EP2071098A2 - Plastic element for building a floor grid - Google Patents

Plastic element for building a floor grid Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2071098A2
EP2071098A2 EP20080021603 EP08021603A EP2071098A2 EP 2071098 A2 EP2071098 A2 EP 2071098A2 EP 20080021603 EP20080021603 EP 20080021603 EP 08021603 A EP08021603 A EP 08021603A EP 2071098 A2 EP2071098 A2 EP 2071098A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
face
support parts
elements
adjacent
element according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP20080021603
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Di Ralf Gebeshuber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Haidlmair Holding GmbH
Original Assignee
Haidlmair Holding GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Haidlmair Holding GmbH filed Critical Haidlmair Holding GmbH
Publication of EP2071098A2 publication Critical patent/EP2071098A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/10—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C5/20—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units of plastics, e.g. concrete with plastics, linoleum
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C9/00—Special pavings; Pavings for special parts of roads or airfields
    • E01C9/08—Temporary pavings
    • E01C9/086—Temporary pavings made of concrete, wood, bitumen, rubber or synthetic material or a combination thereof
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C2201/00—Paving elements
    • E01C2201/12—Paving elements vertically interlocking
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C2201/00—Paving elements
    • E01C2201/20—Drainage details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an element for forming a floor grille made of plastic.
  • the DE 28 12 008 A1 and the WO 92/20885 show exemplified as plastic injection molded parts to be produced, sheet-like elements which can be coupled to each other by means of lateral connecting elements, so that they together form a floor covering.
  • the elements have on their upper side a substantially flat tread surface. This is usually provided with a gentle profiling to increase the friction, and it is broken in a grid by vertically extending holes. From the bottom of this tread supporting parts protrude downwards, the lower end face rests on the ground. With the upper end side, the support members are integrally connected to the tread.
  • webs extend between the lateral surfaces of adjacent pillars on the underside of the tread surface, which webs connect both the stud line with one another and with the underside of the tread surface.
  • Adjacent support members are spaced from each other and the connecting webs do not protrude as far from the tread surface down as the stub line.
  • the bearing surface of the element on the ground thus consists of the island-like spaced-apart lower end faces of the column line.
  • the support members usually, but not necessarily, are in the form of vertically oriented hollow circular cylinders. For edge regions of floor gratings formed from such elements, there are also ramp-like elements, ie elements whose height increases along an inclined plane.
  • Floor grates of such elements are mainly used in places where much dirt accumulates, for example, in some workplaces in production halls. Dirt, which reaches from the top of such floors can fall or drip through the holes in the tread on the ground, so that the tread remains relatively clean and well-walked despite heavy dirt. By dividing the bearing surface of the elements on the ground in island-like separate small areas, liquids can flow away despite the elements along the substrate along.
  • the inventor has set himself the task to improve the pedaling comfort of formed from such elements floor grids by the individual elements are made more compliant.
  • the lower end faces ie those surfaces which form the lower end of the support members and thus the contact surfaces of the element to the ground, not all arranged in the same plane, but it will be set slightly upwards individual end faces. Without load, this set back face is therefore not on the ground. Only when loaded, the tread surface located above it is deflected under elastic deformation so far that the recessed faces of support members come to rest on the ground. This elastic bending of the face is felt when entering the floor grate as a pleasant softness.
  • the substantially flat tread surface 1 is interrupted by holes 3 and 4. From the bottom of the tread 1 protrude support parts 2.1, 2.2 down. Webs 7 connect both adjacent support members with each other, as well as with the lower side of the tread 1. At the lateral edges of the element mutually complementary connecting elements 6.1, 6.2 are formed by means of which elements can be positively held against each other at least against relative movement in the common covering plane.
  • the invention provides that between two further downwardly projecting, that is longer support members 2.1, at least one support member 2.2 is arranged, which does not protrude so far down, so is shorter, so that its lower end surface at unloaded element by the dimension d ( Fig. 1 ) is set back towards the lower end faces of the longer elements upwards.
  • the center distance between adjacent supporting elements arranged in a square grid is on the order of 5 to 6 cm.
  • Typical wall thicknesses are 2 mm.
  • a typical outer diameter of a typical circular cylindrical jacket support member is 2.5 cm.
  • the circumscribing prism around a typical element may have dimensions of about 40 * 40 * 3.5 cm. In such dimensions very good results are achieved when the face of the 2.2 Stucco 2.2 is set back from that of the support members 2.1 by 3 mm and when in both main directions of the grid of support parts about every second end face of a support member is set back.
  • Such requirements may include, for example, other plastics (for chemical or temperature reasons), other softness, other strength, and / or other external dimensions of the elements.
  • the inventive design of the elements can be significantly improved compared to the prior art constructions comfort, without causing additional costs or a loss of robustness.

