EP2073344A2 - Machine à courant continu - Google Patents

Machine à courant continu Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2073344A2
EP2073344A2 EP20080105985 EP08105985A EP2073344A2 EP 2073344 A2 EP2073344 A2 EP 2073344A2 EP 20080105985 EP20080105985 EP 20080105985 EP 08105985 A EP08105985 A EP 08105985A EP 2073344 A2 EP2073344 A2 EP 2073344A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
machine according
pole housing
magnets
permanent magnets
pole
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP20080105985
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Siegfried Schustek
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2073344A2 publication Critical patent/EP2073344A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
    • H02K23/02—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting
    • H02K23/04—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting having permanent magnet excitation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/17—Stator cores with permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/14—Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a DC machine according to the preamble of the independent claim.
  • a DC machine in the embodiment known as a starter for cranking internal combustion engines in motor vehicles, which has on the inner circumference of an annular pole housing for energizing the machine permanent magnets.
  • a DC motor designed as a starter for internal combustion engines with higher-value permanent magnets, in particular with FeNdB permanent magnets, instead of ferrite magnets for increasing the engine power.
  • a DC machine for a starter system of vehicle engines which has an annular pole housing, on the inner circumference of a holding device permanent magnets and flux guides are attached.
  • a permanent magnet and a flux guide which are clamped in the pockets and together form the stator poles.
  • magnets ferrite magnets are used.
  • a part of the magnets is replaced by a piece of soft iron as a flux guide. In this way, the idle speed can be increased and increase the short-circuit torque of the engine.
  • the corresponding values for the operating point of the machine can also be increased slightly.
  • the ferrite magnets used are relatively thick in such machines, resulting in a large design.
  • the number of parts and the assembly work for the machine are also high, since the magnets and the flux guides must be mounted individually with the help of an additional, in the machine to be positioned and fastened holding cage.
  • the DC machine according to the invention with the features of the independent claim has the advantage that without increasing the volume of construction, the performance of the machine can be increased while reducing the manufacturing and the cost of materials.
  • the higher-quality permanent magnets provide the necessary to increase performance and the required for the magnetic yoke of greater thickness of the yoke yoke of the pole housing opens up the possibility of a one-piece design of the flux conductors and the pole housing.
  • rare earth magnets preferably FeNdB magnets
  • the latter have a remanence of about 1000-1200 mT, which is almost three times the value of conventional ferrite magnets.
  • a minimum value for the remanence of the permanent magnets used according to the invention is approximately 600 mT.
  • An admixture of dysprosium increases the corrosion resistance of the magnets, especially with FeNdB magnets.
  • FeNdB magnets it is also possible in principle to use SmCo magnets, which, however, are considerably more expensive than FeNdB magnets.
  • the pole housing is solid and the flux guides are formed by forming the material of the pole housing.
  • the Flußleit technicallye can either be formed by depressed portions of the pole housing or molded by kneading the iron material of the pole housing out of this.
  • both the formed by material deformation of the pole housing as well as the produced during stamping of the pole housing from the sheets flux guides have the shape of ring segments.
  • This also applies to the shape of the permanent magnets, because in such, adapted to the shape of the pole housing and the working air gap design of the flux guides and the magnets, the size of the machine can be kept small.
  • ring segment-shaped FeNdB permanent magnets are much more expensive than cuboidal magnets, so that a cost can be provided in accordance with a punched pocket for receiving parallelepiped permanent magnets for cost savings in the laminated design of the pole housing in the sheet metal section.
  • each at least one wave-shaped spring which is supported in the circumferential direction on the one hand to the Flussleit congressen and on the other hand to the magnets of the Nachbarpols.
  • the coverage by the flux guides according to the invention is about 0.25 to 0.32.
  • the remaining space between the permanent magnet and the subsequent flux guide is approximately the same order of magnitude as the coverage by the flux conductors.
  • the magnet thickness is approximately equal to the iron thickness of the pole housing.
  • an air gap between the stator and rotor of the machine is left in the circumferential direction between the permanent magnet and the Flussleit Swissen at least in the order of the working air gap.
  • the amount of FeNdB material can be slightly reduced at the same flux, since the magnetic short circuit is reduced by the flux guide at the magnetic edge.
