EP2058885B1 - Système de cellules combustibles - Google Patents

Système de cellules combustibles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2058885B1
EP2058885B1 EP08167684A EP08167684A EP2058885B1 EP 2058885 B1 EP2058885 B1 EP 2058885B1 EP 08167684 A EP08167684 A EP 08167684A EP 08167684 A EP08167684 A EP 08167684A EP 2058885 B1 EP2058885 B1 EP 2058885B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
line
gas
cell system
recirculation
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EP08167684A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2058885A1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Kaupert
Karsten Reiners
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Eberspaecher Climate Control Systems GmbH and Co KG
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J Eberspaecher GmbH and Co KG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04328—Temperature; Ambient temperature of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04343—Temperature; Ambient temperature of anode exhausts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04373—Temperature; Ambient temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04388—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04402—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode exhausts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04425—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04701—Temperature
    • H01M8/04738—Temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04761—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell exhausts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04776—Pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fuel cell system, which may be arranged in particular in a motor vehicle, having the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a method for operating such a fuel cell system.
  • a fuel cell system of the type mentioned is from the AT 502 130 A1 and comprises a reformer for generating a hydrogen gas-containing reformate gas from a hydrogen-containing fuel and an oxygen-containing oxidizer.
  • a fuel cell is provided for generating electric power by reacting reformate gas serving as anode gas with cathode gas containing oxygen gas.
  • the known fuel cell system comprises an oxidator supply device for supplying oxidizer to the reformer, which has an oxidizer line and a conveyor arranged therein.
  • a recirculation line is provided, which is connected on the one hand to an exhaust line leading away from the fuel cell and, on the other hand, upstream of the conveying device to the oxidizer line connected.
  • the hot fuel cell exhaust gases are fed directly to the oxidizer, which can lead to a high thermal load on the conveyor.
  • Another fuel cell system is from the EP 1 235 291 A2 known.
  • a fuel cell system that includes a reformer for generating a reformate gas containing hydrogen gas from a hydrogen-containing fuel and an oxygen-containing oxidizer.
  • the fuel cell system further includes a fuel cell for generating electric power by reacting reformate gas serving as anode gas with cathode gas containing oxygen gas.
  • an oxidizer supply device for supplying oxidizer to the reformer is provided, which has an oxidizer line and a conveying device arranged therein.
  • the fuel cell system is equipped with a recirculation line, on the one hand to one of the On the other hand, is connected to the reformer to supply it with the recirculated anode exhaust gas. In the recirculation line while an additional conveyor for driving the anode exhaust gas is arranged.
  • the anode exhaust gas can have comparatively high temperatures, relatively high demands are to be placed on the temperature resistance of the conveying device arranged in the recirculation line.
  • the cost of separate conveyors is relatively large.
  • the present invention addresses the problem of providing a fuel cell system or an associated operating method an improved embodiment, which is characterized in particular by a reduced risk of damage to the conveyor.
  • the invention is based on the general idea of using the same conveyor for driving the anode exhaust gas recirculated to the reformer and for driving the oxidizer gas supplied to the reformer.
  • the recirculation line is on the one hand connected to the anode exhaust gas line as before, and on the other hand according to the invention to the oxidizer line upstream of the conveyor device arranged therein.
  • the conveyor can suck both oxidant gas and anode exhaust gas and feed the reformer.
  • the reformer side of the fuel cell system is comparatively compact.
  • a recirculation heat exchanger is provided which, on the one hand, is integrated into the recirculation line and, on the other hand, into the oxidizer line.
  • a controllable bypass for bypassing the Rezirkulationskorübertragers is also provided.
  • this construction it is particularly possible to operate the fuel cell system during a cold start with open bypass, whereby the recirculated anode exhaust gas is almost uncooled fed to the reformer. This allows the reformer comparatively quickly to its operating temperature to be brought. Once the reformer has reached its operating temperature or as soon as the temperature the reformate gas reaches a predetermined limit temperature, the bypass can be increasingly or completely blocked, so as to cause a flow through the Rezirkulationskorübertragers, resulting in a decrease in temperature in the anode exhaust gas. The temporal shortening of the warm-up phase of the reformer increases the energy efficiency of the reformer and the entire fuel cell system.
  • the bypass can also be used to bring the Rezirkulationskorschreiber and the downstream thereof lying part of the recirculation path as quickly as possible to a temperature which is above a condensation temperature for residual hydrocarbons, which may be contained in the recirculated anode exhaust gas. As a result, the reliability of the reformer can be increased.
