EP2082138A1 - Druckluft-schalldämpfer für pneumatische anwendungen - Google Patents
Druckluft-schalldämpfer für pneumatische anwendungenInfo
- Publication number
- EP2082138A1 EP2082138A1 EP08707762A EP08707762A EP2082138A1 EP 2082138 A1 EP2082138 A1 EP 2082138A1 EP 08707762 A EP08707762 A EP 08707762A EP 08707762 A EP08707762 A EP 08707762A EP 2082138 A1 EP2082138 A1 EP 2082138A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sound
- compressed air
- sound absorption
- air
- silencer according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 71
- 230000003584 silencer Effects 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000030279 gene silencing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101100008048 Caenorhabditis elegans cut-4 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009420 retrofitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B21/00—Common features of fluid actuator systems; Fluid-pressure actuator systems or details thereof, not covered by any other group of this subclass
- F15B21/008—Reduction of noise or vibration
Definitions
- the invention relates to a pneumatic silencer for pneumatic applications, with a sound absorption device, which is penetrated by an air duct, which is formed by a length section of an obstacle-free between an air inlet and an air outlet opening to the atmosphere extending air passageway.
- a compressed air silencer of this type known from DE 20205068 U1 contains a sound absorption device consisting of a porous material, which is penetrated by an air passage channel which opens out to the atmosphere via a frontal air outlet opening.
- the compressed air silencer is connected to a pneumatic device, for example to the outlet of an ejector device, causing damping of the outflow noise of the compressed air.
- the sound-absorbing effect is predominantly based on absorption of the sound energy in the sound absorption device.
- the continuous air passage allows unimpeded passage of compressed air and thus prevents contamination of the Schalldämpfmaterials.
- the impurities contained in the compressed air are expelled through the air duct to the atmosphere.
- the known compressed air silencer is problematic in connection with high compressed air throughput. River.
- the resulting high flow velocities can cause a relatively loud whistling sound. Therefore, the known compressed air silencer is mainly suitable for applications with moderate flow velocities.
- DE 100 11 023 A1 discloses a silencer which has no sound insulation or absorption material.
- the sound attenuation is based here on the fact that the compressed air is deflected several times and flows through a passage area from an inlet chamber into an outlet chamber, which is laterally offset from the inlet opening.
- a muffler which is lined throughout with damping material and has numerous intermediate walls with staggered openings. At the exit of the muffler is located as an obstacle in the Air duct a porous filter material that can foul over time and degrade the performance of the muffler.
- a silencer known from DE 31 30 292 C2 is completely closed on the face side and contains a sleeve-shaped damper insert through which the compressed air passes. Again, the performance will gradually decrease because the damper insert acts as a filter and can contaminate contaminants entrained in the compressed air.
- An object of the invention is thus to provide a moderate-length even at high flow rates of compressed air an effective sound attenuation causing compressed air silencer.
- additional sound damping means are provided which have an expansion chamber adjoining the sound absorption device on the air outlet side and having a larger cross section than the air outlet opening of the air duct. 20 outlet opening facing opposite end wall of at least one laterally offset to the Heilaustritts ⁇ réelle arranged without overlapping air outlet passage is interspersed and the expansion chamber facing a sound absorption layer and the sound absorption layer on its back side facing away from the 2s expansion chamber rear flanking sound reflection layer.
- the at least one air outlet channel preferably extends parallel to the longitudinal axis of the air duct, in particular having a straight course.
- the sound absorbing layer of the end wall when it is exposed on its front side facing the expansion chamber so that the sound waves from the expansion chamber can enter unhindered.
- Different designs are conceivable for the sound reflection layer. It can be completely closed apart from the at least one air outlet channel. But even with an air-permeable in other zones and thus also sound-permeable design is still an effective reflection behavior.
- the at least one air outlet channel passing through the end wall opens into the expansion chamber in the outer edge region.
- the output channel section of the air duct leading into the expansion chamber is shorter and has a smaller cross section than an upstream side channel section. Impurities are ejected particularly effectively when a gradually tapered conical transition section is formed between the two channel sections.
- the sound absorption device it has proved to be advantageous, at least partially, not to cover the outer circumference, so that portions of the air duct entering the air duct can be covered. compressed air can escape radially through the sound absorption device to the environment.
