EP2089558A2 - Procédé pour déterminer la teneur en polyester d'une poudre à composants multiples lors d'un processus de projection thermique, procédé pour enduire ou retoucher un objet par projection thermique et dispositif de projection thermique - Google Patents

Procédé pour déterminer la teneur en polyester d'une poudre à composants multiples lors d'un processus de projection thermique, procédé pour enduire ou retoucher un objet par projection thermique et dispositif de projection thermique

Info

Publication number
EP2089558A2
EP2089558A2 EP07817762A EP07817762A EP2089558A2 EP 2089558 A2 EP2089558 A2 EP 2089558A2 EP 07817762 A EP07817762 A EP 07817762A EP 07817762 A EP07817762 A EP 07817762A EP 2089558 A2 EP2089558 A2 EP 2089558A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
polyester
thermal spraying
multicomponent powder
multicomponent
powder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07817762A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Andreas Jakimov
Manuel Hertter
Andreas KÄHNY
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MTU Aero Engines AG
Original Assignee
MTU Aero Engines GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MTU Aero Engines GmbH filed Critical MTU Aero Engines GmbH
Publication of EP2089558A2 publication Critical patent/EP2089558A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/71—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N2021/8411—Application to online plant, process monitoring
    • G01N2021/8416—Application to online plant, process monitoring and process controlling, not otherwise provided for
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/71—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
    • G01N21/73—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited using plasma burners or torches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining the proportion of polyester in a multicomponent powder in a thermal spraying, in which the multicomponent powder is used as starting material, which represents the material for the layer to be applied in a coating of an article.
  • the invention also relates to a method for coating or repairing an article by means of thermal spraying and to a device for thermal spraying.
  • thermal spraying encompasses completely different spraying methods, such as plasma spraying, arc spraying, laser spraying and flame spraying. Details on different spraying processes can be found in the DIN 32530 and the homepage of the Community of Thermal Spraying (GTS), which was launched on October 25, 2006 at www.gts-ev.de.
  • GTS Community of Thermal Spraying
  • thermal spraying The various spraying methods which fall under the term of thermal spraying have in common that a material to be applied to an object is fed to a device for thermal spraying, and that it is supplied there with thermal and kinetic energy. With the help of a carrier, it is guided to where it should deposit as a layer.
  • the carrier is usually a gas which may also be ionized, namely in plasma spraying.
  • Thermal spraying can be used on a variety of materials to be applied as a layer.
  • a multicomponent powder which consists of the actual coating powder and a binder, and the polyester is added.
  • the polyester provides a desired porosity of the applied layer after it has burned out. It can also influence the abrasive properties of the layer - which is in particular an inlet lining - in a desirable manner.
  • the polyester becomes an essential component of the multicomponent powder.
  • the object is achieved by a method according to claim 1, a method according to claim 6 and a device according to claim 11.
  • the multicomponent powder also comprises the coating material in addition to the polyester.
  • the multicomponent powder preferably also comprises binders and possibly further additives.
  • At least one measured value for the intensity of the light emitted by the entirety of carrier and multicomponent powder material on the way to the object is detected at least in the region of a characteristic emission wavelength of polyester.
  • a characteristic emission wavelength is known to be a wavelength at which energy is preferably emitted, and which in the E spectrum of mission can be seen by clear increase in intensity compared to the ground. From the totality of the measured values, a parameter is derived. Based on a previously established (for example empirically) relationship between the parameter and the polyester content can then be determined from the characteristic of the proportion of polyester as desired.
  • the invention makes use of the fact that the emission spectrum in the region of a characteristic emission wavelength of polyester is sensitive to the polyester content in the starting material (ie the multicomponent powder).
  • the material other than the polyester can also be taken into account.
  • measured values for the intensity are also recorded in at least one further predetermined wave range which does not overlap with this wave range around a characteristic emission wavelength of a material other than polyester of the multicomponent powder.
  • the parameter can then be formed as a relative variable.
  • the relative size of, for example, a relative size between a first 'are formed over the first wavelength range extending integral and a second extending over all other wavelength ranges integral.
