EP2107340B1 - Wegpunktanzeigesystem - Google Patents

Wegpunktanzeigesystem Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2107340B1
EP2107340B1 EP09155419.6A EP09155419A EP2107340B1 EP 2107340 B1 EP2107340 B1 EP 2107340B1 EP 09155419 A EP09155419 A EP 09155419A EP 2107340 B1 EP2107340 B1 EP 2107340B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waypoint
display
terrain
symbol
waypoints
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP09155419.6A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2107340A2 (de
EP2107340A3 (de
Inventor
Thea L. Feyereisen
Gang He
Ivan Wyatt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Honeywell International Inc
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Honeywell International Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP2107340A2 publication Critical patent/EP2107340A2/de
Publication of EP2107340A3 publication Critical patent/EP2107340A3/de
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Publication of EP2107340B1 publication Critical patent/EP2107340B1/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
    • G01C21/20—Instruments for performing navigational calculations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C23/00—Combined instruments indicating more than one navigational value, e.g. for aircraft; Combined measuring devices for measuring two or more variables of movement, e.g. distance, speed or acceleration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G5/00—Traffic control systems for aircraft, e.g. air-traffic control [ATC]
    • G08G5/0017—Arrangements for implementing traffic-related aircraft activities, e.g. arrangements for generating, displaying, acquiring or managing traffic information
    • G08G5/0021—Arrangements for implementing traffic-related aircraft activities, e.g. arrangements for generating, displaying, acquiring or managing traffic information located in the aircraft
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G5/00—Traffic control systems for aircraft, e.g. air-traffic control [ATC]
    • G08G5/0047—Navigation or guidance aids for a single aircraft
    • G08G5/0052—Navigation or guidance aids for a single aircraft for cruising

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to aircraft display systems and methods, and more particularly, to systems and methods for the enhanced display of waypoints.
  • Computer generated aircraft displays have become highly sophisticated and are capable of displaying a substantial amount of flight management, navigation and control information, which gives flight crews more effective control of their aircraft and helps to reduce their workload.
  • electronic displays such as Heads-Up Displays (HUDs) and Heads-Down Displays (HDDs) are used in aircraft as Primary Flight Displays to display important flight management, navigation and control information to flight crews.
  • HUDs Heads-Up Displays
  • HDDs Heads-Down Displays
  • Primary Flight Displays are computer-generated displays that provide flight crews with real-time visual representations of the operational states of their aircraft during flights.
  • the Primary Flight Display can combine critical flight instrumentation (e.g., altitude, attitude, heading, airspeed, vertical speed instruments) and primary engine instrument indicators into a single, readily interpretable display.
  • critical flight instrumentation e.g., altitude, attitude, heading, airspeed, vertical speed instruments
  • primary engine instrument indicators into a single, readily interpretable display.
  • Primary Flight Displays have become effective visual tools for controlling aircraft, reducing pilot workload, increasing situational awareness, and improving overall flight safety.
  • Certain flight information displayed on Primary Flight Displays is important for maintaining proper aircraft safety and control.
  • other displayed symbology such as the aircraft's current pitch, heading, flight path, and target information, may be displayed on or around the waypoints to clutter or obscure these portions of the Primary Flight Display. This is particularly an issue when the aircraft is at a relatively great distance from the waypoints.
  • Each of the documents US 2003/195672 A1 , EP 1 460 384 A2 and US 2003/193411 A1 describes a display system for an aircraft, comprising a processor configured to receive data representative of waypoints and terrain features and to supply display commands associated with the waypoints and the terrain features and a display device coupled the processor for receiving the display commands and operable to render a perspective view with three-dimensional depiction of terrain and a first symbol elevated from the terrain representing a waypoint.
  • a visual display such as, for example, a Primary Flight Display, similar electronic aircraft displays, and other types of electronic displays.
  • a visual display such as, for example, a Primary Flight Display, similar electronic aircraft displays, and other types of electronic displays.
  • the present invention provides a display system as defined in claim 1.
  • the system may include any of the features as defined in any one of claims 2 to 7.
  • waypoints can appear elevated from the terrain at certain distances from the aircraft, and conform to the terrain as the aircraft approaches the waypoint.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a block diagram of an exemplary display system 100 for increasing the visibility of waypoints on a visual display.
  • the system 100 includes a processing unit 102, a database 104, a flight management system 106, a navigation system 108, a graphics display generator 110, and a visual display 112.
  • a processing unit 102 includes a central processing unit 102, a central processing unit 104, a central processing unit 106, a navigation system 108, a graphics display generator 110, and a visual display 112.
  • the system 100 appears in FIG. 1 to be arranged as an integrated system, the system 100 is not so limited and can also include an arrangement whereby one or more of the processing unit 102, the database 104, the flight management system 106, the navigation system 108, the graphics display generator 110, and the visual display 112 is a separate component or a subcomponent of another system located either onboard or external to an aircraft.
