EP2097608B1 - Hydraulisch betriebener traktor - Google Patents

Hydraulisch betriebener traktor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2097608B1
EP2097608B1 EP07859540A EP07859540A EP2097608B1 EP 2097608 B1 EP2097608 B1 EP 2097608B1 EP 07859540 A EP07859540 A EP 07859540A EP 07859540 A EP07859540 A EP 07859540A EP 2097608 B1 EP2097608 B1 EP 2097608B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
downhole
housing
tractor
anchor
piston
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP07859540A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2097608A1 (de
Inventor
Todor K. Sheiretov
Cecilia Prieto
Gokturk Tunc
Stephen D. Hill
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Services Petroliers Schlumberger SA
Gemalto Terminals Ltd
Schlumberger Holdings Ltd
Prad Research and Development Ltd
Schlumberger Technology BV
Original Assignee
Services Petroliers Schlumberger SA
Gemalto Terminals Ltd
Schlumberger Holdings Ltd
Prad Research and Development Ltd
Schlumberger Technology BV
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Publication date
Application filed by Services Petroliers Schlumberger SA, Gemalto Terminals Ltd, Schlumberger Holdings Ltd, Prad Research and Development Ltd, Schlumberger Technology BV filed Critical Services Petroliers Schlumberger SA
Priority to PL07859540T priority Critical patent/PL2097608T3/pl
Publication of EP2097608A1 publication Critical patent/EP2097608A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2097608B1 publication Critical patent/EP2097608B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
    • E21B4/18—Anchoring or feeding in the borehole
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B23/00—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells
    • E21B23/001—Self-propelling systems or apparatus, e.g. for moving tools within the horizontal portion of a borehole
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B23/00—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells
    • E21B23/14—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells for displacing a cable or a cable-operated tool, e.g. for logging or perforating operations in deviated wells

Definitions

  • Embodiments described relate to tractors for pulling coiled tubing and other equipment through an underground well.
  • embodiments of tractors are described for pulling equipment downhole in a continuous reciprocating manner.
  • Coiled tubing operations may be employed at an oilfield to deliver a downhole tool to an operation site for a variety of well intervention applications such as well stimulation, the forming of perforations, or the clean-out of debris from within the well.
  • Coiled tubing operations are particularly adept at providing access to highly deviated or tortuous wells where gravity alone fails to provide access to all regions of the wells.
  • a spool of pipe i.e., a coiled tubing
  • a clean out tool may be delivered to a clean out site within the well in this manner to clean out sand or other undesirable debris thereat.
  • a tractor may be incorporated into a downhole portion thereof for pulling the coiled tubing deeper into the well.
  • tractors that are currently available are somewhat incompatible with coiled tubing equipment from a powering standpoint. That is, the tractor is likely to be an electrically driven piece of equipment whereas the coiled tubing itself is hydraulic in nature.
  • the described coiled tubing is advanced into the well with some degree of fluid pressure provided thereto. At a minimum this may help to ensure that the integrity of the coiled tubing is maintained and that it does not collapse in the face of higher external pressure. For example, between a few hundred pounds per square inch (PSI) and several thousand PSI of pressure may be provided within conventionally sized coiled tubing for this purpose.
  • PSI pounds per square inch
  • a significantly higher pressure fluid may be pumped through the coiled tubing and ultimately to the tool.
  • an electric cable may be provided through the coiled tubing and to the tractor.
  • the electric cable may be provided integrally with the wall of the coiled tubing.
  • significant obstacles to the manufacture of the coiled tubing itself may be presented.
  • the addition of a separate electric cable may significantly increase the total weight of downhole equipment, given that the well depths involved are likely in the neighborhood of several thousand feet. Thus, the total achievable depth of the coiled tubing may be reduced as a result.
  • other challenges may be presented in attempts to maintain compatible tensions and control simultaneously through such separate lines of equipment.
  • a hydraulically driven tractor in place of an electric tractor.
  • a tractor is disclosed in US, 6,367,366 which is considered the closest prior art, and comprises a central control assembly, forward and aft propulsion cylinders and uphole and downhole packerfeet for selectively immobilizing the propulsion cylinders.
  • Reciprocating tractors are those that include at least two housings for anchoring and advancing relative to the well wall in an alternating manner.
