EP2102422A1

EP2102422A1 - Device and method for fixing planar elements to a support construction in particular a spaceframe

Info

Publication number: EP2102422A1
Application number: EP07819035A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Günther Hofmann; Wolfgang Stühler
Original assignee: Mero Tsk Internat & Co KG GmbH; Mero-Tsk International & Co KG GmbH
Current assignee: Mero-Tsk International & Co KG GmbH
Priority date: 2006-12-13
Filing date: 2007-10-16
Publication date: 2009-09-23
Anticipated expiration: 2027-10-16
Also published as: DE102006059230A1; EP2102422B1; WO2008071250A1; ATE547575T1

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and method for fixing planar elements to a support construction in particular a spaceframe. The device comprises at least one baseplate (20) fixed or for fixing to the support construction (10). At least one first planar element and at least one second planar element are at least partly applied to or may be applied to said baseplate (20). The device further comprises at least one retainer device (21) arranged on the baseplate (20) for fixing the planar element to the baseplate (20). The retainer device (21) itself comprises a rotary lock (22), designed for fixing the first planar element and the second planar element. In the first position of the rotary lock (22), the first planar element may be applied to the baseplate (20), in a second position of the rotary lock (22), the first planar element is fixed to the baseplate (20) and the second planar element may be applied to the baseplate (20) and in a third position of the rotary lock (22) the first planar element and the second planar element are fixed to the baseplate (20). According to the method, the rotary lock (22) is firstly in the first position thereof or brought into the first position thereof. The first planar element is then applied to the baseplate, the rotary lock (22) is then brought into the second position thereof to fix the first planar element, the second planar element is then applied to the baseplate (20) and then the rotary lock (22) is then brought into the third position thereof to fix the first planar element and the second planar element.

Description

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR FIXING SURFACE ELEMENTS TO A SUPPORT STRUCTURE, IN PARTICULAR A SPACE COMPARTMENT

description

The invention relates to a device and a method for fastening surface elements to a support structure, in particular a lenticular support structure, preferably a space frame.

The surface elements may be cover elements or roof elements for roof structures as well as facade elements or wall elements for wall constructions. Suitable for this purpose are metal elements as well as glass panes or surface elements made of other materials, for example plastics.

Supporting structures or space frameworks are used, for example, in roof and wall constructions. The supporting structures or room frameworks themselves are typically constructed of a modular system of rod elements and node elements, wherein the rod elements are connected to each other in the creation of the framework through the node elements. Spatial frameworks are usually constructed in two layers, three layers or multiple layers, i. Two, three or more truss levels are connected by diagonal bars. Such a modular system for the creation of space frameworks is mainly known by the company MERO-TSK International GmbH & Co. KG located in Würzburg / Germany. In the roof and wall construction and single-layer supporting structures are used.

In a roof construction, the floor-facing side of the supporting structure or space framework, i. the lowest truss level, referred to as bottom chord, the side facing away from the ground, i. the uppermost truss level is called the upper chord.

BESTATIGUNGSKOPIE Roof constructions often require roofing of the supporting structure or of the space framework. For this purpose, a covering is attached to the upper belt and / or the lower belt. This covering is formed from a large number of surface elements (cover plates, lining elements) which are fastened to the supporting structure or to the space framework. The same applies to wall constructions in which a cover to form a facade is often desired.

The assembly of these surface elements is very labor intensive and therefore expensive. On the one hand, several fitters have to bring the surface elements into the desired position, hold them there and fasten them at the same time.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide an advantageous device and an advantageous method for attaching surface elements to a support structure. In particular, this device and this method should allow a simplified and thus cost-effective installation of the surface elements with little staff.

This object is achieved according to the invention in terms of the device with the features of claim 1 and in terms of the method with the features of claim 20. Advantageous embodiments, developments and uses are specified in the dependent claims.

The device according to the invention for attaching surface elements to a supporting structure, in particular a space framework, comprises at least one attached to the support structure or to be mounted base plate (also: support plate). At least a first surface element and at least one second surface element are at least partially placed or placed on this base plate. Furthermore, the device comprises at least one holding device arranged on the base plate for fixing the surface element to the base plate. The holding device, in turn, comprises a rotational lock, which is designed to fix the first surface element and the second surface element. Here, in a first position of the rotary locking the first surface element can be placed on the base plate, in a second position of the rotary locking is the first floor chenelement fixed to the base plate and the second surface element can be placed on the base plate, and in a third position of the rotation locking the first surface element and the second surface element are fixed to the base plate.

The advantages of the invention are in particular that the device allows a stepwise attachment of the surface elements. It must not be placed simultaneously two surface elements and then fixed by means of twist lock. Rather, the device according to the invention makes it possible for these two surface elements to be applied and fixed not simultaneously, but successively, even though the rotation lock is provided for the fixation of two surface elements, i. Initially, the first surface element can be applied and fixed via the rotation lock and then the second surface element. As a result, the mounting of the surface elements is much easier.

The device according to the invention thus enables a simple and less personnel requiring installation of the surface elements. As a rule, one person should be able to carry out the installation, with large dimensions of the surface elements in the meter range, two fitters should suffice.

In addition, the simple attachment allows a time-saving installation, both in a mounting on the upper flange or on the lower flange of a roof construction as well as in mounting to wall or facade constructions. Overall, it is thus possible to carry out the attachment of the surface demerage by means of the device according to the invention in a cost-saving manner.