  • FIG. 1 shows a highly simplified, schematics-like schematic representation of a fuel cell system.
  • a fuel cell system 1 comprises at least one fuel cell 2 and at least one reformer 3.
  • the fuel cell 2 generates electrical current in a manner known per se, which, for example, can be tapped off at at least one electrical connection 4.
  • the fuel cell 2 comprises an anode side 5 which is separated from a cathode side 7 by an electrolyte 6.
  • an electrolyte 6 takes place in the fuel cell 2, a reaction of an anode side supplied hydrogen gas-containing anode gas with a cathode side supplied oxygen gas containing cathode gas.
  • the fuel cell 2 the cathode gas is supplied via a cathode gas line 8, in which a conveyor 9, for example, a fan is arranged.
  • the cathode gas is preferably air.
  • the anode side 5 of the fuel cell 2 is supplied via an anode gas line 10 anode gas.
  • the fuel cell 2 may be a high-temperature fuel cell, in particular a solid-state fuel cell or an SOFC fuel cell.
  • the fuel cell 2 may also be a Low-temperature fuel cell acting, for example, with a proton transport membrane or with a polymer electrolyte membrane works, so-called PEM fuel cell.
  • the fuel cell 2 may be arranged downstream of a residual gas burner 11, the anode side via an anode exhaust gas line 12 anode exhaust gas and a cathode exhaust gas line 13 cathode exhaust gas from the fuel cell 2 is supplied.
  • a combustion chamber 14 of the residual gas burner 11 can be carried out with an open flame or by catalytic reaction, a reaction of anode exhaust gas and cathode exhaust gas.
  • Resulting burner exhaust gas can be removed from the residual gas burner 11 on the output side via an exhaust pipe 15.
  • a heat exchanger 16 is integrated into the exhaust pipe 15, in which also the cathode gas line 8 is integrated. In this way, the heat of the burner exhaust gas can be used for preheating the cathode gas.
  • This heat exchanger 16 15 further components may be arranged downstream in the exhaust pipe, such as at least one further heat exchanger and exhaust gas treatment facilities, such as an oxidation catalyst.
  • the fuel cell 2, the residual gas burner 11 and the heat exchanger 16 each form separate components. It will be understood that at least two of these components may be integrally formed in another embodiment. For example, it is possible to structurally integrate the residual gas burner 11 into an output side of the fuel cell 2. Additionally or alternatively, the Heat exchanger 16 are structurally integrated into an output side of the residual gas burner 11.
  • the reformer 3 serves to generate a reformate gas containing hydrogen gas which can be supplied to the fuel cell 2 as anode gas. Accordingly, the anode gas line 10 is connected on the input side to an output side 17 of the reformer 3.
  • the reformer 3 contains, for example, a mixture forming section 18 and a downstream reforming section 19.
  • the reformer 3 receives via its input side 20 on the one hand a hydrogen-containing fuel and on the other hand a suitable oxidizer.
  • a fuel supply 21 is provided which comprises a fuel line 22, in which a suitable conveyor 23 is arranged, which may be, for example, a pump.
  • a fuel is basically any liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon, such as natural gas, diesel, gasoline, biofuel, in particular, an internal combustion engine of a vehicle equipped with the fuel cell system 1 is supplied.
  • an oxidator supply device 24 For supplying the oxidizer, an oxidator supply device 24 is provided which comprises an oxidizer line 25 and a conveying device 26 arranged therein.
  • the oxidizer or oxidizer gas is suitable in a special way air.
  • the mixture-forming section 18 In the mixture-forming section 18, an intensive mixing of the supplied fuel and the supplied oxidizer takes place. If the fuel is a liquid fuel, in the mixture-forming section 18 there is also an evaporation of the fuel. This can be realized for example by means of a cold flame.
  • the reforming section 19 takes place by means of partial oxidation, a reaction of the fuel and the oxidizer in the hydrogen gas-containing synthesis gas or reformate gas or anode gas.
  • the reforming section 19 contains at least one corresponding catalyst 27.
  • the fuel cell system 1 shown here also has a recirculation line 28, by means of which anode exhaust gas can be fed to the reformer 3 on the input side.
  • the recirculation line 28 is connected on the one hand at 29 to the anode exhaust line 12 and on the other hand at 30 to the Oxidatortechnisch 25.