Abstract

The element has an upper side including a planar tread (1) connected with an integrated support part that downwardly projects from a lower side of the tread. The support part has a lower front side that lies against a substrate. The element does not lie against the substrate in an area between adjacent front surfaces. Two support parts (2.1, 2.2) are provided such that lower front surfaces of the support parts (2.1, 2.2) lie at different heights. Difference of level between the lower front surfaces is in the range of 1 to 5 millimeters.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Element zur Bildung eines Bodenrostes aus Kunststoff.The invention relates to an element for forming a floor grille made of plastic.

Die DE 28 12 008 A1 und die WO 92/20885 zeigen beispielhaft als Kunststoffspritzgussteile zu fertigende, flächige Elemente, welche mittels seitlichen Verbindungselementen aneinander gekoppelt werden können, sodass sie gemeinsam einen Bodenbelag bilden. Die Elemente weisen an ihrer Oberseite eine im wesentlichen ebene Trittfläche auf. Diese ist üblicherweise mit einer sanften Profilierung versehen um die Reibung zu erhöhen, und sie ist in einem Raster durch vertikal verlaufende Löcher durchbrochen. Von der Unterseite dieser Trittfläche ragen Stützteile nach unten weg, deren untere Stirnseite am Untergrund aufliegt. Mit der oberen Stirnseite sind die Stützteile einstückig mit der Trittfläche verbunden. Aus Stabilitätsgründen erstrecken sich an der Unterseite der Trittfläche zwischen den Mantelflächen benachbarter Stützeile Stege, welche sowohl die Stützeile miteinander als auch mit der Unterseite der Trittfläche verbinden. Benachbarte Stützteile weisen einen Abstand zueinander auf und die verbindenden Stege ragen nicht so weit von der Trittfläche weg nach unten wie die Stützeile. Die Auflagefläche des Elementes am Untergrund besteht also aus den inselartig voneinander beabstandeten unteren Stirnflächen der Stützeile. Von gerundeten Kanten und Entformungsschrägen abgesehen haben die Stützteile üblicherweise - aber nicht notwendigerweise - die Form von vertikal ausgerichteten, hohlen Kreiszylindern. Für Randbereiche von aus derartigen Elementen gebildeten Bodenrosten gibt es auch rampenartige Elemente, also Elemente, deren Höhe entlang einer schiefen Ebene ansteigt.The DE 28 12 008 A1 and the WO 92/20885 show exemplified as plastic injection molded parts to be produced, sheet-like elements which can be coupled to each other by means of lateral connecting elements, so that they together form a floor covering. The elements have on their upper side a substantially flat tread surface. This is usually provided with a gentle profiling to increase the friction, and it is broken in a grid by vertically extending holes. From the bottom of this tread supporting parts protrude downwards, the lower end face rests on the ground. With the upper end side, the support members are integrally connected to the tread. For reasons of stability, webs extend between the lateral surfaces of adjacent pillars on the underside of the tread surface, which webs connect both the stud line with one another and with the underside of the tread surface. Adjacent support members are spaced from each other and the connecting webs do not protrude as far from the tread surface down as the stub line. The bearing surface of the element on the ground thus consists of the island-like spaced-apart lower end faces of the column line. Apart from rounded edges and draft angles, the support members usually, but not necessarily, are in the form of vertically oriented hollow circular cylinders. For edge regions of floor gratings formed from such elements, there are also ramp-like elements, ie elements whose height increases along an inclined plane.