  • the invention provides hydraulically driven tractor for substantially continuous advancement within a well, the tractor comprising: a piston; a first housing about a first head of said piston, the first head dividing the first housing into a power chamber and a return chamber, and moving in response to an influx of hydraulic pressure into the power chamber of the housing; a first anchor coupled to said first housing for immobilization thereof during moving of the first head; a second housing about a second head of said piston, the second head dividing the second housing into a power chamber and a return chamber , and moving in response to an influx of hydraulic pressure into the power chamber of the housing; a second anchor coupled to said second housing for immobilization thereof during the moving of the second head; and a series hydraulic assembly which fluidly couples the housings such that an influx of hydraulic pressure into the power chamber of one housing moves the head of the piston in that housing and causes fluid to be expelled from the return chamber of that housing and into the return chamber of the other housing to move the other housing relative to the piston, thereby providing substantially continuous advancement of the tractor, the tractor being
  • the invention also includes a method of pulling coiled tubing downhole in a well in a substantially continuous manner, the method comprising coupling the downole end of the coiled tubing to a hydraulically driven tractor in accordance with any preceding claim, and operating the tractor by supplying hydraulic pressure thereto.
  • Fig. 1 is a side cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a hydraulically driven tractor of anchor and housing components disposed within a well.
  • Fig. 2 is a side cross-sectional view of the tractor of Fig. 1 with a comparative depiction of housing hydraulics therebelow.
  • Fig. 3 is a side cross-sectional view of the tractor of Fig. 1 with a comparative depiction of anchor hydraulics therebelow.
  • Figs. 4A-4C are depictions of the tractor of Fig. 1 moving from the position of Fig. 4A to the position of Fig. 4C in a reciprocating manner.
  • Fig. 5 is a depiction of the tractor of Fig. 1 employed in an operation at an oilfield.
  • Fig. 6 is a flow-chart summarizing an embodiment of employing a hydraulically driven tractor.
  • Embodiments are described with reference to certain downhole tractors for use in an oil well.
  • dual anchor reciprocating double armed embodiments are described.
  • a variety of configurations may be employed.
  • embodiments described may include the ability to advance downhole in a continuous manner, maintaining downward movement and substantially avoiding static friction.
  • certain embodiments may also maintain a degree of anchoring at all times during advancement so as to avoid the occurrence of spring-back as detailed below.
  • Fig. 1 an embodiment of a hydraulically driven tractor 100 is shown disposed within a production region 120 of a well 125. The tractor 100 may be directed to this location to aid in hydrocarbon recovery efforts from the production region 120.
  • the tractor 100 has adjacent assemblies 150, 160 that each includes a housing 101, 105, an anchor 170, 180 and actuators 140, 145 therefor.
  • a piston 110 is provided that is coupled to uphole equipment and runs through the tractor 100 including through the housings 101, 105 and anchors 170, 180 as shown.
  • the tractor 100 may be employed to pull the equipment, such as coiled tubing 525, through the well 125 and to the site of interest for performance of an application thereat (see Fig. 5 ).
  • Embodiments of the tractor 100 described herein may be particularly adept at traversing highly deviated extended reach wells which may be highly tortuous.
  • the depicted tractor 100 may be configured for continuous advancement of the noted piston 110 in a downhole direction (to the right in the depiction of Fig. 1 ).
  • This continuous downhole movement of the tractor 100 and may dramatically increase the well depth attainable thereby.
  • conventional coiled tubing that is spooled at the well surface and coupled to the piston 110 of a five thousand pound tractor 100 as described herein may be advanced in excess of five thousand feet further through a tortuous well 125 due to use of the tractor 100.
  • the first assembly 150 includes the uphole housing 101, the uphole anchor 180, and the uphole actuator 140.
  • the uphole anchor 180 and actuator 140 may be employed to direct immobilization, which may include centralization of the uphole assembly 150. Additionally, centralization may occur in conjunction with mobility of the assembly 150 thereby decreasing the amount of time required for immobilization.
  • the uphole housing 101 may be employed to direct the positioning of the uphole assembly 150 relative to the piston 110.
  • the dowhnole assembly 160 similarly includes the dowhole housing 105, the downhole anchor 170, and the downhole actuator 145.
  • the downhole anchor 170 and actuator 145 may be employed to direct immobilization or centralization of the downhole assembly 160 whereas the downhole housing 105 may be employed to direct the positioning of the downhole assembly 160 relative to the piston 110.