  • the designated 30 introduction point is located upstream of the conveyor 26 of Oxidatorchucks issued 24.
  • this conveyor 26 may be a pump, a Blower, a compressor or a compressor or the like act.
  • a valve device 31 is arranged in the recirculation line 28, with the aid of which the flow rate in the recirculation line 28 can be changed.
  • the amount of the recycled anode exhaust gas can thus be changed.
  • the valve device 31 enables at least two end positions, namely "CLOSED” and "OPEN". Prefers allows the valve means 31 also at least one intermediate position. In particular, with the aid of the valve device 31, the amount of recycled anode exhaust gas can be set virtually arbitrarily.
  • a Rezirkulationskoresttrager 32 is preferably provided, which is incorporated on the one hand in the recirculation line 28 and on the other hand in the Oxidator effet 25.
  • the Rezirkulationskoresttragers 32 heat from the recycled anode exhaust gas can be transferred to the reformer 3 to be supplied oxidizer gas. This leads to a cooling of the anode exhaust gas, which reduces the risk of overheating of the conveyor 26.
  • a controllable bypass 33 is provided, by means of which the recirculation heat exchanger 32 can be bypassed within the oxidizer line 25.
  • said bypass 33 comprises a bypass line 34 and a valve device 35.
  • the bypass line 34 connects a leading to Rezirkulationskorübertrager 32 lead 36 of Oxidatortechnisch 25 coming from Rezirkulations Kedertrager 32 return line 37 of Oxidatortechnisch 25.
  • the valve device 35 is arranged so that it the Oxidatortechnisch 25 can optionally connect to the bypass line 34 or the flow 36.
  • valve device 35 it is basically possible to arrange the valve device 35 at the other end of the bypass line 34, so that they connect the oxidizer line 25 selectively with the bypass line 34 or with the return 37 can. It is clear that the valve device 35 can in principle realize at least two end positions in which the oxidizer gas flows either exclusively through the bypass line 34 with complete bypass of the Rezirkulationskorübertragers 32 or exclusively via flow 36 and return 37 through the Oxidatortechnisch 25 and thus completely through the Rezirkulationstage appreciatedtrager 32 leads. Furthermore, the valve device 35 can optionally also be designed such that it can set at least one or virtually any mixing states for the flow through the bypass line 34 and for the flow through the recirculation heat exchanger 32.
  • a valve means 38 by means of which the flow rate can be changed within the Oxidator effet 25.
  • at least two end positions "OPEN” and “CLOSE” are conceivable and at least one or preferably any intermediate positions. If intermediate positions can be realized, the valve device 38 can be activated to set a desired amount of oxidizer gas.
  • the fuel cell system 1 shown here also comprises a controller 39, which cooperates with the controllable components of the fuel cell system 1, such as with the conveyors 9, 23, 26 and with the valve means 31, 35, 38 in a suitable manner.
  • the controller 39 can cooperate with a sensor system, for example, a plurality of temperature sensors 40, a plurality of pressure sensors 41 and gas flow meter 42 may have.
  • the temperature sensors 40, pressure sensors 41 and gas flow meter 42 shown here by way of example can be implemented individually or in any desired combination. For example, there are each a temperature sensor 40 and a pressure sensor 41 within the Oxidatortechnisch 25 between the valve means 35 and 38 and between the discharge point 30 and the conveyor 26 and between the conveyor 26 and the reformer 3.
  • a lambda probe 44 is provided in the example, which also communicates with the controller 39 and which is arranged here in the Oxidator effet 25 between the reformer 3 and the conveyor 26, in particular downstream of the flame arrester 43.
  • a temperature sensor 40 and a pressure sensor 41 are also arranged between the recirculation heat exchanger 32 and the discharge point 30 or between the recirculation heat exchanger 32 and the valve device 31.
  • a further temperature sensor 40 and an additional pressure sensor 41 may be provided upstream of the recirculation heat exchanger 32, preferably upstream of a gas flow meter 42.
  • This gas flow meter 42 is disposed in the recirculation line 28 upstream of the Rezirkulationstageübertragers 32.
  • such a gas flow meter 42 may be arranged, and preferably upstream of the bypass 33 and / or upstream of the valve device 38.
  • the fuel cell system 1 can be operated, for example, as follows.
  • the controller 39 can activate the bypass 33, so that the by means of the conveyor 26 to the reformer 3 supplied oxidizer gas recirculation heat exchanger 32 substantially completely bypasses.