- the sound absorption device can be completely uncovered or, for example, enclosed in a cage-like manner by a housing that prevents mechanical damage.
- the sound absorption layer and the sound reflection layer can be materially connected to one another, for example by gluing or mutual molding during their production.
- a plate-shaped design lends itself here in particular, in particular disc-like with a circular outer contour.
- the compressed air silencer may be modular, which may also allow retrofitting existing, conventional silencer.
- the expansion chamber with the end wall are part of a supplementary module which can be attached or attached to a basic module containing the sound absorption device.
- the attachment can be effected for example by a screw connection or preferably a latching connection.
- a supplementary module which is particularly easy to implement contains two shell elements which are placed alongside each other to form a support sleeve, in which a plate-shaped sound absorption element forming the sound absorption layer is held in intended receptacles.
- the sound-reflecting layer can also be installed in this manner, but is preferably composed of bulkhead-like radially inwardly projecting, integral with the shell elements wall sections that complement each other to the reflection layer.
- For the secure cohesion of the support sleeve may be provided via an attached mounting sleeve over which expediently also the attachment to the base module takes place.
- the additional Schalldämpfstoff can be designed to achieve a multi-level soundproofing.
- a further expansion chamber can adjoin the end wall of the expansion chamber as a further step, which is delimited by a further end wall, which is penetrated by at least one further air outlet duct offset to the air outlet duct.
- the further end wall contains a sound absorbing layer accessible to the sound entering the further expansion chamber.
- several such additional silencer units can be connected in series, although tests have shown that the best possible compromise between soundproofing and structural length of the silencer is achieved with just one further silencer unit.
- all the sound-damping units of the additional sound-damping means are combined in one and the same supplementary module.
- a modular construction is also conceivable in that a plurality of supplementary modules each comprising at least one silencing unit are provided, which can be strung together in any desired number.
- the compressed air silencer despite the open variant providing an air passage for the compressed air, leads to a relatively low sound pressure level.
- there is a self-cleaning effect which is due to the fact that impurities such as dirt particles or aerosols are discharged through the open air passageway back to the atmosphere.
- a sound damper kit which equipped with a sound absorption basic modules can be equipped with additional modules as needed.
- the muffler can be implemented with relatively small dimensions and with a small number of components as a whole.
- FIG. 1 shows a side view of a preferred embodiment of the compressed air silencer according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows an end view of the compressed air silencer with viewing direction according to arrow II from FIG. 1,
- FIG. 4 shows the compressed air silencer in an exploded view, wherein a support sleeve, which is preferably used, of a supplementary module is shown both in the assembled state and in the still separated state,
- Figure 5 shows the arrangement of Figure 4 from a different angle
- Figure 6 shows a shell element of the support sleeve in a perspective detail view.
- a section of a pneumatic device 1 is indicated by dash-dot lines, through which compressed air flows during its operation, which the device has an outlet. leaves lasskanal 2.
- the pneumatic device 1 can be, for example, a valve, an ejector device that can be used to generate negative pressure, or a pneumatic drive. This list is not to be understood as exhaustive.
- an inventive compressed air silencer 3 is connected to the end section of the outlet channel 2.
- This has at one end a Befest Trentsab- lo cut 4, which is particularly suitable for releasable attachment to the pneumatic device 1.
- Befest Trentsab- lo cut 4 is particularly suitable for releasable attachment to the pneumatic device 1.
- it is a thread section provided with an external thread, which can be screwed detachably into the outlet channel 2.
- “Silencer” referred compressed air muffler 3 has an elongated shape, wherein it has at its one end face - in the region of the attachment portion 4 - an air inlet 5 and at the opposite end
- the muffler 3 is modular. It has 30 a the air inlet 5 exhibiting basic module 8 and on The basic module 8 is equipped with first Schalldämpfmittein 12, the supplementary module 5 9 contains the first Schalldämpfstoffn 12 operatively downstream additional second Schalldämpfstoff 13th
- the first sound damping means 12 of the basic module 8 consist of an example of a cartridge-shaped sound absorption device 14.
- This is an elongated loosely, which consists of a sound-absorbing material, in particular an air-permeable porous material, for example a sintered material.
- a sound-absorbing material in particular an air-permeable porous material, for example a sintered material.
