EP2104801B1 - Brûleur haute capacité - Google Patents

Brûleur haute capacité Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2104801B1
EP2104801B1 EP08701496.5A EP08701496A EP2104801B1 EP 2104801 B1 EP2104801 B1 EP 2104801B1 EP 08701496 A EP08701496 A EP 08701496A EP 2104801 B1 EP2104801 B1 EP 2104801B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
fuel
containing gas
process according
oxygen containing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP08701496.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2104801A1 (fr
Inventor
Johannes Cornelis De Jong
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Original Assignee
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to EP08701496.5A priority Critical patent/EP2104801B1/fr
Publication of EP2104801A1 publication Critical patent/EP2104801A1/fr
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Publication of EP2104801B1 publication Critical patent/EP2104801B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/485—Entrained flow gasifiers
    • C10J3/487—Swirling or cyclonic gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/50—Fuel charging devices
    • C10J3/506—Fuel charging devices for entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/152—Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/1223—Heating the gasifier by burners

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a burner comprising a burner head and supply openings for a fuel and an oxygen containing gas, a central tubular passage for the oxygen containing gas and a radial outward positioned passage for the fuel.
  • the invention is also directed to process to operate a burner and to a process to start-up a gasification process using the burner process.
  • Burners as above can be used as a start-up burner to start a pressurized coal gasification process. Examples of such coal gasification processes are for example described in WO-A-2004/005438 or WO-A-2006/117355 .
  • the temperature and pressure in the gasification reactor are increased by combustion of a liquid oil fuel with oxygen in such a burner.
  • the burner is typically a single fuel burner as opposed to a dual fuel burner because of their more simple design.
  • the pressure and temperature reach a pre-selected level the actual gasification of the coal can be started.
  • EP-A-108427 describes a burner having a burner head and supply openings for a coal fuel and an oxygen containing head.
  • the burner has a central passage for the oxygen containing gas and fuel discharge openings for the coal fuel at the burner head.
  • US-A-5351477 is directed to a dual fuel burner having separate fuel discharge openings for a gaseous and a liquid fuel.
  • US-4385906 discloses a method for starting up a pressurized partial oxidation gas generation system comprising a gas generator and gas purification train.
  • the method comprises isolating and prepressuring the gas purification train to a pressure of at least 50 percent of normal operating pressure, starting the gas generator and autogenously increasing the pressure in the gas generator to the pressure of the gas purification train before establishing communication with the gas purification train to permit flow of gas through the gas purification train.
  • Purified gases discharged from the gas purification train may be burned in a flare.
  • JP-2002-161283-A discloses a startup method for a coal gasifier.
  • the gasifier comprises a gasification furnace, coal burners set up in the furnace and functioning to gasify pulverized coal while feeding both pulverized coal and oxygen into the furnace, a slag tap provided below the coal burner and functioning to discharge molten slag from the inside of the furnace therethrough, and a tap burner provided under the slag tap and functioning to inhibit a slag tap plugging due to slag by heating the slag tap.
  • the procedure comprises feeding the tap burner with both a fuel and oxygen before feeding the coal burners with pulverized coal to burn the fuel at a ratio of oxygen feed to the theoretical burning oxygen amount of ⁇ +1 to produce a combustible gas, which, in turn, is oxidized by the oxygen fed from the coal burners, and raising the temperature of the inside of the furnace by the aid of the resulting heat of oxidation.
  • a suited start-up burner desirably has a high heat capacity to compensate for heat losses to the wall and to achieve a high reactor temperature. Because of reactor dimensions a suited start-up burner desirably further has a short flame length.
  • a suited start-up burner will further be capable of operating with a stable flame in a large pressure range, starting at ambient and ranging to a more elevated pressure at which the actual gasification reactions are started.
  • the aim of the present invention is to provide a process to start-up a gasification reactor.
  • a pressurized gasification reactor which reactor is comprised of a vessel, an outlet conduit for product gas, which conduit is provided with a valve, a start-up burner and a burner for performing the gasification reaction, by
  • the above start-up burner can have a small diameter in combination with a short flame length and a high heating capacity.
  • the start-up burner is preferably a co-annular burner having a central passage for the oxygen containing gas and an annular passage for the fuel.
  • the obstruction in the central passage may be a part extending inwardly from the wall of the central passage. The size of this part should be sufficient to create a stagnant zone just downstream of said part.
  • the fuel discharge opening is located at said stagnant zone.
  • a suitable obstruction is a swirl imparting means.
  • swirl imparting means are vanes fixed in the central passage of the burner.
  • At least part of the fuel discharge openings are located such that in use fuel is discharged in a stagnant zone as present at the downstream end of the obstruction.
  • Such stagnant zones are present just downstream of, for example, the end of the vanes of the swirl imparting means near the inner wall of the central passage.
