EP2106998A1 - Submarine - Google Patents

Abstract

The submarine has a pressure body (2) and a propeller driven by an electrical drive motor (4). The drive motor is arranged outside interior of the pressure body, and is formed as an external rotor or a synchronous motor. The drive motor has a stator and a rotor (6), which forms a part of the propeller. The stator is integrated into a wall of the pressure body. The propeller forms a rudder device and comprises propeller blades (10), where a setting angle of the blades is changeable. An outer side of the rotor aligns with an outer side of the body.

Description

The invention relates to a submarine with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1.

The prior art includes submarines powered by an electric drive motor disposed in the pressure hull of the submarine. The mechanical power generated by the drive motor is transmitted via a shaft from the drive motor to a propeller arranged on the outside of the pressure hull of the submarine. Such a shaft is usually connected via an elastic coupling with the drive motor and guided by a pressure body passage through the pressure hull of the submarine to the propeller.

Typically, the shaft must be sealed to the pressure body bushing against the pending at maximum depth of the outside pressure, which is associated with a large design effort. In addition, the seal required for this has the disadvantage that, in order to ensure the pressure tightness even at maximum depth, presses with considerable force on the shaft, which in turn leads to relatively large energy losses in the power transmission from the drive motor to the propeller.

These problems associated with the thrust body feedthrough of the propeller shaft also arise with adjusting devices for lateral and vertical rudders of submarines, in which moving components for locating the rudder blades are guided through the pressure body. Although is out DE 103 49 591 B4 a rudder device is known in which the actuator is arranged outside the pressure hull, so that no pressure body leadthrough is required, but this rudder device, like all equipped with rudder blades rudders has the disadvantage that for rowing a movement of the submarine along its longitudinal axis is required because of rudder forces can arise only at a flow of the rudder blades.

Out DE 2 302 062 A . DE 2 001 510 such as DE 1 895 486 are drives for submarines known, which are arranged outside the pressure hull. For these drives containers are provided in each case, which are arranged at a distance from the pressure body. In particular, for military submarines these drives are not suitable because their arrangement generates large signatures, which may possibly lead to a discovery of the submarine.

Against this background, the invention has the object to provide a submarine, which has an improved drive compared to the previously known submarines with an electric drive and also has improved rowing properties in development of the invention.

The invention solves this problem by a submarine with the features specified in claim 1, wherein advantageous developments of the invention in the dependent claims, the following description and the drawings are given.

The submarine according to the invention, which is in particular a military submarine, has a pressure body and is equipped with a propeller driven by an electric drive motor. According to the invention, this drive motor is arranged outside of the pressure chamber interior. Insofar it is with the Submarine according to the invention not required to provide a Druckkörperstruktur debilitating Druckkörperdurchführung for the propeller shaft. As a result, the hitherto necessary sealing of the propeller shaft with respect to the pressure body in the region of a pressure body leadthrough becomes superfluous, whereby also the associated power losses in the power transmission from the drive motor to the propeller are eliminated. In addition, the arrangement of the drive motor outside the interior of the pressure hull a significant gain in space in the pressure hull, which is against the background of submarines in itself limited space of particularly advantageous importance.

The drive motor of the submarine according to the invention is designed as an external rotor. That is, the rotatable rotor of the electric drive motor, with which the propeller is typically operatively connected, circumferentially surrounds its stationary stator. In principle, the electric drive motor can be designed both as an asynchronous motor and as a synchronous motor. Since a direct current network is usually used for power supply in submarines, the drive motor is preferably designed as a synchronous motor and particularly advantageous as a synchronous motor in external rotor design in which the annular external rotor or rotor is permanently magnetized and preferably a plurality of distributed over its circumference Permanent magnets for generating the exciter field, while the stator carries a plurality of distributed over its outer circumference arranged Bestrombare coils. The synchronous motor or the coils of the stator are expediently supplied with electrical energy via an inverter from the DC network of the submarine, wherein the inverter can form a structural unit both with the synchronous motor and can also be arranged at a distance from the synchronous motor.