Bodenroste aus derartigen Elementen werden vorwiegend an Orten verwendet an denen viel Schmutz anfällt, beispielsweise an manchen Arbeitsplätzen in Fertigungshallen. Schmutz, welcher von oben auf derartige Böden gelangt, kann durch die Löcher in der Trittfläche auf den Untergrund fallen oder tropfen, sodass die Trittfläche trotz starkem Schmutzanfall relativ sauber und gut begehbar bleibt. Durch die Aufteilung der Auflagefläche der Elemente am Untergrund in inselartig voneinander getrennte kleine Flächen, können Flüssigkeiten trotz der Elemente am Untergrundes entlang wegfließen.Floor grates of such elements are mainly used in places where much dirt accumulates, for example, in some workplaces in production halls. Dirt, which reaches from the top of such floors can fall or drip through the holes in the tread on the ground, so that the tread remains relatively clean and well-walked despite heavy dirt. By dividing the bearing surface of the elements on the ground in island-like separate small areas, liquids can flow away despite the elements along the substrate along.

Der Erfinder hat sich die Aufgabe gestellt, den Trittkomfort an aus derartigen Elementen gebildeten Bodenrosten zu verbessern, indem die einzelnen Elemente nachgiebiger ausgebildet werden.The inventor has set himself the task to improve the pedaling comfort of formed from such elements floor grids by the individual elements are made more compliant.

Zum Lösen der Aufgabe werden die unteren Stirnflächen, also jene Flächen, welche das unteren Ende der Stützteile und damit die Berührungsflächen des Elementes zum Untergrund bilden, nicht alle in der selben Ebene angeordnet, sondern es werden einzelnen Stirnflächen etwas nach oben hin zurückversetzt. Ohne Belastung liegen diese zurückversetzten Stirnfläche daher nicht am Untergrund an. Erst bei Belastung wird die darüber befindliche Trittfläche unter elastischer Verformung so weit durchgebogen, dass auch die zurückversetzten Stirnflächen von Stützteilen am Untergrund zum Anliegen kommen. Dieses elastische Durchbiegen der Stirnfläche ist beim Betreten des Bodenrostes als angenehme Weichheit fühlbar.To solve the problem, the lower end faces, ie those surfaces which form the lower end of the support members and thus the contact surfaces of the element to the ground, not all arranged in the same plane, but it will be set slightly upwards individual end faces. Without load, this set back face is therefore not on the ground. Only when loaded, the tread surface located above it is deflected under elastic deformation so far that the recessed faces of support members come to rest on the ground. This elastic bending of the face is felt when entering the floor grate as a pleasant softness.

Details der Erfindung werden an Hand von Zeichnungen erörtert:Details of the invention will be discussed with reference to drawings:

Fig. 1:Fig. 1:
zeigt etwas stilisiert (scharfe Kanten, keine Entformungsschrägen) eine vertikale Schnittansicht durch einen Teil eines erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Elementes. Die Lage der Schnittebene am Element ist in Fig. 2 dargestellt.shows somewhat stylized (sharp edges, no Entungsungsschrägen) a vertical sectional view through a portion of an inventive element formed. The position of the cutting plane on the element is in Fig. 2 shown.
Fig. 2:Fig. 2:
zeigt eine Ansicht auf die Unterseite des Elementteiles von Fig. 1.shows a view of the underside of the element part of Fig. 1 ,
Fig. 3:3:
zeigt das gesamte Element von Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 in einer perspektivischen Ansicht auf dessen Unterseite.shows the entire element of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 in a perspective view on the underside.

Die im wesentlichen ebene Trittfläche 1 ist durch Bohrungen 3 und 4 unterbrochen. Von der Unterseite der Trittfläche 1 ragen Stützteile 2.1, 2.2 nach unten. Stege 7 verbinden sowohl benachbarte Stützteile miteinander, als auch mit der unteren Seite der Trittfläche 1. An den seitlichen Rändern des Elementes sind zueinander komplementäre Verbindungselemente 6.1, 6.2 angeformt, mit Hilfe derer Elemente zumindest gegen Relativbewegung in der gemeinsamen Belagebene formschlüssig aneinander gehalten werden können.The substantially flat tread surface 1 is interrupted by holes 3 and 4. From the bottom of the tread 1 protrude support parts 2.1, 2.2 down. Webs 7 connect both adjacent support members with each other, as well as with the lower side of the tread 1. At the lateral edges of the element mutually complementary connecting elements 6.1, 6.2 are formed by means of which elements can be positively held against each other at least against relative movement in the common covering plane.

