EP2069266B1 - Process for the production of an explosive - Google Patents

Process for the production of an explosive Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2069266B1
EP2069266B1 EP07826235.9A EP07826235A EP2069266B1 EP 2069266 B1 EP2069266 B1 EP 2069266B1 EP 07826235 A EP07826235 A EP 07826235A EP 2069266 B1 EP2069266 B1 EP 2069266B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
emulsion
oil
ammonium nitrate
process according
water
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP07826235.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2069266A2 (en
Inventor
Dave Alfred Tyler
Charl Vermaak
Derek Luke Anthony
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AEL Mining Services Ltd
Original Assignee
AEL Mining Services Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=39157651&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP2069266(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by AEL Mining Services Ltd filed Critical AEL Mining Services Ltd
Priority to PL07826235T priority Critical patent/PL2069266T3/en
Publication of EP2069266A2 publication Critical patent/EP2069266A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2069266B1 publication Critical patent/EP2069266B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
    • C06B31/28—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
    • C06B31/285—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with fuel oil, e.g. ANFO-compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
    • C06B47/14—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase comprising a solid component and an aqueous phase
    • C06B47/145—Water in oil emulsion type explosives in which a carbonaceous fuel forms the continuous phase

Definitions

  • THIS INVENTION relates broadly to ammonium nitrate/fuel oil explosive, also known as ANFO explosive, and hereinafter referred to as ANFO explosive. More particularly, the invention relates to a process for producing an ANFO explosive, and to an ANFO explosive when produced in accordance with the process.
  • a process for producing an ammonium fuel oil (ANFO) explosive, wherein an emulsion comprising diesel fuel oil and water is mixed with ammonium nitrate prills is described in US Patent no. 4,775,431 .
  • ANFO ammonium nitrate fuel oil
  • the lubricating oil may be of the type employed for the lubrication of motor vehicles, such as utility vehicles of the kind used in mines, or for the lubrication of similar machinery.
  • the particulate ammonium nitrate in turn will typically be in the form of porous prills of the type conventionally used for the manufacture of ANFO explosives.
  • the relative proportions of emulsion and ammonium nitrate employed will be more or less conventional, such that, in the product ANFO explosive, the oil forms 5-8% by mass, typically 5-7% by mass, e.g. 6% thereof. In the emulsion, the oil may form 55-86% by mass, preferably 72-78% by mass, e.g. 75% thereof. The balance is thus naturally water. Thus, when the oil forms 75% by mass of the emulsion, water forms 25% by mass thereof.
  • Admixing the oil with the water to form the emulsion may be by means of high-shear mixing, eg by using a high-shear mixer.
  • the admixing may be effected in the presence of a suitable emulsifier/surfactant, which may form 0.2-1.0% by mass of the emulsion, preferably 0.3-0.8%, e.g. 0.5% thereof.
  • emulsifier/surfactant can be added to the oil, to the water and/or to an oil/water mixture, at least a portion of the emulsifier/surfactant may already be present in the oil, so that, at most, only any shortfall in the emulsifier/surfactant is then added to the oil, to the water or to the oil/water mixture.
  • Admixing the emulsion with the porous prilled ammonium nitrate may be in conventional fashion by pumping the emulsion from a source tank and spraying it by means of a nozzle on to the ammonium nitrate which is moved along by the flutes of an auger to provide additional mixing.
  • a concrete mixer or the like may be used to prepare the ANFO explosive on a batch scale.
  • a PPAN:fuel ratio of 95:5-85:15, preferably 94:6-91:9, e.g. 92:8, may be used.
  • the invention extends also to an ANFO explosive when produced in accordance with the process described herein.
  • Mine utility vehicle waste lubricating oil was mixed in a high-shear mixer with water using an emulsifier/surfactant, to form a water-in-oil emulsion.
  • the mixer used was an off-the-shelf mixer marketed under the trade designation Jones Industrial Mixer by Jones Process Equipment as manufacturer; and the emulsifier/surfactant used was an off-the-shelf sorbiton monooleate made by Croda Chemicals (SA) (Pty) Limited, 4 Covora Street, Jet Park, PO Box 1642, 1620 Kempton Park, South Africa.
  • SA Croda Chemicals
  • the emulsion was admixed with PPAN by pumping the emulsion from a source tank and spraying it by means of a nozzle on to the ammonium nitrate prills which were moved along by the flutes of an auger to provide additional mixing, to cause absorption of the emulsion into the PPAN, in a PPAN:emulsion mass ratio of 92:8.
  • the emulsion was found to be absorbed almost immediately into the PPAN to form an ANFO explosive.
  • the ANFO explosive was subjected to detonation tests in comparison with standard ANFO explosive made from PPAN and a fuel comprising Shellsol 2325 (trademark) mining solvent, and was found to behave in comparable fashion as far as plate detonation tests and velocity of detonation (VOD) were concerned.
  • VOD velocity of detonation
  • ANFO explosive comprises, as is typically the case, 5-7% by mass fuel oil, the balance being PPAN, no more than about 2-3% of the ANFO explosive can be waste mine utility vehicle oil, the remaining 3-4% being required to be virgin diesel or Shellsol. This is a disadvantage, because of the cost of the virgin oil, and because of the lowered consumption of used or waste oil.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Description

