EP2049381A1 - Coupling for rail vehicles - Google Patents

Coupling for rail vehicles

Info

Publication number
EP2049381A1
EP2049381A1 EP07765783A EP07765783A EP2049381A1 EP 2049381 A1 EP2049381 A1 EP 2049381A1 EP 07765783 A EP07765783 A EP 07765783A EP 07765783 A EP07765783 A EP 07765783A EP 2049381 A1 EP2049381 A1 EP 2049381A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bolt
wedge
articulated coupling
coupling according
fork
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07765783A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2049381B1 (en
Inventor
Andreas Krome
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
Original Assignee
Schaeffler KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schaeffler KG filed Critical Schaeffler KG
Priority to PL07765783T priority Critical patent/PL2049381T3/en
Publication of EP2049381A1 publication Critical patent/EP2049381A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2049381B1 publication Critical patent/EP2049381B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61G—COUPLINGS; DRAUGHT AND BUFFING APPLIANCES
    • B61G5/00—Couplings for special purposes not otherwise provided for
    • B61G5/02—Couplings for special purposes not otherwise provided for for coupling articulated trains, locomotives and tenders or the bogies of a vehicle; Coupling by means of a single coupling bar; Couplings preventing or limiting relative lateral movement of vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an articulated coupling, which is suitable for semi-permanent connection of two vehicle units of a rail vehicle.
  • Such an articulated coupling is known, for example, from EP 0 456 222 B1.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a suitable for rail vehicles articulated coupling, which is characterized by a particularly easy mounting in stress-resistant design.
  • the universal joint has a fork head referred to as a nut piece with two fork pieces, as well as a coupling tab also referred to as a father piece.
  • a bolt In the connected to a first vehicle unit clevis a bolt is held, which passes through a spherical joint which is received in the coupling tab, which is connected to a second vehicle unit.
  • a wedge To fix the preferably horizontally mounted bolt in the fork piece, a wedge is provided which is arranged in the axial direction of the bolt and has a concavely curved surface adapted to the cylindrical curvature of the surface of the bolt.
  • the extension direction, i. the feed direction of the wedge thus coincides with the axial direction of the bolt. Trained as a close coupling articulated coupling is characterized by a simple design and high rigidity at the same time low weight.
  • the wedge angle is dimensioned such that the wedge is held in a self-locking manner between the bolt and a contact surface of the fork piece.
  • the wedge which fixes the bolt without play in the fork head can be fastened by means of screwed connections on the fork piece and / or on the bolt.
  • the bolt is either completely cylindrical shaped or predominantly cylindrical with an axis-parallel flattening. In any case, the wedge abuts a cylindrically curved portion of the bolt.
  • the wedge-facing surface of the wedge facing away from the bolt may be curved in a convex manner, so that both wedge-acting surfaces of the wedge have a curvature. This forces can be generated by the wedge, which act particularly even radially from the outside on the bolt.
  • the flattening of the bolt may be applied to a contact surface of the fork which is normal to the longitudinal direction of the fork, i. is arranged normal to the direction of travel coinciding with the vehicle longitudinal direction of pull.
  • the contact surface formed on the fork extends, regardless of whether the bolt is flattened, preferably on both sides of a plane which passes through the axis of the bolt and whose normal encloses a right angle with the vehicle longitudinal direction. In the horizontal installation position of the bolt, this is a horizontal plane. On one side of this plane, the contact surface of the fork piece preferably extends over an angle of less than 90 °, relative to the circumference of the bolt, while on the other side of the plane, the contact surface extends over an angle of more than 90 °.
  • the bolt is preferably at a little less than half of its circumference on the fork. This allows a particularly simple installation of the bolt.
  • the fork pieces have corresponding openings, which allow insertion of the bolt substantially in the radial direction.
  • In the assembled state of the universal joint of the wedge is in a preferred embodiment of at least 1/6 of the circumference of the bolt. At least 2/3 of the circumference of the bolt in this embodiment contact either the fork piece or the wedge.
  • For easy disassembly of the wedge may be in these a puller, in particular a peel-off, integrated.
