EP2056308A1 - Solenoid - Google Patents

Solenoid Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2056308A1
EP2056308A1 EP08018926A EP08018926A EP2056308A1 EP 2056308 A1 EP2056308 A1 EP 2056308A1 EP 08018926 A EP08018926 A EP 08018926A EP 08018926 A EP08018926 A EP 08018926A EP 2056308 A1 EP2056308 A1 EP 2056308A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lifting magnet
magnet according
magnetically conductive
iron
armature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08018926A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2056308B1 (en
Inventor
Daniel Dipl.-Ing. Brünkmans
Gregor Dipl.-Ing. Kleining
Josef Prof. Dr.-Ing. Elsbrock
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Uni-Gerate E Mangelmann Elektrotechnische Fabrik GmbH
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Uni-Gerate E Mangelmann Elektrotechnische Fabrik GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a lifting magnet, comprising a cup-shaped magnetic body made of solid iron, a magnet armature and at least one exciting coil.
  • Parasitic regions are formed by magnetically non-conductive media, such as air, gases, or non-conductive solids, such as plastic, cardboard, or the like, integrated into a solenoid.
  • the parasitic areas created by such media / solids result in less overall magnetic flux through the iron loop of the electromagnetic system. Frequently, such parasitic areas can not be avoided due to the production, in particular if prefabricated starting materials are used in the production of the magnets, in particular lifting magnets, which lead to gaps or cavities between the individual components.
  • the invention is based on a in the DE 10 2004 023 905 A1 described, referred to as cup magnets lifting magnet, in which the substantial magnetic flux passes through an iron circle, which consists of a cup-shaped yoke with integrated armature counterpart and an anchor.
  • the magnetic flux is weakened in conventional electromagnetic actuators in the form of solenoids substantially by the unavoidable air gaps, so that it is endeavored to reduce the size of the air gaps to a minimum in order to maximize the magnetic To get river.
  • an armature guide tube is centrally inserted into the excitation coil, which is at least partially formed of a magnetically conductive material, wherein the permeability of the armature guide tube is at least partially smaller than the permeability of the cup-shaped yoke, the immovable armature counterpart and the movable armature.
  • the starting point is a tube which has previously been homogeneously magnetically well-conducting and which must be subjected to a heat treatment followed by rapid (shock) cooling.
  • the coil yoke consists of a potting compound with magnetic properties in which the excitation coil is embedded.
  • the potting compound is preferably made of epoxy resin or other plastic, in the magnetic particles or fillers, such as iron filings, are evenly distributed. Such a potting compound results in deteriorated efficiency as compared with a pot-type solid iron yoke.
  • the invention has for its object to take measures to optimize solenoids by avoiding the losses resulting from "parasitic" areas or at least largely reduced.
  • the invention provides that these parasitic areas are filled or replaced completely or at least partially by magnetically conductive materials depending on the technical feasibility and without affecting the required electrical insulation and protection.
  • the magnetically conductive materials can be both in solid form, such as in the form of iron powder (iron is hereinafter always synonymous with magnetically conductive materials), ideally with very small particle sizes below 5 microns (which allows filling of the parasitic regions to approximately 100% ), massive iron sheets, iron filings or the like, as well as in liquid form, such as magnetorheological fluids or ferrofluids.
  • the aggregate state of the potting compound increases with the solids content in the potting compound of a low viscosity at e.g. 50 vol .-% steadily and is similar to just under 95 vol .-% of a paste.
  • the concentration of the iron particles in the potting compound therefore depends on the one hand on the initial viscosity (carrier medium without mixed iron particles), (the lower the initial viscosity of the carrier medium, the more solids can be mixed) as well as on the individual application area by estimating whether the magnetic potting compound still has to be independently flowable, or whether it is also used in the form of a paste with high viscosity [but also a high iron content] by pressing into the air gap.
  • An advantageous possibility of reducing the magnetic resistances in the parasitic regions is the use of a magnetically highly conductive paste of, for example, a mixture of oil as a carrier fluid and iron powder in a high concentration to make the resulting paste homogeneous magnetic conductive by intensive mixing.
  • this paste does not cure, but in some applications is more suitable than a potting compound that hardens after filling the parasitic areas.
  • the in FIG. 1 shown lifting magnet consists of a substantially cup-shaped magnetic body (1) made of solid iron, a Magneterregerspule 3 and a movable armature 6 in the axial direction, as part of the magnetic body 1 is an axially aligned armature 3 armature counterpart 1.1 also made of solid iron. Between the armature counterpart 1.1 and the armature 6 is a bridge 4 made of non-magnetic, ie non-magnetic material. The bridge 4 forms a generally tubular guide element for the armature 6 in the working air gap 5. For pressure equalization, the armature counterpart 1.1 is provided in each case with a connected to the working air gap 5 pressure equalization hole 1.2.
  • FIGS. 2 to 11 represented elements representing the representation of FIG. 1 correspond, have the same reference numerals.
  • the known solenoid according to FIG. 1 contains parasitic regions 2 in the form of air gaps and / or antimagnetic substances between the iron circuit 1, 11 and 6 and the exciter coil. 3
  • the in FIG. 2 Lifting magnet shown consists of a solid iron cup-shaped magnetic body 1 including the armature counterpart 1.1, the armature 6 and the excitation coil 3, which is wound on a non-magnetic coil carrier 7, which is also effective as a bridge between the armature counterpart 1.1 and the movable armature 6.
  • the according to FIG. 1 existing air gaps are thus eliminated by the bobbin 7 and the filling 9.
  • FIG. 3 Lifting magnet shown consists of a cup-shaped magnetic body 1 including armature counterpart 1.1, the armature 6, the excitation coil 3 and a bridge 4.
  • the according to FIG. 1 existing air gaps around the exciter coil 3, that is, the parasitic regions take a filling 9 of magnetically conductive material.
  • the in FIG. 4 Lifting magnet shown consists of a static magnetic body 1 including armature counterpart 1.1, an armature 6, an excitation coil 3 and a bridge 4.
  • the adjoining the working air gap 5 pressure equalization hole 1.2 opens into a
  • the working air gap 5, the pressure equalization bore 1.2 and the pressure equalization chamber 8.1 contain a filling of magnetically conductive material, such as a ferrofluid or a magnetorheological fluid with optionally mixed iron powder or a magnetically conductive paste.
  • the solid iron body 1 consisting of solid iron is designed so that parasitic areas, for example in the form of air gaps, are substantially absent, except for the working air gap 5 between the armature 6 and the armature core counterpart 1.1, which according to the embodiment of FIG. 5 is connected via the pressure equalization hole 1.2 to a sealed by a membrane 8 pressure equalization chamber 8.1.
  • the inherently parasitic regions of the working air gap 5, the bore 1.2 and the pressure equalization chamber 8.1 contain a filling of magnetically conductive material.
  • Solenoid 1 including armature counterpart 1.1, both consisting for example of a magnetically conductive Vergusskapselung, an armature 6 and a coil carrier 7.
  • armature counterpart 1.1 both consisting for example of a magnetically conductive Vergusskapselung, an armature 6 and a coil carrier 7.
  • the bore 1.2 1.2 in the armature counterpart 1.1 and Pressure Compensating Chamber 8.1 receives a flowable filling of magnetically conductive material.
  • the solenoid according to FIG. 9 is made of solid iron, static magnetic body 11 is reduced to a cover 11.2 and the dynamic armature 6 opposite armature counterpart 11.1, which has a working air gap 5 with the pressure equalization chamber 8.1 connecting bore 11.12; the rooms 5, 8.1 and 11.12 take up a magnetically conductive, flowable filling.
  • the field coil 3 is wound onto a coil carrier 7 and embedded in a parasitic areas excluding pot 12 of magnetically conductive material, for example, preferably in the form of a potting compound with admixed iron solids, wherein the rigid potting compound is formed by curing a suitable fluid.
  • FIG. 10 is the existing solid iron, static magnetic body 11 on a dynamic magnetic core or armature 6 opposite magnetic core counterpart 11.1 and a lid 11.2 reduced.
  • the excitation coil 3 is wound onto a bobbin 7 and according to the present invention of a parasitic areas excluding pot 12 according to FIG. 9 surrounded by magnetically conductive material. It lacks here a pressure equalization chamber and the filling of the working air gap 5 and the bore 11.1 with magnetically conductive material.
  • the static magnetic body 11 consisting of solid iron is reduced to a cover 11.2, an armature counterpart 11.1 and a bottom section 11.3.
  • the wound on a bobbin 7 exciter coil 3 is surrounded by a cylinder 13 of magnetically conductive material, preferably in the form of a potting compound with admixed iron solids, said rigid potting compound is formed by curing a suitable fluid.
  • the magnetic efficiency considered here is independent of the switch-on time.
  • the magnetic efficiency is defined as the quotient of the mechanically usable energy released in the stationary case to the ideally converted final energy.
  • the magnetic efficiency also depends in particular on the size of the magnet system; For example, very small magnet systems usually have lower magnetic efficiencies than larger magnet systems, but this is independent of the actual optimization.
  • a magnetic efficiency of about 60% could be measured without application of the principle according to the invention, ie without optimization in the sense of the present invention.
  • the magnetic efficiency was 70%, i.
  • improved by 10 percentage points which corresponds to an efficiency improvement in the range of 16 to 17%.

