EP2062315A1 - Fuel cell system and method for starting a fuel cell system - Google Patents
Fuel cell system and method for starting a fuel cell systemInfo
- Publication number
- EP2062315A1 EP2062315A1 EP07785645A EP07785645A EP2062315A1 EP 2062315 A1 EP2062315 A1 EP 2062315A1 EP 07785645 A EP07785645 A EP 07785645A EP 07785645 A EP07785645 A EP 07785645A EP 2062315 A1 EP2062315 A1 EP 2062315A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- cell system
- cell stack
- temperature
- air ratio
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04365—Temperature; Ambient temperature of other components of a fuel cell or fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04791—Concentration; Density
- H01M8/04798—Concentration; Density of fuel cell reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2457—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for starting a fuel cell system with a reformer and a fuel cell stack, wherein the reformer fuel and air are fed as starting materials and the fuel cell stack is fed into the reformer generated reformate.
- the invention relates to a fuel cell system with a reformer and a fuel cell stack, wherein the reformer fuel and air can be supplied as starting materials and the fuel cell stack, a reformate produced in the reformer can be fed.
- the fuel cell stack is supplied with air and a hydrogen-rich reformate, the latter being produced in a reformer of fuel and oxidant, in particular air.
- the reformers operate at air ratios that characterize the fuel-air ratio of 0.4 or below.
- SOFC fuel cell systems (“Solid Oxide Fuel Cell”) have operating temperatures above 800 ° C. These must be achieved in a start-up phase. The required heat energy is due to the effluent from the reformer hot gases and preheated Kathodenzu Kunststoff the Fuel cell stack provided. During such a starting phase you are confronted with several problems. On the one hand, with the low air ratios customary for reformer operation, especially at low temperatures, excessive formation of soot in the air can occur
- Fuel cell stack come. This can irreversibly damage the fuel cell stack by blocking the electrodes. Furthermore, there is the risk of irreversible oxidation of the anode material in the fuel cell stack at high temperatures and high air numbers. Only in the stationary operation of the fuel cell stack, that is, at the aforementioned high temperatures of above 800 0 C and low air speeds, for example, 0.4, the formation of soot and the oxidation of the anode material are less prob- lematic.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method for starting a fuel cell system and such a fuel cell system available, so that even in the starting phase of the fuel cell system
- Damage to the fuel cell stack is prevented by soot formation and oxidation.
- the invention is based on the generic method characterized in that the fuel-air ratio of the reformer supplied starting materials characterizing air ratio is varied in dependence on a temperature of the fuel cell stack.
- the air ratio is lowered with increasing temperature of the fuel cell stack.
- the startup phase therefore begins with high airflow and low temperature, that is, with a combination of critical sizes that inhibit both soot formation and oxidation of the anode material. If the temperature in the fuel cell stack rises, the air ratio can be gradually reduced while maintaining non-critical air-temperature combinations until the air-fuel temperature-temperature combination typical for continuous operation is reached.
- an air ratio in the range between 1.3 and 1.5 is set and that after reaching the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack, an air ratio in the range between 0.3 and 0.5 is set.
- the air ratio is gradually reduced with increasing temperature of the fuel cell stack. This is a particularly practical solution, since the air ratio can be adjusted as needed, depending on the current temperature value.
- the air-time function can thus be Timaler manner of the temperature-time function can be adjusted.
- the invention is further developed in a particularly advantageous manner in that the temperature of the fuel cell stack is measured. Depending on the measured temperature values, the appropriate air numbers can thus be set.
- a variable determined empirically as a function of the operating time of the fuel cell system is used as the temperature of the fuel cell stack. If the fuel cell system is sufficiently mature in terms of its starting characteristics, the temperature evolution of the fuel cell stack can be predicted based on empirical values. A temperature measurement in the fuel cell stack can therefore be dispensable. The empirical values may be sufficient to determine and then adjust the appropriate air ratios during start-up.
- the invention is based on the generic fuel cell system characterized in that the air-fuel ratio of the reformer supplied starting materials characterizing air ratio in dependence on a temperature of the fuel cell stack is variable.
- the advantages and peculiarities of the method according to the invention are also realized in the context of a system. This also applies to the following particularly preferred embodiments of the fuel cell system according to the invention.
- the fuel cell system has an electronic control unit. tion has.
