Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
  • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
  • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
  • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
  • F42B12/40—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of target-marking, i.e. impact-indicating type
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
  • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
  • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
  • F42B12/74—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
  • F42B6/00—Projectiles or missiles specially adapted for projection without use of explosive or combustible propellant charge, e.g. for blow guns, bows or crossbows, hand-held spring or air guns
  • F42B6/10—Air gun pellets ; Ammunition for air guns, e.g. propellant-gas containers

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a projectile containing a fill composition which comprises an alkoxylated glycerin.
• the present invention also relates to various applications of the new fill composition.
• Capsules containing appropriate marking materials for use as projectiles in applications ranging from field markers for trees to recreational "paintball" sporting activities are well known in the art (US3,861,943; US 4,634,606; US 4,656,092; US 5,393,054; US 5,885,671; US 6,530,962; EP0786641). Early fill compositions for such capsule projectiles consisted simply of dyes. But as disclosed in US 3,861,943, such
• the present invention relates to a projectile containing a fill composition, wherein the composition comprises an alkoxylated glycerin.
• the projectile may be made of gelatin, polystyrene, polyolefin, or mixture thereof.
• the alkoxylated glycerin may be a reaction product between glycerin and an alkylene oxide.
• the alkoxylated 10 glycerin is a catalyzed reaction product between glycerin and an alkylene oxide.
• the alkoxylated glycerin is a reaction product between glycerin and an alkylene oxide, and the reaction is catalyzed by one of NaOH, KOH, double metal cyanide, or mixture thereof.
• the starting material, glycerin may be crude or refined.
• the 15 glycerin is obtained from a byproduct of a biodiesel process.
• the other reaction starting material, alkylene oxide may be a) one of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, or butylene oxide, or b) a mixture of any combinations of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and butylene oxide.
• the reaction product, the alkoxylated glycerin has a molar ratio glycerin: alkylene 20 oxide of about 1 :1 to about 1:20.
• the molar ratio glycerin:alkylene oxide is about 1 :1 to about 1 :10.
• the molar ratio glycerin:alkylene oxide is about 1 :2 to about 1 :10.
• the alkoxylated glycerin is an ethoxylated glycerin with a molar ratio glycerin:ethylene oxide of about 1 :2 to about 1 :7. In another example, 25 the molar ratio glycerin:ethylene oxide is about 1:2.4 to 1:6.4. In another example, the molar ratio glycerin:ethylene oxide glycerin ethylene oxide is about 1 :4.4.
• the fill composition for the projectile comprises about 15 to 100 wt. % of alkoxylated glycerin, preferably about 50 to 100 wt. % of alkoxylated glycerin, more preferably about 75 to 100 wt. % of alkoxylated glycerin, and most preferably about 90 to 30 100 wt. % of alkoxylated glycerin. 64934A 3
• the projectile fill composition may further comprise dyes, thickening agents, fragrances, glycerin, density builders, surfactants, fillers, polyethylene glycol or mixture thereof.
• the fill composition comprises about 15 to 100 wt.% of alkoxylated glycerin, less than about 5 wt.% of a dye, less than about 3 wt.% of glycerin, 5 less than about 5 wt.% of water, less than about 4 wt.% of a thickening agent, less than about 85 wt.% of PEG, and less than 1 wt.% of a filler.
• the alkoxylated glycerin is substantially in liquid form at a temperature higher than -40 0 C. In one embodiment, the alkoxylated glycerin is substantially in liquid form at a temperature higher than -30 °C. In another embodiment, the alkoxylated glycerin is 10 substantially in liquid form at a temperature higher than -25 0 C.
• the pour point of the alkoxylated glycerin is usually about -20 to -40 °C. In one embodiment, the pour point of the alkoxylated glycerin is about -25 to -40 0 C. In another embodiment, the pour point of the alkoxylated glycerin is about -30 to -40 °C.
• the viscosity of the alkoxylated glycerin is usually about 75 to 800 centistokes at 40 15 0 C. In one embodiment, the viscosity of the alkoxylated glycerin is about 75 to 150 centistokes at 40 0 C. In another embodiment, the viscosity of the alkoxylated glycerin is about 85 to 140 centistokes at 40 0 C.