  • THIS INVENTION relates broadly to ammonium nitrate/fuel oil explosive, also known as ANFO explosive, and hereinafter referred to as ANFO explosive. More particularly, the invention relates to a process for producing an ANFO explosive, and to an ANFO explosive when produced in accordance with the process.
  • A process for producing an ammonium fuel oil (ANFO) explosive, wherein an emulsion comprising diesel fuel oil and water is mixed with ammonium nitrate prills is described in US Patent no. 4,775,431 .
  • According to the invention, broadly, there is provided a process for producing an ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) explosive, the process including:
    • admixing used lubricating oil with water in the absence of any virgin oil to form a fuel consisting of a water-in-oil emulsion; and
    • admixing the emulsion with solid particulate ammonium nitrate to absorb the emulsion into the ammonium nitrate to form an ANFO explosive.
  • More particularly, the lubricating oil may be of the type employed for the lubrication of motor vehicles, such as utility vehicles of the kind used in mines, or for the lubrication of similar machinery. The particulate ammonium nitrate in turn will typically be in the form of porous prills of the type conventionally used for the manufacture of ANFO explosives.
  • The relative proportions of emulsion and ammonium nitrate employed will be more or less conventional, such that, in the product ANFO explosive, the oil forms 5-8% by mass, typically 5-7% by mass, e.g. 6% thereof. In the emulsion, the oil may form 55-86% by mass, preferably 72-78% by mass, e.g. 75% thereof. The balance is thus naturally water. Thus, when the oil forms 75% by mass of the emulsion, water forms 25% by mass thereof.
  • Admixing the oil with the water to form the emulsion may be by means of high-shear mixing, eg by using a high-shear mixer. The admixing may be effected in the presence of a suitable emulsifier/surfactant, which may form 0.2-1.0% by mass of the emulsion, preferably 0.3-0.8%, e.g. 0.5% thereof.
  • While all of the emulsifier/surfactant can be added to the oil, to the water and/or to an oil/water mixture, at least a portion of the emulsifier/surfactant may already be present in the oil, so that, at most, only any shortfall in the emulsifier/surfactant is then added to the oil, to the water or to the oil/water mixture.
  • Admixing the emulsion with the porous prilled ammonium nitrate (PPAN) may be in conventional fashion by pumping the emulsion from a source tank and spraying it by means of a nozzle on to the ammonium nitrate which is moved along by the flutes of an auger to provide additional mixing. To prepare the ANFO explosive on a batch scale, a concrete mixer or the like may be used. A PPAN:fuel ratio of 95:5-85:15, preferably 94:6-91:9, e.g. 92:8, may be used.
  • The invention extends also to an ANFO explosive when produced in accordance with the process described herein.