- Such an electronic control takes over the temperature-dependent determination and adjustment of the air ratio according to the invention.
- the electronic control can be made available especially for the fuel cell system. It is also possible that the controller is integrated into an existing electronic control, in particular in the motor vehicle. In this case, the controller may be configured to control or regulate all functions of the fuel cell system.
- the dependence of the number of air to be varied on the temperature is stored in a memory belonging to the electronic control.
- the fuel cell system according to the invention is advantageously designed so that the air ratio can be lowered with increasing temperature of the fuel cell stack.
- an air ratio in the range between 1.3 and 1.5 is adjustable and that after reaching the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack, an air ratio in the range between 0.3 and 0.5 is adjustable.
- the air ratio can be gradually reduced with increasing temperature of the fuel cell stack.
- the system can also be developed so that the air ratio with increasing temperature of the fuel cell stack is continuously lowered. It may be useful to provide at least one temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the fuel cell stack.
- a variable empirically determined as a function of the operating time of the fuel cell system can be used as the temperature of the fuel cell stack, the values of this variable being available from a memory associated with the electronic control.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a fuel cell system
- FIG. 2 shows a temperature-time profile and a dependent air-fuel time curve according to the present invention
- Figure 3 is a temperature-air ratio diagram for explaining the present invention.
- FIG. 4 shows a flowchart for explaining a method according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a fuel cell system.
- the fuel cell system comprises a fuel supply device 26, that is to say in particular one Fuel pump, and an air supply 28, that is in particular a fan, the input side of which are coupled to a reformer 10.
- the reformer 10 On the output side, the reformer 10 is coupled to the anode side of a fuel cell stack 12.
- the cathode side of the fuel cell stack 12 communicates with an air supply device 30, that is to say in particular a blower.
- the fuel cell stack 12 is equipped with a temperature sensor 24.
- the fuel cell stack 12 is connected to a afterburner 32, which likewise communicates with an air feed device 34, that is to say in particular a blower.
- An electronic controller 20 is provided with a memory 22 which is in communication with sensors of the system, that is in particular the temperature sensor 24 of the fuel cell stack 12 for the reception of signals.
- the controller 20 is further connected to the fuel supply means 26 and the air supply lines 28, 30, 34 in connection to control their operation or to influence in the context of a scheme.
- the fuel pump 26 and the air blower 28 convey fuel 14 and air 16 into the reformer 10.
- the reformer produces a hydrogen-rich reformate 18, which is supplied to the anode side 12 of the fuel cell stack.
- the cathode side of the fuel cell stack 12 is supplied with cathode feed air via the blower 30. This cathode feed is usefully preheated.
- the depleted in the fuel cell stack 12 reformate 36 is supplied to an afterburner 32, which is also supplied with air through the blower 34 for carrying out the preferably residue-free combustion.
- the afterburner 32 exits exhaust gas 38.
- the thermal energy of the exhaust gas 38 can again be coupled into the heat balance of the fuel cell system, for example for preheating the pumped over the blower 30 cathode feed.
- the air ratio ⁇ with which the reformer 10 is operated depends on the temperature of the fuel cell stack 12 measured by the temperature sensor 24 by influencing the fuel pump 26 and / or the air blower 28 via the Control 20 is set.
- the setting is made so that uncritical air-temperature combinations are set, in particular with regard to the deposition of soot in the fuel cell stack 12 and the oxidation of the anode material in the fuel cell stack 12th
- FIG. 2 shows a temperature-time profile and a dependent air-fuel time curve according to the present invention.
- the temperature T sta ck goes from an initial temperature value, for example, the room temperature, and then increases rapidly to temperatures in the range of 500 0 C, and then approach the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack of about 850 0 C.
- the variation of the air ratio ⁇ does not have to be stepwise as shown. A continuous course of the air ratio is also practicable.
- the air value values ⁇ which are to be set at certain temperatures T staC k, are usefully stored in a control in the form of a table.
- an empirically determined temperature T stck can be stored as a function of time in a memory of a controller.
- FIG. 3 shows a temperature-air-figure diagram for explaining the present invention. It is illustrated that at low temperatures and low air numbers, excessive soot formation is present, while at high temperatures and high air numbers undesirable oxidation of the anode can occur. Starting from low temperatures, therefore, a high air ratio is selected according to the invention, in which only little soot formation and only slight oxidation of the anode will occur. On this basis, the temperature is lowered with increasing temperature until the operating temperature and the useful for the reformer operation air value value are reached.