In essence, the advantages of the invention are based on the ease of handling the twist lock. All components required for fixing and fixing the surface elements are already present on site and no longer need to be arranged in a time-consuming manner. The assembly is simple by rotation of the rotary latch from the first position to the second position and finally from the second position to the third position. The surface elements may be, for example, metal plates, eg stainless steel plates. These are suitable, inter alia, to form a shadow roof. For this purpose, the surface elements can be perforated in a suitable manner, for example, perforated plates or lock plates can be used. The surface elements may also be glass plates, for example pure glass plates or metal-enclosed glass plates.

The node elements and rod elements of the supporting structure or truss are usually made of steel, in particular of galvanized steel. Alternatively, the node elements and / or the rod elements may be made of aluminum, stainless steel or stainless steel. The rod elements can furthermore consist of fiber composite material, for example of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (also: CFRP) and / or of glass fiber reinforced plastics (also: GRP), or comprise these.

A further development of the invention provides that the rotary lock comprises a circular locking disk rotatably mounted about its center axis oriented perpendicular to the disk surface and having at least one preferably at least substantially rectilinear flattening on the disk periphery. The straight flattening thus represents a section along a chord, the locking disc is in this case a circular segment with a center angle greater than 180 °, the circumference of a circular arc and the aforementioned flattening is formed. The advantage of the aforementioned rotatable locking disc is in particular in the resulting particularly simple handling of the rotary lock.

In addition, it can be provided that the circular arc of the locking disc engages in the second position of the rotary locking in a recess of the first surface element and engages in recesses of the first surface element and the second surface element in the third position of the rotation lock. This has the advantage that the fixing locking disc and thus the entire holding device does not protrude beyond the surface elements and thus the entire covering or cover, which leads to optically preferred results and a usually desired th, uniform, not interrupted by disturbing mounting hardware overall impression of the roofing or cover allows.

In a further development of the invention, it is provided that in the first position of the rotary locking, the flattening of the locking disc is aligned parallel to an edge of the first surface element. Furthermore, it can be provided that engages in the second position of the rotation locking the circular arc of the locking disc in a recess of the first surface element and the flattening of the locking disc is aligned parallel to an edge of the second surface element. Finally, it can also be provided that engages in the third position of the rotary locking of the circular arc of the locking disc in the recess of the first surface element and in a recess of the second surface element.

As an alternative to the above-described engagement of the locking disc in recesses of the surface elements may also be provided in each case that the locking disc of the rotary locking engages behind the respective surface element, i. on the opposite side of the base plate of the surface element acts on this.

According to a further embodiment, the locking disc for the transition from the first position to the second position and from the second position to the third position is rotatable clockwise or counterclockwise. Also, the locking disc may have a stop which defines the third position of the rotational locking by its tarnishing against the first surface element, since the starting a further rotational movement of the locking disc is prevented.

In one embodiment, the locking disc on and / or in the region around its radius center on a recess, via which it is attached by means of a fastening screw to the base plate. Furthermore, it can be provided that in the second position of the rotary lock in a non-tightened state of the fastening screw, the first surface is fixed or held by the locking disc to the base plate, and that in this case the locking disc to the fastening screw is rotatably attached to the base plate. Furthermore, it can be provided that in the third position of the rotary lock in a non-tightened state of the fastening screw, the first surface element and the second surface element are fixed or held by the locking disc on the base plate, and in that case the locking disc rotatable about the mounting plate to the base plate is appropriate. It can also be provided that in the third position of the rotary lock in a tightened state of the fastening screw, the first surface element and the second surface element are pressed firmly against the base plate by the locking disc and thereby secured to the base plate, and in that case the locking disc is fixed, in particular non-rotatable, is attached to the base plate.

According to a further embodiment, the attachment or attachment of the surface element to the base plate is formed reversible. For example, by loosening or loosening the fastening screw, the rotatability of the locking disc can be restored, and a turning back into the mounting position of the rotary lock then allows the disassembly of the surface element.

A further development of the invention provides that a spring element, in particular a spring element surrounding the fastening screw, is arranged as a spacer between the base plate and the locking disc. This ensures that the locking element is ready in the desired height above the base plate, so that it can be screwed, for example, without further adjustment directly into corresponding recesses of the surface elements at the appropriate height above the base plate. Also, the spring element allows pre-assembly of the base plate, i. the holding devices can already be preassembled on the base plate, the twist-lock is ready for use immediately on site.

To avoid disturbing noises, especially crunching noises, the finished supporting structure with covering or cover, it proves to be advantageous if the surface element rests on the base plate via a damping element, in particular a Teflon disk. Direct contact between surface element and base plate is thereby avoided. at Relative movements, the surface element then does not move directly on the surface of the base plate, which could otherwise lead to unwanted crunching noise. Rather, the relative movements are absorbed by the damping element or the damping element prevents NEN direct frictional contact between the surface element and the base plate, without this unwanted noise caused.

According to a development of the device according to the invention, it is provided that first and second surface element each have at least one corner. In particular, the surface elements in plan view may have the shape of a polygon, in particular a triangle, for example an isosceles triangle. Of course, any other shapes are possible, such as rectangles or squares. In each case one of the corners of the first and the second surface element are determined according to this development for resting on the base plate or lie on the base plate. On the base plate, the overlying corners are fixed or fixable by two holding devices. The other corners of the surface elements rest on other, in particular adjacent base plates. The advantage in this case is in particular that corners can be fixed and fastened particularly securely and stably by two holding devices, in particular by arranging a respective holding device on the two edges of the planar element adjoining the corner.

Since the rotation lock and thus the holding device for simultaneous fixing of two surface elements is formed on the base plate, corresponds to the provision of two holding devices per corner of a surface element, the number of holding devices on the base plate, the number of surface elements to be applied there.