  • the system 100 can be arranged as an integrated system (e.g., aircraft display system, Primary Flight Display system, etc.) or a subsystem of a more comprehensive aircraft system (e.g., flight management system, navigation and control system, target aiming and control system, collision alert and/or avoidance system, weather avoidance system, etc.).
  • the system 100 can be utilized in an aircraft, such as a helicopter, airplane, or unmanned vehicle.
  • exemplary embodiments of the system 100 can also be utilized in spacecraft, ships, submarines, or other types of vehicles. For simplicity, embodiments are described below with reference to "aircraft.”
  • the processing unit 102 can be a computer processor such as, for example, a microprocessor, digital signal processor, or any suitable processor capable of at least receiving and/or retrieving aircraft flight management information (e.g., from the flight management system 106), navigation and control information (e.g., from the navigation system 108), and target and/or terrain information (e.g., from the database 104); generating display control signals for a visual display of the aircraft flight management information, the navigation and control information (including, for example, a zero pitch reference line, one or more heading indicators, tapes for airspeed and altitude, etc.), target, waypoint, and/or terrain information, and a flight path marker (or similar type of aircraft aiming symbol); and sending the generated display control signals to a graphics display generator (e.g., the graphics display generator 110) associated with a visual display (e.g., the visual display 112).
  • a graphics display generator e.g., the graphics display generator 110
  • a visual display e.g., the visual display 112
  • the database 104 is coupled to the processor 102 and can be a memory device (e.g., non-volatile memory, disk, drive, tape, optical storage device, mass storage device, etc.) that can store digital waypoint and target location data and terrain data (e.g., latitudinal and longitudinal data) as either absolute coordinate data or as a function of an aircraft's position.
  • the database 104 includes data defining the actual geographical boundaries of numerous airports and runways.
  • the database 104 can also include, for example, a terrain database, which can include the locations and elevations of natural terrain obstacles such as mountains or other elevated ground areas, and also the locations and elevations of man-made obstacles such as radio antenna towers, buildings, bridges, etc.
  • Navigation data stored in the database 104 can be received from external, up-linked sources, or an onboard device that senses and maps man-made obstacles (e.g., airports, runways, etc.) and variations in terrain, such as, for example, a Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) sensor, or an active or passive type of radar device.
  • FLIR Forward Looking Infrared
  • the flight management system 106 and the navigation system 108 are coupled to processing unit 102.
  • the flight management system 106 and/or the navigation system 108 can provide navigation data associated with the aircraft's current position and flight direction (e.g., heading, course, track, etc.) to the processing unit 102.
  • the navigation data provided to the processing unit 102 can also include information about the aircraft's airspeed, altitude, pitch, and other important flight information, if such information is desired.
  • the flight management system 106 and/or the navigation system 108 can include any suitable position and direction determination devices that are capable of providing the processing unit 102 with at least an aircraft's current position (e.g., in latitudinal and longitudinal form), the real-time direction (heading, course, track, etc.) of the aircraft in its flight path, the waypoints along the flight path, and other important flight information (e.g., pitch, airspeed, altitude, attitude, etc.).
  • Information can be provided to the processing unit 102 by, for example, an Inertial Reference System (IRS), Air-data Heading Reference System (AHRS), and/or a global positioning system (GPS).
  • IRS Inertial Reference System
  • AHRS Air-data Heading Reference System
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the system 100 also includes the graphics display generator 110 coupled to the processing unit 102 and the visual display 112.
  • the visual display 112 may include any device or apparatus suitable for displaying various types of computer generated symbols and information representing at least pitch, heading, flight path, airspeed, altitude, waypoints, targets, terrain and flight path marker data in an integrated, multi-color or monochrome form.
  • the processing unit 102 uses data retrieved (or received) from the flight management system 106 and/or the navigation system 108, the processing unit 102 executes one or more algorithms (e.g., implemented in software) for determining the position of waypoints, a flight path marker, a zero pitch reference line, and heading indicators on the visual display 112.
  • the processing unit 102 then generates a plurality of display control signals representing the waypoints, flight path marker, zero pitch reference line, heading indicators, and airspeed and altitude tapes (along with target and terrain data from the database 104), and sends the plurality of display control signals to the visual display 112 via the graphics display generator 110.
  • the visual display 112 is an aircraft cockpit, multi-color display (e.g., a Primary Flight Display).
  • the graphics display generator 110 interprets the display control signals and generates suitable waypoints, flight path marker, zero pitch reference line, heading indicator, airspeed tape, altitude tape, target, and terrain symbols, which are presented on a screen or monitor of the visual display 112.