  • the formation of this air gap is expediently generated by at least one projection pointing in the circumferential direction on the side surface of the flux guide piece facing the permanent magnet.
  • a starter 10 for an internal combustion engine This has a starter motor 13 and an engagement relay 16.
  • the starter motor 13 and the engagement relay 16 are attached to a common drive bearing plate 19.
  • the starter motor 13 serves to drive a starting pinion 22 when it is meshed in the ring gear 25 of the internal combustion engine, not shown here.
  • the starter motor 13 has a pole housing 28 which carries permanent magnetically excited poles 31 on its inner circumference.
  • the pole shoes 31 in turn surround an armature 37, which has an armature packet 43 constructed from fins 40 and an armature winding 49 arranged in grooves 46.
  • the armature package 43 is pressed onto a drive shaft 44.
  • a commutator 52 is further attached, the u.a. composed of individual commutator fins 55.
  • the commutator bars 55 are electrically connected in a known manner with the armature winding 49, that when current flows through the commutator fins 55 by carbon brushes 58, a rotational movement of the armature 37 in the pole housing 28 results.
  • the drive shaft 44 is commutator side supported with a shaft journal 64 in a sliding bearing 67, which in turn is held stationary in a commutator bearing cover 70.
  • the commutator 70 is in turn secured by means of tie rods 73 which are arranged distributed over the circumference of the pole tube 28 (screws, for example, 2, 3 or 4 pieces) in the drive bearing plate 19. It is based on the pole housing 28 on the drive bearing plate 19, and the commutator bearing cover 70 on the pole housing 28th
  • a so-called sun gear 80 connects to the armature 37, which is part of a planetary gear 83.
  • the sun gear 80 is surrounded by a plurality of planet wheels 86, usually three planet wheels 86, which are supported by means of roller bearings 89 on journals 92.
  • the planet wheels 86 roll in a ring gear 95, which is mounted on the outside in the pole housing 28.
  • the planetary gears 86 are followed by a planet carrier 98, in which the axle journals 92 are received are.
  • the planet carrier 98 is in turn stored in an intermediate storage 101 and a slide bearing 104 arranged therein.
  • the intermediate bearing 101 is designed cup-shaped, that in this both the planet carrier 98, and the planet wheels 86 are added.
  • the ring gear 95 is arranged in the cup-shaped intermediate bearing 101, which is ultimately closed by a cover 107 relative to the armature 37.
  • the intermediate bearing 101 is supported with its outer circumference on the inside of the pole housing 28.
  • the armature 37 has on the end facing away from the commutator 52 end of the drive shaft 44 has a further shaft journal 110, which is also received in a sliding bearing 113, from.
  • the sliding bearing 113 in turn is received in a central bore of the planet carrier 98.
  • the planetary carrier 98 is integrally connected to the output shaft 116.
  • This output shaft 116 is supported with its end 119 facing away from the intermediate bearing 101 in a further bearing 122 which is fixed in the drive bearing plate 19.
  • the output shaft 116 is divided into various sections.
  • the section which is arranged in the sliding bearing 104 of the intermediate bearing 101, in particular for starters for trucks follows a section with a so-called spur toothing 125 (internal toothing), which is part of a so-called shaft-hub connection .
  • spur toothing 125 internal toothing
  • the shaft-hub connection 128 allows for a straight toothing the axially straight-line sliding of a driver 131.
  • This driver 131 is a sleeve-like extension which is integral with a cup-shaped outer ring 132 of the freewheel 137.
  • This freewheel 137 (Richtgesperre) further consists of the inner ring 140 which is disposed radially within the outer ring 132.
  • the inner ring 140 is formed integrally with the starter pinion 22 and its helical teeth 143 (external helical teeth).
  • the push-in relay 16 has a bolt 150, which is an electrical contact and which is connected to the positive pole of an electric starter battery, which is not shown here.
  • This bolt 150 is passed through a relay cover 153.
  • This relay cover 153 terminates a relay housing 156, which is fastened by means of a plurality of fastening elements 159 (screws) on the drive end plate 19.
  • a pull-in winding 162 and a so-called holding winding 165 is further arranged.
  • the pull-in winding 162 and the holding winding 165 each cause an electromagnetic field in the switched-on state, which flows through both the relay housing 156 (made of electromagnetically conductive material), a linearly movable armature 168 and an armature return 171.
  • the armature 168 carries a push rod 174, which is moved in the direction of linear retraction of the armature 168 in the direction of a switching pin 177. With this movement of the push rod 174 to the switching pin 177 this is moved from its rest position in the direction of two contacts 180 and 181, so that attached to the end of the switching pin 177 contact bridge 184 connects both contacts 180 and 181 electrically. This is from the bolt 150th electrical power over the contact bridge 184 away to the power supply 61 and thus led to the carbon brushes 58.
  • the starter motor 13 is energized.
  • the engagement relay 16 or the armature 168 also has the task, with a tension member 187 to move the drive bearing plate 19 rotatably arranged lever.