  • the spherical joint which has an angular mobility about all three spatial axes without linear degrees of freedom, can be provided for a grease or oil lubrication and / or executed with a sliding fabric.
  • the outer ring of the joint can be made in one piece or in several parts, in particular in the form of a blasted bearing ring.
  • the inner ring of the spherical joint, which is penetrated by the bolt, is preferably a separate part from the bolt. Alternatively, the inner ring is integrally formed with the bolt.
  • a seal which is preferably designed as a bellows seal.
  • a sliding sealing ring described in the application DE 10 2006 023 566.5 (filing date: 19.05.06) is suitable as a sealing agent.
  • the seal is mounted without limiting the mobility of the spherical joint such that portions of the seal retained on the joint may slip when needed, such as a pivot joint, without risking damage to the seal.
  • clamping elements such as round wire rings or worm springs are suitable, with a bias of the actual bellows material is not required.
  • the clamping elements encompass, for example on both sides of the spherical joint surrounding the bolt support rings, which absorb axial forces acting on the spherical joint.
  • Each support ring is arranged between the inner ring of the spherical joint and one of the fork pieces. According to an alternative embodiment, the two support rings are integral components of the inner ring.
  • the joint coupling has a favorable pressure distribution and, in connection therewith, a high force absorption capacity, wherein a separation or connection of the coupling as well as an exchange of individual bearing elements with little effort is possible.
  • FIG. 1 shows an articulated coupling for rail vehicles in a side view
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the universal joint according to FIG. 1,
  • Figure 3 shows a second embodiment of a universal joint for
  • FIG. 4 shows a sectional view analogous to FIG. 2 of the universal joint according to FIG. 3.
  • FIGS 1 and 2 show a simplified joint 1 for rail vehicles, with regard to their basic function is referenced by way of example to DE 41 21 080 A1.
  • the universal joint 1 is used for the semi-permanent coupling of a first vehicle to which a clevis 2 is attached, with a second vehicle to which a coupling tab 3 is attached.
  • the articulated in all spatial directions connection between the clevis 2 and the coupling plate 3 is realized by means of a spherical joint 4, which is penetrated by a pin 5 which is held in two fork pieces 6 of the fork head 2.
  • the bolt 5 is located in the universal joint 1 in a horizontal mounting position and is arranged transversely to the vehicle longitudinal direction designated as x-direction or longitudinal axis.
  • the symmetry axis of the bolt 5 coincides with the y-axis of a rectangular coordinate system, also referred to as the transverse axis.
  • the clevis 2 has on its underside a horizontally arranged plate 7, which is supported on a bogie, not shown, of the rail vehicle.
  • An axis of rotation of the bogie is with the vertical z-axis, too referred to as the vertical axis, identical, which intersects the axis of symmetry y of the bolt 5 vertically.
  • the bolt 5 can be inserted into the clevis 2 in a substantially radial direction from above, through two openings 8 in the fork pieces 6.
  • lateral stiffeners 9 are formed as integral components of the fork pieces 6 at the upper edge of the fork pieces 6.
  • the bolt 5 is completely cylindrical in the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2 and is located on a concave contact surface 10 of the fork piece 6 at.
  • This concave contact surface 10 has a radius of curvature which corresponds at least approximately to the radius of curvature of the bolt 5 and extends over an angle of almost 180 °, so that no insertion of the bolt 5 in the axial direction, i. in y-direction, is required.
  • the concave abutment surface 10 extends both above and below a horizontal plane E spanned by the x-axis and the y-axis. In this case, the abutment surface 10 covers an angle of slightly less than 90 ° and in the region above the plane E. Area below the plane E an angle of slightly more than 90 °.
  • a wedge 11 is provided, the feed direction of which is identical to the y-direction.
  • the wedge 11 has a concave contact surface 12 which is adapted to the contour of the bolt 5, and a flat abutment surface 13 which is inclined obliquely thereto by a wedge angle ⁇ in FIG.
  • the latter abutment surface 13 of the wedge 11 contacts a flat abutment surface 14 on the fork piece 6, which is aligned vertically and is inclined by the wedge angle ⁇ relative to the y-z plane. Due to the frictional connection between the bolt 5, the wedge 11 and the fork piece 11, the bolt 5 is secured without any weakening of its cross section, both against axial displacement and against rotation.