Wie in Fig. 1 gut erkennbar, ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass zwischen zwei weiter nach unten ragenden, also längeren Stützteilen 2.1, mindestens ein Stützteil 2.2 angeordnet ist, welcher nicht so weit nach unten ragt, also kürzer ist, sodass dessen untere Stirnfläche bei unbelastetem Element um das Maß d (Fig. 1) gegenüber den unteren Stirnflächen der längeren Elemente nach oben hin zurückversetzt ist.As in Fig. 1 clearly recognizable, the invention provides that between two further downwardly projecting, that is longer support members 2.1, at least one support member 2.2 is arranged, which does not protrude so far down, so is shorter, so that its lower end surface at unloaded element by the dimension d ( Fig. 1 ) is set back towards the lower end faces of the longer elements upwards.

Bei der für gattungsgemäße Elemente üblichen Auswahl des Kunststoffes aus dem die Elemente gespritzt werden, sind typische Maße:In the usual choice of generic elements of the plastic from which the elements are injected, typical dimensions are:

Der Mittenabstand zwischen benachbarten, in einem quadratischen Raster angeordneten Stützelementen liegt in der Größenordnung von 5 bis 6 cm. Typische Wandstärken sind 2 mm. Ein typischer Außendurchmesser eines typischerweise kreiszylindermantelförmigen Stützteiles ist 2,5 cm. Das umschreibende Prisma um ein typische Element kann etwa die Abmessungen 40 * 40 * 3,5 cm haben. Bei derartigen Dimensionierungen werden sehr gute Ergebnisse erzielt, wenn die Stirnfläche der Stützeile 2.2 gegenüber jener der Stützteile 2.1 um 3 mm zurückversetzt ist und wenn in beiden Hauptrichtungen des Rasters von Stützteilen etwa jeder zweite Stirnfläche eines Stützteil zurückversetzt ist.The center distance between adjacent supporting elements arranged in a square grid is on the order of 5 to 6 cm. Typical wall thicknesses are 2 mm. A typical outer diameter of a typical circular cylindrical jacket support member is 2.5 cm. The circumscribing prism around a typical element may have dimensions of about 40 * 40 * 3.5 cm. In such dimensions very good results are achieved when the face of the 2.2 Stucco 2.2 is set back from that of the support members 2.1 by 3 mm and when in both main directions of the grid of support parts about every second end face of a support member is set back.

Selbstverständlich sind im Rahmen der Erfindung und des fachmännischen Handels von dieser beispielhaften Dimensionierung aus viele, zum Teil durchaus auch sinnvolle Abwandlungen und Anpassungen an speziellere Anforderungen möglich. Solche Anforderungen können beispielsweise andere Kunststoffe (aus chemischen Gründen oder aus Temperaturgründen), andere Weichheit, andere Festigkeit und/oder andere Außenabmessungen der Elemente betreffen.Of course, within the scope of the invention and the expert trade of this exemplary dimensioning of many, sometimes quite useful and adaptations to more specific requirements possible. Such requirements may include, for example, other plastics (for chemical or temperature reasons), other softness, other strength, and / or other external dimensions of the elements.

Es ist vorteilhaft, die einzelnen Elemente so zu gestalten, dass Stützteile 2.1, 2.2 welche zu unterschiedlichen Elementen gehören, aber durch den Zusammenschluss von Elementen zueinander benachbart werden, zueinander bündig liegende unterer Stirnflächen aufweisen. Dass also beidseits der Grenze zwischen benachbarten Elementen jeweils zwei gleiche Stützteile 2.1 oder 2.2 zueinander benachbart sind. Dadurch wird vermieden, dass an der Kante zwischen zwei Elementen ein Höhensprung auftreten kann.It is advantageous to make the individual elements so that support members 2.1, 2.2 which belong to different elements, but are adjacent to each other by the merger of elements, have mutually flush lower end faces. So that on both sides of the boundary between adjacent elements in each case two identical support members 2.1 or 2.2 adjacent to each other. This avoids that a jump in height can occur at the edge between two elements.

Weiters ist es ist vorteilhaft, die einzelnen unteren Stirnflächen der Stützteile 2.1, 2.2 durch Vertiefungen 5, welche Stirnfläche in horizontler Richtung durchbrechen, zu unterbrechen. Damit wird erreicht, dass Flüssigkeit, welche von der oberen Seite der Trittfläche 1 durch die Bohrung 4 in den Hohlraum im kreiszylindermantelförmigen Stützteil eindringt, abfließen kann.Furthermore, it is advantageous to interrupt the individual lower end faces of the support parts 2.1, 2.2 by depressions 5, which face in the horizontal direction break. This ensures that liquid which penetrates from the upper side of the tread surface 1 through the bore 4 into the cavity in the circular cylinder jacket-shaped support member, can flow.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung der Elemente kann gegenüber den vorbekannten Bauweisen der Trittkomfort erheblich verbessert werden, ohne dass dadurch Mehrkosten oder ein Verlust an Robustheit bewirkt werden.The inventive design of the elements can be significantly improved compared to the prior art constructions comfort, without causing additional costs or a loss of robustness.