  • a range between 370 nm and 392 nm is suitable as the first predetermined wavelength range. Preferably, this is further limited to the range of 376 nm to 390 nm.
  • the multicomponent powder comprises the actual coating material, ie the material or materials (individually or pre-alloyed) from which the layer ultimately exists.
  • a binder or other materials may be included.
  • two outstanding emission peaks in the range of 392 nm to 400 nm, which can be defined as a further predetermined wavelength range, and are preferably applied to the internal tervall is limited from 393 nm to 398.5 nm. It is also possible to define two further predetermined wavelength ranges, each around one of the peaks, for example from 393.3 nm to 395, 3 nm and from 396.1 nm to 398.5 nm.
  • the measured values are sufficient for the intensity of the measured values determined by the totality of carrier and multicomponent powder material. If one wants to refine the definition of the parameter, then one should only consider the proportion of the multicomponent powder in the emission spectrum. In order to be able to do this, measured values for the intensity of the light emitted by the carrier alone in the absence of multicomponent powder material can be recorded as part of a preliminary measurement at all wavelengths at which measured values are to be used, which are to be used for the formation of the parameter. The difference between the intensities of the two measurement series (measurement curves) is then formed, ie with and without multicomponent powder material, and this difference can be used to form the characteristic. In the case of the above-mentioned first and further wavelength ranges, the characteristic variable can be determined as a relative size between two integrals via the difference curve.
  • the thermal spraying is a plasma spraying
  • a measurement curve in which the plasma is generated, but this is no multicomponent powder is fed ver, and recorded another time a curve in normal operation.
  • the fact that the invention provides for the first time the possibility of determining the polyester content in the multicomponent powder material during the thermal spraying also makes possible a method according to the invention for coating or repairing an article by means of thermal spraying.
  • the starting material used is a multicomponent powder with polyester.
  • the polyester content of the multicomponent powder material is determined multiple times or continuously in the plasma and / or particle beam, and this proportion is regulated to a predetermined value or at least regulated so that it falls within a predetermined value range. It is possible by the inventive method, in particular those properties of the coating produced to determine exactly which are determined by the polyester, namely the porosity or the abrasive properties of the layer.
  • the control or regulation can be designed differently.
  • the composition of the multicomponent powder may be changed before being supplied to a thermal spraying device. It is also possible to choose a solid powder composition and control the proportion of polyester over the spray parameters, e.g. Spray distance, gas flows, etc. to regulate.
  • the multicomponent powder is prepared beforehand, and the composition of the material reaching the object to be coated is merely changed in the apparatus for thermal spraying by means of these so-called indirect parameters.
  • the multicomponent powder is mixed separately from a device for thermal spraying in a mixing device before being fed to the device for thermal spraying from at least the constituents polyester and Be Anlagenungsmateri- al, possibly even binders or other additives.
  • the mixing device the generation of the multicomponent powder is regulated. Mechanically, this is a simple solution because the thermal spraying device need not be changed, but the solution is expensive since the multicomponent powder can not be mixed in advance.
  • a device for thermal spraying is used, which is fed from a previously filled container of coating material, polyester and possibly binder and further additives existing multicomponent powder.
  • the ratio between polyester and the remaining components of the multicomponent powder is fixed before splashing.
  • Changing the spray parameters controls how much of the polyester occurs on the surface to be coated.
  • a typical article that can be coated using the method of the invention is a turbine or engine part to which, in particular, an inlet lining is applied.
  • plasma spraying is particularly suitable.
  • the emission of the plasma alone is particularly easy to measure beforehand so that later measured intensity values can be related to the previously measured curve.
  • the device according to the invention for thermal spraying allows the method according to the above-mentioned first alternative. It comprises a first supply device for a first component of the multicomponent powder and a second supply device for a further component of the multicomponent powder.
  • the material supplied from the two feeders is mixed at a location chosen so that, during operation of the apparatus, the materials from the two feeders mix before impacting an article to be coated by thermal spraying.