According to one embodiment, it is provided that the fixing of the surface elements to the base plate takes place positively and / or non-positively.

In one embodiment, the first and second surface elements on their bottom side facing the base plate have a contact area which is intended to rest on the base plate. This area is at least partially convex shaped, that is arched outwards, in particular with a predetermined radius of curvature.

It can also be provided that an edge of the recess facing the base plate in the surface element is convexly shaped with respect to the surface element, i. the recess becomes narrower towards its center here, the surface element is arched into the recess. According to one variant, the radius of curvature here corresponds to the aforementioned radius of curvature of the support area. When the surface elements engage behind the locking disk, i. upon engagement of the locking disc on an opposite side of the surface elements of the base plate, this convex shape can be formed analogously in the attack region of the locking disc on this outer side of the surface element.

The two aforementioned embodiments prove to be advantageous in modern roof structures in which no flat roof design is provided, but rather free-shaped roof surfaces are desired, such as roofs with bends, vaults or wavy roofs. This can lead to the individual surface elements having to be arranged inclined or tilted relative to one another and relative to the base plate. It is therefore an attachment for the surface elements required that allows a tendency of adjacent surface elements against each other and also a tendency of individual or all surface elements relative to the base plate. This is exactly what is achieved by the aforementioned embodiments. The convex curvature or curvature of the support edge on the underside of the surface element allows an inclination of the surface element relative to the base plate, without causing an undesirable significant displacement of the actual support surface. Rather, the surface element rests on the base plate even when tilted or close to the holding devices, so that the inclination is maintained even when the fastening screws are tightened, without any tensions or stresses occurring within the surface element. This result is further supported by the convex curvature of the lower edge of the recess of the surface element, since in this way, the locking disc always optimally engages this edge and thereby reliably and stably against the surface of the surface element. pressed sisplatte and thus attached to it. The aforementioned ideas for the formation of the surface element, in particular the at least partially convex shape in the support area, are also claimed independent of the aforementioned features of the device for fixing Flächenelemen- th on a support structure, in particular independent of the provision of a twist lock.

According to one embodiment variant, the surface element is a plate with lateral raised edges. The support area is formed on an edge of the upstand opposite the plate. In addition, the recess may then be arranged in the surface element in the lateral upstand.

According to a development, the rotary lock, in particular the locking disc, recesses and / or projections, via which the rotational movement of the locking disc by means of a corresponding with these recesses and / or projections tool is feasible. This facilitates the assembly.

An embodiment of the invention provides that the base plate for supporting a plurality of surface elements, in particular of two or four or six or eight surface elements, is formed. Furthermore, a corresponding number of holding devices can be arranged on the base plate, in which case the rotational locking of each holding device is designed for fixing two surface elements. Further, in this case, each surface element is fixed or fixable by two holding devices on the base plate.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the supporting structure is a single-ply or two-ply or three-ply or multi-ply space framework comprising rod elements and node elements and the base plate is fastened to one of the node elements, in particular via one or more spacer elements and / or via a ball joint.

The invention further provides for a use of the device described above in a supporting structure, in particular a space framework. At the Top cover and / or on the lower flange or on the front and / or rear side of the support structure, a cover or cover is arranged, wherein the roofing or cover is formed from surface elements, via the aforementioned device to the support structure, in particular at the node elements, are attached.

The method according to the invention for fastening surface elements to a supporting structure, in particular a space frame comprising bar elements and node elements, provides that the fastening takes place by means of at least one of the aforementioned devices according to the invention. According to the method, it is initially provided that the rotary locks are in their first position or brought into their first position. Subsequently, the first surface element is applied to the base plate. Thereafter, the rotation lock is brought into its second position for fixing the first surface element. Subsequently, the second surface element is applied to the base plate, and in turn thereafter, the rotation lock is brought into its third position for fixing the first surface element and the second surface element.

An embodiment of the method provides that the transition between the positions of the rotary locking takes place by means of rotary movement of a locking disc of the rotary latch, wherein the rotational movement is carried out in particular by means of a tool and wherein the rotational movement of the first position on the second position to the third position preferably at Top view on the base plate is a clockwise rotation.

A further embodiment of the method provides that the surface element to be fastened has, on its underside facing the base plate, a support region which is intended to rest on the base plate, which is convexly shaped at least in sections, in particular with a predetermined radius of curvature. This makes it possible, as an additional method step, for the first surface element to be inclined relative to a plane defined by the base plate when it is applied to the base plate, such that the first surface element also bears against at least one, in particular two or more adjacent base plates, and that also the second surface element te surface element when applied to the base plate relative to a plane defined by the base plate is inclined so that the second surface element also bears against at least one, in particular two or more adjacent base plates. In a final step, especially after the respective ones on the adjacent base plates

Rotary locks are brought into their respective third position, a fastening screw, via which the rotation lock is attached to the base plate, tightened to secure the already fixed surface elements to the base plate.

The advantages of said methods according to the invention will become apparent from the above statements on the device.

