EP2104748A2 - Verfahren und vorrichtung für thermisches spritzverfahren - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung für thermisches spritzverfahrenInfo
- Publication number
- EP2104748A2 EP2104748A2 EP07856100A EP07856100A EP2104748A2 EP 2104748 A2 EP2104748 A2 EP 2104748A2 EP 07856100 A EP07856100 A EP 07856100A EP 07856100 A EP07856100 A EP 07856100A EP 2104748 A2 EP2104748 A2 EP 2104748A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cooling
- coating
- substrate
- layer
- burner
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/129—Flame spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/18—After-treatment
Definitions
- the invention relates to a coating method, in particular a thermal spraying method and a device suitable for this purpose.
- a single or several adherent layers of formless material are applied to the surface of a workpiece. It may be a thin layer or a thick layer, the distinction is not well defined and is based on the coating process and application.
- the coating methods themselves differ on the one hand in the type of layer application in chemical, mechanical, thermal and thermomechanical processes, and on the other hand on the initial state of the material to be applied.
- the gaseous application such as, for example, chemical vapor deposition (also known as chemical vapor deposition) or physical vapor deposition (also known as physical vapor deposition) distinguishes the liquid application, as in the case of example Painting, spraying and thermal spraying including flame spraying, high-speed flame spraying, wire arc spraying and plasma spraying and also the fixed application method as in sintering processes.
- thermal spraying is understood to mean different spraying processes, which differ in the type of spray additive material (wire or powder), the production or the energy source.
- an energy source for the on or melting of the spray additive usually serve electronic arc, laser beam, fuel gas-oxygen flame or kerosene oxygen high-velocity flame, navalldnetische gases and the plasma jet.
- the density of the coating, the adhesion of the sprayed layer and the adhesive tensile strength between the coating and the base material usually result from the energy which is coupled with the particle velocity and temperature.
- Thermal spraying processes are characterized in that the material intended for the coating strikes a substrate in the form of meltable particles and forms a layer there. Both the thermal energy sources used to produce the molten particles, such as plasmas, arcs or combustion processes and the thermal energy content of the particles themselves, regularly lead to a heating of the substrate. This heating often has negative consequences, such as distortion, corrosion or oxidation of the substrate.
- cooling is typically used in thermal spraying.
- the cooling used is usually via cooling nozzles through which the substrate with a cooling medium such. B. compressed air is blown.
- the cooling nozzles are fixedly directed to the substrate or they are arranged next to the burner and move accordingly with this.
- a device for internal coating of cavities by thermal spraying with two cooling lances is known, which are arranged on opposite sides of the burner. In part, both cooling methods are used simultaneously.
- C. Coddet, Surface & Coatings Technology 201 (2006) 1969-1974 also discloses cooling methods which are used in conjunction with preheating methods prior to thermal spraying. These are for temperature management in the layer / substrate interconnections and are designed to maintain the substrate temperature at the ambient (room temperature) level.
- the object of the invention is to provide a coating method which permits the production of layers having a good bond between the individual spray lamellae without preheating methods and thus makes it possible in a simple manner to deposit high-density, thin layers but also thicker, segmented layers. It is another object of the invention to provide an apparatus for performing this method.
- the coating is carried out in such a way that cooling is controlled in such a way that only those areas in which coating has been carried out immediately before are specifically cooled.
- This can be expediently implemented, for example, in such a way that the use of the cooling nozzles fastened to the burner is coordinated with the burner movement.
- a first embodiment of the method provides that a burner is used with a cooling nozzle, wherein the cooling nozzle is relative to the direction of movement of the burner relative to the substrate behind the burner.
- this cooling nozzle is now activated, so that the cooling always cools only the just applied spray spot.
- the substrate is run over in each case only in one direction.
- a burner is provided with at least two cooling nozzles. During the coating, however, only the cooling nozzle is activated in each case, which are located behind the burner in the direction of movement. This advantageously allows a crossing of the substrate at least in two directions, z. B. in the form of a meander. In terms of plant technology, this can be achieved by valve control of the cooling nozzles in accordance with the burner movement.
- the process can be transferred accordingly.
- a plurality of cooling nozzles can be attached, so that it is also possible to drive over in several spatial directions, provided that a corresponding chende control of the cooling nozzles for a defined downstream cooling of the just deposited spray spot provides.
- Suitable cooling media are both gases, such as CO 2 , compressed air, nitrogen, helium or water vapor, and liquids, such as water. Further, a solid such. As CO 2 - snow, also suitable.