  • the distance between the discharge opening and the obstruction is between 0 and 2 mm, more preferably between 0 and 1 mm.
  • the volume of stagnant zone will depend on the dimensions of the obstruction, e.g. the thickness, of the swirl imparting means. For example, a more bulky swirler will result in a larger stagnant zone, which will allow a larger distance between the swirling means and the discharge opening.
  • the above burner is especially suited as a start-up burner in a gasification process. Other uses may also be envisaged.
  • a start-up burner will suitably be used in combination with an ignition burner and a means to detect a flame.
  • the ignition burner is used to ignite the flame of the start-up burner.
  • the means to detect the flame of the start-up burner and of the ignition burner is preferably done with flame eyes. Although other means such as for example ionisation detection are also possible.
  • these different devices are typically present at separate positions, each requiring a separate passage through the pressure wall of the gasification reactor and separate passage through the reactor internal walls.
  • Reactor internal walls can comprise of refractory or can be so-called membrane walls.
  • the burner according to the invention can advantageously have a small diameter as explained above. Applicants have now found that it is attractive to combine the ignition burner and the start up burner and the flame detector in one apparatus. This is advantageous because for such a device only one passage through the pressure wall of the gasification reactor and through the reactor internal wall is required.
  • the invention is thus also directed to a combined start-up burner, ignition burner and flame detector, wherein the start-up burner is a burner as described above.
  • the combined device is a tubular apparatus wherein the start-up burner, the ignition burner and the flame detector means are positioned co-axial with the tubular apparatus.
  • the ignition burner and the flame detector are well known and will therefore not be discussed here in great detail.
  • the flame has such an improved stability that the use of a separate ignition burner may even be omitted.
  • a sparking device suitably an electric sparker, is present downstream of the stagnant zone at the burner head.
  • the invention is thus also directed to a combined tubular apparatus comprising a burner provided with a sparking device as described above according and a flame detector.
  • the invention is also directed to a process to operate a burner by injecting a fuel into a swirling stream of an oxygen containing gas at a burner head of the burner.
  • the superficial velocity of the oxygen containing gas at the burner head of the burner may range from 40 to 360 m/s and preferably from 40 to 250 m/s.
  • the advantages of the invention namely a stable flame at high heating capacity, are even more achieved at a gas velocity of above 100 m/s.
  • the velocity may advantageously be the sonic velocity of the gas as measured at the conditions of the space in which the flame of the burner is discharged into.
  • the fuel may be any gaseous or liquid hydrocabonaceous fuel.
  • the fuel is a liquid hydrocarbonaceous fuel, preferably kerosene and more preferably gas oil or alternative hydrocarbon products boiling in the same boiling ranges as kerosene or gas oil.
  • kerosene preferably kerosene and more preferably gas oil or alternative hydrocarbon products boiling in the same boiling ranges as kerosene or gas oil.
  • gas oil preferably gas oil or alternative hydrocarbon products boiling in the same boiling ranges as kerosene or gas oil.
  • This process is preferably performed in a burner as such or in a combined device as described in this specification and figures.
  • the invention is also directed to a process to start-up a pressurized gasification reactor, which reactor is comprised of a vessel, an outlet conduit for product gas, which conduit is provided with a valve, a start-up burner and a burner for performing the gasification reaction.
  • the pressurized gasification reactors are well known and for example described in Chapters 5.3.3-5.3.8 of Gasification by Christofer Higman and Maart van der Burgt, 2003, Elsevier Science, Burlington MA, pages 118-128 .
  • a burner as described above is used to increase the temperature in the gasification reactor from typically ambient conditions.
  • the pressure is simultaneously increased by throttling the valve from typically ambient conditions.
  • a solid carbonaceous feed for example coal or biomass, and an oxygen containing gas is provided to the gasification burner.
  • the temperature at which the solid carbonaceous feed is supplied to the gasification burner is suitable above 1200 °C.
  • the pressure at which the solid carbonaceous feed is supplied to the gasification burner is suitable above 10 bars.
  • FIG 1 shows a burner (1) comprising a burner head (9) and supply openings (3,4) for an oxygen containing gas and a fuel respectively.
  • the burner (1) is further provided with a central tubular passage (2) for the oxygen containing gas and a radial outward positioned annular passage (5) for the fuel.
  • the passage (5) for fuel is fluidly connected to fuel discharge opening (7) at the burner head (9).
  • the opening (7) are located in the inner wall (12) of the central tubular passage (2).
  • the openings may be separate openings or more preferably one continuous slit like opening (7) as shown.
  • the opening (7) is directed inwardly, in the direction of the central axis (10) such that in use the fuel is injected into the stream (11) of oxygen containing gas.
  • the central passage (2) is provided with swirl imparting means (6) located between the supply opening (3) for oxygen containing gas and the fuel discharge opening (7).
  • the swirl imparting means (6) provide, in use, a swirling motion to the oxygen containing gas (11) at the burner
  • a stagnant zone (13) is indicated at part (8) of the opening (7) located at the inner wall (12) of the central passage (2) and at the downstream end the swirl means (6).
  • At part (8) of slit opening (7) at least a portion of the fuel is discharged into stagnant zone (13).