- not the entire volume of the sound absorbing device 14 is occupied by this sound absorbing material. It is much more so that the sound absorption device 14 is linearly penetrated in the direction of its longitudinal axis by an air duct 15 forming a longitudinal section of the air passage 7, through which the compressed air can flow and around which a sound-absorbing material is formed.
- the air duct 15 has an air inlet 5 facing and aligned coaxially with this air inlet opening 16. Opposite ends of the air duct 15 with an axially oriented, preferably centrally in the cross-sectional area 25 of the sound absorption device 14 arranged air outlet opening 17th
- the compressed air entering via the air inlet 5 can flow through the sound absorption device 14 axially without hindrance. However, a certain proportion of the compressed air also exits radially from the sound absorption device 14 to the atmosphere on the circumference, after it has its peripheral, porous surface Wall has flowed through. This is due to the fact that the sound absorption device 14 is at least partially uncovered on its outer periphery 18 and has free connection to the atmosphere. In order to realize this, the sound absorption device 14 could be designed to be completely uncovered with sufficient strength on the outer circumference. However, it is preferably enclosed by a cage-like structured sleeve section 22 of a base module housing 23, which also has the fastening section 4.
- the sleeve portion 22 has a plurality of circumferentially spaced around the outer periphery 18 of the sound absorbing device 14 arranged around window-like openings 24, which allow an air outlet.
- Sound waves resulting from the compressed air flow through the air duct 15 pass into the wall of the sound absorber 14 and are partially absorbed therein. Since the sound absorption device 14 is not housed in a closed space, the sound waves entering the sound absorption material are hardly reflected and can escape to the environment through the uncovered due to the window-like openings 24 areas of the outer periphery 18.
- the air duct 15 expediently has a in the direction of flowing according to arrows 25 compressed air reducing cross section.
- the air duct 15 contains an inlet-side duct section 26 of relatively large cross-section extending from the air inlet opening 16, to which an exit-side duct section 27 extending coaxially and extending up to the air outlet opening 17 adjoins, which has a substantially smaller cross-section than the entrance side.
- tige channel section 26 has. It expediently also falls much shorter than the input-side channel section 26.
- the air duct 15 has a straight course, with its longitudinal axis 28 coinciding with the longitudinal axis of the sound absorption device 14.
- the air duct 15 may have a conical transition section 32 indicated by dash-dotted lines.
- the sound absorption device 14 is designed cup-like. It contains a substantially hollow-cylindrical side wall enclosing the inlet-side channel section 26 and an adjoining floor penetrated by the outlet-side channel section 27.
- the muffler 3 is already effective without the supplementary module 9 equipped with the second muffling means 13. Because of the outflow noise occurring at high throughput of the exiting at the air outlet opening 17 compressed air, the sole use of the basic module 8, however, recommended only for applications with lower to medium air flow.
- the second sound damping means 13 comprise two first and second sound damping units 33, 34 arranged one behind the other in the direction of the longitudinal axis 28.
- the second sound damping device 34 is optional but may be required also be supplemented by one or more similar Schalldämpfmaschineen.
- the first silencing unit 33 includes a multi-layered first end wall 35, which faces the end face 36 of the sound absorption device 14 at a small distance, so that a first expansion chamber 37 having a small height in the direction of the longitudinal axis 28 is defined therebetween.
- the cross section of the first expansion chamber 37 transversely to the longitudinal axis 28 is substantially larger than that of the air outlet opening 17, wherein it expediently has a circular outline. It is arranged coaxially to the air outlet opening 17, so that the latter opens centrally into the first expansion chamber 37.
- a single first air outlet channel 38 passes through the first end wall 35, in such a way transversely to the longitudinal axis 28 laterally offset from the air outlet opening 17, that it does not overlap with this, viewed in the direction of the longitudinal axis 28.
- the first air outlet channel is spaced from the air outlet opening 17, wherein the distance may be a multiple of the channel diameter.
- the first air outlet channel 38 is arranged so that it goes away in the radially outer edge region of the first expansion chamber 37 thereof.
- the first expansion chamber 37 belongs to the first silencing unit 33 together with the first end wall 35.
- the first end wall 35 is followed, in the direction of the longitudinal axis 28, by a second expansion chamber 42 by a second expansion chamber 42. te end wall 43.
- the second expansion chamber 42 has only a small axial height.