  • the fork piece 6 has a threaded bore 15, which is aligned with a through hole 16 in the wedge 11 and has a screw connection. ben of the wedge 11 on the clevis 2 allows.
  • 5 threaded holes 17 may be provided in the bolt, which are aligned with through holes 18 in the wedge 11 and allow a screw connection between the wedge 11 and the pin 5. In this way, tilting moments on the wedge 11 can be avoided or at least minimized.
  • the wedge 11 is in any case only so far inserted into the fork piece 6, the mobility of the spherical joint 4 is not limited. Parallel to the y-axis are located in the wedge 11 between the through holes 16,18 peel-off thread 24, which allow easy removal of the universal joint 1 as a puller.
  • the spherical joint 4, which has a rigidly connected to the coupling tab 3 outer ring 19 and an inner ring 20 is protected on both sides of the coupling tab 3 by a respective bellows 21 as a sealing device from contamination.
  • Each bellows 21 is held on the one hand on a parallel to the x-z plane extending side surface of the coupling tab 3 and on the other hand on a bolt 5 surrounding the support ring 25 which is disposed between the inner ring 20 and one of the fork pieces 6.
  • the support ring 25 may also be a part of the inner ring 20.
  • a clamping element 26 made of steel, namely a tensioned around the support ring 25 spring is provided.
  • the sealing device 21 ensures in particular that a sliding fabric 27, which serves the sliding bearing between the inner ring 20 and the outer ring 21 of the articulated coupling 1 designed as a radial spherical plain bearing, remains protected against external influences.
  • the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4 differs from the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 essentially in that the bolt 5 has a flattening 22 on the side opposite the wedge 11, which flats on a likewise plane contact surface 23 of the fork piece 6 is applied. As a result, the bolt 5 is positively secured against rotation.
  • the fork piece 6 has two mutually opposite, planar contact surfaces 14, 23, which are inclined relative to one another at the wedge angle ⁇ .
  • the contact surfaces 10, 12, however, on which the pin 5 and the wedge 11 touch, are cylindrically curved as in the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2. The installation and removal of the bolt 5 takes place in accordance with the manner described with reference to Figures 1 and 2.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
  • Platform Screen Doors And Railroad Systems (AREA)

Abstract

An articulated coupling (1) for rail vehicles is composed of a fork head (2) having two fork pieces (6) and of a coupling link (3), wherein the coupling link (3) accommodates a spherical joint (4) which is traversed by a pin (5) secured in the fork head (2). To fasten the pin (5) in the fork piece (6), there is provided a wedge (11) which is arranged in the axial direction of the pin (5) and has a concavely curved surface (12) adapted to the cylindrical curvature of the surface of the pin (5).

Description

Bezeichnung der Erfindung Name of the invention
Gelenkkupplung für SchienenfahrzeugeArticulated coupling for rail vehicles
Beschreibungdescription
Gebiet der ErfindungField of the invention
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Gelenkkupplung, welche zur semipermanenten Verbindung zweier Fahrzeugeinheiten eines Schienenfahrzeuges geeignet ist. Eine solche Gelenkkupplung ist beispielsweise aus der EP O 456 222 B1 bekannt.The invention relates to an articulated coupling, which is suitable for semi-permanent connection of two vehicle units of a rail vehicle. Such an articulated coupling is known, for example, from EP 0 456 222 B1.
