EP2065573B1

EP2065573B1 - Gasket for a valve of an internal combustion engine

Info

Publication number: EP2065573B1
Application number: EP20080170310
Authority: EP
Inventors: Flavio Lantelme
Original assignee: Corcos Industriale SAS di Externa Italia SRL
Current assignee: Freudenberg Sealing Technologies SAS di Externa Italia SRLU
Priority date: 2007-11-29
Filing date: 2008-11-28
Publication date: 2011-01-12
Anticipated expiration: 2028-11-28
Also published as: ITTO20070868A1; EP2065573A1; DE602008004409D1

Description

The present invention relates to a gasket for a valve of an internal combustion engine.
Internal combustion engines for vehicles comprising a head carrying one or more cylinders, in which the engine cycle is carried out, and which communicate with respective combustion chambers of the engine itself, are known. Furthermore, appropriate seats intended to make the combustion chamber communicate with pipes adapted to convey a mixture of unburnt fuel and air ("intake pipes") to said chamber, and to convey the burnt gases from said combustion chamber ("exhaust pipes"), are obtained on the aforesaid head.
The flows from and to each combustion chamber are controlled by appropriate valves acting on the aforesaid seats. Specifically, each valve essentially comprises a guide element fixed inside a cavity of the engine head and a stem movably sliding in opposite directions within a through seat defined by the guide element and carrying a shutting section at one end for closing the connection between the corresponding intake or exhaust pipe and the corresponding combustion chamber.
The opposite end of the valve stem axially protrudes from the corresponding guide element and is adapted to receive driving forces from a corresponding control device.
Sealing gaskets for the lubricating oil normally circulating in the engines are normally mounted to the valves of the above-described type. Such gaskets, in one of the most commonly known forms, comprise a substantially tubular-shaped, supporting or reinforcing element, generally made of metal material, and an element made of elastomeric material interposed between the supporting element and the valve.
Specifically, the elastomeric element typically comprises a first portion adapted to cooperate by means of its internal surface with the external surface of the upper portion of the guide element, and a second portion adapted to directly cooperate with the valve stem.
The gaskets of the above-described type are widely used on all internal combustion engines for controlling the amount of lubricating oil which flows from the distribution zone to the combustion chambers. In addition to an evident, excessive consumption of the oil itself, an excessive flow of lubricating oil causes a decay of the engine efficiency and a lowering of the vehicle catalyzer performance. On the other hand, an insufficient flow determines an increase of valve wear and noise, accompanied by the presence of local temperature peaks. These phenomena may cause a premature wear of the valves, following the seizure of the stem of the valves themselves inside the guide element.
The known gaskets allow to make a static type sealing by means of the first portion of the elastomeric element acting on the guide element of the corresponding valve, and to make a dynamic type sealing by means of the second portion of the elastomeric element cooperating with the stem. Specifically, the static sealing must ensure a certain degree of radial compression on the guide element in order to avoid the lubricant oil from seeping towards the combustion chambers while maintaining the gasket itself in place, while the dynamic sealing is designed to allow the minimum oil flow required to lubricate the coupling between the stem and the guide element.
The supporting element comprises a first, substantially cylindrical portion and a second, annular discoid portion, extending from an axial end of the first portion towards the valve in a direction transversal to the axis of the first portion itself; such a second portion is partially embedded into an annular seat of the elastomeric element.
Gaskets of the above-described type are known, in which the elastomeric element is further provided with a gas-tight annular lip, commonly named "gas lip", which is normally arranged in a position axially interposed between the aforesaid first and second portions, and which cooperates with the stem of the corresponding valve.
Such a lip serves the function of opposing the positive pressures of the gases which in some applications are created at the seats on which the valve act; it protrudes towards the stem of the corresponding valve from the internal circumferential surface of the elastomeric element and has a truncated-conical, annular shape with a decreasing section in the direction opposite to the direction of the pressure forces of the gases rising along the valves of the corresponding seats, on which such valves act.
The gas lip is connected to the remaining part of the elastomeric element at the larger diameter-section part thereof and along its radially most external peripheral edge; in this manner, a sort of virtual hinge is created between the gas lip and the internal circumferential surface of the elastomeric element.
In virtue of the presence of such a virtual hinge, and in the presence of pressure forces rising along the valve from the seat controlled by such a valve, the gas lip normally tends to be rotated towards the stem of the valve itself, so as to increase the sealing effect.
The need to have gaskets capable of effectively controlling the lubricant oil flow to the combustion chambers while being more cost-effective and simpler to be manufactured as compared to the solutions of the known type is felt in this field.
EP-A-0519158 discloses a gasket for a valve of an internal combustion engine, as defined in the preamble of claim 1. It is the object of the present invention to make a gasket for a valve of an internal combustion engine which simply and cost-effectively allows to meet the above-specified need.
The aforesaid object is achieved by the present invention, because it relates to a gasket for a valve of an internal combustion engine as defined in claim 1.
For a better understanding of the present invention, a preferred embodiment will be described below only by way of non-limitative example, and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

