendung von beispielsweise Aufwölbungen mit elliptischen und/oder langgestreckten Öffnungsflächen.In order to prevent an uneven distribution of the deformation reserves of the board during the forming, the bulges on the board are arranged such that evenly distributed on the board even spaces between the bulges arise. This is particularly important in the case of using, for example, bulges with elliptical and / or elongated opening surfaces.

Schließlich wird die oben aufgezeigte Aufgabe gemäß einer zweiten Lehre der vorliegenden Erfindung durch die Verwendung einer mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren umgeformten Platine als Strukturbauteil, insbesondere im Kraftfahrzeugbau gelöst. Wie bereits oben erwähnt, zeichnen sich die entsprechenden Strukturbauteile durch eine besonders hohe Maßhaltigkeit aus und sind daher besonders gut für den Einsatz im Kraftfahrzeugbau gut. Aufgrund des einfachen Verfahrens und der hohen Umformgrade, welche mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren erzielt werden können, können dem Fahrzeugbau damit besonders komplexe, hochmaßhaltige Strukturbauteile bzw. Halbschalen zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Je nach Bedarf und Einbausituation kann der Flansch am Strukturbauteil entfernt werden.Finally, according to a second teaching of the present invention, the above-indicated object is achieved by the use of a board formed by the method according to the invention as a structural component, in particular in motor vehicle construction. As already mentioned above, the corresponding structural components are characterized by a particularly high dimensional stability and are therefore particularly well suited for use in motor vehicle construction. Due to the simple method and the high degree of deformation, which can be achieved with the method according to the invention, the vehicle construction can thus be provided with particularly complex, highly dimensional structural components or half shells. Depending on requirements and installation situation, the flange on the structural component can be removed.

Es gibt nun eine Vielzahl von Möglichkeiten, das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Herstellung von umgeformten Platinen bzw. die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung der entsprechend umgeformten Platinen auszugestalten und weiterzubilden. Hierzu wird verwiesen auf die dem Patentanspruch 1 nachgeordneten Patentansprüche sowie auf die Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung. Die Zeichnung zeigt in

Fig. 1
eine perspektivische Darstellung einer gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zu verwendenden Platine mit Aufwölbungen,
Fig. 2, 3
schematische Draufsichten auf unterschiedliche Aufwölbungen einer Platine,
Fig. 4 bis 7
eine schematische Schnittansicht eines Werkzeugs in Form eines Gesenks während der Durchführung eines Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.
There are now a variety of ways to design and further develop the inventive method for the production of formed blanks or the inventive use of the correspondingly shaped blanks. Reference is made to the claims subordinate to claim 1 and to the description of embodiments in conjunction with the drawings. The drawing shows in
Fig. 1
3 is a perspective view of a board to be used according to an embodiment of the method according to the invention with bulges,
Fig. 2, 3rd
schematic plan views of different elevations of a board,
Fig. 4 to 7
a schematic sectional view of a tool in the form of a die while performing an embodiment of the method according to the invention.