  • the anchors 170, 180 are deployed for centralizing when not in a state of immobilization. With such constant deployment, the time between lateral mobility and full immobilization of a given assembly 150, 160 following a pressurization switch may be significantly reduced. Nevertheless, such constant deployment is not required.
  • Fig. 2 in particular reveals a hydraulic series assembly 200 between the uphole housing 101 and the downhole housing 105.
  • the hydraulic series assembly 200 is configured such that an influx of hydraulic pressure into one of the housings 101, 105 may lead to a repositioning of the opposite housing 101, 105.
  • a reliable reciprocating movement of the tractor 100 is achieved without interruption of the forward movement of the piston 110 or any coiled tubing or other equipment coupled thereto.
  • the hydraulic series assembly 200 includes a downhole pressurization line 210 coupled to the downhole housing 105.
  • the downhole pressurization line 210 is presented as a high pressure line for delivering an influx of high pressure to the downhole power chamber 115 from a high pressure line 209.
  • this line 210 may not actually provide pressurization at all times.
  • the pressurization provided by the downhole pressurization line 210 may arrive in the form of a pressurized hydraulic oil or other conventional hydraulic fluid.
  • the piston 110 of the tractor 100 is coupled uphole to coiled tubing that maintains sufficient hydraulic fluid therein to avoid collapse at a minimum.
  • a conventional choke may be positioned in line with the coiled tubing for ultimately diverting a portion of pressurized hydraulic fluid to the downhole pressurization line 210 (or alternatively to the uphole pressurization line 215 as described below).
  • a diversion of about 2,000 PSI pressure differential into the tractor 100 relative to the well 125 may be employed.
  • the piston 110 of the tractor 100 runs entirely therethrough, including through the downhole housing 105 itself.
  • a downhole piston head 119 of the piston 110 is housed by the downhole housing 105 and serves to separate the downhole power chamber 115 from a downhole return chamber 116 of the housing 105.
  • pressurized hydraulic fluid is delivered to the downhole power chamber 115 by the downhole pressurization line 210.
  • the downhole assembly 160 is immobilized by the downhole anchor 170 as detailed below, the application of sufficient pressure to the downhole piston head 119 may move the piston 110 in a downhole direction. Accordingly, the volume of the return chamber 116 is reduced as the volume of the power chamber 115 grows.
  • the piston 110 moves in a downhole direction pulling, for example, coiled tubing right along with it.
  • the arms 172 of the downhole anchor 170 may be initially immobilized with trapped hydraulic fluid of about 500 PSI, for example.
  • the advancement of the piston 110, pulling up to several thousand feet of coiled tubing or other equipment, may force 15,000 PSI or more on the immobilized arms 172.
  • the arms 172 may be of a self gripping configuration only further anchoring the downhole assembly 160 in place. That is, the arms 172 may include a self-gripping mechanism such as responsive cams relative to the well surface as detailed in U.S. Patent Number 6,629,568 .
  • the switching mechanism 201 includes a switch housing 270 with a switch piston 275 disposed therein.
  • the indicated influx of hydraulic fluid into the switch housing 270 may force the switch piston 275 in an uphole direction ultimately forcing hydraulic fluid into an uphole fluid transfer line 250 of the hydraulic series assembly 200.
  • the uphole fluid transfer line 250 delivers hydraulic fluid to an uphole return chamber 113 of the uphole housing 101.
  • the influx of hydraulic fluid into the uphole housing 101 is achieved through the uphole return chamber 113.
  • the uphole anchor 180 may act to centralize the uphole assembly 150 at this stage but does not act to force its immobilization.
  • an increase in pressure within the uphole return chamber 113 acts to move the entire uphole assembly 150 in a downhole direction. That is, the uphole assembly 150 may require no more than between about 50 PSI and about 300 PSI of pressure for the indicated moving, whereas moving of the uphole piston head 117 and all coiled tubing or other equipment coupled thereto would likely require several thousand pounds of force. Therefore, the uphole assembly 150 is moved downhole until the downhole piston head 119 reaches the downhole end of the downhole housing 105 (see also Fig. 4B ).
  • the movement of the piston 110 is continuous allowing the entire tractor 100 to avoid static friction in the coiled tubing that would be present with each restart of the piston 110 in the downhole direction.
  • the advantage of this continuing movement may provide the tractor 100 with up to twice the total achievable downhole depth by taking advantage of the dynamic condition of the moving system.
