EP2061688B1 - Vehicle with a duct for electrical leads - Google Patents

Abstract

Vehicle, in particular rail vehicle, with a wagon body (102) which has a roof area (102.1) and a floor area (102.2), and at least one duct device (106) having a duct (106.1) for electrical leads, which duct (106.1) extends as far as the roof area (102.1) and/or the floor area (102.2) and is provided to hold at least one power distribution line (105.1) which primarily transmits electrical energy, and the duct device (106) is embodied in such a way that while the vehicle (101) is operating a flow (107) which cools the power distribution line (105.1) is at least temporarily formed in the duct (106.1).

Description

The present invention relates to a vehicle, in particular a rail vehicle, with a car body, which has a roof area and a floor area, and at least one channel device with an up to the roof area and / or the floor area extending channel for electrical lines.

In rail vehicles - but also in other vehicles - it is often necessary to connect electrically operated components, which are arranged in different areas of the vehicle, with each other via corresponding electrical connection lines. Usually, the electrical connection lines are guided in this case within the vehicle in at least partially closed cable ducts or trays, as for example from the DE 195 37 498 A1 is known.

In this case, basically two types of connection lines are to be distinguished, namely signal lines, which transmit primarily electrical signals, and energy distribution lines, which transmit primarily electrical energy. Strict regulations with regard to the bending of the pipes (eg in closed pipes etc.), which in turn has an influence on the required dimensioning of the conductor cross-sections, apply in particular to the energy distribution lines for reasons of fire protection.

Thus, the required minimum cross-sections of a power distribution line depend not only on the expected in rated operation load current and expected during operation ambient temperature on the type of installation of the power distribution lines, thus therefore on whether the power distribution lines individually or in bundles free in air or more or less strongly closed Rooms are misplaced. The lower the expected heat dissipation during operation for a given load, the greater the cable cross-section must be selected in order to avoid dangers due to overheating. Details of the prescribed dimensioning of power distribution lines for railway vehicles in Germany can be found, for example, in the German standard DIN EN 50343.

In particular, in rail vehicles, there is often the need electrical energy leading or electrically operated components in the roof area, such. As pantograph, transformers, inverters, rectifiers, etc., with appropriate components to connect elsewhere in the vehicle. In this case, it is usually necessary to guide the connecting lines through the car body. In particular, if an energy-carrying line adjacent to a passenger compartment, for reasons of fire safety and for reasons of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), a far-reaching shielding of the line is essential.

In such a type of laying in a more or less strongly closed space, as already mentioned, comparatively large cross sections for the power distribution lines are usually required in order to comply with the fire protection regulations, etc. This leads to a considerable weight of the power distribution lines. In addition, only comparatively large laying radii can be achieved with such large cross sections, so that the power distribution lines take up considerable space

The present invention is therefore based on the object to provide a vehicle of the type mentioned, which does not have the disadvantages mentioned above or at least to a much lesser extent and in particular allows a simple and space-saving management of power distribution lines in or through the car body ,

The present invention solves this problem starting from a vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1 by the features stated in the characterizing part of claim 1.

The present invention is based on the technical teaching that one can achieve a simple and space-saving guidance of power distribution lines in or through the car body, when the channel is provided for receiving at least one primary power transmitting energy distribution line and the channel device is designed such that During operation of the vehicle, at least temporarily, a flow which cools the energy distribution line is formed in the channel. Due to the cooling flow, the heat dissipation from the power distribution line can be increased in a simple manner, so that the cross section of the power distribution line can be dimensioned correspondingly smaller. This has the advantage that the power distribution line is correspondingly easier. On the other hand smaller Verlegeradien can be realized, which in turn space can be saved. Finally, simpler and therefore less expensive power distribution lines can be used.

In terms of weight savings, it has been shown that compared to a conventional installation method savings of up to 35% are possible. The weight saving can be significantly more than 100 kg in a single vehicle, for example, in a head carriage of a train.

In preferred variants of the vehicle according to the invention, a nominal operation with a load current is predetermined for the energy distribution line. Furthermore, for the power distribution line when laying free in air for this nominal operation, a first minimum line cross-section specified as well as when laying in the channel for this nominal operation, a second minimum line cross section specified. The cooling flow is dimensioned such that the second minimum line cross section corresponds to at most 1.2 times the first minimum line cross section. The second minimum line cross section preferably corresponds at most to 1.1 times the first minimum line cross section, more preferably at most the first minimum line cross section. This makes it possible to achieve a particularly advantageous space and weight savings.