  • The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying non-limiting illustrative worked Example.
    • EXAMPLE
  • Mine utility vehicle waste lubricating oil was mixed in a high-shear mixer with water using an emulsifier/surfactant, to form a water-in-oil emulsion. The mixer used was an off-the-shelf mixer marketed under the trade designation Jones Industrial Mixer by Jones Process Equipment as manufacturer; and the emulsifier/surfactant used was an off-the-shelf sorbiton monooleate made by Croda Chemicals (SA) (Pty) Limited, 4 Covora Street, Jet Park, PO Box 1642, 1620 Kempton Park, South Africa. After mixing the oil and water into a stable homogeneous emulsion, comprising 0.5% by mass emulsifier/surfactant, 24.5% by mass water and 75% by mass oil, the emulsion was admixed with PPAN by pumping the emulsion from a source tank and spraying it by means of a nozzle on to the ammonium nitrate prills which were moved along by the flutes of an auger to provide additional mixing, to cause absorption of the emulsion into the PPAN, in a PPAN:emulsion mass ratio of 92:8. The emulsion was found to be absorbed almost immediately into the PPAN to form an ANFO explosive.
  • The ANFO explosive was subjected to detonation tests in comparison with standard ANFO explosive made from PPAN and a fuel comprising Shellsol 2325 (trademark) mining solvent, and was found to behave in comparable fashion as far as plate detonation tests and velocity of detonation (VOD) were concerned.
  • The Applicant is aware that used mine utility vehicle oil, which is generated in large volumes, has been used in the past for the manufacture of ANFO explosive. For example, the use of recycled (used) lubricating oil from mining equipment for the manufacture of ANFO explosives is known from T.C. Ruhe et al.: "Thermal stability of ANFO made with recycled oil" published in Proc. Annu. Conf. Explos. Blasting Tech. 1999, 25th (Vol. 2), pages 263-271, International Society of Explosive Engineers. However, it is refractory and difficult to absorb into PPAN by itself, so that it must be diluted with diesel or other virgin oil, such as the mining solvent available in South Africa under the trade mark Shellsol 2325 from Shell South Africa Energy (Pty) Limited of Shell Court, 33 Baker Street, Rosebank 2196, PO Box 747, Saxonwold 2132, South Africa. When the ANFO explosive comprises, as is typically the case, 5-7% by mass fuel oil, the balance being PPAN, no more than about 2-3% of the ANFO explosive can be waste mine utility vehicle oil, the remaining 3-4% being required to be virgin diesel or Shellsol. This is a disadvantage, because of the cost of the virgin oil, and because of the lowered consumption of used or waste oil. It is thus a particular advantage of the present invention that it obviates the use of any virgin oil to dilute the waste oil, the virgin oil being supplanted by water and economically attractive small amounts of emulsifier/surfactant. Disposal in this fashion of the waste oil is thus ecologically desirable and economically attractive.