- the second end wall 43 is penetrated by a second air outlet channel 44, which is parallel to the first air outlet channel 38 and is arranged laterally offset from the longitudinal axis 28 to the first air outlet channel 38 and does not overlap transversely with the latter.
- the two air outlet channels 38, 44 are arranged in diametrically opposite areas.
- the channel opening of the second air outlet channel 44, which is opposite to the second expansion chamber 42, on the outer end face 45 of the second end wall 43 facing away from the first end wall 35 forms the above-mentioned air outlet 6.
- the air passageway 7 is still in addition to the i5 air duct 15 from the two expansion chambers
- the first end wall 35 is penetrated by a plurality of first air outlet channels 38 spaced transversely to the longitudinal axis 28, which are then all arranged such that no overlap with the air outlet opening 17 results. Is the second end wall
- the first end wall 35 has a multilayer construction. 30 It contains a first expansion chamber 37 immediately delimiting first sound absorption layer 46, which deals with Exception of the first air outlet channel 38 extends over the entire cross section of the first expansion chamber 37. It consists of a sound-absorbing material, in particular of a porous material, for example a sintered material al.
- a first sound reflection layer 47 arranged on the rear side of the first sound absorption layer 46 opposite the first expansion chamber 37 is present, which provides sound-reflecting properties.
- it consists of a gastight plastic material.
- the first sound reflection layer 47 does not have to be completely unbroken.
- the first sound reflection layer 47 in addition to the first air outlet channel 30, 38, also includes a plurality of further openings 48 interspersed, which is associated with no breakthrough of the first sound absorption layer 46. However, they are outside the center of the first end wall 35. It has proven to be advantageous if the first sound reflection layer 47 is formed closed at least in the air outlet opening 17 of the air duct 15 axially opposite region. This closed area is indicated at 52.
- the second end wall 43 contains a second sound absorption layer 53, which in terms of its configuration expediently matches that of the first sound absorption layer 46.
- the second end wall 43 could consist exclusively of the second sound absorption layer 53.
- a sound-reflecting additional layer 54 is disposed in front of it on the side facing the second expansion chamber 42.
- the additional sound-reflecting layer 54 is penetrated by a plurality of apertures 55 which provide a free connection between the second expansion chamber 42 and the second sound absorption layer 53.
- the layers 46, 47 and 53, 54 of a respective end wall 35, 43 are formed as separate Wande- elements, which are juxtaposed and held by suitable means in touch contact. Deviating from this, however, the layers could also each be connected directly to one another firmly, for example by gluing or welding.
- the supplementary module 9 on a support sleeve 56 which carries the various layers 46, 47, 53, 54.
- This load sleeve 56 consists in the embodiment of two circular arc-shaped curved shell elements 57a, 57b with a circumferential extent of 180 °, which are juxtaposed with their open sides ahead in accordance with arrows 58 alongside 5 and between them, the various layers 46, 47, 53, 54 record.
- the support sleeve 56 containing the aforementioned layers is inserted coaxially into a fastening sleeve 62 for securing the position of its shell elements 57a, 57b, which is illustrated by arrow 63.
- This fastening sleeve 62 which likewise belongs to the supplementary module 9, can be attached coaxially to the base module 9 and can preferably be fixed thereto in a particularly detachable manner by latching connection means 64.
- the latching connection means 64 comprise a plurality of retaining arms 64a, which extend axially away from the cage-like sleeve section 22 and are elastically bendable transversely to the longitudinal axis 28, which can engage in an annular groove 64b on the inner circumference of the fastening sleeve 62.
- a circlip 65 is responsible, for example, which can be inserted into the fastening sleeve 62 following the support sleeve 56.
- receptacles 66 are formed, in particular in the form of groove-like depressions into which the preferably plate-shaped first and second sound absorption layers 46, 53 are inserted with their outer edge portion.
- 3o means 67 in particular in the form of mutually complementary flattenings in the receptacles 66 and on the outer periphery of the plat- tenförmigen sound absorption layers 46, 53, ensure a fixed angular alignment between the sound absorption layers 46, 53, so that the air outlet channels 38, 44 always keep the desired mutual distance.
- two thin-walled wall sections 68a, 68b protrude radially inwards at the same axial height in the manner of a channel. They complement each other in the assembled state of the support sleeve 56 to the first sound reflection layer 47 and the sound-reflecting additional layer 54. Due to the formed in the wall sections 68a, 68b openings 48, 55 results in a symmetrical structure of the support sleeve 56, so that their orientation during assembly at the basic module 8 is arbitrary, which excludes confusion.