Abstract

The solenoid has an anchor (6) and a field coil (3) that are provided in area of a pot-shaped solenoid body (1), where spaces provided between the anchor and the field coil are filled with a magnetically conductive material (9). The magnetically conductive material is selected from particle-shaped iron in the form of iron powder and iron boring. The magnetic leading material is embedded in a carrier in the form of flowable product or paste, and is embedded in a casting compound, which is produced by hardening fluid comprising the solid iron.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Hubmagneten, enthaltend einen topfförmigen Magnetkörper aus massivem Eisen, einen Magnetanker sowie mindestens eine Erregerspule.The invention relates to a lifting magnet, comprising a cup-shaped magnetic body made of solid iron, a magnet armature and at least one exciting coil.

Bei der Konstruktion von Hubmagneten in Form von sogenannten Topfinagneten treten sogenannte parasitäre Bereiche auf, die physikalisch gesehen große magnetische Widerstände darstellen, die beim Betrieb des Magnetsystems zu erheblichen magnetischen Gesamtflussverlusten führen. Diese Verluste äußern sich je nach Ausführungsart der Hubmagnete unterschiedlich und verringern insbesondere die Hubarbeit des Magneten erheblich.In the design of solenoids in the form of so-called Topfinagnet occur so-called parasitic areas, which physically represent large magnetic resistances, which lead to significant magnetic flux loss during operation of the magnet system. These losses are different depending on the design of the solenoids and reduce in particular the lifting of the magnet considerably.

Parasitäre Bereiche werden gebildet durch in einen Hubmagneten integrierte, magnetisch nicht leitende Medien, wie beispielsweise Luft, Gase, oder durch nicht leitende Feststoffe, wie beispielsweise Kunststoff, Pappe oder dergleichen. Die durch solche Medien / Feststoffe entstehenden parasitären Bereiche führen zu einem geringeren magnetischen Gesamtfluss durch den Eisenkreis des elektromagnetischen Systems. Derartige parasitäre Bereiche lassen sich häufig herstellungsbedingt nicht vermeiden, insbesondere, wenn bei der Herstellung der Magnete, insbesondere Hubmagnete, konfektionierte Ausgangsmaterialien verwendet werden, die zu Spalten oder Hohlräumen zwischen den einzelnen Bauteilen führen.Parasitic regions are formed by magnetically non-conductive media, such as air, gases, or non-conductive solids, such as plastic, cardboard, or the like, integrated into a solenoid. The parasitic areas created by such media / solids result in less overall magnetic flux through the iron loop of the electromagnetic system. Frequently, such parasitic areas can not be avoided due to the production, in particular if prefabricated starting materials are used in the production of the magnets, in particular lifting magnets, which lead to gaps or cavities between the individual components.