  • the two feeders are designed so that the material is merged where it is heated.
  • a nozzle is already used which steers the powder, for example, into a hot gas stream, where it melts, and a second nozzle can then simply be provided as a second supply device, which then contains powder which is only one component of the multicomponent powder includes, in particular polyester powder, also in the heated gas stream can conduct.
  • control is, as already mentioned, preferably by means of the method according to claim 1.
  • at least one of the supply means is controlled by a control device which evaluates signals of an optical spectrometer (based on that from the apparatus for directed thermal spraying and light emitting beam is directed).
  • the starting material used was a multicomponent powder which comprises the actual coating powder, a binder and, as an additive, polyester powder.
  • a stream of ionized gas (a plasma) is generated, which serves as a carrier for a coating material, in the present case for the multicomponent powder material.
  • the multicomponent powder is injected into the flowing plasma, melts there, and the molten multicomponent powder is carried by the gas flow to the article to be coated.
  • an optical spectrometer is now provided which is aimed at the beam emerging from the device before it impacts the article.
  • a first spectrum is first recorded, which emits the plasma when multicomponent powder is not supplied. This spectrum is designated 10 in the figure.
  • the multicomponent powder is supplied and recorded a second spectrum. This spectrum is designated 12 in the figure.
  • a first wavelength range 14 and a second wavelength range 16 can now be defined in which the spectrum curve is above the spectrum curve 10 in each case, ie wavelength ranges in which the emitted intensity with multicomponent powder is higher than without multicomponent powder.
  • the first wavelength range 14 extends from 376.3 nm to 389.8 nm.
  • several peaks are visible in the wavelength range 14, which correspond to characteristic emission wavelengths of polyester and binder.
  • the increase in the curve 12 with respect to the curve 10 is thus due to the polyester and the binder.
  • the second wavelength range 16 extends from 393.3 nm to 398.5 nm.
  • the statement below regarding integrals over the second wavelength range 16 then applies to the sum of integrals over the divided wavelength range.
  • the wavelength range 16 two peaks can be seen in the curve 12, which are not present in the curve 10. These two peaks are due to the binder.
  • the proportion of polyester in the multicomponent powder can now be determined from the area 18 between the curve 12 and the curve 10 in the wavelength range 14 on the one hand and the area 20 between the curve 12 and the curve 10 in the wavelength range 16.
  • the areas 18 and 20 are calculable as integrals of the difference in intensity from the curve 12 to the intensity from the curve 10 over the wavelength range 14 and 16, respectively.
  • the ratio of these integrals forms a characteristic over which the proportion of polyester in the multicomponent powder can be determined.
  • the actual percentage of polyester in the multicomponent powder can then be determined in the short term on the basis of the integral formation in both spectra 10 and 12.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour déterminer la teneur en polyester d'une poudre à composants multiples lors d'un processus de projection thermique. Selon ce procédé, la poudre à composants multiples est chauffée et acheminée au moyen d'un support jusqu'à un objet sur lequel elle forme une couche, puis au moins une valeur de mesure (10, 12) relative à l'intensité de la lumière émise par l'ensemble formé par le support et la matière pulvérulente à composants multiples sur le trajet jusqu'à l'objet est déterminée au moins dans la plage d'une longueur d'onde d'émission caractéristique du polyester. Un paramètre est ensuite dérivé de l'ensemble des valeurs de mesure et la teneur en polyester à déterminer est calculée d'après une relation prédéterminée entre ce paramètre et la teneur en polyester.
EP07817762A 2006-11-15 2007-11-02 Procédé pour déterminer la teneur en polyester d'une poudre à composants multiples lors d'un processus de projection thermique, procédé pour enduire ou retoucher un objet par projection thermique et dispositif de projection thermique Withdrawn EP2089558A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006053793A DE102006053793A1 (de) 2006-11-15 2006-11-15 Verfahren zum Ermitteln des Anteils an Polyester in einem Multikomponentenpulver bei einem thermischen Spritzen, Verfahren zum Beschichten oder Ausbessern eines Gegenstands mittels thermischen Spritzens und Vorrichtung zum thermischen Spritzen
PCT/DE2007/001971 WO2008058503A2 (fr) 2006-11-15 2007-11-02 Procédé pour déterminer la teneur en polyester d'une poudre à composants multiples lors d'un processus de projection thermique, procédé pour enduire ou retoucher un objet par projection thermique et dispositif de projection thermique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2089558A2 true EP2089558A2 (fr) 2009-08-19