  • the valve device 31 arranged in the recirculation line 28 for opening the recirculation line 28 can be actuated for this cold start operation or warmup operation.
  • the conveyor 26 can additionally suck in anode exhaust gas.
  • the controller 39 can select a desired anode exhaust gas recirculation rate or a desired mixing ratio between recycled anode exhaust gas and supplied by appropriately energizing the valve means in FIGS Adjust oxidizer gas.
  • the reformer 3 By a comparatively high amount of recycled anode exhaust gas, the reformer 3 comparatively much heat can be supplied within a relatively short time, allowing it to reach its operating temperature comparatively quickly.
  • the recycled anode exhaust gas Depending on the activity of the fuel cell 2 contains more or less hydrogen gas, by combustion with the oxidizer allow a very rapid heating of the reformer 3.
  • an ignition device 45 for example, a glow plug or a spark plug, in particular between the flame arrestor 43 and the lambda probe 44th
  • the bypass 33 can now remain open at least until the temperature in the recirculation path 28 and in particular in the recirculation heat exchanger 32 exceeds a condensation temperature at which optionally residual hydrocarbons contained in the anode exhaust gas can condense.
  • the bypass 33 is fully open, the recirculated anode exhaust gases cause a rapid heating of the recirculation heat exchanger 32.
  • the avoidance of condensate formation upstream of the reformer 3, which is desirable for reliable and stable operation can be avoided.
  • the control 39 activates the valve device 35 of the bypass 33 as a function of the increasing or complete blocking of the bypass 33.
  • the temperatures observed here are, in particular, the temperature of the reformer 3, the temperature of the recirculation heat exchanger 32, the temperature of the valve device 31 arranged in the recirculation line 28, Temperature of the conveyor 26, the temperature of the anode exhaust gas and the temperature of a mixture of oxidizer and admixed, recycled anode exhaust gas.
  • the supply of the reformer 3 with oxidizer gas and with recycled anode exhaust gas thus takes place via a unit which comprises the recirculation line 28, the oxidizer line 25 and a common conveyor 26.
  • a unit which comprises the recirculation line 28, the oxidizer line 25 and a common conveyor 26.
  • both oxidant gas and anode exhaust gas flow.
  • This unit can be realized in particular comparatively compact, which reduces the space requirement for the fuel cell system 1.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Système de cellules de combustible, en particulier sur un véhicule automobile, comprenant
    - au moins un reformeur (3) pour générer un gaz de reformage contenant du gaz hydrogène à partir d'un combustible contenant de l'hydrogène et d'un oxydant contenant de l'oxygène,
    - au moins une cellule de combustible (2) pour générer du courant électrique par transformation de gaz de reformage servant de gaz d'anode avec un gaz de cathode contenant du gaz oxygène,
    - un dispositif d'alimentation en oxydant (24) pour l'arrivée d'oxydant au reformeur (3),
    - le dispositif d'alimentation en oxydant (24) présentant une conduite d'oxydant (25) et un dispositif de transport (26) disposé à l'intérieur,
    - une conduite de recirculation (28) étant prévue, laquelle est raccordée d'une part à une conduite de gaz brûlés (12) partant de la cellule de combustible (2),
    - la conduite de recirculation (28) étant raccordée d'autre part en amont du dispositif de transport (26) à la conduite d'oxydant (25),
    caractérisé en ce que
    - un échangeur de chaleur à recirculation (32) est prévu, lequel est intégré d'une part dans la conduite de recirculation (28) et d'autre part dans la conduite d'oxydant (25),
    - en ce que la conduite d'oxydant (25) comprend une dérivation (33) contrôlable pour le contournement de l'échangeur de chaleur à recirculation (32).
  2. Système de cellules de combustible selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    un dispositif de vanne (31) est disposé dans la conduite de recirculation (28) pour la variation du débit dans la conduite de recirculation (28).
  3. Système de cellules de combustible selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    un débitmètre de gaz (42) est disposé dans la conduite de recirculation (28) en amont du dispositif de vanne (31) .
  4. Système de cellules de combustible selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisé
    - en ce que la dérivation (33) présente une conduite de dérivation (34), qui relie un aller (36) allant à l'échangeur de chaleur à recirculation (32) à un retour (37) venant de l'échangeur de chaleur à recirculation (32),
    - en ce que la dérivation (33) présente un dispositif de vanne (35), avec lequel la conduite d'oxydant (25) peut être reliée au choix à la conduite de dérivation (34) ou à l'aller (36) ou au retour (37), en particulier également des états de mélange pouvant être réglées.