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem in der DE 10 2004 023 905 A1 beschriebenen, als Topfmagneten bezeichneten Hubmagneten, bei dem der wesentliche magnetische Fluss durch einen Eisenkreis verläuft, der aus einem topfförmigen Joch mit integriertem Ankergegenstück und einem Anker besteht. In dieser Druckschrift ist zum Ausdruck gebracht, dass der magnetische Fluss bei herkömmlichen elektromagnetischen Betätigungseinrichtungen in Form von Hubmagneten im wesentlichen durch die unvermeidlichen Luftspalte abgeschwächt wird, so dass man bestrebt ist, die Größe der Luftspalte auf ein Minimum zu reduzieren, um einen möglichst großen magnetischen Fluss zu erhalten. Zu diesem Zweck ist in die Erregerspule zentral ein Ankerführungsrohr eingesetzt, das wenigstens abschnittsweise aus einem magnetisch leitenden Werkstoff gebildet ist, wobei die Permeabilität des Ankerführungsrohres wenigstens abschnittsweise geringer ist als die Permeabilität des topfförmigen Jochs, des unbeweglichen Ankergegenstücks und des beweglichen Ankers. Um den Abschnitt des Ankerfiihrungsrohrs mit geringer Permeabilität zu erhalten, wird von einem zuvor homogenmagnetisch gut leitendem Rohr ausgegangen, das einer Wärmebehandlung mit anschließendem schnellen (Schock) Abkühlen unterworfen werden muss. Abgesehen von einem relativ aufwändigen Herstellungsaufwand enthält dieser bekannte Topf- bzw. Hubmagnet weiterhin in dem Ringraum zwischen der Erregerspule und dem topfförmigen Eisenkreisabschnitt parasitäre Bereiche bildende Luftspalte, die zu einer Abschwächung des magnetischen Flusses und damit zu einem reduzierten Wirkungsgrad des Topf- bzw. Hubmagneten führen.The invention is based on a in the DE 10 2004 023 905 A1 described, referred to as cup magnets lifting magnet, in which the substantial magnetic flux passes through an iron circle, which consists of a cup-shaped yoke with integrated armature counterpart and an anchor. In this document is expressed that the magnetic flux is weakened in conventional electromagnetic actuators in the form of solenoids substantially by the unavoidable air gaps, so that it is endeavored to reduce the size of the air gaps to a minimum in order to maximize the magnetic To get river. For this purpose, an armature guide tube is centrally inserted into the excitation coil, which is at least partially formed of a magnetically conductive material, wherein the permeability of the armature guide tube is at least partially smaller than the permeability of the cup-shaped yoke, the immovable armature counterpart and the movable armature. In order to obtain the section of the low-permeability armature guide tube, the starting point is a tube which has previously been homogeneously magnetically well-conducting and which must be subjected to a heat treatment followed by rapid (shock) cooling. Apart from a relatively complex manufacturing effort of this known pot or solenoid further contains in the annulus between the excitation coil and the cup-shaped iron circle portion parasitic areas forming air gaps, which lead to a weakening of the magnetic flux and thus to a reduced efficiency of the pot or lifting magnet ,

In der DE 101 39 447 A1 ist ein auch für einen Hubmagneten geeigneter Spulenaufbau beschrieben, bei dem das Spulenjoch aus einer Vergussmasse mit magnetischen Eigenschaften besteht, in die die Erregerspule eingebettet ist. Die Vergussmasse besteht vorzugsweise aus Epoxidharz oder einem anderen Kunststoff, in dem magnetische Partikel oder Füllstoffe, z.B. Eisenspäne, gleichmäßig verteilt sind. Eine derartige Vergussmasse führt, verglichen mit einem topfartigen Joch aus massivem Eisen, zu einem verschlechterten Wirkungsgrad.In the DE 101 39 447 A1 is described also suitable for a solenoid coil construction in which the coil yoke consists of a potting compound with magnetic properties in which the excitation coil is embedded. The potting compound is preferably made of epoxy resin or other plastic, in the magnetic particles or fillers, such as iron filings, are evenly distributed. Such a potting compound results in deteriorated efficiency as compared with a pot-type solid iron yoke.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Maßnahmen zu treffen, um Hubmagnete zu optimieren, indem die durch "parasitäre" Bereiche entstehenden Verluste vermieden oder zumindest weitgehend herabgesetzt werden.The invention has for its object to take measures to optimize solenoids by avoiding the losses resulting from "parasitic" areas or at least largely reduced.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass diese parasitären Bereiche je nach technischer Umsetzbarkeit und ohne Beeinträchtigung der erforderlichen elektrischen Isolierung und Absicherung ganz oder zumindest teilweise durch magnetisch leitfähige Materialien ausgefüllt bzw. ersetzt sind.To achieve this object, the invention provides that these parasitic areas are filled or replaced completely or at least partially by magnetically conductive materials depending on the technical feasibility and without affecting the required electrical insulation and protection.

Die magnetisch leitenden Materialien können sowohl in fester Form, wie beispielsweise in Form von Eisenpulver (Eisen steht im folgenden immer als Synonym für magnetisch leitende Werkstoffe), mit idealerweise sehr kleinen Teilchengrößen unter 5µm (wodurch ein Ausfüllen der parasitären Bereiche zu annähernd 100 % ermöglicht wird), massiven Eisenblechen, Eisenspänen oder ähnlichem, als auch in flüssiger Form, wie magnetorheologische Flüssigkeiten oder Ferrofluiden vorliegen.The magnetically conductive materials can be both in solid form, such as in the form of iron powder (iron is hereinafter always synonymous with magnetically conductive materials), ideally with very small particle sizes below 5 microns (which allows filling of the parasitic regions to approximately 100% ), massive iron sheets, iron filings or the like, as well as in liquid form, such as magnetorheological fluids or ferrofluids.