Overall, the invention provides a device and a method by which or in a simple manner, with little staff, quickly and inexpensively fasten the surface elements can be mounted or mounted on a support structure. Furthermore, the invention advantageously allows the formation of a domed, rounded or wavy roof with roofing.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with regard to further features and advantages with reference to the description of embodiments and with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings. Show

1 shows a space framework in a perspective view,

2 shows an enlarged detail of the space frame of Figure 1 in a perspective view,

3 shows a side view of the space frame according to FIG. 1,

4 shows a partially exploded perspective view of an embodiment of a device for attaching surface demodulators according to the invention, a side view of a portion of the device shown in FIG 4,

a plan view of the roofing of a space frame with attached according to the invention surface elements,

a surface element fixed to a space frame according to the invention,

in an enlarged view, a part of the attached according to FIG 7 on the space frame surface element,

10 shows in plan view eight or four according to the invention via a common base plate attached to a space framework area demesne,

a cross-sectional view along the line A-A in FIG 9 and FIG 10,

a cross-sectional view along the line C-C in FIG 9 and FIG 10,

25 shows, as a sequence of illustrations, the attachment of surface elements to a space frame by means of an embodiment of a device according to the invention,

an example of a tool for carrying out the rotary movement within the inventive device for fastening g ^un g of surface elements on a space frame, and

a specific embodiment of a device for fixing surface elements according to the invention, designed and determined for edge regions of the space frame. Corresponding parts and components are provided in FIG 1 to FIG 26 with the same reference numerals.

FIG 1 to FIG 3 show a space frame 10, FIG 1 in a perspective view overview, FIG 2 in an enlarged sectional view and FIG 3 in a side view. It is in this space framework 10 to a corrugated roof construction. The space frame 10 is constructed of rod elements 12, which are connected to each other via node elements 11. It is a two-layer space frame 10, that is, the node elements 11 are arranged in two substantially parallel superimposed, here corrugated surfaces. The arrangement of the node elements 11 is carried out such that in a longitudinal direction of the space frame 10 (in Figure 2 transversely to the plane) in each area, the nodes are arranged in (waved here) lines and these lines are offset between the superposed surfaces to each other , In a transverse direction of the space frame 10 (in perspective in FIG 2 in the drawing plane), the node elements 11 are arranged in (straight lines here), whereby these transverse lines are arranged offset in the superimposed surfaces to each other. The rod elements 12 within a surface thus result in an essentially square or rectangular pattern, while the rod elements 12 between the surfaces are obliquely extending rod elements 12. The underside of the space frame 10 facing the floor is designed as a lower flange 39, which corresponds to the ground Untergurt 39 opposite side is referred to as upper flange 38. Support pillars 41 of the space frame 10 can also be seen in the figures.

4 shows a perspective, partial exploded view of an embodiment of a device for fastening surface elements 13 according to the invention. First, a base plate 20 (also: support plate) can be seen, which can be attached to the node elements 11 of the space framework 10 via a fastening device 46a on its underside. This fastening device 46a can - as shown - be rigid. But it is also the provision of a joint, for example a ball joint possible. In this case, the base plate 20 is movable relative to the node element 11, the base plate 20 can be aligned in the desired manner. For attachment to a node element 11 is the Fastening device usually screwed into a threaded bore of the node element 1 1. The fastening device is designed such that the distance of the base plate 20 from the node element 11 corresponds to the specifications, if appropriate, suitable spacer elements are provided. In order to ensure the intended orientation during assembly of the base plate 20 on the respective node element 11, an orientation aid 44, here a notch 44, is attached to the base plate.

On the base plate 20, a plurality of holding devices 21 are arranged, via which the surface elements 13 are fastened to the base plate. One of these holding devices 21 is shown in an exploded view. FIG. 5 additionally shows a side view of one of these holding devices 21. The holding devices 21 each comprise a twist lock 22 (also: twist lock), which in turn has a locking disk 23 (also called a pusher). This locking disc 23 is a substantially circular disc having at its periphery a flattening 24 corresponding to a chord. The locking disc 23 thus has the shape of a circle segment whose circumference is formed by the aforementioned flattening 24 and a circular arc 25. The locking disc can in principle be made of any materials, an advantage being a construction of metal, in particular of stainless steel.

The locking disc 23 is rotatably mounted on the base plate 20, namely rotatable about a perpendicular to the locking disc 23 through its radius center M extending central axis A. For this purpose, the locking disc 23 via a fastening screw 27, which in a corresponding internal thread 45 in the base plate 20th engages connected to the base plate 20. For the desired distance (for example 20 mm) between locking disc 23 and base plate 20, a spring element 28, which surrounds the fastening screw 27 as a spacer. The spring element 28 may be, for example, an elastic plastic element, for example a polyethylene element (eg a piece of a PE cord or a PE hose) or a rubber element, but also a steel spring. Between spring element 28 and base plate 20, a damping element 29, for example, a Teflon disk 29 is further provided, which rests directly on the base plate. This damping elements 29 are chosen in terms of their size so that the surface elements 13 do not rest directly on the base plate 20, but on the damping elements 29. This unwanted noise are prevented, for example, a grinding noise that otherwise arise due to relative movements between surface elements 13 and base plate 20 can.

At the flattening 24 of the locking disc 23, a stop 30 is formed, which limits the rotational movement of the locking disc 23. Preferably, this stop 30 is integrally or integrally connected to the locking disc 23, for example, it can emerge directly from the locking disc 23 by punching and bending out. The function of the stop 30 will be explained in more detail below.

Furthermore, the locking disc 23 recesses 34, which are intended for the engagement of a special tool 35 (see FIG 26) for carrying out the rotational movement of the locking disc 27. For this purpose, this tool 35 has a projection 36 which corresponds to the recesses 34 in the locking disc 23. In order to attach the tool 35 in each rotational position of the locking disc 23, three recesses are provided.