  • a cockpit display screen may be used to display the above-described flight information symbols and data
  • any suitable type of display medium capable of visually presenting multi-colored or monochrome flight information for a pilot or other flight crew member can be provided, such as, for example, various CRT and flat-panel display systems (e.g., CRT displays, LCDs, OLED displays, plasma displays, projection displays, HDDs, HUDs, etc.).
  • FIG. 2 depicts an exemplary visual display 200 that may be rendered by the flight deck display system 100 of FIG. 1 .
  • the display 200 shows, among other things, computer generated symbols representing a zero pitch reference line (e.g., commonly referred to as a horizon line) 202, two heading indicators 204, a flight path marker (also known as a flight path vector or velocity vector) 206, an airspeed scale or tape 210, an altitude scale or tape 212, and terrain (e.g., identified generally as element 214).
  • the terrain 214 is rendered as a three-dimensional, perspective view.
  • the terrain 214 can include any representation of the environment surrounding the aircraft, including flattened terrain.
  • the terrain 214 can include a virtual plane selected by a pilot at certain elevation relative to the aircraft and is rendered at that elevation.
  • the display 200 is shown as an egocentric, first-person frame of reference, the display 200 can be a secondary, wingman, and/or plan or perspective view that enables a viewer to view the aircraft, as well as zoom in and out.
  • the display 200 may also selectively render information representative of one or more waypoints 250, 260.
  • the waypoints 250, 260 may be any intended destination or other type of geo-referenced symbol along a flight path.
  • the pilot typically locates the waypoints 250, 260 on the display 200, and aims the aircraft in the direction of the waypoint 250, 260.
  • the location and placement of the waypoints 250, 260 can be identified from a flight plan, user selected from the database 104 ( FIG. 1 ), provided by a user via one or more of the user interfaces (e.g., keyboard, CCD, voice control, mind responsive device), or provided or selected from the external data sources, for example, with a datalink to the cockpit from the ground.
  • the user interfaces e.g., keyboard, CCD, voice control, mind responsive device
  • FIG. 2 shows two waypoints 250, 260 that are to be sequentially navigated and that are a predetermined distance from the aircraft.
  • the waypoint 250 is the closer waypoint, and the waypoint 260 is the more distant waypoint.
  • the representation of waypoints 250, 260 may be a function of the distance of the waypoints 250, 260 from the aircraft. As will be described in further detail below, the waypoints 250, 260 can be modified as the aircraft approaches.
  • the waypoints 250, 260 are sized and shaped to increase visibility, particularly at relatively large distances.
  • each of the waypoints 250, 260 has an elevated portion 252, 262 that is elevated relative to the terrain 214, and in this case, is star-shaped.
  • Each of the elevated portions 252, 262 may further include a line 254, 264 that is anchored to terrain 214.
  • the elevated portions 252, 262 of the waypoints 250, 260 are displayed in a scale that is larger than the terrain 214.
  • the waypoints 250, 260 have larger symbolic representations that those in most conventional displays to provide increased visibility.
  • the size and color of the waypoints 250, 260 can also vary as a function of distance from the aircraft, and can, for example, become smaller or change color as the aircraft gets closer.
  • the elevated nature and dynamic size and color of the waypoints 250, 260 increases visibility and awareness, without otherwise cluttering the display 200.
  • the elevated portion 252, 262 of the waypoint 250, 260 is star-shaped, other shapes, such as circular, rectangular, trapezoidal or other shapes, can be provided.
  • the waypoints 250, 260 can have the same or different colors. In one embodiment, the waypoints 250, 260 have different colors that indicate their sequential navigation order.
  • the waypoints 250, 260 can also vary as a function of use conditions.
  • the waypoint 250 is a final approach fix at which point the aircraft must attain certain speed and altitude combination to land safely.
  • the waypoint 250, 260 can be accordingly colored or shaped or associated with certain textual information to indicate such conditions.
  • each waypoint 250, 260 may have an airspeed associated with it.
  • the specific symbology and/or appearance of the waypoint 250, 260 may be sensitive to the aircraft's energy state and communicate that information to the flight crew.
  • FIG. 3 depicts another exemplary image that may be rendered by the system 100 of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is similar to FIG. 2 , except that the aircraft is at a closer distance to the waypoints 250, 260.
  • the waypoints 250, 260 are no longer elevated.
  • the waypoints 250, 260 conform to the terrain 214.
  • the waypoints 250, 260 are not obscured by the three-dimensional nature of the terrain 214. Typically this may occur when waypoint is less than several miles ahead or when waypoint presentation may obscure other information such as direct path to a landing target.
  • the waypoints 250, 260 of FIG. 3 can have the same or different shape from the waypoints 250, 260 of FIG. 2 .