Eine weitere, sehr effiziente Möglichkeit die parasitären Bereiche zu eliminieren, besteht in einem Fluid, welches seinen Aggregatzustand von zunächst fließfähig zu (nach einer gewissen Aushärtezeit) fest ändert. Diese Fähigkeit besitzen beispielsweise diverse Vergussmassen wie vorzugsweise Zweikomponenten Epoxidharze, Zweikomponenten-Siliconharzen, Zweikomponentenharzen auf der Basis von organischen Kunstharzen usw.. Diese Vergussmassen besitzen den positiven Nebeneffekt einer hohen Wärmeleitfähigkeit; sie haben jedoch den Nachteil, magnetisch nicht leitfähig zu sein. Sie werden erfindungsgemäß daher durch Beimischen von Eisenfeststoffen in vorzugsweise sehr kleinen Teilchengrößen von vorzugsweise unter 5µm und mit Volumenanteilen zwischen 50 bis 95 Vol.-%, vorzugsweise im Bereich von etwa 80 - 85 Vol.-%, magnetisch leitfähig gemacht. Der große Vorteil dieser Vorgehensweise liegt

  1. a) in einer zusätzlichen besseren Wärmeleitfähigkeit des Magnetsystems, das mit der magnetisch leitfähigen Vergussmasse vergossen wurde, sowie darin, dass
  2. b) die Vergussmasse in flüssiger Form auch in die noch so kleinsten Winkel des Magnetsystems einfließen kann, ohne später wieder auslaufen zukönnen, da sie ja komplett aushärtet.
Another, very efficient way to eliminate the parasitic areas, consists in a fluid that changes its state of aggregation from initially flowable to (after a certain curing time). This ability, for example, various potting compounds such as preferably two-component epoxy resins, two-component silicone resins, two-component resins based on organic resins, etc. .. These potting compounds have the positive side effect of high thermal conductivity; However, they have the disadvantage of being magnetically non-conductive. They are therefore made according to the invention by admixing iron solids in preferably very small particle sizes of preferably less than 5 microns and with volume fractions between 50 to 95 vol .-%, preferably in the range of about 80 - 85 vol .-%, magnetically conductive. The big advantage of this approach is
  1. a) in an additional better thermal conductivity of the magnet system, which was potted with the magnetically conductive potting compound, and in that
  2. b) the potting compound in liquid form can also flow into the smallest angle of the magnet system, without being able to leak later, since it cures completely.

Der Aggregatzustand der Vergussmasse steigt mit dem Feststoffanteil in der Vergussmasse von einer geringen Viskosität bei z.B. 50 Vol.-% stetig und ähnelt bei knapp unter 95 Vol.-% dem einer Paste. Im Einzelfall hängt die Konzentration der Eisenpartikel in der Vergussmasse daher zum einen von der Anfangsviskosität (Trägermedium ohne beigemischte Eisenpartikel) ab, (je geringer die Anfangsviskosität des Trägermediums ist, desto mehr Feststoffe können beigemischt werden) als auch von dem einzelnen Einsatzbereich, indem abgeschätzt wird, ob die magnetische Vergussmasse noch eigenständig fließfähig sein muss, oder ob sie auch in Form einer Paste mit hoher Viskosität [aber auch einem hohen Eisenanteil] durch Einpressen in den Luftspalt eingesetzt wird.The aggregate state of the potting compound increases with the solids content in the potting compound of a low viscosity at e.g. 50 vol .-% steadily and is similar to just under 95 vol .-% of a paste. In individual cases, the concentration of the iron particles in the potting compound therefore depends on the one hand on the initial viscosity (carrier medium without mixed iron particles), (the lower the initial viscosity of the carrier medium, the more solids can be mixed) as well as on the individual application area by estimating whether the magnetic potting compound still has to be independently flowable, or whether it is also used in the form of a paste with high viscosity [but also a high iron content] by pressing into the air gap.

Erfindungsgemäß besteht je nach Anwendungszweck auch die Möglichkeit, Einkomponentenkleber, Silicon oder ähnliches als Trägerstoff für die Eisenpartikeln magnetisch leitfähig zu machen und einzusetzen.According to the invention, depending on the application, it is also possible to make one-component adhesives, silicone or the like magnetically conductive as a carrier for the iron particles and to use them.

Eine vorteilhafte Möglichkeit der Reduzierung der magnetischen Widerstände in den parasitären Bereichen besteht in der Verwendung einer magnetisch gut leitfähigen Paste aus beispielsweise einem Gemisch aus Öl als Trägerfluid und Eisenpulver in einer hohen Konzentration, um die daraus entstehende Paste durch intensives Vermischen homogen magnetisch leitfähig zu machen.An advantageous possibility of reducing the magnetic resistances in the parasitic regions is the use of a magnetically highly conductive paste of, for example, a mixture of oil as a carrier fluid and iron powder in a high concentration to make the resulting paste homogeneous magnetic conductive by intensive mixing.

Diese Paste härtet zwar nicht aus, was aber in manchen Einsatzbereichen geeigneter ist als eine Vergussmasse, die nach dem Befüllen der parasitären Bereiche aushärtet.Although this paste does not cure, but in some applications is more suitable than a potting compound that hardens after filling the parasitic areas.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand eines Hubmagneten in Form eines Topfmagneten beschrieben.

  • Figur 1 zeigt in schematisierter Darstellung eine Schnittansicht eines bekannten Hubmagneten;
  • Die Figuren 2 bis 11 zeigen in schematisierter Darstellung Schnittansichten diverser Ausführungsformen erfindungsgemäß gestalteter Hubmagnete.
The invention will be described below with reference to a solenoid in the form of a pot magnet.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a sectional view of a known lifting magnet;
  • The FIGS. 2 to 11 show in a schematic representation sectional views of various embodiments inventively designed lifting magnets.