Hintergrund der ErfindungBackground of the invention
Stützen sich zwei Wagenkastenenden eines Schienenfahrzeugs auf einem gemeinsamen Drehgestell ab, so spricht man von einem Jakobs-Drehgestell. Die einzelnen Fahrzeugeinheiten des Schienenfahrzeugs sind in diesem Fall durch eine so genannte Kurzkupplung verbunden, welche in der Regel nur zu War- tungs- oder Reparaturzwecken gelöst wird. Kurzkupplungen können zur semipermanenten Verbindung von zwei oder mehr Fahrzeugen verwendet werden und sind beispielsweise in S-Bahnzügen zu finden. Ebenso finden Kurzkupplungen im Güterverkehr Verwendung. In jedem Fall ist eine Beweglichkeit der Gelenkkupplung in allen drei Raumrichtungen erforderlich. Aufgabe der ErfindungSupporting two car body ends of a rail vehicle on a common bogie, so it is called a Jakobs bogie. The individual vehicle units of the rail vehicle are connected in this case by a so-called close coupling, which is usually solved only for maintenance or repair purposes. Short couplings can be used for semi-permanent connection of two or more vehicles and can be found, for example, in S-Bahn trains. Likewise, short couplings are used in freight transport. In any case, a mobility of the universal joint in all three spatial directions is required. Object of the invention
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine für Schienenfahrzeuge geeignete Gelenkkupplung anzugeben, welche sich bei beanspruchungsgerechter Konstruktion durch eine besonders leichte Montierbarkeit auszeichnet.The invention has for its object to provide a suitable for rail vehicles articulated coupling, which is characterized by a particularly easy mounting in stress-resistant design.
Zusammenfassung der ErfindungSummary of the invention
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch eine Gelenkkupplung mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1. Die Gelenkkupplung weist einen auch als Mutterstück bezeichneten Gabelkopf mit zwei Gabelstücken auf, sowie eine auch als Vaterstück bezeichnete Kupplungslasche. Im mit einer ersten Fahrzeugeinheit verbundenen Gabelkopf ist ein Bolzen gehalten, welcher ein sphärisches Gelenk durchsetzt, das in der Kupplungslasche aufgenommen ist, die mit einer zweiten Fahrzeugeinheit verbunden ist. Zur Fixierung des vorzugswei- se in horizontaler Einbaulage angeordneten Bolzens im Gabelstück ist ein Keil vorgesehen, der in axialer Richtung des Bolzens angeordnet ist und eine konkav gekrümmte, der zylindrischen Krümmung der Oberfläche des Bolzens an- gepasste Oberfläche aufweist. Die Erstreckungsrichtung, d.h. die Vorschubrichtung, des Keils stimmt somit mit der Axialrichtung des Bolzens überein. Die als Kurzkupplung ausgebildete Gelenkkupplung zeichnet sich durch einen einfachen Aufbau und eine hohe Steifigkeit bei zugleich geringem Gewicht aus.This object is achieved by a joint coupling with the features of claim 1. The universal joint has a fork head referred to as a nut piece with two fork pieces, as well as a coupling tab also referred to as a father piece. In the connected to a first vehicle unit clevis a bolt is held, which passes through a spherical joint which is received in the coupling tab, which is connected to a second vehicle unit. To fix the preferably horizontally mounted bolt in the fork piece, a wedge is provided which is arranged in the axial direction of the bolt and has a concavely curved surface adapted to the cylindrical curvature of the surface of the bolt. The extension direction, i. the feed direction of the wedge thus coincides with the axial direction of the bolt. Trained as a close coupling articulated coupling is characterized by a simple design and high rigidity at the same time low weight.
Vorzugsweise ist der Keilwinkel derart bemessen, dass der Keil selbsthemmend zwischen dem Bolzen und einer Anlagefläche des Gabelstücks gehalten wird. Weiter kann der den Bolzen spielfrei im Gabelkopf fixierende Keil mittels Ver- schraubungen am Gabelstück und / oder am Bolzen befestigt sein. Während der Keil eine konkav gekrümmte und eine dieser gegenüberliegende, vorzugsweise abgeflachte Seite aufweist, ist der Bolzen entweder vollständig zylindrisch geformt oder überwiegend zylindrisch mit einer achsparallelen Abflachung. In jedem Fall liegt der Keil an einem zylindrisch gekrümmten Abschnitt des Bolzens an. Die vom Bolzen abgewandte, am Gabelkopf anliegende Oberfläche des Keils kann konvex gekrümmt sein, so dass beide für die Keilwirkung ver- antwortlichen Oberflächen des Keils eine Krümmung aufweisen. Damit sind durch den Keil Kräfte erzeugbar, die besonders gleichmäßig radial von außen auf den Bolzen einwirken.Preferably, the wedge angle is dimensioned such that the wedge is held in a self-locking manner between the bolt and a contact surface of the fork piece. Furthermore, the wedge which fixes the bolt without play in the fork head can be fastened by means of screwed connections on the fork piece and / or on the bolt. While the wedge has a concavely curved and one of these opposite, preferably flattened side, the bolt is either completely cylindrical shaped or predominantly cylindrical with an axis-parallel flattening. In any case, the wedge abuts a cylindrically curved portion of the bolt. The wedge-facing surface of the wedge facing away from the bolt may be curved in a convex manner, so that both wedge-acting surfaces of the wedge have a curvature. This forces can be generated by the wedge, which act particularly even radially from the outside on the bolt.