Prior to attachment and attachment of the surface elements 13 on the base plate 20, the fastening screws 27 are not tightened, they provide together with the spring element 28 only that the locking disc 23 is arranged at the desired distance to the base plate 20. However, this attachment by means of fastening screw 27 and spring element 28 is preferably such firm that the locking disc 23 in the non-tightened state of the fastening screw 27 under usually in the once assumed rotational position and thus remains in a predetermined orientation and can be brought only in a targeted application of force in another rotational position. Only after a fixation of the surface elements 13 on the base plate 20 via the locking disc 23, the fastening screw 27 is tightened and thus the surface elements 13 securely fastened to the base plate. Then the locking disc 23 is no longer rotatable. In order to additionally secure the fastening screw 27 in the tightened state, a self-locking securing nut 43 is provided, which is tightened after tightening the fastening screw 27 from the opposite side. Furthermore, a toothed disc 42 between the locking disc 23 and the head of the fastening screw 27 prevents the loosening of the locking disc 23 or of the fastening screw 27.

The lower flange 39 and the upper flange 38 of the space frame 10 have already been explained with reference to FIG. At Untergurt 39 and / or Obergurt 38 is a roofing 40, which is composed of surface elements 13, to install. The exemplary structure of such a covering 40 from the surface elements 13 is shown in FIG 6 in plan view. The surface elements 13 are isosceles triangles in plan view. For example, metal sheets, for example stainless steel sheets, are suitable for the formation of a shadow roof. A variant here are perforated plates. However, the surface elements 13 may also be plastic or glass elements, possibly metal-clad glass elements. The joints formed between the surface elements 13 during the roof construction can remain open, but it is also possible to provide a joint for sealing the roof construction.

The arrangement of the surface elements 13 takes place in such a way that all corners of the surface elements 13 are arranged in the plan view via node elements 11 and accordingly rest on base plates 20 attached to these node elements 11. The construction of the cover 40 shown in FIG. 6 reveals two different types of base plates 20. In a first way, the base angle corners of the isosceles surface element triangles are on, here corners with an approximately 45 ° angle, ie in each case a total of eight surface elements 13. In the second type are the apex angle corners of the isosceles surface element triangles FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 show further details about the attachment of the surface elements 13 to these two types of base plates. The construction shown in FIG. 6 is selected in such a way that that the first type of base plates 20 is attached to node elements 1 1 of the respective node surface of the space frame 10 directly adjacent to the cover 40, whereas the second type of Base plates 20 are attached to node elements 11 of the underlying second node surface of the space frame 10, via suitable spacers 37, in particular spacer rods 37 (see FIG. 7).

FIG. 6 (and also FIG. 7 and FIG. 8) shows that the device according to the invention makes it possible to fasten the surface elements without mounting parts such as the holding devices 21 projecting beyond the covering 40. This allows a pleasing overall visual impression. To completely disguise the space frame, both the upper flange 38 and the lower flange 39 can be provided with a roofing 40. The device according to the invention is suitable for the attachment of the surface elements 13 to both upper flange 38 and lower flange 39 and each allows easy installation with little staff. Usually, two fitters should be able to easily perform the assembly. It should be noted that the surface elements 13 usually have dimensions in the order of meters.

FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 show a surface element 13 fastened to a space framework 10 according to the invention. This surface element 13 is an isosceles triangle with corners 15 and edges 16. It comprises a plate 31 formed as a perforated plate of stainless steel with lateral upstands 32 at the lower edge 33 of this Aufkantungen 32 each a support portion 18 at the corners is formed to bear against the base plates 20 (see FIG 11). On the surface element 13, a label 47 is attached to identify and assign the component.

The two base angle corners (here corners with an approximately 45 ° angle) of the surface element 13 are mounted on a first type of base plate 20, which are mounted directly on node elements 11 of the nearest node surface. The point-angled corner (in this case corners with an approximately 90 ° angle) of the surface element 13 is attached to a second type of base plate 20, which is attached via the already mentioned spacer rods 37 to a respective node element 11 of an underlying second node surface , On the base surfaces 20 are the previously described holding devices 21 with twist lock 22, locking disc 23, fastening 27 and damping element 29 arranged, on the first type of base disks 20 eight holding devices 21 for the eight surface elements to be raised 13 and on the second type of base elements 20 four holding devices 21 for the four surface elements to be raised 13th

In particular, FIG 8 shows that the corner 15 of the surface element 14 is fixed by two holding means 21 on the base plate 20 and finally fixed. For this purpose, the locking discs 23 of the holding devices 21 engage in recesses 14 in the lateral raised edges 32 of the surface element 13. This engagement takes place via a corresponding rotation of the respective locking disc 23.

FIG 9 and FIG 10 show in plan view eight or four according to the invention via a common base plate 20 fixed to a space frame 10 surface elements 13. The difference lies in the number of each resting on the base plate 20 surface elements 13, FIG 9 shows the already mentioned 10 shows the likewise already mentioned second type of base plates 20 with four holding devices 21 for the fixation and fastening of four surface elements 13. FIG. 9 and FIG It can be seen that each corner 15 of the surface elements 13 is fixed and fastened by two holding devices 21. It can also be seen that, on the other hand, each retaining device 21 is designed for fixing and fastening two surface elements 13. Accordingly, the number of holding devices 21 on a base plate 20 corresponds to the number of surface elements 13 to be mounted on this base plate 20.

In FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, rotational locking means are the retaining devices 21 in their fixing position, specifically in their third position, in which both surface elements 13 are fixed. This third position is defined by the stop 30 of the locking disc 23, which - as shown in FIG 9 and FIG 10 - abuts against one of the surface elements 13 and thus prevents further rotation of the locking disc 23 in the clockwise direction. Further details of the attachment of the surface elements 13 by means of the illustrated embodiment of a device according to the invention show the illustrations in FIG 11 and FIG 12. The detailed structure of the holding means 21 is identical in FIG 9 and FIG 10, FIG 11 thus shows a cross-sectional view along the Line AA in FIG. 9 as well as in FIG. 10. FIG. 12 shows a cross-sectional view along the line CC both in FIG. 9 and in FIG. 10.

In FIG. 11, the fastening of the base plate 20 to the node element 11 can be recognized by means of the fastening devices 46a and 46b. Furthermore, the holding devices 21 and their interaction with the surface elements 13 can be seen in FIG. 11 and FIG. In particular FIG 12 shows the interaction of a holding device 21 with two surface elements 13, a first surface element 13a and a second surface element 13b. The first surface element 13a has a first edge 16a and a first recess 14a in this first edge 16a, the second surface element 13b has a second edge 16b and a recess 14b in this second edge 16b. In the illustrated (third) position, the locking disc 23 engages in both recesses 14a, 14b of both surface elements 13a, 13b and fixes them to the base plate 20.

FIG 11 shows a further advantageous embodiment in connection with the device for fixing surface elements according to the invention. Roof structures in waveform require a corresponding shaping of the covering 40. Accordingly, therefore, if necessary, the individual surface elements 13 against each other inclined to the base plates 20 must be created. In order nevertheless to obtain the most optimal fastening and a suitable support area of the surface elements 13 on the base plate 20, a convex curvature 48 is formed on the underside 17 of the surface elements 13 around the support area 18, as shown in FIG. This convex curvature 48 allows tilting of the surface elements 13 relative to the base plate 20, wherein in this case a support area 18 in the region of the respective holding devices 21 is maintained, so that a stable attachment of the surface element 13 even when tilted relative to the base plate 20 while maintaining the inclination and without causing internal stresses or loads of the surface element 13 is possible.

This is supported by an analogous design of the lower edge 19 of the recess 14 in the edge 16 and the upstand 32 of the surface element 13. Also, this edge 19 has a convex curvature 49 which is directed into the recess 14, i. the recess tapers towards its center. The radius of the curvature 49 of the lower edge 19 of the recess 14 in this case corresponds to the radius of the curvature 48 at the edge 33 of the upstand 32 of the surface element 13. This ensures that the locking disc 23 even with a tilt or inclination of the surface element 13 relative to the base plate 20 always in a central region and not only with an edge on the lower edge 19 of the recess 14 engages.

Overall, thus allows the convex shaping of the edges 33 and 19 of the surface element 13, the secure attachment against each other inclined surface elements 13 and thus the formation of curved, curved or wavy roof structures with roofing.

FIGS. 13 to 25 show, as a sequence of illustrations, the mode of operation of the already explained exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention for fastening surface elements to a space frame. They illustrate the individual assembly steps. The base plates 20 are in this case already in the intended manner to the node elements 11 of

Space frame 10 attached. The base plate 20 is preassembled, the holding devices 21 are attached to the base plate 20 via the fastening screws 27, which have not yet been tightened, the locking discs 23 of the rotary locks 22 are moved over spring elements 28 at the desired spacing and in the desired orientation above the base plate 20 held.

The locking disk is preferably already or possibly now aligned such that the flattening 24 is oriented parallel to the edge 16a of the first surface element 13a to be applied first (see FIG. 13). This is referred to as the first position or mounting position. Thereby For example, the first surface element 13a can be applied to the base plate 20 in the intended position and optionally also in an inclination.

After applying the first surface element 13a, the locking disc 23 is rotated clockwise (in plan view) to its second position, optionally with the aid of a special tool according to FIG 26. The circular arc 25 of the locking disc 23 engages in the first recess 14a of the first surface element 13a and fixed At the same time, in the second position, the flattening 24 of the locking disc is oriented in such a way that the flattening 24 is aligned parallel to the edge 16b of the second surface element 13b to be applied (see FIG. 14 and FIG. 15).

After the application of the second surface element 13b, the locking disc is rotated further in the clockwise direction (see FIG. 16), again if necessary with the aid of the special tool according to FIG. 26, until the abutment 30 abuts against the first edge 16a of the first surface element 13a and thereby a further rotation is prevented (see FIG 17). In this third position, the circular arc 25 of the locking disc 23 engages both in the first recess 14a of the first surface element 13a and in the second recess 14b of the second surface element 13b, so that both surface elements 13a, 13b are fixed to the base plate. This third position is shown in FIG 18 again in a side sectional view.

Now, the fastening screw 27 is tightened and thereby the

Locking disc 23 firmly against the lower edge 19 of the recesses 14 a, 14 b of the surface elements 13 a, 13 b pressed (see FIG 19). As a result, the surface elements 13a, 13b clamped between the locking disc 23 and the base plate 20 and thus fixedly secured to the base plate. Now also the locking disc 23 is no longer rotatable, but also fixedly fixed on the mounting screw 27 to the base plate 20. The toothed disc 42 prevents the loosening of the locking disc 23. The spring element 28 is optionally compressed during tightening of the fastening screw 27. As shown in FIG 19, the contact of the surface elements 13a, 13b is not directly to the base plate 20, but via the damping element 29, a Teflon disk 29th In order to additionally secure the attachment of the surface elements 13a, 13b, the self-locking lock nut 43, which is already preassembled on the fastening screw, is now tightened (see FIG. 20).