Der in Figur 1 dargestellte Hubmagnet besteht aus einem im wesentlichen topfförmigen Magnetkörper (1) aus massivem Eisen, einer Magneterregerspule 3 und einem in axialer Richtung beweglichen Anker 6, dem als Teil des Magnetkörpers 1 ein axial zum Anker 3 ausgerichtetes Ankergegenstück 1.1 ebenfalls aus massivem Eisen gegenüber liegt. Zwischen dem Ankergegenstück 1.1 und dem Anker 6 befindet sich eine Brücke 4 aus antimagnetischem, d.h. unmagnetischem Material. Die Brücke 4 bildet ein in der Regel rohrförmiges Führungselement für den Anker 6 im Bereich des Arbeitsluftspaltes 5. Zum Druckausgleich ist das Ankergegenstück 1.1 jeweils mit einer an den Arbeitsluftspalt 5 angeschlossenen Druckausgleichsbohrung 1.2 versehen.The in FIG. 1 shown lifting magnet consists of a substantially cup-shaped magnetic body (1) made of solid iron, a Magneterregerspule 3 and a movable armature 6 in the axial direction, as part of the magnetic body 1 is an axially aligned armature 3 armature counterpart 1.1 also made of solid iron. Between the armature counterpart 1.1 and the armature 6 is a bridge 4 made of non-magnetic, ie non-magnetic material. The bridge 4 forms a generally tubular guide element for the armature 6 in the working air gap 5. For pressure equalization, the armature counterpart 1.1 is provided in each case with a connected to the working air gap 5 pressure equalization hole 1.2.

In den Figuren 2 bis 11 dargestellte Elemente, die der Darstellung von Figur 1 entsprechen, haben die gleichen Bezugszeichen.In the FIGS. 2 to 11 represented elements representing the representation of FIG. 1 correspond, have the same reference numerals.

Der bekannte Hubmagnet gemäß Figur 1 enthält parasitäre Bereiche 2 in Form von Luftspalten und/oder antimagnetischen Stoffen zwischen dem Eisenkreis 1, 11 und 6 und der Erregerspule 3.The known solenoid according to FIG. 1 contains parasitic regions 2 in the form of air gaps and / or antimagnetic substances between the iron circuit 1, 11 and 6 and the exciter coil. 3

Der in Figur 2 dargestellte Hubmagnet besteht aus einem aus massivem Eisen bestehenden topfförmigen Magnetkörper 1 inklusive des Ankergegenstücks 1.1, dem Anker 6 und der Erregerspule 3, die auf einen antimagnetischen Spulenträger 7 aufgewickelt ist, der gleichzeitig als Brücke zwischen dem Ankergegenstück 1.1 und dem beweglichen Anker 6 wirksam ist. Eine Füllung 9 aus magnetisch leitfähigem Material, vorzugsweise in Form von Eisenpartikeln, z.B. Eisenpulver, umgibt die Erregerspule 3. Die gemäß Figur 1 vorhandenen Luftspalte sind damit durch den Spulenträger 7 und die Füllung 9 eliminiert.The in FIG. 2 Lifting magnet shown consists of a solid iron cup-shaped magnetic body 1 including the armature counterpart 1.1, the armature 6 and the excitation coil 3, which is wound on a non-magnetic coil carrier 7, which is also effective as a bridge between the armature counterpart 1.1 and the movable armature 6. A filling 9 of magnetically conductive material, preferably in the form of iron particles, for example iron powder, surrounds the exciter coil 3. The according to FIG. 1 existing air gaps are thus eliminated by the bobbin 7 and the filling 9.

Der in Figur 3 dargestellte Hubmagnet besteht aus einem topfförmigen Magnetkörper 1 einschließlich Ankergegenstück 1.1, dem Anker 6, der Erregerspule 3 und einer Brücke 4. Die gemäß Figur 1 vorhandenen Luftspalte um die Erregerspule 3, d.h. die parasitären Bereiche nehmen eine Füllung 9 aus magnetisch leitfähigem Material auf.The in FIG. 3 Lifting magnet shown consists of a cup-shaped magnetic body 1 including armature counterpart 1.1, the armature 6, the excitation coil 3 and a bridge 4. The according to FIG. 1 existing air gaps around the exciter coil 3, that is, the parasitic regions take a filling 9 of magnetically conductive material.

Der in Figur 4 dargestellte Hubmagnet besteht aus einem statischen Magnetkörper 1 einschließlich Ankergegenstück 1.1, einem Anker 6, einer Erregerspule 3 sowie einer Brücke 4. Die an den Arbeitsluftspalt 5 anschließende Druckausgleichsbohrung 1.2 mündet in einen durch eine Membran 8 verschlossenen Druckausgleichsraum 8.1 Der Arbeitsluftspalt 5, die Druckausgleichsbohrung 1.2 sowie der Druckausgleichsraum 8.1 enthalten eine Füllung aus magnetisch leitfähigem Material, z.B. ein Ferrofluid oder eine magnetorheologische Flüssigkeit mit gegebenenfalls eingemischtem Eisenpulver oder eine magnetisch leitfähige Paste.The in FIG. 4 Lifting magnet shown consists of a static magnetic body 1 including armature counterpart 1.1, an armature 6, an excitation coil 3 and a bridge 4. The adjoining the working air gap 5 pressure equalization hole 1.2 opens into a The working air gap 5, the pressure equalization bore 1.2 and the pressure equalization chamber 8.1 contain a filling of magnetically conductive material, such as a ferrofluid or a magnetorheological fluid with optionally mixed iron powder or a magnetically conductive paste.

Bei dem Hubmagneten gemäß Figur 5 sind die Lösungsvorschläge gemäß den Figuren 2 und 4 verwirklicht, was durch die entsprechenden Bezugszeichen und Schraffierungen zum Ausdruck gebracht ist.In the solenoid according to FIG. 5 are the proposed solutions according to the FIGS. 2 and 4 realized what is expressed by the corresponding reference numerals and hatching.