• the molecular weight of the alkoxylated glycerin is usually about 130 to 1000. In one embodiment, the molecular weight of the alkoxylated glycerin is about 130 to 600. In 20 another embodiment, the molecular weight of the alkoxylated glycerin is about 175 to 400.
• the projectile contains ethoxylated glycerin fill material which has a glycerin:ethylene oxide molar ratio of 1:2.4 to 1:6.4, and wherein the fill material has a pour point between -30 to -40 0 C, a molecular weight of about 175 to about 400, and a viscosity between 85 to 140 centistokes at 40 0 C.
• the fill composition of the present invention may further comprise a pigment, a field or scent marker for use in wildlife control, and a malodor compound. It may be used as fill material for a paintball. 64934A 4
• alkoxylated glycerin in the new composition of the present invention may find applications in other fields.
• alkoxylated glycerin may be used in as a humectant in cosmetic applications, as part of a drilling mud or insulating fluid in oil field applications, in pesticide 5 formulations, in cleaning products, personal care products, or as a part of an animal feed humectant. It may also be used in any equipment in war games or as a part of a non-lethal weapon.
• Figure 1 illustrates the viscosities, at 40 0 C, of ethoxylated glycerins compared to 15 those of PEG of various molecular weights.
• Figure 2 illustrates the viscosity of three different glycerin ethoxylates and PEG 300 at temperatures ranging from 30°C to 100°C.
• the "molecular weight” is measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using the following conditions: The samples are prepared by dissolving them in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature.
• the GPC column is a Polymer Labs Mixed E and the detector is a Waters 410 Differential Refractometer.
• the eluent is tetrahydrofuran and the 5 flow rate is 1 mL/minute.
• Column temperature is 40 0 C.
• Sample concentration is 0.25 weight % and injection volume is 150 ⁇ L. Calibration is performed using Polymer Laboratories PEG 10 Calibrants.
• the "viscosity” is measured using ASTM Method D-7042.
• the “pour point” is measured using ASTM Method D-97.
• the present invention provides new fill compositions to replace the traditional use of
• the new compositions comprise an alkoxylated glycerin, or triol.
• the molecular weight of the alkoxylated glycerin made for the present invention is typically between 130 to 1000, preferably between 130 to 600, and more
• the alkoxylated glycerin can usually be made by a reaction between glycerin and alkylene oxide. Such reaction is usually catalyzed by one of NaOH, KOH, double metal cyanide, or mixture thereof.
• glycerin obtained from a byproduct of a biodiesel
• the alkylene oxide can typically be a) one of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, or butylene oxide, or b) a mixture of any combinations of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and butylene oxide.
• the alkoxylated glycerin has a molar ratio of glycerin:alkylene oxide between about 1 :1 to about 1 :20, preferably between about 1 :1 to about 1 :10, and more 25 preferably between about 1 :2 to about 1:10.
• ethylene oxide (EO) is used to react with glycerin to make ethoxylated glycerin as shown below:
• n may be 0.3 to 6.7 depending on the viscosity and/or molecular weight desired in any particular application.
• the reaction may be carried out at about 130 to 14O 0 C.
• the residual catalyst can usually be neutralized by adding acetic acid or some other organic acid that produces soluble salts.
• the reacted residual catalyst e.g. soluble 5 potassium acetate salts, may be left in the reaction product and no filtration is needed.
• an acid such as phosphoric or sulfuric acid can be used to form insoluble catalyst salts followed by filtration.
• the ethoxylated glycerin has a molar ratio of glycerin: ethylene oxide of about 1 :2 to about 1:7.
• the 10 molar ratio of glycerin:ethylene oxide is about 1 :2.4 to 1 :6.4.
• the molar ratio of glycerin:ethylene oxide is about 1 :4.4.
• the fill composition typically comprises about 15 to 100 wt. %, preferably about 50 to 100 wt. %, more preferably 75 to 100 wt. %, and most preferably about 90 to 100 wt. % of alkoxylated glycerin.
• the fill composition may also contain other components such as dyes or pigments, thickening agents, fragrances, glycerin, malodor compounds, density builders, field or scent marker in wildlife control, surfactants, fillers, polyethylene glycol or a mixture thereof. Water may be added to the fill composition to further lower the cost and reduce viscosity if needed.