  • This lever 190 usually designed as a fork lever, surrounds with two "tines" not shown here on its outer circumference two discs 193 and 194 to move a trapped between these driver ring 197 to the freewheel 137 back against the resistance of the spring 200 and thereby the starter pinion 22 technicallyspuren in the ring gear 25.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the stator of a DC machine with a pole housing 28 formed of solid iron, to which by deformation of material when pressed in the areas 29 flux conductors 33 are formed.
  • the flux guides are designed ring segment-like and together with permanent magnets 32, the poles 31 of the stator.
  • the positioning and locking of the permanent magnets 32 on the inner circumference of the pole housing 28 is carried out by a respective wave-shaped spring 34, their design and arrangement FIG. 5 is more clearly recognizable.
  • On the inner circumference of the pole housing 28 six permanent magnets and six flux conductors and thus six poles 31 are formed in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the circular segment-like shape of the flux guides 33 and the permanent magnets 32 together with the contact pressure of the spring 34 secures the positioning of the parts on the inner circumference of the pole housing 28.
  • the total pole coverage is 0.7 to 0.8, the proportion of the flux conductors being between 0.25 and 0.32.
  • the thickness d of the magnets corresponds approximately to the iron thickness D of the pole housing 28, wherein the wall thickness of the pole housing 28 can be reduced in the middle region of the permanent magnets 32 because of the lower magnetic saturation present there this is indicated by the dashed line 30.
  • the pole housing 28 is pressed into the regions 29 of both openings of the pole housing 28 is inserted a two-part support tool, which is not shown in the figure.
  • This embodiment assumes that the flux guides 33 are about twice as wide as the wall thickness D of the pole housing 28, so that the iron cross-section over the edge the permanent magnet 32 is not too thin next to the indented areas 29.
  • the wall thickness D of the pole housing 28 are made thicker than would be required magnetically.
  • the pole housing has a constant wall thickness.
  • Another way of producing the flux-conducting pieces 33 by mechanical deformation of the iron material of the pole housing 28 is indicated graphically by the dotted lines 39 on the circumference of the pole housing over the flux-conducting pieces 33.
  • This alternative type of production uses a tubular pole housing 28 with an enlarged diameter, wherein the iron material is brought to the desired diameter and the desired wall thickness D by kneading the material in the region of the permanent magnets 32 via a support tool, not shown, and the flow guide pieces 33 are formed from the excess material become.
  • the wall thickness of the pole housing 28 is maintained over the magnetic edges.
  • this embodiment corresponds to the arrangement described above.
  • an additional material savings can be achieved in that the axially projecting beyond the magnets 32 parts of the pole housing 28 are executed with unchanged outer diameter with a reduced wall thickness to half. It also follows the possibility to accommodate brushes with greater wear length.
  • FIG. 3 shows a design of the pole housing 28 of individual stamped lamellae, from which by packaging the pole housing is formed.
  • the same reference numerals as in FIG. 2 selected.
  • FIG. 3 Furthermore, deviating from the execution according to FIG. 2 are in FIG. 3 no cup-shaped but cuboid permanent magnets 32 inserted into the pockets 38 of the laminated core of the pole housing 28, which are less expensive than ring segment magnets.
  • the webs 41 are made thin in consideration of the resulting magnetic short circuit.
  • the lateral gaps 35 between the permanent magnets 32 and the flux guides 33 are bilateral the magnets provided. These gaps 35 are also extended to the working air gap, so that in this area a saturation web 42 is formed with a length which is greater than the width of the working air gap.
  • On retaining springs 34 can be omitted in this embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the pole housing 28 for a small-power machine
  • the thickness d of the permanent magnets 32 would be very low in a magnet assembly of all poles and would be less than 2 mm, for example.
  • the execution corresponds to FIG. 4 largely those in FIG. 2 ,
  • the fixation of the magnets 32 is again by springs 34, their design and arrangement in FIG. 5 is shown separately.
  • FIG. 5 shows a development of the stator seen from the rotor, wherein in the region of the axial extent of the permanent magnets 32 and the flux guides 33, a wave-shaped spring 34 is arranged.
  • This can optionally consist of round wire or flat wire and describe one or more waves.
  • the spring 34 made of spring steel is supported on the one hand on a magnet 32 and on the other hand on a flux guide 33 and thus secures the locking of the magnets on the pole housing 28 without additional aids.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
EP20080105985 2007-12-19 2008-12-16 Machine à courant continu Withdrawn EP2073344A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200710061381 DE102007061381A1 (de) 2007-12-19 2007-12-19 Gleichstrommaschine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2073344A2 true EP2073344A2 (fr) 2009-06-24