figure 1 is a partial section of an internal combustion engine provided with a gasket for a valve made according to the dictates of the present invention; and
figure 2 is an axial section on enlarged scale of the valve and the gasket in figure 1.

With reference to figure 1, numeral 1 indicates as a whole a gasket according to the present invention for a valve 2 of an internal combustion engine 3, known per se and only illustrated as far as required for understanding the present invention.
In greater detail, figure 1 shows the engine 3, limitedly to a head portion 4 symmetrically extending with respect to an axis A, and of which only half is shown.
The aforesaid portion of the head 4 defines a combustion chamber 5 (only partially shown), inside which a fuel is oxidized in the presence of comburent air, so to transform the chemical energy contained in the fuel into pressure energy, and a cylinder 6 (also only partially shown) of axis A, fluidically connected to the combustion chamber 5 and adapted to transform the aforesaid pressure energy into mechanical energy.
The portion of the head 4 further accommodates a feeding assembly 7 adapted to bring, into the combustion chamber 5, a mixture comprising the fuel and the comburent air, and an exhaust assembly (known per se and not shown) adapted to remove the burnt gas and air from the combustion chamber 5 itself towards an environment outside the engine 3.
In greater detail, the cylinder 6 comprises a liner 8 and a piston 9, which slides under the bias of the pressure of the fuel inside the liner 8 itself, according to a reciprocating motion directed along the axis A, and is operatively connected (in a not shown manner) to a driving member to transform the pressure energy into mechanical energy.
The combustion chamber 5 is axially delimited by an end wall 10 and is open, on the side axially opposite to the end wall 10, towards the cylinder 6.
The end wall 10 of the combustion chamber 5 has a pair of circular, through openings, only one of which is shown and indicated by numeral 11, and symmetrically arranged with respect to axis A. More specifically, the opening indicated by numeral 11 is adapted to allow the passage of the mixture comprising the fuel and the comburent air from the feeding assembly 7 to the interior of the combustion chamber 5; the opening (not shown) is adapted to allow the passage of burnt gas and air from the combustion chamber 5 to the exhaust assembly (also not shown).
The feeding assembly 7 and the exhaust assembly are entirely similar and reciprocally and symmetrically extend with respect to axis A; in the present description, reference will be made to the feeding assembly 7 alone, for simplicity, being understood that considerations similar to those which apply to the feeding assembly 7 will also be applied to the exhaust assembly.
More in detail, the feeding assembly 7 comprises a feeding pipe 12, which extends from the opening 11 towards a tank (not shown) of the fuel for the engine 1, and cooperates with the valve 2, which is adapted to use the opening 11, according to predetermined time laws, so as to adjust the flow of fuel and comburent air from the feeding pipe 12 itself to the combustion chamber 5.
The valve 2, shown in detail in figure 2, is accommodated in a seat 13, which is obtained in the head 6 and normally contains lubricant oil.
More precisely, the seat 13 symmetrically extends with respect to an axis B, transversal with respect to the axis A, and is open at an axial end segment 14 thereof towards the feeding pipe 12.
The valve 2 comprises a tubular guide element 15 interference-fitted by into the end portion 14 of the seat 13, and a stem 16 movably sliding in opposite directions along the axis B within the guide element 15.
A corresponding gasket 1 according to the invention is fitted on the external circumferential surface of the end of the guide element 15, opposite to the feeding pipe 12, coaxially surrounding both the guide element 15 and the stem 16.
In greater detail, the stem 17 protrudes from opposite sides of the guide element 15 and comprises, at its opposite axial ends, a shutting section 20 intended to fluid-tightly engage the opening 11, and a section 18 adapted to receive a driving force by means of a control mechanism 19, in this illustrated case of the cam type, respectively.