  • Slit Opening (7) which are located further away from the stagnant zone, introduce fuel directly into the swirling gas stream (11).
  • FIG. 2 shows a combined device (15).
  • Combined device (15) is a tubular apparatus having positioned coaxially a start-up burner (16) according to the present invention, a ignition burner (18) and a visual flame detector (17).
  • the flame detector (17) is equipped with flame eyes, whereby the flame is detected from the backside of the flame.
  • the start-up burner (16) is provided with supply means for an oxygen containing gas (19) and a fuel (20).
  • the ignition burner (18) is provided with supply means for an oxygen containing gas (21) and a fuel (22).
  • a flame (23) is shown schematically. In reality the size of the flame (23) may be greater than shown.
  • part of the pressure wall (24) of a gasification reactor and a membrane wall (25) comprised of inter-connected tubular parts in which, in use, water evaporates to provide cooling of the wall (25).
  • FIG 3 shows another preferred burner (26) according to the present invention comprising a burner head (27) and supply openings (28, 29) for an oxygen containing gas and a fuel respectively.
  • the burner (26) is further provided with a central tubular passage (30) for the oxygen containing gas and a radial outward positioned annular passage (31) for the fuel.
  • the passage (31) for fuel is fluidly connected to a fuel discharge opening (32) at the burner head (27).
  • the slit like opening (32) is located in the inner wall (33) of the central tubular passage (30).
  • the opening (32) is directed inwardly, in the direction of the central axis (34) such that in use the fuel is injected into the stream (35) of oxygen containing gas.
  • the central passage (30) is provided with four stud type obstructions (36) extending inwardly from wall (33) into passage (31) and located between the supply opening (28) for oxygen containing gas and the fuel discharge opening (32).
  • the fuel discharge opening partly open into a stagnant zone (37) as present just downstream of the obstructions (36).
  • Figure 3 also shows a flame (38).
  • Figure 4 is a cross sectional view AA' of Figure 3 .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé de démarrage d'un réacteur de gazéification sous pression, lequel réacteur est composé d'une cuve (24), d'une conduite de sortie pour un produit gazeux, laquelle conduite est pourvue d'une vanne, d'un brûleur de démarrage (1, 16, 26) et d'un brûleur servant à effectuer la réaction de gazéification, par
    (i) fonctionnement du brûleur de démarrage (1, 16, 26) par injection d'un combustible (20) dans un courant (11, 35) d'un gaz contenant de l'oxygène dans une zone stagnante (13, 37) telle que présente en aval d'un obstacle (6, 36) tel que présent dans le courant d'oxygène situé au niveau d'une tête de brûleur (9, 27) du brûleur de démarrage et augmentation simultanée de la pression dans la cuve par étranglement de la vanne, et
    (ii) démarrage du brûleur servant à effectuer la réaction de gazéification une fois que la pression et la température dans la cuve ont atteint un niveau de pression cible par introduction d'une charge carbonée solide (22) et d'un gaz contenant de l'oxygène (21) dans ledit brûleur servant à effectuer la réaction de gazéification pendant la réalisation du procédé selon (i).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le niveau de pression cible est supérieur à 10 bar et dans lequel le niveau de température cible est supérieur à 1200 °C.
  3. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2 dans lequel, après que l'étape (ii) a été effectuée, la pression est augmentée jusqu'à la pression de fonctionnement souhaitée dans la gamme de 30 à 80 bars.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel la vitesse du courant (11, 35) d'oxygène à l'étape (i) se situe entre 100 et 350 m/s.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel la charge carbonée solide (20, 22) est du charbon ou de la biomasse.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel le brûleur de démarrage comprend une tête de brûleur (9, 27) et des ouvertures d'alimentation (4, 3) pour un combustible (20) et un gaz contenant de l'oxygène (19), un passage tubulaire central (2, 30) pour le gaz contenant de l'oxygène et un passage positionné radialement à l'extérieur (5, 31) pour le combustible, le passage (5, 31) pour le combustible étant relié fluidiquement à une ou plusieurs ouvertures d'éjection de combustible (7, 32) au niveau de la tête de brûleur et les ouvertures d'éjection de combustible étant dirigées vers l'intérieur de telle sorte qu'à l'usage le combustible est injecté dans le courant de gaz contenant de l'oxygène, et le passage central étant pourvu d'un obstacle (6, 36) situé sur la trajectoire de l'oxygène et au moins une partie des ouvertures d'éjection de combustible étant positionnées de telle sorte que, à l'usage, le combustible est éjecté dans une zone stagnante (13, 37) telle que présente à l'extrémité aval de l'obstacle.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, dans lequel l'obstacle est un moyen de formation de tourbillon (6) situé entre l'ouverture d'alimentation pour le gaz contenant de l'oxygène et les ouvertures d'éjection de combustible (7, 32), lequel moyen de formation de tourbillon confère, à l'usage, un mouvement tourbillonnant au gaz contenant de l'oxygène au niveau de la tête de brûleur.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel le brûleur de démarrage (16) est présent dans un dispositif combiné (15) qui est un appareil tubulaire dans lequel le brûleur de démarrage (16), le brûleur d'allumage (18) et un moyen de détection de flamme (17) sont positionnés coaxialement avec l'appareil tubulaire.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, dans lequel le combustible à l'étape (i) est un combustible hydrocarboné liquide.
EP08701496.5A 2007-01-17 2008-01-15 Brûleur haute capacité Active EP2104801B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08701496.5A EP2104801B1 (fr) 2007-01-17 2008-01-15 Brûleur haute capacité