FIGS. 21 to 24 show an optional possibility of attaching a wire 50 (also known as a wire rope) for connecting the surface elements 13 applied to a base plate 20 as additional securing means. For this purpose, before applying the last surface element 13 to the respective base plate 20, the wire 50 is threaded through the recesses 14 in the already applied surface elements 13 (see FIG. 21 and FIG. 22). Subsequently, the wire 50 is threaded through the recesses 14 of the not yet applied surface element 13 (see FIG. 23) and subsequently twisted at its ends (see FIG. 24), if necessary with the aid of a tool or a tensioning device. Subsequently, the last surface element 13 is fixed in the manner already described, FIG 25 shows the final state in which all provided surface elements 13 are attached to the base plate.

The special tool 35 with projection 36 shown in FIG. 26 for carrying out the rotary movement of the locking disk 23 has already been explained above.

FIG 27 shows a specific embodiment of a device for fixing surface elements 13 according to the invention, designed and determined for edge regions of a space frame. In the base plate 20 shown here, a surface element 13 is mounted only on the left side in the figure, on the right side ends the space frame and thus the roofing. The holding device 21 shown is in turn a twist lock 22 with locking disc 23 according to the above explanations. The attachment to the base plate 20 takes place in the manner described via the fastening screw 27. However, since the holding device 21 shown must fix and fasten only one surface element 13, the counter support is missing through a second surface element. In order to avoid tilting of the locking disc 23, in particular during tightening of the fastening screw 27, a support element 51 or an elevation is provided on this special edge base plate 20, on which the locking disc is fixed by rotation and / or can support in the attachment by tightening the mounting screw.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10 supporting structure, space framework

1 1 node element

12 rod element

13 area element

13a first surface element

13b second surface element

14 recess

14a first recess

14b second recess

15 corner

16 edge

16a first edge

16b second edge

17 bottom

18 circulation area

19 edge

20 base plate

21 holding device

22 Twist lock

23 locking disc

24 flattening

25 circular arc

26 recess

27 fixing screw

28 spring element

29 damping element

30 stop

31 plate

32 upstand

33 edge

34 recess

35 tool

36 advantage

37 spacer element upper chord

lower chord

covering

supporting pillars

Lock washer self-locking locknut

Orientation guide, notch

Internal thread a, b fastening devices

Mark drawing sign convex curvature convex curvature

wire

support element

Claims

claims

Anspruch [en] A device for fastening surface elements (13, 13a, 13b) to a support structure (10), in particular a space framework (10), a) having at least one base plate (20) attached or to be attached to the support structure (10) at least one first surface element (13, 13a) and at least one second surface element (13, 13b) at least partially placed on the base plate (20) or can be placed, c) with at least one on the base plate (20) arranged holding means (21) for fixing the surface elements (13, 13a, 13b) on the base plate (20), d) wherein the holding device (21) comprises a rotation lock (22), e) wherein the rotation lock (22) for fixing the first Flächenele- element (13, 13a ) and the second surface element (13, 13b) is formed, and f) wherein in a first position of the rotation lock (22), the first surface element on the base plate (20) can be placed, g) wherein in a second position of the rotation lock (22) the the first surface element (13, 13a) is fixed to the base plate (20) and the second surface element (13, 13b) can be placed on the base plate (20), and h) wherein in a third position of the rotation lock (22) the first

Surface element (13, 13a) and the second surface element (13, 13b) are fixed to the base plate (20).

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the rotary latch (22) comprises a rotatably mounted about its perpendicular to the disk surface center axis (A), circular locking disc (23) with at least one preferably at least substantially rectilinear flat (24) on the disk circumference ,

3. Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the circular arc (25) of the locking disc (23) in the second position of the rotary latch (22) in a recess (14, 14 a) of the first surface element (13, 13 a) engages and in the third position the twist-lock (22) is omitted mung (14, 14 a, 14 b) of the first surface element (13, 13 a) and the second surface element (13 b) engages.

4. Apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, a) in which in the first position of the rotary latch (22) the flattening (24) of the locking disc (23) parallel to an edge (16 a) of the first surface element (13, 13 a) is aligned, b) engages in the second position of the rotary lock (22) of the circular arc (25) of the locking disc (23) in a recess (14, 14 a) of the first surface element (13, 13 a) and the flattening (24) of the locking disc (23 ) is aligned parallel to an edge (16b) of the second surface element (13, 13b), and c) in the third position of the rotation lock (22) of the circular arc (25) of the locking disc (23) in the recess (14, 14a ) of the first surface element (13, 13a) and in a recess (14, 14b) of the second surface element (13, 13b) engages.

5. Device according to one of claims 2 to 4, a) in which the locking disc (23) for the transition from the first position to the second position and from the second position to the third position in plan view is rotatable clockwise or counterclockwise, and b) wherein the locking disc (23) has a stop (30) which defines the third position of the pivot lock (22) by its abutment against the first surface element (13, 13a).

6. Device according to one of claims 2 to 5, a) in which the locking disc (23) on and / or in the region around its radius center (M) has a recess (26) via which it by means of a fastening screw (27) on the B) in the second position of the twist lock (22) in an unfastened state of the fastening screw (27) bl) the first surface element (13, 13a) through the locking disc (23) on the base plate ( 20) is fixed, and b2) the locking disc (23) is rotatably mounted around the mounting screw (27) on the base plate (20); c) in the third position of the pivot lock (22) in a non-tightened state of the mounting screw (27); Surface element (13, 13a) and the second surface element (13, 13b) are fixed to the base plate (20) by the locking disc (23), and c2) the locking disc (23) is rotatable about the attachment screw (27) on the base plate (20 d) the first surface element (13, 13a) and the second surface element (13, 13b) are locked by the locking disc (11) in the third position of the rotation lock (22) in a tightened state of the fastening screw (27). 23) is pressed firmly against the base plate (20) and thereby fixed or fixed to the base plate (20), and d2) the locking disc (23) is fixed, in particular non-rotatable, to the base plate (20).

7. Apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the attachment or fixing of the surface elements (13, 13 a, 13 b) to the base plate (20) is reversible.

8. Device according to one of claims 2 to 7, wherein a spring element (28), in particular a fastening screw (27) surrounding the spring element (28), as a spacer between the base plate (20) and

Locking disc (23) is arranged.

9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, in which the surface elements (13, 13 a, 13 b) via a damping element (29), in particular a Teflon disk (29), rest on the base plate (20).

10. Device according to one of the preceding claims, a) in which the first surface element (13, 13a) and the second surface element (13, 13b) at least each have a corner (15), in particular in plan view a polygon, in particular a triangle , preferably an isosceles triangle, are b) in which one of the corners (15) of each of the first surface element (13, 13a) and the second surface element (13, 13b) is intended to rest on the base plate (20) or rests on the base plate (20), and c) wherein each resting on the base plate (20) corner (15) by two holding means (21) on the base plate (20) is fixed or fixable.

11. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fixing of the surface elements (13, 13 a, 13 b) on the base plate is positively and / or non-positively.

12. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a) first surface element (13, 13a) and second surface element (13, 13b) on its the base plate (20) facing bottom (17) for resting on the base plate (20) certain Bearing region (18) have, b) wherein the support area (18) is formed convexly at least in sections, in particular with a predetermined radius of curvature.

13. The apparatus of claim 12 and claim 3, wherein one of the base plate (20) facing edge (19) of the recess (14, 14 a, 14 b) in the surface element (13, 13 a, 13 b) with respect to the surface element (13, 13 a, 13b) is convex, in particular with a predetermined radius of curvature of the support area (18) corresponding radius of curvature.

14. The apparatus of claim 12 or 13, wherein the surface element (13, 13a, 13b) is a plate (31) with lateral Aufkantungen (32) and the support area (18) on one of the plate (31) opposite edge (33). the upstand (32) is formed.

15. The apparatus of claim 13 and claim 14, wherein the recess (14, 14 a, 14 b) in the surface element (13, 13 a, 13 b) in the lateral upstand (32) is arranged.

16. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the rotational lock (22), in particular the locking disc (23), Having recesses (34) and / or projections over which the rotational movement of the locking disc (23) by means of a corresponding with these recesses (34) and / or projections tool (35) is feasible.

17. Device according to one of the preceding claims, a) in which the base plate (20) for supporting a plurality of surface elements (13, 13a, 13b), in particular of two or four or six or eight surface elements (13, 13a, 13b) is formed , b) wherein on the base plate (20) a corresponding number of holding devices (21) is arranged, c) wherein the rotation lock (22) of each holding device (21) for fixing two surface elements (13) is formed, and d) wherein each Surface element (13, 13a, 13b) by two Halteeinrichtun- gene (21) on the base plate (20) fixed or fixable.

18. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the support structure (10) is a single-layer or two-day or three-layer or multi-layer space frame (10) comprising rod elements (12) and node elements (1 1) and the base plate (20) on one of the node elements (11) is attached, in particular via one or more spacer elements (37) and / or via a ball joint.

19. Use of a device according to any one of the preceding claims in a supporting structure (10), in particular a space frame (10), on the top chord (38) and / or bottom chord (29) or on its front and / or back a roofing (40) or cover is arranged, wherein the flashing (40) or cover of surface elements (13, 13a, 13b) is formed, which attached via this device on the supporting structure (10), in particular on the node elements (H) are.

20. A method for fastening surface elements (13, 13a, 13b) to a supporting structure (10), in particular a space framework (10), a) in which the attachment by means of at least one device according to one of claims 1 to 18, b) wherein first the rotary locks (22) are in their first position or are brought into their first position, c) wherein subsequently the first surface element (13, 13a) is applied to the base plate (20), d) wherein subsequently the twist lock ( 22) is brought into its second position for fixing the first surface element (13, 13 a), e) wherein subsequently the second surface element (13, 13 a) is applied to the base plate (20), and f) wherein subsequently the rotation lock (22) is brought into its third position for fixing the first surface element (13, 13a) and the second surface element (13, 13b).

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the transition between the positions of the rotary latch (22) by means of rotational movement of a Verrie- gelungsscheibe (23) of the rotary latch (22), wherein the rotational movement is carried out in particular by means of a tool (35) and wherein the Rotational movement from the first position on the second position to the third position in plan view of the base plate (20) is preferably a clockwise rotation.

22. The method according to claim 20 or 21, a) wherein the attachment by means of at least one device according to one of claims 1 to 18 and claim 12 or one of the claims back to claim 12, b) wherein the first surface element (13, 13a ) is inclined relative to a plane defined by the base plate (20) when applied to the base plate (20) such that the first surface element (13, 13a) also abuts at least one, in particular two or more adjacent base plates (20), c) wherein the second surface element (13, 13b) when applied to the base plate (20) relative to a plane defined by the base plate (20) is inclined so that the second surface element (13, 13b) on at least one, in particular two or more adjacent D) wherein in a final step, in particular after also on the adjacent base plates (20) the respective rotation locks (22) are brought into their respective third position, a fastening screw (27) via which the rotary latch (22) is attached to the base plate (20), is tightened for fixing the already fixed surface elements (13, 13 a, 13 b) on the Base plate (20).