Die Abflachung des Bolzens liegt ggf. an einer Anlagefläche des Gabelstücks an, welche normal zur Längsrichtung des Gabelstücks, d.h. normal zur mit der Fahrzeugslängsrichtung übereinstimmenden Zugrichtung, angeordnet ist. Die am Gabelstück gebildete Anlagefläche erstreckt sich unabhängig davon, ob der Bolzen abgeflacht ist, bevorzugt beiderseits einer Ebene, welche durch die Achse des Bolzens verläuft und deren Normale mit der Fahrzeugslängsrichtung einen rechten Winkel einschließt. Bei horizontaler Einbaulage des Bolzens handelt es sich hierbei um eine horizontale Ebene. Auf der einen Seite dieser Ebene erstreckt sich die Anlagefläche des Gabelstücks vorzugsweise über einen Winkel von weniger als 90°, bezogen auf den Umfang des Bolzens, während auf der anderen Seite der Ebene die Anlagefläche einen Winkel von mehr als 90° überstreicht. Insgesamt liegt der Bolzen vorzugsweise mit etwas weniger als der Hälfte seines Umfangs am Gabelstück an. Dies ermöglicht eine besonders einfache Montage des Bolzens. Die Gabelstücke weisen entsprechende Öffnungen auf, die ein Einsetzen des Bolzens im Wesentlichen in radialer Richtung ermöglichen. Im montierten Zustand der Gelenkkupplung liegt der Keil in bevorzugter Ausgestaltung an mindestens 1/6 des Umfangs des Bolzens an. Mindestens 2/3 des Umfangs des Bolzens kontaktieren in dieser Ausgestaltung entweder das Gabelstück oder den Keil. Zur einfachen Demontage des Keils kann in diesen eine Abziehvorrichtung, insbesondere ein Abziehgewinde, integriert sein.The flattening of the bolt may be applied to a contact surface of the fork which is normal to the longitudinal direction of the fork, i. is arranged normal to the direction of travel coinciding with the vehicle longitudinal direction of pull. The contact surface formed on the fork extends, regardless of whether the bolt is flattened, preferably on both sides of a plane which passes through the axis of the bolt and whose normal encloses a right angle with the vehicle longitudinal direction. In the horizontal installation position of the bolt, this is a horizontal plane. On one side of this plane, the contact surface of the fork piece preferably extends over an angle of less than 90 °, relative to the circumference of the bolt, while on the other side of the plane, the contact surface extends over an angle of more than 90 °. Overall, the bolt is preferably at a little less than half of its circumference on the fork. This allows a particularly simple installation of the bolt. The fork pieces have corresponding openings, which allow insertion of the bolt substantially in the radial direction. In the assembled state of the universal joint of the wedge is in a preferred embodiment of at least 1/6 of the circumference of the bolt. At least 2/3 of the circumference of the bolt in this embodiment contact either the fork piece or the wedge. For easy disassembly of the wedge may be in these a puller, in particular a peel-off, integrated.