Advantageously, in the submarine according to the invention, the rotor of the drive motor forms part of the propeller. In this case, a plurality of preferably radially aligned to the rotor propeller blades for generating a feed can be arranged on the outer peripheral side of the rotatable rotor distributed over the circumference. Ie. In this embodiment of the invention, the drive motor and the propeller form virtually a structural unit, so that advantageously no additional means for transmitting the engine power of the drive motor to the propeller are required.

Particularly advantageously, the stator of the drive motor is incorporated in the Druckkörperwandung. Accordingly, in this embodiment, the pressure body may have on its outer side an annular recess extending over the entire circumference of the pressure body, in which the likewise ring-shaped stator, which preferably has a plurality of juxtaposed coils for generating a magnetic field traveling on the circumference of the stator, is preferably fixed by means of a welded joint.

On the outside of the stator, that is to say on the outside of the outer circumference of the stator, the rotor of the drive motor is typically arranged, wherein the rotor advantageously also engages in the pressure-body wall. In order to produce the best possible signature characteristics of the submarine, it is preferably provided that the outside of the rotor is flush with the outside of the pressure body, ie the rotor and the regions of the pressure body wall surrounding the rotor together form a substantially smooth outside of the submarine, at which only the projecting radially on the outer circumference of the rotor arranged propeller blades. The recess of the Druckkörperwandung, in which the rotatably mounted on the stator rotor is incorporated, is suitably designed so that the rotor also under maximum Feed force of the propeller can not move in the axial direction.

In principle, the propeller blades can be rigidly arranged on the rotor, wherein they are aligned so that they impart the submarine during rotation of the rotor an advance in the direction of its longitudinal axis. In this case, however, it is necessary for the submarine additionally to have conventional rudder means for side and depth control. In order to dispense with such additional rudder devices, provides a further particularly preferred embodiment of the submarine according to the invention that the propeller itself forms part of a rudder device. Accordingly, the propeller is designed such that it not only generates an advance of the submarine in the direction of its longitudinal axis, but also allows any movements of the submarine transverse to this longitudinal axis.

For this purpose, the propeller advantageously propeller blades whose angle of attack, d. H. whose orientation is variable transversely to its longitudinal extent. To change their angle of attack, the individual propeller blades are advantageously each individually controllable. This allows any movement of the submarine transversely to its longitudinal axis, so both movements in the horizontal and in the vertical direction. In this case, in contrast to previously used rudder devices advantageously also horizontal movements transverse to the longitudinal axis of the submarine possible if the submarine experiences no advance in the direction of its longitudinal axis.

The rudder forces required for a given lateral or deep movement can be generated at a corresponding angle of attack only from the propeller blades, which are located during the rotation of the rotor just in a certain peripheral portion of the rotor, while the other propeller blades would counteract this movement at the same angle of attack. For this reason, it is advantageously provided that the angle of attack of the propeller blades is individually variable as a function of their circumferential position on the rotor. Similar to the rotor blade adjustment of a helicopter, the change in the angle of attack of the individual propeller blades takes place cyclically because of the rotational movement of the rotor.

In order to change the angle of attack of the propeller blades, the propeller blades are advantageously coupled in motion with an electromagnetic adjusting device. Preferably, each propeller blade is in each case movement-coupled with its own adjusting device, d. H. Each propeller blade is coupled in each case with a permanent magnet, wherein each of the permanent magnets by driving one of a plurality of distributed around the circumference of the pressure body arranged coils, which are each excited by a separate voltage pulse generator, is displaceable.

Conveniently, the adjusting device is incorporated into the Druckkörperwandung. In this context, it is for example possible to arrange the coils of the adjusting device in the serving for receiving the drive motor recess on the outside of the pressure hull in the longitudinal direction of the submarine spaced from the stator of the drive motor, wherein the permanent magnets of the adjusting coupled to the rotor of the drive motor so motion-coupled are arranged so that their position in the direction of the longitudinal extent of the submarine corresponds to the position of the coils of the adjusting device.