  • the transfer of hydraulic pressure from one housing 101 to another 105 is achieved through multiple lines 225, 250 having a switching mechanism 201 disposed therebetween as opposed to providing a single hydraulic line between the housings 101, 105.
  • hydraulic actuation on the switching mechanism 201 may be employed to switch the condition of high pressure from the downhole pressurization line 210 to the uphole pressurization line 215 previously served by a low pressure line 214.
  • a conventional trigger such as a spool valve may be employed that is coupled to the switch piston 275 and responsive to the head of the switch piston 275 reaching the end of its stroke at the uphole side of the switch housing 270.
  • the spool may be employed by conventional means to switch the pressure condition from the downhole pressurization line 210 to the uphole pressurization line 215 as indicated.
  • an influx of high pressure into the power chamber 111 of the uphole housing 101 may now drive the uphole piston head 117 in a downhole direction. This may result in an initiation of a return cycle of movement from the uphole assembly 150 to the downhole assembly 160 as described below.
  • the uphole assembly 150 is now immobilized by the uphole anchor 180 as the piston 110 is advanced downhole via pressure on the piston head 117.
  • the downhole assembly 160 may be centralized but not immobilized by the downhole anchor 170 (this is detailed further in the anchor progression description below). Similar to that described above, the advancing uphole piston head 117 forces hydraulic fluid from the return chamber 113 of the uphole housing 101 and into the uphole fluid transfer line 250, thereby sending the switch piston 275 in a downhole direction and forcing hydraulic fluid into the downhole return chamber 116.
  • the influx of pressure into the downhole return chamber 116 results in the moving of the entire downhole assembly 160 in a downhole direction (see Fig. 4C ).
  • the assemblies 150, 160 continue to reciprocate their way downhole without requiring any interruption in the downhole advancement of the piston 110 or equipment pulled thereby.
  • the anchoring synchronization alluded to above is detailed. That is, as evidenced by the progression above, whenever an influx of high pressure is directed to the uphole side of a piston head 117, 119 (via 210 or 215), the associated assembly 150, 160 is immobilized. In other words, whenever the downhole pressurization line 210 pressurizes the downhole power chamber 115, the downhole assembly 160 is immobilized while the uphole assembly 150 remains laterally mobile (e.g. 'centralized' in the embodiments shown). Similarly, following the above noted pressurization switch, whenever the uphole pressurization line 215 pressurizes the uphole power chamber 111, the uphole assembly 150 is immobilized while the downhole assembly 160 becomes laterally mobile.
  • the explanation may again begin with reference to the downhole pressurization line 210 supplying high pressure to the downhole power chamber 115.
  • the arms 172 of the downhole anchor 170 may be locked in an open position immobilizing the downhole assembly 160.
  • a series of pilot operated valves 301, 302, 303, 304 referred to herein as "pilot valves” are shown that are responsive to pressures in the noted pressurization lines 210, 215.
  • pilot valves 303, 304 are depicted.
  • a normally closed downhole pilot valve 303 is depicted that may be opened upon exposure to a high pressure condition.
  • this valve 303 is coupled to the uphole pressurization line 215 and exposed to a low pressure condition at the present time. Thus, the valve 303 remains locked in a closed position preventing the outflow of hydraulic fluid from the downhole actuator 145 into the downhole actuator line 350.
  • the downhole actuator piston 148 remains locked in place by the presence of the trapped hydraulic fluid, holding the downhole anchor 170 and associated arms 172 open. In this manner, the trapped hydraulic fluid may immobilize the downhole assembly 160 in combination with the self-gripping mechanism referenced above.
  • the secondary downhole pilot valve 304 is of a normally open variety unless exposed to a high pressure condition. This valve 304 is indeed exposed to a high pressure condition with its coupling to the downhole pressurization line 210. Thus, the closure of the downhole actuator line 350 by these pilot valves 303, 304 is doubly certain. That is, as detailed below, closure of either valve 303, 304 ensures immobilization, whereas both valves 303, 304 may need to be open in order to allow lateral mobility of the assembly 160.
  • the immobilization of the downhole assembly 160 may also indicate lateral mobility or mere centralization of the uphole assembly 150.
  • the uphole anchor 180 is linked to uphole pilot valves 301, 302.
  • a normally closed uphole pilot valve 301 is provided that may be opened upon exposure to a high pressure condition.