Zunächst zeigt Fig. 1 in einer perspektivischen Ansicht eine Platine 1, welche eine Vielzahl von Aufwölbungen 2 aufweist. Vorzugsweise sind die Aufwölbungen regelmäßig angeordnet und, wie in Fig. 1 angedeutet, mit einer kreisförmigen Öffnungsfläche versehen. Es können aber auch andere Aufwölbungen auf der Platine vorgesehen sein, wie beispielsweise Fig. 2 und 3 zeigen. In Fig. 2 ist ein Ausschnitt einer Platine in einer Draufsicht dargestellt, wobei Aufwölbungen 2' mit einer quadratischen Grundfläche und einer regelmäßigen Anordnung vorgesehen sind. In Fig. 3 sind langgestreckte Wulste 2" als Aufwölbungen vorgesehen. Die Aufwölbungen dienen zur Bereitstellung von Verformungsreserven der Platine, wie sie bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Umformung in einem Werkzeug bereitgestellt werden müssen, um hochmaßhaltige Bauteile herzustellen.First shows Fig. 1 in a perspective view of a board 1, which has a plurality of bulges 2. Preferably, the bulges are regularly arranged and, as in Fig. 1 indicated, provided with a circular opening area. But it can also be provided on the board other bulges, such as FIGS. 2 and 3 demonstrate. In Fig. 2 a section of a board is shown in a plan view, wherein bulges 2 'are provided with a square base and a regular arrangement. In Fig. 3 elongated beads 2 "are provided as bulges The bulges serve to provide deformation reserves of the board, as they must be provided in a conversion according to the invention in a tool to produce high-dimensional components.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zeigt Fig. 4 in einer schematischen Schnittansicht eines Gesenks 3 zur Herstellung einer Halbschale aus einer Platine durch Ziehen. Das Gesenk 3 weist einen Niederhalter 4, einen Stempel 5 und eine Matrize 6 auf, wobei die Platine 1 in die Matrize 6 unter Verwendung des Stempels 5 gezogen wird. Wie Fig. 4 zu erkennen ist, wird der Niederhalter 4, entsprechend dem ersten erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrensabschnitt, in eine Position gebracht, die der Höhe der Aufwölbungen addiert zur Platinendicke entspricht. In dieser Position hat der Niederhalter 4 über die Aufwölbungen 2 Kontakt mit der Platine 1 und hält so die Platine 1 während des ersten Verfahrensabschnitts in Position.An embodiment of the method according to the invention shows Fig. 4 in a schematic sectional view of a die 3 for producing a half-shell from a circuit board by pulling. The die 3 has a hold-down 4, a punch 5 and a die 6, wherein the board 1 is pulled into the die 6 using the punch 5. As Fig. 4 can be seen, the hold-4 is brought in accordance with the first method section according to the invention, in a position which corresponds to the height of the bulges added to the board thickness. In this position, the hold-down 4 on the bulges 2 contact with the board 1, thus keeping the board 1 in position during the first stage of the process.

Der Stempel 5 formt nun die mit den Aufwölbungen 2 versehene Platine 1 im Bereich der Vertiefung 7 der Matrize 6 um. Durch Einfahren des Stempels 5 in die Matrize 6 werden die Aufwölbungen im Bereich des Ziehradius zwischen der späteren Zarge der umgeformten Platine 1 und dem durch die Niederhalter 4 gehaltenen Flanschbereich der Platine 1 aufrechterhalten bzw. bleiben bestehen, wie Fig. 5 zeigt.The punch 5 now forms the plate 1 provided with the bulges 2 in the region of the depression 7 of the die 6. By retracting the punch 5 in the die 6, the bulges in the region of the drawing radius between the later frame of the formed blank 1 and held by the hold-4 flange area of the board 1 are maintained or remain, such as Fig. 5 shows.

In Fig. 5 ist das Ende des ersten Verfahrensabschnitts des Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens dargestellt. Durch die Wahl der Position der Niederhalter 4 und das Vorsehen eines Ziehspaltes 8, welcher größer oder gleich der Höhe der Aufwölbungen addiert zur Platinendicke ist, wird erreicht, dass die Materialreserven zum Richten der Spannungen durch die Aufwölbungen zu einem großen Teil bis zum Ende des Vorformens erhalten bleiben.In Fig. 5 the end of the first method section of the embodiment of the method according to the invention is shown. By choosing the position of the hold-down 4 and the provision of a drawing gap 8, which is greater than or equal to the height of the bulges added to the board thickness, it is achieved that the material reserves for directing the tensions by the bulges to a large extent until the end of preforming remain.

Ein vollständiges Herausdrücken der Aufwölbungen im Bereich des Niederhalters 4, d.h. im Bereich des Flansches der Halbschale, wird dadurch erreicht, dass der Niederhalter weiter heruntergefahren wird, wie in Fig. 6 zu erkennen ist.A complete pushing out of the bulges in the area of the hold-down 4, ie in the region of the flange of the half-shell, is achieved by the fact that the hold-down is further shut down, as in Fig. 6 can be seen.