Bei dem Hubmagneten gemäß Figur 6 sind die Lösungsvorschläge gemäß den Figuren 3 und 4 verwirklicht, was durch die entsprechenden Bezugszeichen zum Ausdruck gebracht ist.In the solenoid according to FIG. 6 are the proposed solutions according to the FIGS. 3 and 4 realized what is expressed by the corresponding reference numerals.

Bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Figur 7 ist der aus massivem Eisen bestehende Magnetkörper 1 unter Inkaufnahme erhöhter Herstellungsgenauigkeit so gestaltet, dass parasitäre Bereiche beispielsweise in Form von Luftspalten im wesentlichen nicht vorhanden sind, jedoch mit Ausnahme des zwischen dem Anker 6 und dem Ankerkerngegenstück 1.1 befindlichen Arbeitsluftspaltes 5, der gemäß der Ausführungsform von Figur 5 über die Druckausgleichsbohrung 1.2 an einen durch eine Membran 8 verschlossene Druckausgleichsraum 8.1 angeschlossen ist. Die an sich parasitären Bereiche des Arbeitsluftspaltes 5, der Bohrung 1.2 und des Druckausgleichsraums 8.1 enthalten eine Füllung aus magnetisch leitfähigem Material.In the embodiment according to FIG. 7 For example, the solid iron body 1 consisting of solid iron is designed so that parasitic areas, for example in the form of air gaps, are substantially absent, except for the working air gap 5 between the armature 6 and the armature core counterpart 1.1, which according to the embodiment of FIG FIG. 5 is connected via the pressure equalization hole 1.2 to a sealed by a membrane 8 pressure equalization chamber 8.1. The inherently parasitic regions of the working air gap 5, the bore 1.2 and the pressure equalization chamber 8.1 contain a filling of magnetically conductive material.

Der in Figur 8 dargestellte Hubmagnet enthält einen die Erregerspule 3 unmittelbar umgebenden Magnetkörper 1 einschließlich Ankergegenstück 1.1, beide bestehend z.B. aus einer magnetisch leitfähigen Vergusskapselung, einen Anker 6 sowie einen Spulenträger 7. An sich parasitäre Räume im Bereich des Arbeitsluftspaltes 5, der Bohrung 1.2 im Ankergegenstück 1.1 und des Druckausgleichsraums 8.1 nehmen eine fließfähige Füllung aus magnetisch leitfähigem Material auf.The in FIG. 8 Solenoid 1 including armature counterpart 1.1, both consisting for example of a magnetically conductive Vergusskapselung, an armature 6 and a coil carrier 7. In itself parasitic spaces in the working air gap 5, the bore 1.2 1.2 in the armature counterpart 1.1 and Pressure Compensating Chamber 8.1 receives a flowable filling of magnetically conductive material.

Bei dem Hubmagneten gemäß Figur 9 ist der aus massivem Eisen bestehende, statische Magnetkörper 11 auf einen Deckel 11.2 sowie ein dem dynamischen Anker 6 gegenüber gestelltes Ankergegenstück 11.1 reduziert, das eine den Arbeitsluftspalt 5 mit dem Druckausgleichsraum 8.1 verbindende Bohrung 11.12 hat; die Räume 5, 8.1 und 11.12 nehmen eine magnetisch leitfähige, fließfähige Füllung auf. Die Erregerspule 3 ist auf einen Spulenträger 7 aufgewickelt und in einen parasitäre Bereiche ausschließenden Topf 12 aus magnetisch leitfähigem Material vorzugsweise z.B. in Form einer Vergussmasse mit beigemischten Eisenfeststoffen eingebettet, wobei die starre Vergussmasse durch Aushärten eines geeigneten Fluids entstanden ist.In the solenoid according to FIG. 9 is made of solid iron, static magnetic body 11 is reduced to a cover 11.2 and the dynamic armature 6 opposite armature counterpart 11.1, which has a working air gap 5 with the pressure equalization chamber 8.1 connecting bore 11.12; the rooms 5, 8.1 and 11.12 take up a magnetically conductive, flowable filling. The field coil 3 is wound onto a coil carrier 7 and embedded in a parasitic areas excluding pot 12 of magnetically conductive material, for example, preferably in the form of a potting compound with admixed iron solids, wherein the rigid potting compound is formed by curing a suitable fluid.

Bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Figur 10 ist der aus massivem Eisen bestehende, statische Magnetkörper 11 auf ein dem dynamischen Magnetkern bzw. Anker 6 gegenüberliegendes Magnetkerngegenstück 11.1 sowie einen Deckel 11.2 reduziert. Die Erregerspule 3 ist auf einen Spulenträger 7 aufgewickelt und im Sinn der vorliegenden Erfindung von einem parasitäre Bereiche ausschließenden Topf 12 gemäß Figur 9 aus magnetisch leitfähigem Material umgeben. Es fehlt hier ein Druckausgleichsraum und die Befüllung des Arbeitsluftspaltes 5 und der Bohrung 11.1 mit magnetisch leitfähigem Material.In the embodiment according to FIG. 10 is the existing solid iron, static magnetic body 11 on a dynamic magnetic core or armature 6 opposite magnetic core counterpart 11.1 and a lid 11.2 reduced. The excitation coil 3 is wound onto a bobbin 7 and according to the present invention of a parasitic areas excluding pot 12 according to FIG. 9 surrounded by magnetically conductive material. It lacks here a pressure equalization chamber and the filling of the working air gap 5 and the bore 11.1 with magnetically conductive material.

Bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Figur 11 ist der aus massivem Eisen bestehende statische Magnetkörper 11 reduziert auf einen Deckel 11.2, ein Ankergegenstück 11.1 und einem Bodenabschnitt 11.3. Die auf einen Spulenträger 7 aufgewickelte Erregerspule 3 ist von einem Zylinder 13 aus magnetisch leitfähigem Material vorzugsweise in Form von einer Vergussmasse mit beigemischten Eisenfeststoffen umgeben, wobei diese starre Vergussmasse durch Aushärten eines geeigneten Fluids entstanden ist.In the embodiment according to FIG. 11 For example, the static magnetic body 11 consisting of solid iron is reduced to a cover 11.2, an armature counterpart 11.1 and a bottom section 11.3. The wound on a bobbin 7 exciter coil 3 is surrounded by a cylinder 13 of magnetically conductive material, preferably in the form of a potting compound with admixed iron solids, said rigid potting compound is formed by curing a suitable fluid.