  • this valve 301 is indeed coupled to the high pressure downhole pressurization line 210, thereby allowing the valve 301 to remain open.
  • An open secondary pilot valve 302 is also depicted that allows hydraulic overflow through the uphole actuator line 325 and ultimately to a pressurized reservoir through a line 375.
  • the uphole actuator piston 143 is mobily responsive to radial displacement of the arms 182 as described below. Therefore, the uphole assembly 150 is laterally forced downhole in a centralized manner as detailed above.
  • the uphole pilot valves 301, 302 are noted as open for lateral mobility and centralization of the uphole assembly 150 whereas the downhole pilot valves 303, 304 are noted as closed for anchoring and immobilization of the downhole assembly 160.
  • These are the conditions present where the downhole pressurization line 210 is high pressure in nature and the uphole pressurization line 215 is low pressure.
  • the tractor 100 is susceptible to spring-back of coiled tubing in an uphole direction as the once immobilized downhole assembly 160 takes on a laterally mobile character.
  • the secondary pilot valves 302, 304 are provided to ensure that at least one assembly 150, 160 remains immobilized at all times in order to prevent spring-back of the tractor 100 (e.g. and coiled tubing) in an uphole direction.
  • the tractor 100 is configured such that at least one of the anchors 180, 170 is immobilized at all times.
  • the tractor 100 is configured such that both anchors 180, 170 are immobilized for a brief period as the high pressure condition switches from the downhole pressurization line 210 to the uphole pressurization line 215 and vice versa as described above. This eliminates the possibility of one of the anchors 170, 180 moving to a state of lateral mobility while the other is yet to be fully immobilized.
  • the resulting spring-back avoidance is a feature made possible by the use of the secondary pilot valves 302, 304 noted above.
  • Each primary valve 301, 303 is paired with a secondary valve 302, 304 as shown in Fig. 3 .
  • All of these valves 301, 302, 303, 304 may be independently responsive to pre-determined high or low pressures so as to ensure a delay between the opening of a primary valve (e.g. 303) and its corresponding secondary valve (e.g. 304).
  • This delay may be configured to ensure the immobilization of the anchor opposite the valve pair, such as the uphole anchor 180 opposite the downhole pilot valve pair 303, 304, prior to allowing the lateral mobility of the corresponding anchor (e.g. the downhole anchor 170).
  • An example of this delay is described in greater detail below with reference to a switch in the downhole pressurization line 210 from a high pressure condition to a low pressure condition.
  • a high pressure condition in the downhole pressurization line 210 corresponds to the immobilization of the downhole anchor 170 by way of the closing off of the downhole actuator line 350 via the downhole primary 303 and secondary 304 pilot valves.
  • the downhole primary pilot valve 303 is normally closed unless a condition of high pressure is introduced. Therefore, as the high pressure condition begins to switch from the downhole pressurization line 210 to the uphole pressurization line 21 that is coupled to the downhole primary pilot valve 303, this valve 303 may be opened (and valve 302 closed).
  • the opening of this valve 303 would result in opening of the downhole actuator line 350 and lateral mobility of the downhole anchor 170 but for the presence of the secondary downhole pilot valve 304.
  • the closed secondary downhole pilot valves 304, 301 also responsive to the switch of the pressure condition in the line 210 may be employed to ensure a delay in the complete opening of the downhole actuator line 350 until after the closure of the line 325.
  • an overflow line 375 is shown where hydraulic fluid may be diverted to a pressure sub or other storage or release means.
  • the pressures in the valves 301, 302, 303, 304 may be kept at a level conducive to provide sufficient centralization.
  • a pressure sub may be employed to ensure that no more than about 500 PSI of pressure may be directed through the valves 301, 302, 303, 304 toward the assemblies 150, 160.
  • An additional fail safe mechanism may also be provided to ensure that no pressure is trapped by the valves 301, 302, 303, 304 when the tractor 100 is turned off.
  • the overflow line 375 is configured to allow excess hydraulic fluid to be diverted from an open valve pair (e.g. 301 and 302) in response to a centralizing anchor (e.g. 180) reducing in profile as it encounters narrowing well features during movement downhole. Similarly, this same hydraulic fluid may be returned to the centralizing anchor 180 from the overflow line 375 as the well increases in profile.
  • an open valve pair e.g. 301 and 302
  • a centralizing anchor e.g. 180
  • this same hydraulic fluid may be returned to the centralizing anchor 180 from the overflow line 375 as the well increases in profile.