Fig. 7 zeigt das Gesenk 3 aus Fig. 4 am Ende des zweiten Verfahrensabschnitts in der Ausführung mit einem einteiligen Stempel. Im Falle von senkrechten Zargen, wie im vorliegend dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel, kann der Spalt beim Vorformen bzw. Vorziehen beispielsweise auch durch einen teleskopartigen Stempelaufbau analog zum Stempel 5' erreicht werden. Dieser weist im Vorzug zunächst einen entsprechenden großen Spalt 8 auf. Durch Absenken des teleskopartigen umhüllenden Fertig-Stempels wird letztlich der Spalt beseitigt. Eine Umformung auf die Endform der Halbschale kann aber auch durch einen Stempel erreicht werden, welcher beispielsweise ausfahrbare Prägeelemente aufweist, mit welchen der Stempel die Platine zur Endform formt. Ein Stempelwechsel im zweiten Verfahrensabschnitt ist damit nicht unbedingt notwendig. Stempel dieser Art sind in den Figuren nicht dargestellt. Fig. 7 shows the die 3 from Fig. 4 at the end of the second process section in the embodiment with a one-piece punch. In the case of vertical frames, as in the presently illustrated embodiment, the gap during preforming or drawing, for example, by a telescopic punch structure analogous to the punch 5 'can be achieved. This has in preference first a corresponding big gap 8 up. By lowering the telescoping enveloping finished punch, the gap is ultimately eliminated. A transformation to the final shape of the half-shell can also be achieved by a stamp, which has, for example, extendable embossing elements, with which the stamp shapes the board to the final shape. A stamp change in the second stage of the procedure is therefore not absolutely necessary. Stamps of this type are not shown in the figures.

Der Stempel 5' weist noch Erweiterungen 5a und 5b auf, die den Bereich des Ziehradius zwischen Zarge und Flanschbereich um- bzw. ausformen. Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird eine Stauchung über den gesamten Querschnitt des Bauteils erreicht, indem die Aufwölbungen vollständig aus der Platine 1 am Ende des zweiten Verfahrensabschnitts herausgedrückt werden bzw. geglättet sind. Die umgeformte Platine, d.h. die vorliegende Halbschale, weist deshalb eine besonders hohe Maßhaltigkeit auf, da aufgrund des Stauchens über die gesamte Querschnittsfläche eingebrachte Spannungen im Wesentlichen vollständig abgebaut und gezielt gerichtet werden können, so dass nahezu keine Rückfederungen auftreten. Gleichzeitig kombiniert das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren diesen Vorteil mit der Bereitstellung sehr großer Umformgrade, welche insbesondere bei der Verwendung von Platinen aus höher- oder höchstfesten Stählen vorteilhaft sind.The punch 5 'still has extensions 5a and 5b, which encompass the area of the drawing radius between the frame and the flange area. In the present embodiment of the method according to the invention a compression over the entire cross section of the component is achieved by the bulges are completely pushed out of the board 1 at the end of the second process section or smoothed. The reshaped board, i. Therefore, the present half-shell, has a particularly high dimensional stability, since due to the upsetting over the entire cross-sectional area introduced stresses can be substantially completely degraded and targeted, so that almost no springback occur. At the same time, the method according to the invention combines this advantage with the provision of very large degrees of deformation, which are advantageous in particular when using blanks made from higher-strength or very high-strength steels.

Claims (11)