Advantageously, the adjusting device in the submarine according to the invention thus of several in the Druckkörperwandung fixedly arranged coils and from an outside of the coil on the Rotor of the drive motor in the circumferential direction of the pressure body slidably disposed permanent magnets formed, wherein in this embodiment, the permanent magnet is coupled in motion via a gear means with a propeller blade. As a transmission means z. B. a lever mechanism may be provided in the form of a crank mechanism, which converts the translational movement of the permanent magnet in a rotational movement of the propeller blade about its longitudinal axis. When adjusting the gear means expediently designed and the movement of the permanent magnet so dimensioned that the propeller blade can be adjusted relative to the direction of movement of the rotor in an angular range of 0 ° to 90 °.

Fig. 1

ein Unterseeboot gemäß der Erfindung in vereinfachter schematischer Seitenansicht,

Fig. 2

einen Bereich einer Druckkörperwandung mit dort angeordnetem Antriebsmotor in einer schematischen Schnittansicht,

Fig. 3.

einen Rotor des Antriebsmotors mit daran angeordneten Propellerblättern und deren Bewegungskopplung mit einer Verstelleinrichtung in stark vereinfachter schematischer Seitenansicht und

Fig. 4

eine Heckansicht des erfindungsgemäßen Unterseeboots in stark vereinfachter schematischer Darstellung.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. In the drawing show:

Fig. 1

a submarine according to the invention in a simplified schematic side view,

Fig. 2

a region of a pressure-body wall with a drive motor arranged there in a schematic sectional view,

Fig. 3.

a rotor of the drive motor with propeller blades arranged thereon and their movement coupling with an adjusting device in a highly simplified schematic side view and

Fig. 4

a rear view of the submarine according to the invention in a highly simplified schematic representation.

Fig. 1 shows a submarine with a pressure body 2, wherein the outside in the wall of the pressure hull 2 in the region of the stern 3 of the submarine an electric drive motor 4 of the submarine is incorporated. The drive motor 4 is designed as an external rotor motor, thus has a rotatable rotor 6, which is arranged externally about a fixed stator 8.

The outside of the rotor 6 is aligned with the outside of the pressure body 2, wherein the outside of the rotor 6 has a curvature corresponding to the outer contour of the pressure body 2. As a result of this embodiment, the drive motor 4 essentially does not influence the flow around and thus also the signature of the submarine. On the outside of the annular rotor 6 are distributed over the circumference at regular intervals several propeller blades 10 which, as will be explained in more detail below the drive of the submarine in the direction of its longitudinal extent also serve to control the submarine and so movements of the submarine transverse to its longitudinal extent allow. The longitudinal axes A of the propeller blades 10 extend from the rotor 6 approximately radially outward.

For receiving the drive motor 4 is on the outside of the wall of the pressure hull 2 a over the entire circumference of the pressure hull 2 extending annular recess 12 is formed ( Fig. 2 ). In this recess 12 of the substantially likewise annular stator 8 of the drive motor 4 is arranged stationary.

The stator 8 has a multiplicity of coils 14 distributed uniformly over its circumference. These coils 14 are supplied to drive or to control the submarine via an inverter, not shown, from the DC power of the submarine with electrical energy. In the radial direction of the pressure body 2 on the outside of the coils 14, the stator 8 has a groove-like recess 16, which extends over the entire circumference of the stator 8 radially in the direction the center of the pressure body 2 extends. In this recess 16 engages a portion of the rotor 6 of the drive motor 4, in which a plurality of uniformly distributed over the circumference of the rotor 6 permanent magnet 18 corresponding to the position of the coils 14 of the stator 8 are arranged. To form a magnetic closure with the permanent magnet 18 of the rotor 6, a yoke component 20 is assigned to the coils 14 of the stator 8. The cross section of the yoke member 20 has the shape of a rectangular, one-sided open frame, in the interior of the coils 14 are arranged, wherein the free legs of the yoke member 20 and the outside of the coils 14 arranged permanent magnets 18 laterally. From the inverter, the coils 14 of the stator 8 are supplied with voltage such that a magnetic field traveling around the circumference of the stator 8 forms, which excites the permanent magnets 18 and, associated therewith, the rotor 6 with the propeller blades 10 arranged thereon to rotate. The speed and the sense of rotation of this rotational movement can be adjusted by appropriate control of the inverter. Such electromagnetic arrangements are basically known in external rotors, to which reference is made in this regard.