The cooling flow can be achieved in any suitable manner, in particular using any suitable auxiliaries. For example, in preferred variants of the vehicle according to the invention, it can be provided that the channel has a free flow cross-section during operation of the vehicle-that is, with one or more energy distribution lines installed in the channel-that is dimensioned and / or designed such that the cooling flow is substantially completely achievable by natural convection due to the heat dissipation of the at least one power distribution line. For example, correspondingly large distances between the energy distribution line and the adjacent channel walls and / or energy distribution lines can be provided in order to achieve a sufficiently strong cooling flow. This has the advantage that a sufficient heat dissipation is ensured without further aids, especially in the state without forced convection generated by the airstream.

It is particularly advantageous if the channel has at least one of its ends a cooling flow substantially not obstructing opening to the environment. As a result, the cooling flow can be achieved in a particularly simple manner, since the cooling flow no significant additional energy must be supplied to overcome a flow resistance at its entrance and / or exit into the channel.

In further advantageous variants of the vehicle according to the invention, in addition to or as an alternative to natural convection, provision is made for the channel device to have convection-generating means for at least temporary generation of the cooling flow by forced convection. These can be both passive and active means for generating forced convection.

For example, it may be provided that the convection generating means comprise at least one passive device arranged in the region of one of the ends of the channel for utilizing the travel movement for the generation of the forced convection. For this purpose, the device for using the travel movement for the generation of forced convection, for example, at least one guide, in particular a baffle, which directs wind in the channel to produce the cooling flow. Additionally or alternatively, also at the outlet of the channel, such a guide device may be provided, which advantageously directs the cooling flow, so that the lowest possible resistance arises at the outlet.

Additionally or alternatively, the means for utilizing the travel motion for the generation of forced convection may also include at least one venturi-type aspirator, which then effects or at least enhances forced convection by establishing a negative pressure at the outlet of the channel.

In further advantageous variants of the vehicle according to the invention as mentioned active means for generating the forced convection can be provided. Thus, the convection generating means may comprise at least one fan, which is controlled in a suitable manner. For example, the fan may be controlled at predetermined intervals, depending on the operation of the electrical equipment connected by the power distribution line, or on any other predetermined parameter. In particular, it may be controlled using a temperature measured in the channel so that it is operated only when a corresponding cooling effect is required.

Particularly advantageously, the present invention can be used in connection with vehicles for passenger transport, which have a passenger compartment. Thanks to the present invention, it is easily possible to execute the channel substantially completely closed, at least to the passenger compartment, so that the requirements with regard to fire protection can readily be met. Preferably, the channel forms at least in such vehicles for passenger transport an electromagnetic shielding towards the passenger compartment, so that the requirements for electromagnetic compatibility can be readily met.

The channel of basically be arranged at any suitable location in the vehicle. Preferably, the channel extends in the region of a extending in the direction of the vertical axis of the car body wall of the car body. This may be any partition or the like inside the vehicle. Likewise, this may also be a side wall of the car body. The channel can simply be placed on the relevant wall. Preferably, however, the channel is already integrated in the respective wall of the car body, resulting in a space-optimized design.

The channel can in principle be made of one or more components and one or more suitable materials. Preferably, the channel has a circumferential channel wall, which is further preferably constructed of at least one metallic material, so that both the fire protection requirements and the electromagnetic shielding is sufficient.

As already mentioned, the channel can extend from the area of the vehicle, which is in contact with the surroundings of the vehicle, with an arbitrary profile to any point in the vehicle, for example a space for main electrical and / or auxiliary services of the vehicle. A particularly simple and advantageous configuration results when the channel extends from the roof area to the floor area, both of which are in contact with the surroundings of the vehicle, so that an at least almost unhindered flow of cooling air through the channel can be realized in a simple manner.

As mentioned, the channel can have any desired course, for example any orientation with respect to the vehicle axles. Particularly easy to implement or to be produced configurations arise when the channel is oriented substantially in the direction of the vertical axis of the car body.

If several power distribution lines are provided, they can be introduced individually into the channel. It is preferably provided that a plurality of power distribution lines are introduced as a prefabricated module in the channel. This can be arbitrary Number, especially after completion of the channel done by the assembly is introduced from above or below in the channel.