Family

ID=38930177

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07817762A Withdrawn EP2089558A2 (fr) 2006-11-15 2007-11-02 Procédé pour déterminer la teneur en polyester d'une poudre à composants multiples lors d'un processus de projection thermique, procédé pour enduire ou retoucher un objet par projection thermique et dispositif de projection thermique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20100166944A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2089558A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2669227A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102006053793A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008058503A2 (fr)

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3723165A (en) * 1971-10-04 1973-03-27 Metco Inc Mixed metal and high-temperature plastic flame spray powder and method of flame spraying same
US4336276A (en) * 1980-03-30 1982-06-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Fully plasma-sprayed compliant backed ceramic turbine seal
US4561808A (en) * 1984-06-04 1985-12-31 Metco Inc. Powder feed pickup device for thermal spray guns
EP0837305A1 (fr) * 1996-10-21 1998-04-22 Sulzer Metco AG Méthode et assemblage pour contrÔler le processus de revêtement dans un dispositif de revêtement thermique
JPH11264061A (ja) * 1998-03-16 1999-09-28 Suzuki Motor Corp Ａｌ系材料とＦｅ系材料との混合粉末溶射方法
JP4029375B2 (ja) * 2000-06-21 2008-01-09 スズキ株式会社 混合粉末溶射方法
DE10203884A1 (de) * 2002-01-31 2003-08-14 Flumesys Gmbh Fluidmes Und Sys Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum thermischen Spritzen
DE102005010754B4 (de) * 2005-03-09 2010-02-18 Daimler Ag Verfahren zur Überwachung und Steuerung von thermischen Spritzverfahren

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
STANISLAW KUS ET AL: "Derivative UV-VIS Spectrophotometry in Analytical Chemistry", CHEM. ANAL. (WARSAW), vol. 41, 1 January 1996 (1996-01-01), pages 899 - 927, XP055340247 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2669227A1 (fr) 2008-05-22
US20100166944A1 (en) 2010-07-01
WO2008058503A3 (fr) 2009-07-09
WO2008058503A2 (fr) 2008-05-22
DE102006053793A1 (de) 2008-05-21

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0350942B1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif d'usinage à l'aie du rayonnement laser
DE102011100456B4 (de) Extremes Hochgeschwindigkeitslaserauftragsschweißverfahren
DE60025600T2 (de) Verfahren zur bolzenschweissen mit einer reinigungsstufe
EP1342510B1 (fr) Procédé de décapage d'éléments de moteur et dispositif d'exécution du procédé
EP1844181A1 (fr) Procede de pulverisation par gaz froid
DE102005027260B4 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Qualitätsbestimmung einer Schweißnaht oder einer thermischen Spritzschicht und Verwendung
WO2010003396A1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif de pulvérisation gazeuse à froid
EP1332799A1 (fr) Dispositif et méthode de revêtement thermique
DE102016200324A1 (de) Verfahren zum Ermitteln einer Konzentration wenigstens eines Werkstoffs in einem Pulver für ein additives Herstellverfahren
DE2743833A1 (de) Vorrichtung zum aufbringen einer metallischen spruehbeschichtung auf einem substrat und mittels der vorrichtung durchfuehrbares verfahren zum spruehbeschichten
WO2015169513A1 (fr) Agencement et procédé pour réaliser un placage par couches successives
DE3913687C2 (fr)
WO2008058503A2 (fr) Procédé pour déterminer la teneur en polyester d'une poudre à composants multiples lors d'un processus de projection thermique, procédé pour enduire ou retoucher un objet par projection thermique et dispositif de projection thermique
WO2017009093A1 (fr) Procédé sls sous vide pour la fabrication additive de pièces métalliques
EP1825016B1 (fr) Procede pour revetir une piece
EP2006409B1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif de détermination de la partie d'au moins un additif d'une poudre à plusieurs composants destinée à la pulvérisation thermique
DE102004004666B3 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Qualitätsbestimmung einer Schweissnaht oder einer thermischen Spritzschicht und Verwendung
DE102019132535A1 (de) Druckverfahren zum Herstellen einer Mehrschichtkomponente mit einer Online-Prozesskontrolle und hierfür geeignete Vorrichtung
WO2015155116A1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif de mesure de débits de poudre d'un outil de soudage au laser
DE102015201686A1 (de) Additives Herstellungsverfahren unter Verwendung dickerer Pulverschichten und Bauteil
DE102010021596A1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Schmelzschweißen
WO2004029319A2 (fr) Procede pour revetir une piece
DE102016211191A1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung einer Schichtdicke einer organischen Schicht auf einer Oberfläche mittels Infrarotspektroskopie
DE4334407A1 (de) Verfahren zur Bearbeitung eines Werkstückes unter Einsatz von Laserstrahlung bei Erhöhung des Absorptionsgrades der Werkstückoberfläche
DE102016114014A1 (de) Verfahren zur Beschichtung eines Trockenzylinders

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20090513

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20091028

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: MTU AERO ENGINES AG

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 20190501