The propeller blades 10 are fastened to the rotor 6 of the drive motor 4 via a shaft 22, which forms an extension of the longitudinal axis A of the propeller blades 10. The shaft 22 is rotatably supported in the rotor 6 about the longitudinal axis A. The propeller blades 10 are in each case via an adjusting device, which has a gearbox, which is coupled in motion with an electromagnetically driven linear motor 24, about its longitudinal axis A rotatable.

The linear motors 24, which are each assigned to a propeller blade 10, have a stator 26 which is arranged in the recess 12 in the direction of the longitudinal extent of the pressure hull 2 at the side of the drive motor 4 facing away from the stern 3 of the submarine is. According to the number of propeller blades 10, therefore, a plurality of stators 26 are arranged around the circumference of the pressure body 2 next to each other in series in the recess 12. The stators 26 each have a coil 28. This coil 28, which is connected to the power supply to a voltage pulse generator, not shown, is assigned in each case in the direction of the outside of the pressure body 2 on the outside arranged permanent magnet 30 which is guided in the circumferential direction of the pressure body 2 in a formed on the stator 26 recess 32. The linear motors 24 have, to form a magnetic closure with the permanent magnet 30, a yoke component 36 whose cross-sectional contour, with a smaller size, substantially corresponds to the cross-sectional contour of the yoke component 20 of the drive motor 4.

The permanent magnets 30 are arranged on a projecting at the side remote from the rear of the submarine 3 side 34 of the rotor 6 of the drive motor 4, that is rotatably arranged together with the rotor 6. At the side facing away from the coil 28 of the permanent magnet 30, a rod-shaped component 38 is arranged, which extends in the radial direction of the pressure body 2 in the direction of the outside of the rotor 6. At the end remote from the permanent magnet 30 end of the component 38, a linkage 40 is articulated in the form of a crank drive, which couples the permanent magnet 30 via the component 38 with the shaft 22 of the propeller blade 10.

As Fig. 3 can be seen, the angle of attack of the propeller blades 10 by means of the linear motors 24 in an angular range of 0 ° to 90 ° adjustable. In this Fig. 3 is a portion of a rotor 6 of the drive motor 4 of the submarine according to the invention with three propeller blades 10 a, 10 b and 10 c arranged thereon. Each of the propeller blades 10a, 10b and 10c is connected via a linkage 40 with a permanent magnet 30 motion coupled. The rotor 6 rotates when driving in the direction X around its circumference. Accordingly, arranged on the portion 34 of the rotor 6 permanent magnet 30 rotate in the annular recess 32 in the direction X. Here, the coupled to the propeller blade 10a permanent magnet 30 is energized by energizing its associated coils 28 via a voltage pulse generator such that he Movement of the rotor 6 leads. Here, the linkage 40, the propeller blade 10a in an angle at which the propeller blade 10a is aligned with respect to its width parallel to the circumference of the rotor 6. In this position, the propeller blade 10a generates upon rotation of the rotor 6 neither a feed in the direction Y of the longitudinal extent of the submarine nor a feed transverse to this longitudinal extent.

The permanent magnet 30 coupled to the propeller blade 10b is energized to move with the rotor 6 in a position in which the linkage 40 places the propeller blade 10b in a position in which the broad sides of the propeller blade 10b are at an angle of 45 ° are aligned with the longitudinal extent of the submarine. In this position, the propeller blade 10b generates a feed in the direction Y of the longitudinal extent of the submarine, thus allowing a straight ahead of the submarine.