The present invention can be used for any vehicle configurations with any distributed arrangement of electrically powered devices to be connected. Their advantages are particularly advantageous in preferred variants of the vehicle according to the invention, in which at least one first power component is arranged in the roof area, at least one second power component is arranged in the floor area, and the first power component and the second power component are connected via the at least one energy distribution line ,

Figur 1

eine schematische Seitenansicht einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfin- dungsgemäßen Fahrzeugs;

Figur 2

eine schematische Draufsicht auf das Fahrzeug aus Figur 1;

Figur 3

einen schematischen Schnitt durch das Fahrzeug aus Figur 2 entlang der Linie III-III;

Figur 4

einen schematischen Schnitt durch eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeugs.

Further preferred embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the subclaims or the following description of preferred embodiments, which refers to the accompanying drawings. It shows:

FIG. 1

a schematic side view of a preferred embodiment of the inventive vehicle;

FIG. 2

a schematic plan view of the vehicle FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 3

a schematic section through the vehicle FIG. 2 along the line III-III;

FIG. 4

a schematic section through a further preferred embodiment of the vehicle according to the invention.

The FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a portion of a vehicle according to the invention in the form of an electrically operated rail vehicle 101. The vehicle 101 includes a car body 102 and a plurality of electrical power components 103, 104, which arranged in the roof area 102.1 of the car body 102 - not shown - current collector with electrical energy be supplied from a - also not shown - overhead line.

The electrical power components 103, 104 are any conventional components of the main and / or auxiliary units of the vehicle 101, such as transformers, rectifiers, inverters, intermediate circuits, etc. A first electrical power component 103 is arranged in the roof area 102.1 of the car body 102, while a second electric power component 104 is arranged in the floor area 102.2 of the car body underfloor. Both power components 103, 104 are at least partially air-cooled in that they have direct contact with the surroundings of the car body 102, that is, they are therefore arranged freely in the air. However, it is understood that in other variants of the invention can also be provided that the cooling of at least one of the power components is achieved at least in part in other suitable manner.

The two power components 103, 104 are connected via an energy distribution line in the form of a cable bundle 105 with a plurality of cables 105.1 (see FIG. 3 ) connected. However, it is understood that the other variants of the invention, even a single cable can be provided for the connection.

The cable bundle 105 passes through a channel device 106 of the car body 102 therethrough. The channel device 106 comprises a channel 106.1 which extends in the direction of the vertical axis of the car body 102 between the roof area 102.1 and the floor area 102.2 of the car body 102 and through which the cable bundle 105 is laid.

The channel 106.1 has a free flow cross-section with cable bundle 105 laid therein, which is sufficient to form a flow 107 which cools the cable 105 in the operation of the vehicle 101. For this purpose, the free flow cross-section is dimensioned so that alone due to the natural convection caused by the heat output of the cable bundle 105, a corresponding cooling flow 107 is formed, so that it is ensured even when the vehicle 101 is stationary.

In order not to hinder the formation of the cooling flow, the channel 106.1 has a sufficiently large free inlet 106.2 and a sufficiently large free outlet 106.3, which communicate with the environment of the car body.

If the vehicle 101 is traveling, a pressure gradient forms in the channel 106.1 due to the relative wind, which supports the cooling flow 107. The pressure gradient in the channel 106.1 is due to the fact that the inlet 106.2 is arranged in a region of the car body which is flow-calmed compared to the outlet 106.3, so that a stronger suction effect is created at the outlet 106.3.

For the cable bundle 105, a nominal operation is specified with a specific load current. According to the respective statutory provisions for the operator of the vehicle 101, for example with regard to fire protection, 105.1 of the cable bundle is for each cable 105 when laying free in air for this nominal operation, a first minimum line cross section specified. Furthermore, a second minimum line cross-section is specified for the installation in the channel 106.1 for this rated operation. The cooling flow 107 obtained due to the natural convection is dimensioned such that the second minimum line cross section corresponds at most to 1.2 times the first minimum line cross section. In the present example, the cooling flow 107 is dimensioned such that the second minimum line cross section corresponds to the first minimum line cross section.

In other words, can be achieved by the cooling flow that, inter alia, the statutory fire safety regulations are met with a cable 105.1, which has the cable cross-section of a cable laid freely in the air. As a result, in comparison to conventional vehicles, in which the cables are laid in channels or the like without a significant cooling flow, a significant weight saving and - due to the thinner cable and thus achievable lower Verlegeradien - a space savings can be achieved.