  • each of waypoints 250, 260 has an approach or flight path for navigating the aircraft to the waypoints 250, 260. If the aircraft deviates from the approach, the waypoints 250, 260 can change color to alert the pilot. Additionally, the waypoints 250, 260 can fade-out or become more transparent as the aircraft approaches. This can decrease the clutter on the visual display as the pilot attempts to navigate past the waypoints 250, 260. Other important flight information, such as, for example, airspeed and altitude readings, and underlying terrain and target information, are not obscured by the waypoints 250, 260. The waypoint 250, 260 may fade in and out may be controlled by the distance to the waypoint 250, 260 or by the time the aircraft will reach the waypoint 250, 260.
  • the dynamic control of the appearance of the waypoints 250, 260 enables increased visibility of the waypoints 250, 260 while enabling other flight information symbology to be displayed, thereby reducing pilot workload and navigation and control errors, and increasing flight safety.
  • the waypoints 250, 260 of FIG. 3 have the same shape and appearance as the waypoints 250, 260 in FIG. 2 , although larger due to the closer proximity. In other words, the waypoints 250, 260 as the aircraft approaches can remain elevated relative to the terrain and anchored.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Navigation (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Anzeigesystem (100) für ein Fahrzeug, das Folgendes umfasst:
    einen Prozessor (102), der dafür ausgelegt ist, Daten zu empfangen, die einen Wegpunkt und ein Gelände repräsentieren, und Anzeigebefehle zu liefern, die mit dem Wegpunkt und dem Gelände assoziiert sind; und
    eine Anzeigevorrichtung (112), die mit dem Prozessor (102) gekoppelt ist, zum Empfangen der Anzeigebefehle und die dazu betreibbar ist, ein dreidimensionales Gelände (214) und ein erstes von dem Gelände (214) abgehobenes Symbol (250, 260), das den Wegpunkt repräsentiert, darzustellen; dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Prozessor dafür ausgelegt ist, Anzeigebefehle zu liefern, um das erste Symbol (250, 260) durch ein zweites Symbol (250, 260) zu ersetzen, das den Wegpunkt repräsentiert, wenn sich das Fahrzeug dem Wegpunkt nähert, wobei sich das zweite Symbol (250, 260) derart an das Gelände (214) anpasst, das der Wegpunkt beim Folgen des Geländes (214) nicht aufgrund der dreidimensionalen Natur des Geländes (214) verdeckt wird, und wobei das erste Symbol (250, 260) eine andere Gestalt und/oder eine andere Ausrichtung als das zweite Symbol (250, 260) aufweist.
  2. Anzeigesystem (100) nach Anspruch 1, wobei das erste Symbol (250, 260) vom Gelände (214) abgehoben und an dem Gelände (214) verankert ist.
  3. Anzeigesystem (100) nach Anspruch 1, wobei das erste Symbol (250, 260) sternförmig ist.
  4. Anzeigesystem (100) nach Anspruch 1, wobei das erste Symbol (250, 260) ein Erscheinungsbild aufweist, das eine Funktion der Entfernung des Fahrzeugs von dem Wegpunkt ist.
  5. Anzeigesystem (100) nach Anspruch 1, wobei das erste Symbol (250, 260) ein Erscheinungsbild aufweist, das eine Funktion eines aktuellen Energiezustands des Fahrzeugs ist.
  6. Anzeigesystem (100) nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Wegpunkt ein erster Wegpunkt ist, der Prozessor (102) zusätzlich Signale empfängt, die einen zweiten Wegpunkt repräsentieren, die von dem Prozessor (102) gelieferten Anzeigesignale zusätzlich den zweiten Wegpunkt zur Anzeige auf der Anzeige repräsentieren und der zweite Wegpunkt ein anderes Erscheinungsbild aufweist als der erste Wegpunkt.
  7. Anzeigesystem (100) nach Anspruch 1, wobei das erste Symbol (250, 260) und das zweite Symbol (250, 260) die Farbe wechseln, wenn das Fahrzeug von einer Annäherungs-Bedingung abweicht, die so definiert ist, als würde das Luftfahrzeug zu den Wegpunkten (250, 260) gesteuert.
EP09155419.6A 2008-03-31 2009-03-17 Wegpunktanzeigesystem Active EP2107340B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/059,728 US8457889B2 (en) 2008-03-31 2008-03-31 Waypoint display system and method

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EP2107340A2 EP2107340A2 (de) 2009-10-07
EP2107340A3 EP2107340A3 (de) 2010-03-24
EP2107340B1 true EP2107340B1 (de) 2016-01-06

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RU2711196C1 (ru) * 2018-12-13 2020-01-15 Николай Павлович Бездетнов Командно-пилотажный индикатор
RU2778955C1 (ru) * 2021-03-26 2022-08-29 Николай Павлович Бездетнов Командно-пилотажный индикатор вертолета

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US8457889B2 (en) 2013-06-04
EP2107340A2 (de) 2009-10-07
EP2107340A3 (de) 2010-03-24

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