  • FIGs. 4A-4C the uninterrupted synchronization of anchoring and downhole reciprocating advancement of the tractor 100 is depicted.
  • the tractor 100 is shown with the uphole assembly 150 distanced from the downhole assembly 160 within a production region 120 of a well 125.
  • Much of the switch mechanism 201, anchor valves 301-304, and other features of Figs. 2 and 3 above may be housed within a hydraulic housing of the tractor 100.
  • the downhole actuator 145 is locked as described above such that the downhole anchor 170 is immobilized.
  • pressure applied to the downhole power chamber 115 and on the downhole piston head 119 advances the piston 110 downhole (see Fig. 4B ).
  • the uphole anchor 180 may be centralizing in nature and allowing for lateral mobility of the uphole assembly 150 as depicted below with reference to Fig. 4B .
  • the noted lateral mobility of the uphole assembly 150 may be effectuated by the influx of pressure into the uphole return chamber 113. That is, given the minimal amount of force required to move the assembly 150, perhaps no more than about 300 PSI of pressure, a downhole movement thereof may be seen with reference to arrow 450.
  • a downhole movement thereof may be seen with reference to arrow 450.
  • the uphole piston head 117 appears to move uphole, it is actually the uphole housing 101 thereabout that has moved downhole as indicated. Indeed, the entire piston 110 continues its downhole advancement without interruption as noted below with reference to Fig. 4C .
  • the uphole piston head 117 appears to resume downhole advancement relative to the uphole hosing 101.
  • the entire piston 110 including the uphole piston head 117 actually maintains uninterrupted downhole advancement.
  • the switch piston 201 finishes its travel in the uphole direction
  • the above described switch in pressure conditions occurs that leads to an influx of pressure into the uphole power chamber 111.
  • the uphole anchor 180 is immobilized by the locking of the uphole actuator 140 as detailed above. Therefore, the uphole piston head 117 is driven to continue the downhole advancement of the entire piston 110.
  • this downhole advancement of the uphole piston head 117 relative to the uphole housing 101 leads to an influx of pressure into the downhole return chamber 116.
  • the downhole assembly 160 advances further downhole (see arrow 475).
  • embodiments described herein allow for continuous downhole advancement of the piston 110.
  • the load pulled by the piston 110 such as several thousand feet of coiled tubing or other equipment may be pulled while substantially avoiding resistance in the form of static friction.
  • Downhole advancement of the load is not interrupted by any need to reset or reposition tractor anchors 170, 180 or assemblies 150, 160.
  • the tractor 100 may be able to pull a load of up to about twice the distance as compared to a tractor that must overcome repeated occurrences of static friction. For example, where just under a 5,000 lb. pull is required to advance a load downhole, a 5,000 lb. capacity tractor of interrupted downhole advancement must pull about 5,000 lbs. after each interruption in advancement.
  • the tractor 100 may be able to pull the load no further.
  • the degree of pull requirement soon diminishes (e.g. to as low as about 2,500 lbs.). Only once the depth of advancement increases the pull requirement by another 2,500 lbs. does the 5,000 lb. capacity tractor 100 reach its downhole limit. For this reason, embodiments of tractors 100 described herein have up to about twice the downhole pull capacity of a comparable tractor of interrupted downhole advancement.
  • FIG. 5 an embodiment of the hydraulically driven tractor 100 detailed hereinabove is depicted in use at an oilfield 500.
  • the tractor 100 is coupled to the downhole portion of coiled tubing 525 that is driven into a well 125 by an injector 530 at the surface of the oilfield 500.
  • a coiled tubing reel 510 supplies the coiled tubing 525 to the injector 530 as shown.
  • the linear maintenance of the coiled tubing 525 beyond the lock-up depth is achieved by the pull thereon from the hydraulically driven tractor 100 shown.
  • the tractor 100 is also able to deliver a tool, such as the depicted clean out tool 575 to a clean out site 580 within the production region 120.
  • the clean out tool 575 may be delivered for the purpose of removal of debris 560 as shown in order to improve recovery of hydrocarbons from the production region 120.
  • the tractor 100 may be employed to deliver a variety of other tools for any number of purposes.
  • the continuous downhole movement of the tractor 100 may allow it to deliver the tool up to about twice the depth of that achievable by a conventional reciprocating tractor and without need to overcome any intermittent spring-back or retraction uphole thereof.