  5. Système de cellules de combustible selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4,
    caractérisé en ce que
    un dispositif de vanne (38) est disposé dans la conduite d'oxydant (25) pour modifier le débit dans la conduite d'oxydant (25).
  6. Système de cellules de combustible selon la revendication 5,
    caractérisé en ce que
    un débitmètre de gaz (42) est disposé dans la conduite d'oxydant (25) en amont du dispositif de vanne (38).
  7. Système de cellules de combustible selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6,
    caractérisé en ce que
    un dispositif de transport (9) séparé est prévu pour l'alimentation de la cellule de combustible (2) en gaz de cathode.
  8. Système de cellules de combustible selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7,
    caractérisé en ce que
    aucun (autre) dispositif de transport n'est disposé dans la conduite de recirculation (28).
  9. Système de cellules de combustible selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8,
    caractérisé en ce que
    il est prévu une commande (39), qui coopère avec les composants du système de cellules de combustible (1) et est conçue de telle sorte qu'elle peut faire fonctionner le système de cellules de combustible (1) pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé selon la revendication 12 ou 13.
  10. Procédé pour faire fonctionner un système de cellules de combustible (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, dans lequel la dérivation (33) est ouverte pendant un démarrage à froid au moins jusqu'à ce que la température dans le chemin de recirculation se situe au-dessus d'une température de condensation pour des hydrocarbures résiduels contenus dans le gaz d'anode.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la dérivation (33) est bloquée de façon croissante ou complète dès que la température du reformeur (3) et/ou de l'échangeur de chaleur à recirculation (32) et/ou du dispositif de vanne (31) disposé dans la conduite de recirculation (28) et/ou du dispositif de transport (26) et/ou des gaz brûlés d'anode et/ou du mélange constitué d'oxydant et de gaz brûlés d'anode ajoutés et recyclés atteigne une température limite prédéfinie respective.
EP08167684A 2007-10-30 2008-10-28 Système de cellules combustibles Active EP2058885B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007051705A DE102007051705A1 (de) 2007-10-30 2007-10-30 Brennstoffzellensystem

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EP2058885A1 EP2058885A1 (fr) 2009-05-13
EP2058885B1 true EP2058885B1 (fr) 2011-10-26

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US9178235B2 (en) * 2009-09-04 2015-11-03 Lg Fuel Cell Systems, Inc. Reducing gas generators and methods for generating a reducing gas
GB2475495B (en) 2009-11-19 2011-10-12 Alstom Technology Ltd Fuel cell system and operating method
DE102014200569A1 (de) * 2014-01-15 2015-07-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung
CN110957503B (zh) * 2019-11-29 2021-06-04 同济大学 一种燃料电池低温启动的空气加热回流系统及控制方法
AT525676B1 (de) * 2021-11-15 2023-12-15 Avl List Gmbh Brennstoffzellensystem
CN115692792A (zh) * 2022-08-31 2023-02-03 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 一种燃料电池系统及低温怠速控制方法

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JP3614110B2 (ja) * 2001-02-21 2005-01-26 日産自動車株式会社 燃料電池システム
JP3893945B2 (ja) * 2001-11-08 2007-03-14 トヨタ自動車株式会社 燃料電池システム
WO2005050768A1 (fr) * 2003-11-19 2005-06-02 Questair Technologies Inc. Systemes de piles a combustible a haut rendement a oxyde solide a suivi de charge
DE102004002337A1 (de) 2004-01-16 2005-08-11 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Energieumwandlungsvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Betreiben der Energieumwandlungsvorrichtung
US7858214B2 (en) * 2005-09-21 2010-12-28 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for light internal reforming in a solid oxide fuel cell system
DE102006017618A1 (de) * 2006-04-12 2007-10-18 J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG Brennstoffzellensystem
DE102006017616A1 (de) * 2006-04-12 2007-10-18 J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG Brennstoffzellensystem
AT502130B1 (de) * 2006-10-03 2008-02-15 Avl List Gmbh Vorrichtung und verfahren zum betrieb einer hochtemperaturbrennstoffzelle

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DE102007051705A1 (de) 2009-05-07

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