- the targeted cooling has a decisive influence on the layer formation of the coating. Due to the exclusive subsequent cooling it is avoided that the already deposited layer, or the substrate, is cooled immediately before the layer deposition. In addition, the substrate temperature is adjusted by the targeted cooling dosing so that even after cooling, there is a relation to the ambient temperature elevated temperature. In the first injection process, this can be done advantageously by preheating with the burner without particle injection. As a result of the elevated temperatures of the substrate compared to the prior art, it is now achieved that the newly deposited layers can advantageously be deposited with a high density. The subsequent, targeted cooling now leads to the fact that the permissible temperatures of the substrate are not exceeded, but on the other hand, a sufficiently high temperature level can be adjusted to achieve a layer deposition with high density.
- the temperatures of the substrate are advantageously 200 to 800 K above the ambient temperature, ideally between 300 and 600 K above the ambient temperature.
- the temperatures of the substrate are advantageously 200 to 800 K above the ambient temperature, ideally between 300 and 600 K above the ambient temperature.
- the cooling time of the splats can be estimated from the lamella thickness, which is typically 5 ⁇ m, divided by the root of the thermal diffusivity (depending on the material, typically 10 ⁇ 6 m 2 / s), which gives about 5 ms.
- the targeted cooling further includes that the diameter of the flow of cooling gas medium is tuned to. the spray spot size.
- the cooled area should not be larger than the spray spot. Accordingly, for typical spray spot sizes of a few millimeters, the profile of the cooling flow should be only a few millimeters in diameter. This can be z. B. be achieved by using suitable nozzles with a small diameter and with low divergence of the cooling medium after the exit. In addition, it is favorable to place the exit of the cooling medium from the nozzle as close as possible to the area of the spray spot. This can be z. B. by high temperature resistant materials, such as ceramic pipes realize.
- angles A less than 90 °, preferably between 30 and 60 °, and values for angle B, less than 90 °, preferably between 30 and 60 °, should be taken.
- YSZ YSZ
- another material such as a mixed oxide (for example a perovskite on La x Sri x Fe y C ⁇ y y 3 base or Ba x Sri -x Co y Fei ), may also be used.
- y ⁇ 3 with x, y 0 to 1, for example in the application of a gas separation membrane or else a proton conductor, such as a perovskite on SrZr x Y] _ x ⁇ 3 or BaCe x Gdi.
- x ⁇ 3 basis x 0 to 1, typically 0.3 to 0.7).
- insulating layers can be produced, for. Using powders comprising alumina, spinel compounds, steatites, forsterites, porcelan, pyrochlors, mullites, magnesia, zircon, zirconia (unstabilized and stabilized) and titania.
- thermal spraying methods such as high-speed flame spraying, can be used in addition to plasma spraying, using the described cooling, to deposit high-density layers at low thermal stress of the substrate.
- the method according to the invention combines the advantages of an overall increased temperature level of the substrate with a defined cooling following directly on the spray spot removal in order to achieve particularly advantageous gas-tight, thin or even highly segmented thicker layers.
- Figure 2 Arrangement of burner and cooling medium nozzles.
- Figure 3 microstructures of thermally sprayed layers, left with the targeted, cooling according to the invention in the wake, right with cooling before the coating.
- FIG. 4 Microstructures of layers produced according to the invention, produced with
- FIG. 5 Gas-tight and thin plasma-sprayed layer of YSZ produced by the method according to the invention with a downstream cooling system.
- FIG. 6 Plasma sprayed YSZ layer was used in the compressed air in the wake of cooling.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the movement of the burner during thermal spraying with cooling determined in accordance with the disclosure of the invention.
- a burner with two cooling nozzles is used on each side of the burner.
- the cooling is activated according to the burner movement during the coating process by selectively activating the left or the right cooling nozzle, depending on which is arranged in the burner direction behind the burner.
- the burner movement is always provided only in one direction, here from left to right. Therefore, according to the invention, only the left cooling nozzle is always activated, which in this case is arranged behind the burner during the coating process in the burner direction.
- Figure 3 shows the Milcropatenteden of thermally sprayed layers, left with the targeted, cooling according to the invention in the wake, right with cooling before coating. It can be seen clearly the strong improvement of the microstructure in the inventive
- Methodco 204NS was deposited at a robot speed of 250 mm / s with the CO 2 cooling according to the invention subsequently a layer on a stainless steel substrate.
- the spray distance was 100 mm
- the process gases used were 50 standard liters per minute (slpm) of Ar and He.
- the coating temperature was between 700 and 800 ° C
- a preheat cycle heated the substrate to about 500 ° C.
- the layer was made by four times
- a thin layer of YSZ using fused and crushed powders with the use of a CO 2 was prepared in the wake of cooling by means of atmospheric plasma spraying.