Bei Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Prinzips können beträchtliche Verbesserungen erreicht werden.When applying the principle according to the invention, considerable improvements can be achieved.

Grundlegend ist festzuhalten, dass in diesem Zusammenhang bei der Optimierung nur der magnetische Wirkungsgrad betrachtet wird, da dieser nicht, wie es beim Gesamtwirkungsgrad der Fall ist, von der Einschaltzeit abhängt. Bei gegen unendlich strebender Einschaltzeit mit der daraus resultierenden gegen unendlich strebenden Verlustenergie, nähert sich der Gesamtwirkungsgrad dem Wert 0, da der gesamte Energieaufwand sich nur noch in Verlustenergie in Form von Wärme umwandelt. Der hier betrachtete magnetische Wirkungsgrad hingegen ist von der Einschaltzeit unabhängig. Der magnetische Wirkungsgrad ist definiert als der Quotient, der im stationären Fall frei werdenden mechanisch nutzbaren Energie zu der im Idealfall umgewandelten Endenergie.Basically, it should be noted that in this context, only the magnetic efficiency is considered in the optimization, since this does not depend on the turn-on time, as is the case with the overall efficiency. When the on-time is approaching infinity with the resulting loss energy towards infinity, the overall efficiency approaches 0 because the total energy expenditure is only converted into energy lost in the form of heat. By contrast, the magnetic efficiency considered here is independent of the switch-on time. The magnetic efficiency is defined as the quotient of the mechanically usable energy released in the stationary case to the ideally converted final energy.

Numerisch hängt der magnetische Wirkungsgrad insbesondere auch von der Größe des Magnetsystems ab; so haben sehr kleine Magnetsysteme in der Regel geringere magnetische Wirkungsgrade als größere Magnetsysteme, was jedoch von der eigentlichen Optimierung unabhängig ist. Für einen bestimmten Prototypen eines Magnetsystems konnte ohne Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Prinzips, also ohne Optimierung im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung ein magnetischer Wirkungsgrad von ca. 60 % gemessen werden. Nach der Optimierung mit einer aushärtenden Vergussmasse, die einen Eisenpulveranteil im Bereich von 70 Vol.-% enthielt, hat sich der magnetische Wirkungsgrad auf 70 %, d.h. also um 10 %-Punkte verbessert, was einer Wirkungsgradverbesserung im Bereich von 16 bis 17 % entspricht. Durch Ausfüllen der parasitären Luftbereiche bis zu annähernd 100 % mit Eisenpulver kann eine weitere Wirkungsgradverbesserung erreicht werden, wobei zu beachten ist, dass grundsätzlich der magnetische Wirkungsgrad maximal auf einen Wert von ca. 80 % verbessert werden kann, wobei es sich dann allerdings um ein ideales Magnetsystem ohne irgendwelche parasitären Bereiche handelte.Numerically, the magnetic efficiency also depends in particular on the size of the magnet system; For example, very small magnet systems usually have lower magnetic efficiencies than larger magnet systems, but this is independent of the actual optimization. For a specific prototype of a magnet system, a magnetic efficiency of about 60% could be measured without application of the principle according to the invention, ie without optimization in the sense of the present invention. After optimization with a curing potting compound containing an iron powder content in the range of 70% by volume, the magnetic efficiency was 70%, i. Thus, improved by 10 percentage points, which corresponds to an efficiency improvement in the range of 16 to 17%. By filling the parasitic air areas up to approximately 100% with iron powder, a further improvement in efficiency can be achieved, it being noted that in principle the maximum magnetic efficiency can be improved to a value of about 80%, but this is then an ideal Magnetic system without any parasitic areas acted.

Claims (18)