  • FIG. 6 a flow-chart summarizing an embodiment of employing a hydraulically driven tractor such as that detailed above is depicted.
  • a hydraulically driven tractor such as that detailed above is depicted.
  • FIGs. 4A-4C the flow-chart details the manner of uninterrupted downhole advancement attainable by embodiments of hydraulically driven tractors 100 detailed herein.
  • Such a tractor 100 may be employed to pull coiled tubing deeper within a well that is also pushed from the surface as noted with reference to Fig. 5 .
  • a piston of the tractor may be coupled to the coiled tubing and positioned within the well.
  • a first housing of the tractor may initially be immobilized as indicated at 620.
  • pressurization of a first piston head within the first housing may result in driving of the entire piston downhole (see 630). Therefore, the laterally mobile second housing may be moved in response to the pressurization as indicated at 650.
  • lateral mobility or centralization may be provided to the second housing only upon the complete immobilization of the first housing as detailed above with reference to Fig. 3 . In this manner the possibility of an uphole spring-back of the tractor and coiled tubing may be avoided to ensure the efficient and continuous downhole movement thereof.
  • the second housing may be immobilized as indicated at 660. Lateral mobility may then be provided to the first housing as indicated at 665. Further, in order to continue the driving of the piston downhole, pressurization may be switched to a second piston head with the second housing (see 670). Again, this pressurization may lead to downhole movement of the first housing as indicated at 690.
  • pressurization may be switched to a second piston head with the second housing (see 670). Again, this pressurization may lead to downhole movement of the first housing as indicated at 690.
  • Embodiments of the tractor 100 described herein avoid the requirement of a separate electric cable for powering purposes. Nevertheless, hydraulic components which supply power to the tractor embodiments are configured such that downhole advancement of the tractor 100 is achieved in a continuous manner that avoids compromise to the efficiency of advancement or the total well depths achievable by the tractor 100.

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  • Light Guides In General And Applications Therefor (AREA)
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  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Hydraulisch angetriebene Zugmaschine für das im Wesentlichen stetige Vorschieben in einem Bohrloch, wobei die Zugmaschine folgendes umfasst:
    einen Kolben (110),
    ein erstes Gehäuse (101) um einen ersten Kopf (117) des Kolbens, wobei der erste Kopf das erste Gehäuse in eine Arbeitskammer (111) und eine Rückstromkammer (113) unterteilt und sich als Reaktion auf einen Einstrom von hydraulischem Druck in die Arbeitskammer des Gehäuses bewegt,
    einen ersten Anker (180), der mit dem ersten Gehäuse verbunden ist und dieses während einer Bewegung des ersten Kopfes immobilisiert,
    ein zweites Gehäuse (105) um einen zweiten Kopf (119) des Kolbens, wobei der zweite Kopf das zweite Gehäuse in eine Arbeitskammer (115) und eine Rückstromkammer (116) unterteilt und sich als Reaktion auf einen Einstrom von hydraulischem Druck in die Arbeitskammer des Gehäuses bewegt,
    einen zweiten Anker (170), der mit dem zweiten Gehäuse verbunden ist und dieses während der Bewegung des zweiten Kopfes immobilisiert, und
    einen Hydraulik-Reihenzusammenbau (200), der die Gehäuse fluidisch verbindet, so dass ein Einstrom von hydraulischem Druck in die Arbeitskammer des einen Gehäuses den Kolbenkopf in diesem Gehäuse bewegt und den Ausstrom von Fluid aus der Rückstromkammer dieses Gehäuses und in die Rückstromkammer des anderen Gehäuses bewirkt, wodurch das andere Gehäuse in Bezug auf den Kolben bewegt wird, so dass ein im Wesentlichen stetiges Vorschieben der Zugmaschine erhalten wird,
    wobei die Zugmaschine gekennzeichnet ist durch einen Mechanismus (301, 302, 303, 304), der jeweils mit den Ankern (180, 170) verbunden ist und deren Aktivierung und Deaktivierung regelt, wobei der Mechanismus derart angeordnet ist, dass er die Immobilisierung des einen Ankers aktiviert und gleichzeitig die Deaktivierung der Immobilisierung des anderen Ankers verzögert, so dass der andere Anker nur dann deaktiviert wird, wenn der eine Anker vollständig immobilisiert ist.