- the spray distance was in this case 95 mm, the burner power about 61 kW.
- the temperature of the substrate during coating was about 450 ° C, preheated to about 400 ° C.
- the layer shows a high density and no segmentation cracks, as can be seen from FIG.
- a YSZ layer was deposited by the atmospheric plasma spraying method. As cooling, compressed air was subsequently used in this case. Alternatively, in addition to the CO 2 already mentioned, cooling media such as He, Ar, water vapor or other liquids can also be used.
- the resulting YSZ layer has a high density of segmentation cracks (about 3 per mm) but without the delamination deleterious cracks (see Figure 6).
- the substrate temperature during the coating was below 500 ° C, resulting in only a small thermal and corrosive load.
- a thermal spraying method was used in which instead of a flowable powder, a suspension z. B. from partially stabilized zirconium oxide was used and the cooling was carried out according to the invention in the wake.
- the high segmentation crack densities achievable via suspension plasma spraying could be further increased.
- regularly high density layers can be achieved in which gas tightness below 0.1 mbar 1 / s / cm 2 , preferably below 10 " mbar 1 / s / cm 2 can be achieved.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006061977A DE102006061977A1 (de) | 2006-12-21 | 2006-12-21 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung für thermisches Spritzverfahren |
| PCT/DE2007/002250 WO2008074301A2 (de) | 2006-12-21 | 2007-12-13 | Verfahren und vorrichtung für thermisches spritzverfahren |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2104748A2 true EP2104748A2 (de) | 2009-09-30 |
| EP2104748B1 EP2104748B1 (de) | 2015-01-14 |
Family
ID=39126578
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07856100.8A Not-in-force EP2104748B1 (de) | 2006-12-21 | 2007-12-13 | Verfahren für thermisches spritzverfahren |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2104748B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102006061977A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2008074301A2 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3453778A1 (de) * | 2017-09-08 | 2019-03-13 | United Technologies Corporation | Segmentierte keramische beschichtungen und verfahren |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2615022C2 (de) * | 1976-04-07 | 1978-03-02 | Agefko Kohlensaeure-Industrie Gmbh, 4000 Duesseldorf | Verfahren zum Beschichten einer Oberfläche mittels eines Strahles aus erhitztem Gas und geschmolzenem Material |
| CH656560A5 (de) * | 1982-03-19 | 1986-07-15 | Castolin Sa | Verfahren zum auftragen einer schutzschicht durch thermisches spritzen. |
| JPS61501397A (ja) * | 1984-03-12 | 1986-07-10 | コミツサレ・ア・レナジイ・アトミツク エタブリスマン・ドウ・カラクテ−ル・サイエンテイフイツク・テクニツク・エ・アンドウストリ− | 部品の表面処理およびとくに熱吹付けにより部品上に次いで蒸着される被膜の密着を改善するためのこの処理の使用 |
| FR2756756B1 (fr) * | 1996-12-09 | 1999-01-15 | Inst Polytechnique De Sevenans | Procede et dispositif pour la realisation d'un revetement sur un substrat |
| FR2762667B1 (fr) | 1997-04-28 | 1999-05-28 | Air Liquide | Dispositif et procede de traitement thermique |
| US6103315A (en) * | 1998-04-13 | 2000-08-15 | General Electric Co. | Method for modifying the surface of a thermal barrier coating by plasma-heating |
| EP0960955A1 (de) * | 1998-05-26 | 1999-12-01 | Universiteit Gent | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum thermischen Spritzen eines zähen Überzugs |
| DE10230847B3 (de) | 2002-07-04 | 2004-02-05 | Universität Stuttgart Institut für Fertigungstechnologie keramischer Bauteile | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Innenbeschichtung von Hohlräumen durch thermisches Spritzen |
| US8715772B2 (en) | 2005-04-12 | 2014-05-06 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Thermal deposition coating method |
-
2006
- 2006-12-21 DE DE102006061977A patent/DE102006061977A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2007
- 2007-12-13 WO PCT/DE2007/002250 patent/WO2008074301A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2007-12-13 EP EP07856100.8A patent/EP2104748B1/de not_active Not-in-force
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2008074301A2 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3453778A1 (de) * | 2017-09-08 | 2019-03-13 | United Technologies Corporation | Segmentierte keramische beschichtungen und verfahren |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2008074301A3 (de) | 2009-06-04 |
| DE102006061977A1 (de) | 2008-06-26 |
| EP2104748B1 (de) | 2015-01-14 |
| WO2008074301A2 (de) | 2008-06-26 |
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