Hubmagnet, enthaltend einen topfförmigen Magnetkörper aus massivem Eisen und einen Anker, sowie mindestens einer Erregerspule, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Bereich des Magnetkörpers (1), des Ankers (6) und der Erregerspule (3) und zwischen diesen Elementen vorhandene Räume durch magnetisch leitende Materialien (9) ausgefüllt sind.Solenoid, comprising a cup-shaped magnetic body made of solid iron and an armature, and at least one exciting coil, characterized in that in the region of the magnetic body (1), the armature (6) and the exciter coil (3) and between these elements existing spaces by magnetically conductive Materials (9) are filled. Hubmagnet nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das magnetisch leitfähige Material aus in fester Form vorliegendem Eisen besteht.Lifting magnet according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetically conductive material consists of iron present in solid form. Hubmagnet nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das magnetisch leitfähige Material partikelförmiges Eisen in Form von Eisenpulver, Eisenspänen oder dergleichen ist.Lifting magnet according to claim 2, characterized in that the magnetically conductive material is particulate iron in the form of iron powder, iron filings or the like. Hubmagnet nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das partikelförmige Eisen eine sehr kleine Teilchengröße, vorzugsweise unter 5µm, hat.Solenoid according to Claim 3, characterized in that the particulate iron has a very small particle size, preferably less than 5 μm. Hubmagnet nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als magnetisch leitfähiges Material Eisenbleche verwandt sind.Lifting magnet according to claim 3, characterized in that iron sheets are used as a magnetically conductive material. Hubmagnet nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das magnetisch leitfähige Material eine magnetorheologische Flüssigkeit, ein Ferrofluid oder eine magnetisch leitfähige Paste.Lifting magnet according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetically conductive material is a magnetorheological fluid, a ferrofluid or a magnetically conductive paste. Hubmagnet nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das magnetisch leitfähige Material in einen fließfähigen oder pastenförmigen Trägerstoff eingebettet ist.Lifting magnet according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetically conductive material is embedded in a flowable or pasty carrier. Hubmagnet nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das magnetisch leitfähige Material in eine Vergussmasse eingebettet ist, die durch Aushärten eines Eisenfeststoffe enthaltenden Fluids entstanden ist, das seinen Aggregatzustand von zunächst fließfähig zu fest verändert.Lifting magnet according to claim 7, characterized in that the magnetically conductive material is embedded in a potting compound, which has arisen by curing a fluid containing iron solids, which is its physical state of initially flowable too firmly changed. Hubmagnet nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Fluid ein solches verwandt ist, das im festen Zustand eine hohe Wärmeleitfähigkeit aufweist.Lifting magnet according to claim 8, characterized in that the fluid is used as one which has a high thermal conductivity in the solid state. Hubmagnet nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Fluid ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe von Zweikomponenten-Epoxidharzen, Zweikomponenten-Siliconharzen, Zweikomponentenharzen auf der Basis von natürlichen Kunstharzen und dergleichen.Lifting magnet according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the fluid is selected from the group of two-component epoxy resins, two-component silicone resins, two-component resins based on natural synthetic resins and the like. Hubmagnet nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Trägerstoff ein Einkomponentenkleber, Silicon oder dergleichen verwendet ist.Lifting magnet according to claim 7, characterized in that a Einkomponentenkleber, silicone or the like is used as the carrier. Hubmagnet nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Trägerstoff Öl verwandt ist, das durch Zusatz der magnetisch leitfähigen Partikeln in einen pastenförmigen Zustand gebracht ist.Lifting magnet according to claim 7, characterized in that the carrier oil is related, which is brought by the addition of the magnetically conductive particles in a paste-like state. Hubmagnet nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Eisenfeststoffe aus Eisenpulver mit sehr kleinen Teilchengrößen, vorzugsweise unter 5µm bestehen.Lifting magnet according to one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that the iron solids consist of iron powder with very small particle sizes, preferably less than 5μm. Hubmagnet nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das magnetisch leitfähige Material in dem Trägerstoff einen Volumenanteil zwischen 50 bis 95 Vol.-%, vorzugsweise im Bereich von etwa 80 bis 85 Vol.-%, hat.Solenoid according to one of claims 7 to 13, characterized in that the magnetically conductive material in the carrier has a volume fraction between 50 to 95 vol .-%, preferably in the range of about 80 to 85 vol .-%, has. Hubmagnet nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er einen topfförmigen Magnetkörper (1) aufweist, in dem die zumindest teilweise den Anker (6) umgebende Erregerspule (3) untergebracht ist, dass dem Anker (6) im Ruhezustand zur Bildung eines Arbeitsspaltes ein Ankergegenstück (1.1) gegenüberliegt, das Teil des Magnetkörpers (1) ist, und dass eine den Arbeitsspalt überbrückende Brücke aus antimagnetischem Material vorgesehen ist, die einerseits ein Führungselement für den Anker bildet und andererseits gegen das Ankergegenstück (1.1) anliegt.Lifting magnet according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that it comprises a pot-shaped magnetic body (1) in which at least partially the armature (6) surrounding excitation coil (3) is housed, that the armature (6) in the state of rest to form A working gap is opposite an armature counterpart (1.1), which is part of the magnetic body (1), and that a bridge of non-magnetic material bridging the working gap is provided, on the one hand forms a guide element for the armature and on the other hand abuts against the armature counterpart (1.1). Hubmagnet nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich zwischen dem Magnetkörper (1) und der Erregerspule (3) magnetisch leitende Materialien befinden.Lifting magnet according to claim 15, characterized in that there are magnetically conductive materials between the magnetic body (1) and the exciter coil (3). Hubmagnet nach Anspruch 15 oder 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen der Erregerspule (3) und dem Anker (6) und dem Gegenanker (1.1) magnetische Materialien angeordnet sind.Lifting magnet according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that between the excitation coil (3) and the armature (6) and the counter-anchor (1.1) magnetic materials are arranged. Hubmagnet nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an den Arbeitsluftspalt (5) eine Druckausgleichsbohrung (1.2) anschließt, die in einen durch eine Membran (8) verschlossenen Druckausgleichsraum (8.1) mündet, und dass in den Arbeitsluftspalt (5), die Druckausgleichsbohrung (1.2) und den Druckausgleichsraum (8.1) ein Ferrofluid bzw. eine magnetorheologische Flüssigkeit eingefüllt ist.Lifting magnet according to one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that the working air gap (5) adjoins a pressure equalization bore (1.2) which opens into a through a membrane (8) closed pressure compensation chamber (8.1), and that in the working air gap (5) , the pressure equalization hole (1.2) and the pressure equalization chamber (8.1) a ferrofluid or a magnetorheological fluid is filled.
EP20080018926 2007-11-05 2008-10-30 Solenoid Not-in-force EP2056308B1 (en)

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EP0052177A1 (en) 1980-11-15 1982-05-26 WABCO Westinghouse Fahrzeugbremsen GmbH Solenoid valve
DE10139447A1 (en) 2001-08-10 2003-02-20 Conti Temic Microelectronic Coil structure, especially for motor vehicle controllers, has coil yoke in form of setting material in which wire arrangement is embedded and that has magnetic properties
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EP0052177A1 (en) 1980-11-15 1982-05-26 WABCO Westinghouse Fahrzeugbremsen GmbH Solenoid valve
DE10139447A1 (en) 2001-08-10 2003-02-20 Conti Temic Microelectronic Coil structure, especially for motor vehicle controllers, has coil yoke in form of setting material in which wire arrangement is embedded and that has magnetic properties
DE102004023905A1 (en) 2004-05-13 2005-12-22 Bürkert Werke GmbH & Co. KG Electromagnetic actuation equipment for switching and proportional valves, has central guide tube made of magnetically conducting material permeability of which is lower than permeability of yoke and central stationary and moving parts

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