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07100646 2007-01-17
EP08701496.5A EP2104801B1 (fr) 2007-01-17 2008-01-15 Brûleur haute capacité
PCT/EP2008/050386 WO2008087134A1 (fr) 2007-01-17 2008-01-15 Brûleur haute capacité

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2104801A1 EP2104801A1 (fr) 2009-09-30
EP2104801B1 true EP2104801B1 (fr) 2016-06-22

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08701496.5A Active EP2104801B1 (fr) 2007-01-17 2008-01-15 Brûleur haute capacité

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20090061374A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2104801B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101627259B (fr)
AU (1) AU2008206968B2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008087134A1 (fr)

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CA2713030C (fr) * 2008-02-01 2013-07-23 Ihi Corporation Rechauffeur a combustion
CN103134076B (zh) * 2013-02-05 2015-05-06 贵州开阳化工有限公司 气化炉的高背压点火方法
JP6231047B2 (ja) * 2015-06-30 2017-11-15 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 固体燃料バーナ

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2008206968A1 (en) 2008-07-24
CN101627259A (zh) 2010-01-13
CN101627259B (zh) 2011-09-07
EP2104801A1 (fr) 2009-09-30
WO2008087134A1 (fr) 2008-07-24
AU2008206968B2 (en) 2010-09-09
US20090061374A1 (en) 2009-03-05

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