Das sphärische Gelenk, welches eine Winkelbeweglichkeit um alle drei Raumachsen ohne lineare Freiheitsgrade aufweist, kann für eine Fett- oder Ölschmie- rung vorgesehen und / oder mit einem Gleitgewebe ausgeführt sein. In jedem Fall kann der Außenring des Gelenks einteilig oder mehrteilig, insbesondere in Form eines gesprengten Lagerrings, gefertigt sein. Der Innenring des sphärischen Gelenks, welcher vom Bolzen durchdrungen ist, ist vorzugsweise ein vom Bolzen getrenntes Teil. Alternativ ist der Innenring mit dem Bolzen einteilig ausgebildet.The spherical joint, which has an angular mobility about all three spatial axes without linear degrees of freedom, can be provided for a grease or oil lubrication and / or executed with a sliding fabric. In each Case, the outer ring of the joint can be made in one piece or in several parts, in particular in the form of a blasted bearing ring. The inner ring of the spherical joint, which is penetrated by the bolt, is preferably a separate part from the bolt. Alternatively, the inner ring is integrally formed with the bolt.
Ein effektiver Schutz des sphärischen Gelenks vor Verschmutzung oder anderen den Verschleiß fördernden Einflüssen wie Feuchtigkeit, Eis, Schnee, Staub oder eventuell verunreinigten Schmierstoffen ist mittels einer vorzugsweise als Faltenbalgdichtung ausgeführten Abdichtung erreichbar. Ebenso ist ein in der Anmeldung DE 10 2006 023 566.5 (Anmeldetag: 19.05.06) beschriebener schleifender Dichtring als Abdichtmittel geeignet.Effective protection of the spherical joint against contamination or other influences promoting wear, such as moisture, ice, snow, dust or possibly contaminated lubricants, can be achieved by means of a seal, which is preferably designed as a bellows seal. Likewise, a sliding sealing ring described in the application DE 10 2006 023 566.5 (filing date: 19.05.06) is suitable as a sealing agent.
Die Abdichtung ist ohne Einschränkung der Beweglichkeit des sphärischen Ge- lenks derart montiert, dass am Gelenk gehaltene Bereiche der Abdichtung bei Bedarf, beispielsweise bei einem Drehgelenkwechsel, durchrutschen können, ohne eine Beschädigung der Abdichtung zu riskieren. Zur zuverlässigen Fixierung der Abdichtung sind Spannelemente wie Runddrahtringe oder Wurmfedern geeignet, wobei eine Vorspannung des eigentlichen Faltenbalgmaterials nicht erforderlich ist. Die Spannelemente umgreifen beispielsweise zu beiden Seiten des sphärischen Gelenks den Bolzen umgebende Stützringe, welche Axialkräfte, die auf das sphärische Gelenk wirken, aufnehmen. Jeder Stützring ist dabei zwischen dem Innenring des sphärischen Gelenks und einem der Gabelstücke angeordnet. Nach einer alternativen Ausgestaltung sind die beiden Stützringe integrale Bestandteile des Innenrings.The seal is mounted without limiting the mobility of the spherical joint such that portions of the seal retained on the joint may slip when needed, such as a pivot joint, without risking damage to the seal. For reliable fixation of the seal clamping elements such as round wire rings or worm springs are suitable, with a bias of the actual bellows material is not required. The clamping elements encompass, for example on both sides of the spherical joint surrounding the bolt support rings, which absorb axial forces acting on the spherical joint. Each support ring is arranged between the inner ring of the spherical joint and one of the fork pieces. According to an alternative embodiment, the two support rings are integral components of the inner ring.
In allen Ausführungsformen weist die Gelenkkupplung eine günstige Pressungsverteilung sowie im Zusammenhang damit ein hohes Kraftaufnahmevermögen auf, wobei eine Trennung oder Verbindung der Kupplung ebenso wie ein Austausch einzelner Lagerelemente mit geringem Aufwand möglich ist.In all embodiments, the joint coupling has a favorable pressure distribution and, in connection therewith, a high force absorption capacity, wherein a separation or connection of the coupling as well as an exchange of individual bearing elements with little effort is possible.