  2. Hydraulisch angetriebene Zugmaschine nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Kolben (110) verbunden ist mit einer Bohrloch-Förderstrecke (525), die von einer Oberfläche an einem Ursprung des Bohrlochs ausgeht, und die Bohrloch-Förderstrecke hinunter in das Bohrloch zieht.
  3. Hydraulisch angetriebene Zugmaschine nach Anspruch 2, wobei es sich bei der Bohrloch-Förderstrecke (525) um aufgerollte Rohrleitungen (Coiled Tubing) handelt.
  4. Hydraulisch angetriebene Zugmaschine nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Hydraulik-Reihen-Zusammenbau (200) folgendes umfasst: eine erste Überführungsleitung (250), die mit dem ersten Gehäuse (101) verbunden ist und einen Ausstrom von hydraulischem Druck aufgrund der Bewegung des ersten Kopfes (117) aufnimmt, eine zweite Überführungsleitung (225), die mit dem zweiten Gehäuse (105) verbunden ist und diesem den Ausstrom von hydraulischem Druck zuführt, so dass sich das zweite Gehäuse bewegt, und einen Schaltmechanismus (201), der mit der ersten Überführungsleitung und der zweiten Überführungsleitung verbunden ist und den Ausstrom von hydraulischem Druck von der ersten Überführungsleitung zu der zweiten Überführungsleitung überführt.
  5. Hydraulisch angetriebene Zugmaschine nach Anspruch 4, die zudem folgendes umfasst: eine erste Druckleitung (215), mit der der Einstrom von hydraulischem Druck in das erste Gehäuse (101) für einen ersten Zeitraum bereitgestellt wird, und eine zweite Druckleitung (210), mit der ein Einstrom von hydraulischem Druck in das zweite Gehäuse (105) für einen zweiten Zeitraum, der nicht in den ersten Zeitraum fällt, bereitgestellt wird, wobei der Schaltmechanismus (201) zum Regeln der Zeiträume dient.
  6. Hydraulisch angetriebene Zugmaschine nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Bewegung der Gehäuse (101, 105) eine Zentrierung der Gehäuse mit einschließt.
  7. Hydraulisch angetriebene Zugmaschine nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Mechanismus (301, 302, 303, 304) eine Anzahl an Vorsteuerventilen umfasst.
  8. Hydraulisch angetriebene Zugmaschine nach Anspruch 7, wobei die Anzahl an Vorsteuerventilen (301, 302, 303, 304) jeweils ein primäres Vorsteuerventil (301 oder 303) und jeweils ein sekundäres Vorsteuerventil (302 oder 304) umfasst, die mit dem Ankern (180, 170) verbunden sind, wobei die Deaktivierung eines Ankers nur erfolgt, nachdem sowohl sein primäres als auch sein sekundäres Vorsteuerventil geöffnet wurden.
  9. Hydraulisch angetriebene Zugmaschine nach Anspruch 8, wobei die Aktivierung eines Ankers (180, 170) nach dem Schließen seines primären Vorsteuerventils (301 oder 303) erreicht wird.
  10. Hydraulisch angetriebene Zugmaschine nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, die zudem einen Druckmesssensor zum Speichern des hydraulischen Drucks umfasst.
  11. Verfahren zum im Wesentlichen stetigen Ziehen aufgerollter Rohrleitungen hinunter in ein Bohrloch, wobei man bei dem Verfahren das Bohrlochende der aufgerollten Rohrleitung mit einer hydraulisch angetriebenen Zugmaschine nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch verbindet und die Zugmaschine antreibt, indem man ihr hydraulischen Druck zuführt.
EP07859540A 2007-01-02 2007-12-28 Hydraulisch betriebener traktor Not-in-force EP2097608B1 (de)

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US11/772,181 US20080066963A1 (en) 2006-09-15 2007-06-30 Hydraulically driven tractor
PCT/IB2007/055336 WO2008081402A1 (en) 2007-01-02 2007-12-28 Hydraulically driven tractor

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RU2009129541A (ru) 2011-02-10
US20080066963A1 (en) 2008-03-20
PL2097608T3 (pl) 2012-04-30
RU2009129540A (ru) 2011-02-10
DK2097608T3 (da) 2012-03-05
WO2008081402A1 (en) 2008-07-10
ATE534795T1 (de) 2011-12-15
EP2097608A1 (de) 2009-09-09
NO20092418L (no) 2009-09-29

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