The permanent magnet 30 coupled to the propeller blade 10c travels to the rotor 6 with respect to the permanent magnets 30 coupled to the propeller blades 10a and 10b, thereby setting the pitch of the propeller blade 10c such that the broad sides of the propeller blade 10c are substantially parallel to the direction Y of the longitudinal extent of the submarine are aligned. In this position, the propeller blade 10c produces the maximum thrust in a direction transverse to the direction Y, with the precise rudder action of the propeller blade 10c depends on which circumferential position of the rotor 6 it is currently.

This is going out Fig. 4 clearly, in which a rotor 6 is shown, distributed over the circumference eight propeller blades 10d, 10e, 10f, 10g, 10h, 10i, 10j and 10k with the angle of attack of the propeller blade 10c in Fig. 3 are arranged. In Fig. 4 The propeller blades 10d, 10f, 10e, 10h, 10j and 10k act as rudder and the propeller blades 10e and 10i as depth rudder. In this case, the rudder force in the rudder propeller blades 10d, 10j and 10k to starboard and the rudder force of the propeller blades 10f, 10g and 10h are directed to port. Of the propeller blades 10e and 10i acting as hydroplanes, the propeller blade 10e exerts a downwardly directed and, from the propeller blade 10i, an upwardly directed rudder force. In order to achieve a certain rudder effect, the angle of attack of each propeller blade 10 in the submarine according to the invention is individually variable. For example, if the submarine is to go starboard, the propeller blades 10 will become as soon as they reach the position of the propeller blade 10f Fig. 4 reach, z. B. in the angle of attack of the propeller blade 10c in Fig. 3 posed. This angle of attack can be up to the circumferential position of the propeller blade 10h in Fig. 4 to be kept. After leaving this position, the propeller blades 10 in the propulsion in the longitudinal direction of the submarine generating position of the propeller blade 10 b in Fig. 3 set to reach the position of the propeller blade 10f in Fig. 4 is maintained. Accordingly, the depth control can take place, with a combination of both controls is conceivable, so that each propeller blade 10 must be adjusted only over a peripheral portion, whereby the number of adjustment movements is kept small.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

2

pressure vessels

3

Rear

4

drive motor

6

rotor

8th

stator

10, 10a-10k

propeller blade

12

recess

14

Kitchen sink

16

recess

18

permanent magnet

20

yoke member

22

wave

24

linear motor

26

stator

28

Kitchen sink

30

permanent magnet

32

recess

34

section

36

yoke member

38

component

40

linkage

A

longitudinal axis

X

direction

Y

component

Claims (11)

Submarine with a pressure body (2) and with one of an electric drive motor (4) driven propeller, wherein the drive motor (4) is arranged outside the pressure body interior , characterized in that the drive motor (4) is designed as an external rotor. Submarine according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive motor (4) is designed as a synchronous motor. Submarine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a rotor (6) of the drive motor (4) forms part of the propeller. Submarine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stator (8) of the drive motor (4) is incorporated in the pressure body wall . Submarine according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the outside of the rotor (6) is flush with the outside of the pressure hull (2). Submarine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the propeller forms a rudder device. Submarine according to claim 6, characterized in that the propeller has propeller blades (10) whose angle of attack is variable. Submarine according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the angle of attack of the propeller blades (10) in dependence on their circumferential position on the rotor (6) is variable. Submarine according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the propeller blades (10) are coupled for movement with an electromagnetic adjustment device. Submarine according to claim 10, characterized in that the adjusting device is incorporated in the Druckkörperwandung. Submarine according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that the adjusting device of a plurality in the Druckkörperwandung fixedly arranged coils (28) and from an outside of the coils (28) on the rotor (6) of the drive motor (4) in the circumferential direction of the pressure hull (2) is arranged displaceably arranged permanent magnet (30), wherein the permanent magnet (30) via gear means with a propeller blade (10) is coupled for movement.

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