• the fill composition of the present disclosure may also contain other components such as dyes or pigments, thickening agents, fragrances, glycerin, malodor compounds, density builders, field or scent marker in wildlife control, surfactants, fillers, polyethylene glycol or a mixture thereof. Water may be added to the fill composition to further lower the cost and reduce viscosity if needed.
• the fill composition of the present may also contain other components such as dyes or pigments, thickening agents, fragrances, glycerin, malodor compounds, density builders, field or scent marker in wildlife control, surfactants, fillers, polyethylene glycol or a mixture thereof. Water may be added to the fill composition to further lower
• PEG 20 invention is also compatible with PEG and may be used as a blend with PEG material in order to reduce the amount of PEGs used in the fill material, thus reducing the overall fill material cost.
• the fill composition comprises about 15 to 100 wt.% of alkoxylated glycerin, less than about 5 wt.% of a dye, less than about 3 wt.% 25 of glycerin, less than about 5 wt.% of water, less than about 4 wt.% of a thickening agent, less than about 85 wt.% of PEG, and less than 1 wt.% of a filler.
• the alkoxylated glycerin used in the present invention is substantially in liquid form at a temperature higher than -40 0 C. In one embodiment, it is substantially in liquid form at a temperature higher than -30 0 C. In another embodiment, it is substantially in liquid form 30 at a temperature higher than -25 0 C. 64934A
• the alkoxylated glycerin used in the present invention has a pour point of about -20 to -40 0 C. In one embodiment, the pour point is about -25 to -40 0 C. In another embodiment, the pour point is about -30 to -40 0 C.
• the viscosity of the alkoxylated glycerin used in the present invention is usually about 75 to 800 centistokes at 40 0 C. In one embodiment, the viscosity is about 75 to 150 centistokes at 40 0 C. hi another embodiment, the viscosity is about 85 to 140 centistokes at 4O 0 C.
• the molecular weight of the alkoxylated glycerin used in the present invention is usually about 130 to 1000. In one embodiment, it is about 130 to 600. In another
• the viscosities of the ethoxylated glycerin are greater for a given molecular weight than for a PEG of the same molecular weight, as shown in Figure 1. This is particularly true at lower molecular weights where the glycerin ethoxylates show the most economic advantage over PEG.
• Figure 2 shows the viscosity of the lower molecular weight glycerin 5 ethoxylates compared to PEG 300 at various temperatures. It is noted that the low temperature viscosity of the ethoxylated glycerin is significantly greater than PEG 300. Because of this, viscosity modifiers can be reduced or eliminated in ethoxylated glycerin based fill composition, hence reducing the cost.
• the ethoxylated glycerins are substantially in liquid form. It is also significant that the 10 viscosities converge at higher temperatures, further supporting the idea that the higher viscosity ethoxylated glycerin will not present processing problems compared to PEGs at temperatures typical of storage and processing.
• paintballs with above fill compositions provide equivalent or superior performance characteristics to commercial paintball fills.
• the fill compositions of the present invention may include other components, including PEG, in order to achieve desired performance characteristics and/or to reduce the cost of the products.
• PEG poly(ethylene glycol)
• alkoxylated glycerin based materials can be made using the following compositions:
• the compatibility of the projectile shell with the fill material is critical to the performance of the projectile. Equilibrium will be reached between the hydrophilic components of the shell and the fill materials. These hydrophilic components, such as
• plasticizers such as glycerin
• Sample B has the best compatibility with gelatin shells.
• alkoxylated glycerin in the new composition of the present invention may find applications in other fields.
• alkoxylated glycerin may be used in a cosmetic formulation as a humectant, as part of a drilling mud or insulating fluid in oil field applications, in pesticide formulations, in cleaning products, personal care products, or as a part of an animal feed humectant. It may also be used in any equipment in war games or as a part of a non-lethal

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

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• 2007
  • 2007-07-26 CN CNA2007800290341A patent/CN101501440A/zh active Pending
  • 2007-07-26 EP EP07872582A patent/EP2049864A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-07-26 JP JP2009522804A patent/JP2009545720A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-07-26 WO PCT/US2007/016835 patent/WO2008094195A2/en active Application Filing
  • 2007-07-26 CA CA002659450A patent/CA2659450A1/en not_active Abandoned

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