The channel 106.1 is a fully closed with the inlet 106.2 and the outlet 106.3 channel with a circumferential wall 106.4 of a metallic material. This has the advantage that the channel 106.1 simultaneously forms the electromagnetic shield of the cable bundle 105, so that the channel 106.1 can be arranged adjacent to a passenger compartment 102.3 of the car body 102.

It is understood, however, that the wall of the channel in other variants of the invention may also be at least partially broken, as is known, for example, from the conventional laying troughs for electrical lines ago. It is also understood that in other variants of the invention the wall of the channel can also be made of other materials, for example fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP), etc. Optionally, a separate electromagnetic shield may be provided in or on the channel or integrated into the channel wall (eg, FVK with electrically conductive fibers).

The channel 106.1 may be integrated in a side wall 102.4 of the car body 102. He may be integrally formed with a structural component of the side wall 102.4. If appropriate, the channel 106.1 can also form a structural element decisively co-determining the strength and rigidity of the side wall, for example a bulkhead of the side wall 102.4. Through this functional integration, a weight and space optimized design can be achieved.

In particular FIG. 3 can be seen, the cables 105.1 of the cable bundle 105 are formed as a prefabricated assembly, which are introduced during assembly from above or below in the finished channel 106.1. It is understood, however, that in other variants of the invention can also be provided that the channel is at least partially open laterally so as to introduce the cable 105 in the channel.

FIG. 4 shows a partial section through a further preferred embodiment of the vehicle according to the invention 201 with not yet installed power distribution lines. The vehicle 201 corresponds in its basic structure and its basic function of the vehicle 101, so that is to be discussed only on the differences. Similar or identical components are in FIG. 4 provided with the value increased by 100 reference numerals.

The essential difference from the vehicle 101 is that the channel device 206 has a passive convection generating means in the form of a cover 206.5 acting as a suction device. The cover 206.5 sits in the roof area 202.1 of the car body 202 above the outlet 206.3 of the channel 206.1.

The cover 206.5 is designed such that it acts in the manner of a Venturi nozzle during the travel of the vehicle 201, regardless of the direction of travel of the vehicle 201, and generates a negative pressure in the area of the outlet 206.3 which causes a forced convection which causes the cooling flow 207 supported in the channel 206.1.

For this purpose, the cover 206.5 is shaped such that a flow cross-section defined by it in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle 201 decreases towards the center of the cover 206.5, so that in the middle region 206.6 of the cover 206.5 the dynamic pressure increases and a static negative pressure is formed. The outlet 206.3 of the channel 206.1 opens into this center region 206.6, so that the static negative pressure prevailing there generates a suction effect which supports the cooling flow 207.

It is understood that in other variants of the invention, any other passive and / or active convection generating means may be provided, which cause a forced convection, at least supportive of the cooling flow. For example, one or more fans may be provided as active convection generating means, as shown in FIG FIG. 4 is indicated by the dashed contour 208. The fan 208 can be arranged at any suitable location of the channel 206.1.

Additionally or alternatively, only simple guide elements, for example suitably shaped guide plates or the like, may be provided at the outlet and / or the inlet of the channel 206.1, as shown in FIG FIG. 4 is indicated by the dashed contour 209. These guide elements direct the wind into the channel 206.1 and thus support the cooling flow.

It should be noted at this point that the convection producing means preferably bring about forced convection, which has the same direction of flow as the natural convection brought about by the heat emission of the cables. However, it is understood that in other variants of the invention can also be provided that the flow direction of the forced convection can also be opposite to the flow direction in the natural convection, as is the case for example when using the guide elements 209. This can have the advantage that stronger turbulences form on the surface of the cables in the resulting overall flow, which result in improved heat transfer and thus increased cooling effect.

The present invention has been described above by way of example only for a rail vehicle in which the channel of the channel device extends from the roof of the vehicle to the underside of the vehicle. It is understood, however, that in other variants of the invention it can also be provided that the channel runs from the roof area or from the floor area into the interior of the vehicle, for example into an equipment room or the like. In particular, he may have any course with any orientation with respect to the axes of the vehicle.