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20080105985 Withdrawn EP2073344A2 (fr) 2007-12-19 2008-12-16 Machine à courant continu

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EP (1) EP2073344A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102007061381A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011012472A3 (fr) * 2009-07-27 2012-02-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Moteur électrique à excitation par aimant permanent

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010064259B4 (de) * 2010-12-28 2014-09-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektrische Maschine mit einer Magneteinfassung
DE102013213702A1 (de) * 2013-07-12 2015-01-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektrische Maschine zum motorischen Verstellen beweglicher Teile im Kraftfahrzeug, sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen der elektrischen Maschine

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4311227C2 (de) 1993-04-02 1995-05-24 Mannesmann Ag Verbrennungsmotor mit einem Anlasser
DE19726726C2 (de) 1997-03-07 1999-09-16 Bosch Gmbh Robert Freiausstoßender Starter
DE10148652A1 (de) 2001-10-02 2003-04-17 Bosch Gmbh Robert Gleichstrommaschine und Verfahren zum Befestigen von Magneten an einem Polgehäuse einer Gleichstrommaschine

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5953073A (ja) * 1982-09-17 1984-03-27 Nippon Denso Co Ltd 直流機
JPS60131039A (ja) * 1983-12-16 1985-07-12 Mitsubishi Electric Corp モ−タの固定子およびその製造方法
DE3521037A1 (de) * 1985-06-12 1986-12-18 Bosch Gmbh Robert Kommutatormaschine, insbesondere kleinmotor fuer kraftfahrzeuge
JPH0824420B2 (ja) * 1986-03-17 1996-03-06 株式会社日立製作所 永久磁石界磁式直流機
US4980593A (en) * 1989-03-02 1990-12-25 The Balbec Corporation Direct current dynamoelectric machines utilizing high-strength permanent magnets

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4311227C2 (de) 1993-04-02 1995-05-24 Mannesmann Ag Verbrennungsmotor mit einem Anlasser
DE19726726C2 (de) 1997-03-07 1999-09-16 Bosch Gmbh Robert Freiausstoßender Starter
DE10148652A1 (de) 2001-10-02 2003-04-17 Bosch Gmbh Robert Gleichstrommaschine und Verfahren zum Befestigen von Magneten an einem Polgehäuse einer Gleichstrommaschine

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011012472A3 (fr) * 2009-07-27 2012-02-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Moteur électrique à excitation par aimant permanent
JP2013500696A (ja) * 2009-07-27 2013-01-07 ローベルト ボツシユ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング 永久磁石励磁型電気モータ
US8742642B2 (en) 2009-07-27 2014-06-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electric motor with permanent magnet excitation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102007061381A1 (de) 2009-06-25

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