- FIG. 4 shows a flowchart for explaining a method according to the invention.
- the temperature T stac k of the fuel cell stack is detected in step S11.
- a certain air ratio ⁇ i is set.
- step S03 it is checked whether the temperature T stack of the fuel cell stack exceeds a certain predetermined temperature Ti. If this is not the case, the method continues in step S11, that is to say the lambda value remains unchanged, and the temperature T ⁇ tack of the fuel cell stack is re- detected . If, however, the temperature T stack of the fuel cell stack exceeds the predetermined temperature Ti in step S03, it is checked in step S04 whether the fuel cell stack has already reached its operating temperature T B.
- step S05 the index i is increased by 1 in step S05, in order to then proceed to step SO1.
- the air ratio ⁇ is then set to a reduced lambda value ⁇ i + i.
- step S04 it is determined in step S04 that the fuel cell stack reaches its operating temperature the procedure for starting the fuel cell system ends.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102006042537A DE102006042537A1 (en) | 2006-09-11 | 2006-09-11 | Fuel cell system and method for starting a fuel cell system |
PCT/DE2007/001275 WO2008031378A1 (en) | 2006-09-11 | 2007-07-17 | Fuel cell system and method for starting a fuel cell system |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2062315A1 true EP2062315A1 (en) | 2009-05-27 |
Family
ID=38542959
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP07785645A Withdrawn EP2062315A1 (en) | 2006-09-11 | 2007-07-17 | Fuel cell system and method for starting a fuel cell system |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20090280365A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2062315A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2010503160A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101584067A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2007295798A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2662375A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102006042537A1 (en) |
EA (1) | EA200970219A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008031378A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7788562B2 (en) | 2006-11-29 | 2010-08-31 | Advantest Corporation | Pattern controlled, full speed ATE compare capability for deterministic and non-deterministic IC data |
CN103918115A (en) * | 2011-11-09 | 2014-07-09 | 吉坤日矿日石能源株式会社 | Solid-oxide fuel cell system, and method for starting same |
RU2698883C2 (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2019-08-30 | ЭйчТиСЕРАМИКС С.А. | Sofc system and method of operating sofc system |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10142578A1 (en) * | 2001-09-02 | 2003-04-10 | Webasto Thermosysteme Gmbh | System for generating electrical energy and method for operating a system for generating electrical energy |
JP3826770B2 (en) * | 2001-11-16 | 2006-09-27 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Fuel reforming system |
JP3807361B2 (en) * | 2002-02-08 | 2006-08-09 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Fuel reforming system and fuel cell system |
JP4457559B2 (en) * | 2003-01-09 | 2010-04-28 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Fuel evaporator |
DE102004001310A1 (en) * | 2004-01-07 | 2005-08-11 | Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg | Operating a steam reforming reactor for producing hydrogen for use in a fuel cell comprises a start-up phase in which the reactor is supplied with a hydrocarbon gas and flue gas from a gas burner |
EP1739777B1 (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2014-01-22 | Eberspächer Climate Control Systems GmbH & Co. KG. | Fuel cell system for vehicles |
-
2006
- 2006-09-11 DE DE102006042537A patent/DE102006042537A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2007
- 2007-07-17 JP JP2009527008A patent/JP2010503160A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-07-17 CN CNA2007800337371A patent/CN101584067A/en active Pending
- 2007-07-17 EP EP07785645A patent/EP2062315A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-07-17 AU AU2007295798A patent/AU2007295798A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-07-17 CA CA002662375A patent/CA2662375A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-07-17 US US12/440,220 patent/US20090280365A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-07-17 WO PCT/DE2007/001275 patent/WO2008031378A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-07-17 EA EA200970219A patent/EA200970219A1/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2008031378A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
AU2007295798A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
DE102006042537A1 (en) | 2008-03-27 |
US20090280365A1 (en) | 2009-11-12 |
CN101584067A (en) | 2009-11-18 |
JP2010503160A (en) | 2010-01-28 |
CA2662375A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
EA200970219A1 (en) | 2009-06-30 |
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
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17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20090617 |
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RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: ZHOU, SU Inventor name: LAWRENCE, JEREMY Inventor name: GUENTHER, NORBERT Inventor name: KAEDING, STEFAN |
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