Verfahren zum Umformen von Platinen durch Ziehen in einem Werkzeug mit einem Stempel, einer Matrize und einem Niederhalter,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
eine Platine mit einer Vielzahl eingebrachter Aufwölbungen in ein Werkzeug eingebracht wird, der Niederhalter in den Flanschbereichen der Platine in einem ersten Verfahrensabschnitt in eine erste Position gebracht wird, welche der Höhe der Aufwölbungen des Flanschbereichs der Platine addiert zur Platinendicke entspricht, der Niederhalter die Flanschbereiche der Platine in dieser Position niederhält, die Platine unter Verwendung des Stempels im ersten Verfahrensabschnitt im Werkzeug vorgeformt wird und in einem zweiten Verfahrensabschnitt der Niederhalter und der Stempel in die Endlagen gebracht werden, so dass die Platine durch den Stempel zur Endform umgeformt wird und der Niederhalter die Aufwölbungen der Flanschbereiche der Platine glättet.Method for forming blanks by drawing in a tool with a punch, a die and a hold-down,
characterized in that
a blank is introduced into a tool with a plurality of introduced bulges, the hold-down is brought in the flange portions of the board in a first process section in a first position, which corresponds to the height of the bulges of the flange portion of the board added to the board thickness, the hold-down the flange of the Hold down the board in this position, the board is preformed using the punch in the first process section in the tool and are brought in a second process section of the hold and the punch in the end positions, so that the board is formed by the punch to final shape and the holddown the Buckling of the flange areas of the board smoothes. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
während des ersten Verfahrensabschnitts die Aufwölbungen in der vorgeformten Platine bestehen bleiben und in dem zweiten Verfahrensabschnitt zuerst der Niederhalter und anschließend der Stempel in die Endlagen gebracht wird, so dass zuerst im Bereich des Niederhalters und dann im restlichen Bereich die Aufwölbungen geglättet werden.Method according to claim 1,
characterized in that
during the first process section, the bulges remain in the preformed blank, and in the second process section, first the blank holder and then the punch is brought into the end positions, so that the bulges are smoothed first in the area of the blank holder and then in the remaining area. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Platine aus Stahl, vorzugsweise aus einer höher- oder höchstfesten Stahllegierung besteht.Method according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
the board is made of steel, preferably of a higher or highest strength steel alloy. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Aufwölbungen im ersten Verfahrensabschnitt in Einlaufbereichen des Stempels zwischen Flansch und Zargen gestreckt werden.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that
the bulges in the first process section are stretched in inlet areas of the punch between the flange and the frame. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Stempel des Werkzeugs eine Erweiterung in Richtung des Ziehradius aufweist, welche den Ziehradius am Bauteil im zweiten Verfahrensabschnitt erzeugt.Method according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that
the die of the tool has an extension in the direction of the drawing radius, which generates the drawing radius on the component in the second process section. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
im ersten Verfahrensschritt ein Spalt im Bereich der Zargen bereitgestellt wird, welcher größer oder gleich der Höhe der Aufwölbungen addiert zur der Blechdicke ist.Method according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that
in the first method step, a gap is provided in the region of the frames which is greater than or equal to the height of the bulges added to the sheet thickness. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
in der Endformung der Spalt zwischen Platine und Werkzeug annähernd Null ist.Method according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized in that
in the final forming, the gap between the blank and the tool is approximately zero. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Oberfläche der mit Aufwölbungen versehenen Platine 0,1-10% größer ist als die einer ebenen Platine.Method according to one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized in that
The surface of the buckled board is 0.1-10% larger than that of a flat board. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
als Aufwölbungen Noppen mit einer kreisförmigen, elliptischen, vieleckigen und/oder langgestreckte Öffnungsfläche vorgesehen sind.Method according to one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized in that
as bulges nubs are provided with a circular, elliptical, polygonal and / or elongated opening surface. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Aufwölbungen auf der Platine derart angeordnet sind, dass auf der Platine gleichverteilte, ebene Zwischenräume zwischen den Aufwölbungen entstehen.Method according to one of claims 1 to 9,
characterized in that
the bulges are arranged on the board such that evenly distributed, intermediate spaces between the bulges arise on the board. Verwendung einer gemäß einem Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 10 umgeformten Platine als Strukturbauteil, insbesondere im Kraftfahrzeugbau.Use of a formed according to a method according to claim 1 to 10 board as a structural component, in particular in motor vehicle construction.
EP09156326.2A 2008-04-11 2009-03-26 Method for producing highly dimensionally accurate half shells Not-in-force EP2108467B1 (en)

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EP2108467A3 (en) 2013-04-03
DE102008018656B3 (en) 2009-03-12

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