- a correspondingly shorter support sleeve 56 can be used, which then only has to have wall sections 68a, 68b for forming the first sound-reflecting layer 47.
- the expansion chambers 37, 42 are not provided on the radially oriented outer circumference with sound-absorbing material, but expediently limited by a sound-reflecting wall, which is formed by way of example by the support sleeve 56.
- the air passage channel 7 as a whole does not extend linearly, but changes its direction several times within the second sound damping means 13, but nevertheless does not change its course Flow obstacles such as porous material or other filter material are present, so that the risk of clogging is largely excluded.
- the silencer 3 meets high safety requirements. Contamination of the compressed air caused by contamination, which could cause malfunctions in connected pneumatic devices, is reliably avoided.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007011455A DE102007011455A1 (de) | 2007-03-09 | 2007-03-09 | Druckluft-Schalldämpfer für pneumatische Anwendungen |
| PCT/EP2008/001260 WO2008110252A1 (de) | 2007-03-09 | 2008-02-19 | Druckluft-schalldämpfer für pneumatische anwendungen |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2082138A1 true EP2082138A1 (de) | 2009-07-29 |
| EP2082138B1 EP2082138B1 (de) | 2010-08-04 |
Family
ID=39456466
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08707762A Not-in-force EP2082138B1 (de) | 2007-03-09 | 2008-02-19 | Druckluft-schalldämpfer für pneumatische anwendungen |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2082138B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE476603T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE102007011455A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2008110252A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4339048B1 (de) * | 2022-09-13 | 2025-07-30 | KNORR-BREMSE Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH | Verbesserter schalldämpfer für druckgassysteme |
| EP4339046B1 (de) * | 2022-09-13 | 2025-07-16 | KNORR-BREMSE Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH | Geräuscharmer modularer schalldämpfer für nutzfahrzeuge |
| EP4339047A1 (de) * | 2022-09-13 | 2024-03-20 | KNORR-BREMSE Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH | Schalldämpfer mit schürze für druckgassysteme |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE394311B (sv) * | 1974-06-19 | 1977-06-20 | A H Andersson | Ljuddempare |
| US4324314A (en) | 1980-09-30 | 1982-04-13 | Ross Operating Valve Company | Muffler |
| DE3130292C2 (de) * | 1981-07-31 | 1984-02-09 | Festo-Maschinenfabrik Gottlieb Stoll, 7300 Esslingen | Schalldämpfer zur Verwendung an druckluftbetriebenen Einrichtungen |
| DE19608273A1 (de) * | 1996-03-05 | 1997-09-11 | Eberspaecher J Gmbh & Co | Kombinierter Reflexions-Absorptions-Abgas-Schalldämpfer in Mehrkammerbauweise |
| DE19825151B4 (de) * | 1998-06-05 | 2005-01-27 | Detlef Joniskeit | Schalldämpfer für Pneumatikventile |
| DE10011023A1 (de) * | 2000-03-07 | 2001-09-13 | Wolfgang Riese | Schalldämpfer für Kompressoren |
| DE20205068U1 (de) | 2002-03-30 | 2002-08-29 | FESTO AG & Co., 73734 Esslingen | Druckluft-Schalldämpfer |
| DE202004005746U1 (de) | 2004-04-13 | 2004-06-17 | Festo Ag & Co. | Schalldämpfersystem |
| JP2005344640A (ja) * | 2004-06-04 | 2005-12-15 | Fujitsubo Giken Kogyo Kk | 自動車用消音器 |
-
2007
- 2007-03-09 DE DE102007011455A patent/DE102007011455A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-02-19 EP EP08707762A patent/EP2082138B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-02-19 AT AT08707762T patent/ATE476603T1/de active
- 2008-02-19 WO PCT/EP2008/001260 patent/WO2008110252A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2008-02-19 DE DE502008001073T patent/DE502008001073D1/de active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2008110252A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE502008001073D1 (de) | 2010-09-16 |
| ATE476603T1 (de) | 2010-08-15 |
| DE102007011455A1 (de) | 2008-09-11 |
| WO2008110252A1 (de) | 2008-09-18 |
| EP2082138B1 (de) | 2010-08-04 |
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