Claims (10)

  1. A process for producing an ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) explosive, the process including:
    admixing used lubricating oil with water in the absence of any virgin oil to form a fuel consisting of a water-in-oil emulsion; and
    admixing the emulsion with solid particulate ammonium nitrate to absorb the emulsion into the ammonium nitrate to form an ANFO explosive.
  2. A process according to Claim 1, wherein the used lubricating oil is that obtained from mining vehicles.
  3. A process according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, wherein the solid particulate ammonium nitrate is in the form of porous prills.
  4. A process according to any one of Claims 1 to 3 inclusive, wherein the relative proportions of emulsion and ammonium nitrate employed are such that, in the ANFO explosive, the oil forms 5-8% by mass thereof.
  5. A process according to any one of Claims 1 to 4 inclusive wherein, in the emulsion, the oil forms 55-86% by mass thereof.
  6. A process according to any one of Claims 1 to 5 inclusive, wherein high-shear mixing is used to effect the admixing of the oil with the water to form the emulsion.
  7. A process according to any one of Claims 1 to 6 inclusive, wherein the admixing of the used lubricating oil with the water to form the emulsion, is effected in the presence of an emulsifier/surfactant.
  8. A process according to Claim 7, wherein the emulsifier/surfactant forms 0.2-1.0% by mass of the emulsion.
  9. A process according to Claim 8, wherein the emulsion/surfactant forms 0.3-0.8% by mass of the emulsion.
  10. A process according to any one of Claims 1 to 9 inclusive, wherein the admixing of the emulsion with the particulate ammonium nitrate is by pumping the emulsion from a source tank and spraying it by means of a nozzle on to the particulate ammonium nitrate which is moved along by the flutes of an auger to provide additional mixing, in an ammonium nitrate:emulsion ratio of 95:5-85:15.
EP07826235.9A 2006-09-04 2007-09-03 Process for the production of an explosive Not-in-force EP2069266B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL07826235T PL2069266T3 (en) 2006-09-04 2007-09-03 Process for the production of an explosive

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA200607393 2006-09-04
PCT/IB2007/053534 WO2008029339A2 (en) 2006-09-04 2007-09-03 Explosive

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2069266A2 EP2069266A2 (en) 2009-06-17
EP2069266B1 true EP2069266B1 (en) 2014-03-05

Family

ID=39157651

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07826235.9A Not-in-force EP2069266B1 (en) 2006-09-04 2007-09-03 Process for the production of an explosive

Country Status (12)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2069266B1 (en)
AP (1) AP2766A (en)
AR (1) AR062641A1 (en)
AU (1) AU2007293146B2 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0714743A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2662067A1 (en)
CL (1) CL2007002539A1 (en)
DK (1) DK2069266T3 (en)
PE (1) PE20080485A1 (en)
PL (1) PL2069266T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2008029339A2 (en)
ZA (1) ZA200901785B (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170158577A1 (en) * 2014-06-25 2017-06-08 Exsa S.A. Method for Producing an ANFO Explosive Using Ammonium Nitrate and Residual Oils and Product Thus Produced
CN104211549B (en) * 2014-09-04 2016-08-31 葛洲坝易普力股份有限公司 The preparation method of the mixed loading emulsion explosive

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL130040C (en) * 1959-01-07
US3095335A (en) * 1960-03-21 1963-06-25 Airmite Midwest Inc Blasting agent of multi-sized and multidensity ammonium nitrate with fuel oil
US4830687A (en) * 1987-11-23 1989-05-16 Atlas Powder Company Stable fluid systems for preparing high density explosive compositions
US4775431A (en) * 1987-11-23 1988-10-04 Atlas Powder Company Macroemulsion for preparing high density explosive compositions
US5486247A (en) * 1992-02-06 1996-01-23 Engsbraten; Bjoern Explosive composition, manufacture and use thereof
CA2064609C (en) * 1992-04-01 1996-10-29 Sydney Oliver Smith Explosive composition
US5670739A (en) * 1996-02-22 1997-09-23 Nelson Brothers, Inc. Two phase emulsion useful in explosive compositions
US6982015B2 (en) * 2001-05-25 2006-01-03 Dyno Nobel Inc. Reduced energy blasting agent and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AP2766A (en) 2013-09-30
PE20080485A1 (en) 2008-05-29
AU2007293146B2 (en) 2012-09-20
WO2008029339A3 (en) 2008-12-11
CL2007002539A1 (en) 2008-07-04
EP2069266A2 (en) 2009-06-17
ZA200901785B (en) 2010-02-24
BRPI0714743A2 (en) 2013-05-07
DK2069266T3 (en) 2014-04-28
AR062641A1 (en) 2008-11-19
PL2069266T3 (en) 2014-08-29
CA2662067A1 (en) 2008-03-13
AP2009004800A0 (en) 2009-04-30
WO2008029339A2 (en) 2008-03-13
AU2007293146A1 (en) 2008-03-13

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