The present invention has been described above solely by way of example for a purely electrically operated rail vehicle. However, it is understood that the invention can also be used in conjunction with rail vehicles, in which the supply of primary energy in other ways, for example via an internal combustion engine, takes place, as is the case for example in so-called diesel-electric rail vehicles a diesel engine drives a corresponding generator to generate electricity. It is further understood that the invention may also be used in conjunction with any other vehicles having electrically powered and distributed power components distributed to the vehicle.

Claims (17)

1. Vehicle, in particular rail vehicle, comprising

   - a wagon body (102; 202), which has a roof area (102.1; 202.1) and a floor area (102.2), and

   - at least one duct device (106; 206) with a duct (105.1; 205.1) extending into the roof area (102.1; 202.1) and/or the floor area (102.2) for electrical lines (105.1),
   characterised in that

   - the duct (106.1; 206.1) receives at least one energy distribution line (105.1) transmitting primarily electrical energy and

   - the duct device (106; 206) is configured such that, during operation of the vehicle (101; 201), a flow (107; 207) cooling the energy distribution line (105.1) at least temporarily forms in the duct (106.1; 206.1).
2. Vehicle according to claim 1, characterised in that

   - a nominal operation with a load current is predetermined for the energy distribution line (105.1),

   - for this nominal operation, a first minimum line cross section is predetermined for the energy distribution line (105.1) when laid freely in air,

   - for this nominal operation, a second minimum line cross section is predetermined for the energy distribution line (105.1) when laid in the duct, and

   - the cooling flow (107; 207) is of a size such that the second minimum line cross section corresponds at most to 1.2 times the first minimum line cross section, preferably corresponds at most to 1.1 times the first minimum line cross section, more preferably corresponds at most to the first minimum line cross section.
3. Vehicle according to claim 2, characterised in that

   - the duct (106.1; 206.1) has a free flow cross section during operation of the vehicle (101; 201), wherein

   - the free flow cross section is of a size and/or is designed such that the cooling flow (107; 207) can be achieved substantially completely by natural convection due to the heat output of the at least one energy distribution line (105.1).
4. Vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the duct (106.1; 206.1), at at least one of its ends, has an opening (106.2, 106.3; 206.2) towards the surroundings of the vehicle (101; 201) substantially not hindering the cooling flow (107; 207).
5. Vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the duct device (206) has convection production means (206.5, 208, 209) for at least temporary production or assistance of the cooling flow (207) by forced convection.
6. Vehicle according to claim 5, characterised in that the convection production means comprise at least one device (206.5, 209), arranged in the area of one of the ends of the duct, to use the travelling movement to produce the forced convection.
7. Vehicle according to claim 6, characterised in that the device (206.5, 209) to use the travelling movement to produce the forced convection comprises

   - at least one guide device (209), in particular a guide plate,
   and/or

   - at least one suction device (206.5) working in the manner of a venturi nozzle.
8. Vehicle according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterised in that the convection production means comprise at least one fan (208), which is controlled, in particular, using a temperature measured in the duct (206.1).
9. Vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that

   - the wagon body (102; 202) comprises a passenger space (102.3; 202.3) and

   - the duct (106.1; 206.1) is substantially completely closed at least toward the passenger space.
10. Vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that

    - the wagon body (102; 202) comprises a passenger space (102.3; 202.3) and

    - the duct (106.1; 206.1) forms an electromagnetic shield at least toward the passenger space (102.3; 202.3).
11. Vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the duct (106.1; 206.1) extends in the area of a wall (102.4; 202.4) of the wagon body (102; 202), in particular a side wall of the wagon body, which extends in the direction of the height axis of the wagon body (102; 202).
12. Vehicle according to claim 11, characterised in that the duct is integrated in the wall (102.4; 202.4) of the wagon body (102; 202).
13. Vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the duct (106.1; 206.1) has a peripheral duct wall (106.4; 206.4), which is constructed, in particular, of at least one metallic material.
14. Vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the duct (106.1; 206.1) extends from the roof area (102.1; 202.1) to the floor area (102.2).
15. Vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the duct (106.1; 206.1) is substantially oriented in the direction of the height axis of the wagon body (102; 202).
16. Vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a plurality of energy distribution lines (105.1) are introduced, in particular as a prefabricated assembly (105), into the duct (105.1; 206.1).
17. Vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that

    - at least a first power component (103) is arranged in the roof area (102.1; 202.1),

    - at least a second power component (104) is arranged in the floor area (102.2) and

    - the first power component (103) and the second power component (104) are connected by the at least one energy distribution line (105.1).

Images