The valve 2 further comprises a spring 20, in this illustrated case of helical type, which cooperates, at its reciprocally opposite axial ends, with the section 18 and with a delimitating wall of the seat 13 facing towards the shutting section 17; the spring 20 is adapted to generate an elastic recalling force on the stem 16, so as to maintain it constantly in contact, at the section 18 thereof, with the control mechanism 19.
With particular reference to figure 2, the gasket 1 has a substantially tubular shape according to an axis coinciding, under assembly conditions, with axis B.
More precisely, the gasket 1 comprises an annular-shaped elastomeric element 21, and a supporting element 22 coaxially joined by means of a chemical-physical bond to the elastomeric element 21 itself to press the latter, in the radial direction with respect to axis B, onto the guide element 16 and onto the stem 16. In practice, the elastomeric element 21 is interposed between the supporting element 22 and the valve 2.
The elastomeric element 21 firstly defines, proceeding along axis B towards the combustion chamber 5, a dynamic type sealing adapted to allow the passage of a minimum oil flow required to lubricate the coupling between the stem 16 and the guide element 15, and then a static type sealing to prevent a second oil seeping path towards the combustion chamber 5.
In greater detail, the elastomeric element 21 is delimited by two axial ending, discoid sections 23, 24, opposite to each other, by an internal circumferential surface 25 adapted to partially cooperate with the stem 16 and partially with the guide element 15 to form the abovementioned seals, and by an external circumferential surface 26 adapted to couple with the supporting element 22 and with an annular elastic collar 27 as so to press the internal circumferential surface 25 onto the stem 16 and onto the guide element 15.
Under assembly conditions, the section 23 face the control mechanism 19 and is crossed by the stem 16; the section 24, under assembly conditions, faces the combustion chamber 5, and is crossed by both the stem 16 and the guide element 15.
The internal circumferential surface 25 of the elastomeric element 21 comprises, in a position adjacent to the section 23, a minimum diameter section 28, adapted to be radially pressed by the elastic collar 27 against the stem 16 to define a circumferential, dynamic-type sealing line, which allows a minimum flow of oil to leak in virtue of the sliding coupling with the stem 16 itself.
Furthermore, the internal circumferential surface 25 of the elastomeric element 21 comprises a substantially cylindrical portion 29, in a position adjacent to the section 24, adapted to be radially pressed by the supporting element 22 against the guide element 15 as so to define a static-type, cylindrical sealing area.
The elastomeric element 21 further comprises a portion interposed between the section 28 and the portion 29, a further portion 30 overhangingly carrying a gas-tight lip 31 cooperating in use with the stem 16 of the valve 2.
The lip 31 has a truncated-conical shape of axis B with a decreasing section in the direction opposite to the pressure forces generated by the gases crossing the pipe 12 and directed towards the section 28; in this illustrated case, the lip 31 has a decreasing section towards the portion 29.
As shown in figure 2, the lip 31 is connected to an internal circumferential surface of the portion 30 at the larger-section part thereof.
Such a connection defines a sort of virtual hinge 42 between the lip 31 and the circumferential internal surface 25 of the elastomeric element 21.
The portion 30 of the elastomeric element 21 has, on the side opposite to the lip 31 with respect to axis B, a surface 40 cooperating with a radially internal surface of a segment 41 of the supporting element 22.
The portion 30 is advantageously shaped so that, no matter how two points belonging to the surface 40 are chosen, the segment joining such points is completely contained within the portion 30 itself.
In other words, the portion 30 is free from the seats adapted to couple with respective portions of the segment 41 of the supporting element 22. Therefore, the segment 41 is not embedded, not even in part, in the portion 30 of the elastomeric element 21.
The segment 41 further defines a first axial end of the supporting element 22.
The supporting element 22 has a substantially cylindrical shape, elongated according to axis B, and comprises, in addition to segment 41:

a segment 43 defining a second axial end, opposite to the first axial end, of the supporting element 22, and bent towards axis B so as to axially keep the elastomeric element 21 at the section 24 of the elastomeric element itself; and
a segment 44 axially interposed between the segments 41, 43, parallelly elongated to the axis B, and joined to the segments 41, 43 themselves at its opposite ends.

Specifically, the segment 41 is also substantially parallel to the axis B, and the segment 44 cooperates with a surface of the elastomeric element 21 opposite and parallel to the surface 25.
The supporting element 22 has radially dimensions increasing with respect to axis B, proceeding from its second axial end defined by the segment 43 towards its first axial end defined by the segment 41.
As the supporting element 22 embraces the portion 30 of the elastomeric element 21 without having portions embedded inside the portion 30 itself, the stiffness of the lip 31 with respect to the rotation about the virtual hinge 42 is ensured by the segment 41 of the supporting element 22 and by the shape of the portion 30, which has greater radial and axial dimensions than the known solutions.
The advantages that gasket 1 made according to the present invention allows to obtain are apparent from an examination of its features.
Specifically, the gasket 1 allows to effectively control the flow of lubricant oil to the combustion chamber 5 and to obtain an effective gas-tight effect without requiring to embed a segment of the supporting element 22 into a corresponding seat of the elastomeric element 21.
In virtue of this, the gasket 1 is particularly simple and cost-effective to be implemented while effectively performing its task of controlling the flow of lubricant oil to the combustion chamber 5.
Finally, it is apparent that modifications and variations may be made to the described, illustrated gasket 1 without departing from the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

A gasket (1) for a valve (2) of an internal combustion engine (3); said valve (2) comprising a guide element (15) defining a through seat, and a stem (16) movably sliding in such a seat; said gasket (1) comprising:
- a tubular-shaped supporting element (22) according to an axis (B) coaxially mounted on said valve (2); and

- an elastically deformable element (21) interposed between said supporting element (22) and said valve (2);
said elastically deformable element (21) comprising, in turn:

- a first portion (28) adapted to cooperate with said stem (16) of said valve (2) and to be radially pressed against the stem (16) by an elastic collar (27);

- a second portion (29) adapted to cooperate with an external surface of said guide element (15) and to be radially pressed against the guide element (15) by said supporting element (22); and

- a third portion (30) axially interposed between said first and second portions (28, 29), overhangingly carrying a gas-tight lip (31) adapted to cooperate with said stem (16) of said valve (2), and comprising, on the side opposite to said lip (31), a surface (40) adapted to cooperate with a first region (41) of said supporting element (22) defining a first axial end of the latter;
Wherein said lip (31) has a truncated-conical shape coaxial with said axis (B) and with a decreasing section towards said second portion (29) so as to oppose in use to gas pressure forces;
characterized in that said third portion (30) is shaped so that, no matter how two points belonging to the surface (40) are chosen, the segment joining said points is completely contained within the third portion (30) itself.
A gasket according to claim 1, characterized in that said supporting element (22) comprises a second axial end opposite to said first axial end and defined by a second region (43) thereof;
said supporting element (22) having increasing radial dimensions with respect to said axis (B), proceeding from said second axial end toward said first axial end.
A gasket according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said first region (41) is elongated parallel to said axis (B).
A gasket according to the any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said supporting element (22) comprises a third region (44) axially interposed between said first and second regions (41, 43) and elongated parallel to said axis (B).
A gasket according to claim 4, characterized in that said third region (44) is joined, at the reciprocally opposite, axial ends thereof, to said first and second regions (41, 43).
A gasket according to any one of the claims from 2 to 5, characterized in that said second region (43) extends transversally to said axis (B) and is at least partially accommodated in an annular seat of said elastically deformable element (21).