Claims (5)

Mit gleichen oder gleichartigen Elementen zur Bildung eines Bodenrostes aus Kunststof koppelbares flächiges Element, welches an seiner Oberseite eine im wesentlichen ebene Trittfläche aufweist wobei von der Unterseite der Trittfläche weg einstückig damit verbundene Stützteile nach unten ragen, die mit ihrer unteren Stirnseite am Untergrund zum Anliegen kommen, wobei das Element im Bereich zwischen benachbarten derartigen Stirnflächen nicht am Untergrund anliegt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Element mindestens zwei verschiedene Arten von Stützteilen (2.1, 2.2) aufweist, welche sich dadurch unterscheiden, dass deren untere Stirnflächen in unterschiedlichen Höhen liegen.With the same or similar elements to form a floor grating made of plastic couplable sheet-like element which has a substantially flat tread surface on its upper side away from the bottom of the tread surface integrally connected thereto support parts projecting down, come with their lower end face on the ground for concern , wherein the element in the area between adjacent such end faces does not rest on the ground, characterized in that the element has at least two different types of support parts (2.1, 2.2), which differ in that their lower end faces are at different heights. Element nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Niveauunterschied zwischen den unteren Stirnflächen unterschiedlicher Stützteile (2.1, 2.2) zwischen 1 und 5 mm beträgt.Element according to claim 1, characterized in that the level difference between the lower end faces of different support parts (2.1, 2.2) is between 1 and 5 mm. Element nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen zwei Stützteilen (2.1) mit tiefer liegender unterer Stirnfläche mindestens ein Stützteil (2.2) mit höher liegender Stirnfläche angeordnet ist.Element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that between two support parts (2.1) with lower lying lower end face at least one support part (2.2) is arranged with a higher lying end face. Element nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass über die Grenze zwischen benachbarten Elementen jeweils zwei gleichartige Stützteile (2.1, 2.2) also Stützteile mit gleich tief liegender unterer Stirnseite benachbart sind.Element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that over the boundary between adjacent elements in each case two similar support parts (2.1, 2.2) so supporting parts are adjacent with the same low-lying lower end face. Element nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die untere Stirnfläche eines Stützteiles (2.1, 2.2) durch eine nach unten offene, die Stirnfläche horizontal durchquerende Vertiefung (5) unterbrochen sind.Element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lower end face of a support member (2.1, 2.2) are interrupted by a downwardly open, the end face horizontally traversing recess (5).
EP20080021603 2007-12-14 2008-12-12 Plastic element for building a floor grid Withdrawn EP2071098A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT20352007A AT506104A1 (en) 2007-12-14 2007-12-14 ELEMENT FOR FORMING PLASTIC FLOORING

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EP2071098A2 true EP2071098A2 (en) 2009-06-17

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EP20080021603 Withdrawn EP2071098A2 (en) 2007-12-14 2008-12-12 Plastic element for building a floor grid

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AT (1) AT506104A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2473729C1 (en) * 2011-08-08 2013-01-27 Олег Романович Дутко Grass paver panel

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2812008A1 (en) 1978-03-18 1979-09-20 Lothar Roth Non-slip wet floor cover grating - has cups on tread strip intersection undersides forming support surface
WO1992020885A1 (en) 1991-05-13 1992-11-26 Frank Bentzon A flooring system having joinable tile elements, particularly plastic tiles

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2812008A1 (en) 1978-03-18 1979-09-20 Lothar Roth Non-slip wet floor cover grating - has cups on tread strip intersection undersides forming support surface
WO1992020885A1 (en) 1991-05-13 1992-11-26 Frank Bentzon A flooring system having joinable tile elements, particularly plastic tiles

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2473729C1 (en) * 2011-08-08 2013-01-27 Олег Романович Дутко Grass paver panel

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Publication number Publication date
AT506104A1 (en) 2009-06-15

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