Nachfolgend werden zwei Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Hierin zeigen: Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungTwo embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing. Herein show: Short description of the drawing
Figur 1 eine Gelenkkupplung für Schienenfahrzeuge in einer Seitenansicht,FIG. 1 shows an articulated coupling for rail vehicles in a side view,
Figur 2 eine Schnittdarstellung der Gelenkkupplung nach Figur 1 ,FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the universal joint according to FIG. 1,
Figur 3 ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer Gelenkkupplung fürFigure 3 shows a second embodiment of a universal joint for
Schienenfahrzeuge in einer Ansicht analog Figur 1 , undRail vehicles in a view analogous to Figure 1, and
Figur 4 in einer Schnittdarstellung analog Figur 2 die Gelenkkupplung nach Figur 3.FIG. 4 shows a sectional view analogous to FIG. 2 of the universal joint according to FIG. 3.
Ausführliche Beschreibung der ZeichnungDetailed description of the drawing
Die Figuren 1 und 2 zeigen vereinfacht eine Gelenkkupplung 1 für Schienenfahrzeuge, hinsichtlich deren prinzipieller Funktion beispielhaft auf die DE 41 21 080 A1 verwiesen wird. Die Gelenkkupplung 1 dient der semipermanenten Kupplung eines ersten Fahrzeugs, an welchem ein Gabelkopf 2 befestigt ist, mit einem zweiten Fahrzeug, an welchem eine Kupplungslasche 3 befestigt ist. Die in allen Raumrichtungen gelenkige Verbindung zwischen dem Gabelkopf 2 und der Kupplungslasche 3 ist realisiert mittels eines sphärischen Gelenkes 4, das von einem Bolzen 5 durchsetzt ist, der in zwei Gabelstücken 6 des Gabelkopfes 2 gehalten ist. Der Bolzen 5 befindet sich in der Gelenkkupplung 1 in horizontaler Einbaulage und ist quer zur als x-Richtung oder Längsachse bezeichneten Fahrzeuglängsrichtung angeordnet. Die Symmetrieachse des Bolzens 5 stimmt mit der auch als Querachse bezeichneten y-Achse eines rechtwinkligen Koordinatensystems überein.Figures 1 and 2 show a simplified joint 1 for rail vehicles, with regard to their basic function is referenced by way of example to DE 41 21 080 A1. The universal joint 1 is used for the semi-permanent coupling of a first vehicle to which a clevis 2 is attached, with a second vehicle to which a coupling tab 3 is attached. The articulated in all spatial directions connection between the clevis 2 and the coupling plate 3 is realized by means of a spherical joint 4, which is penetrated by a pin 5 which is held in two fork pieces 6 of the fork head 2. The bolt 5 is located in the universal joint 1 in a horizontal mounting position and is arranged transversely to the vehicle longitudinal direction designated as x-direction or longitudinal axis. The symmetry axis of the bolt 5 coincides with the y-axis of a rectangular coordinate system, also referred to as the transverse axis.
Der Gabelkopf 2 weist auf seiner Unterseite eine horizontal angeordnete Platte 7 auf, die sich auf einem nicht dargestellten Drehgestell des Schienenfahrzeugs abstützt. Eine Drehachse des Drehgestells ist mit der vertikalen z-Achse, auch als Hochachse bezeichnet, identisch, die die Symmetrieachse y des Bolzens 5 senkrecht schneidet. Der Bolzen 5 ist in im Wesentlichen radialer Richtung von oben, durch zwei Öffnungen 8 in den Gabelstücken 6 hindurch, in den Gabelkopf 2 einsetzbar. Zur Verstärkung des Gabelkopfes 2 im Bereich der Öffnun- gen 8 sind am oberen Rand der Gabelstücke 6 seitliche Versteifungen 9 als integrale Bestandteile der Gabelstücke 6 ausgebildet.The clevis 2 has on its underside a horizontally arranged plate 7, which is supported on a bogie, not shown, of the rail vehicle. An axis of rotation of the bogie is with the vertical z-axis, too referred to as the vertical axis, identical, which intersects the axis of symmetry y of the bolt 5 vertically. The bolt 5 can be inserted into the clevis 2 in a substantially radial direction from above, through two openings 8 in the fork pieces 6. To reinforce the clevis 2 in the area of the openings 8, lateral stiffeners 9 are formed as integral components of the fork pieces 6 at the upper edge of the fork pieces 6.
Der Bolzen 5 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Figuren 1 und 2 vollständig zylindrisch ausgebildet und liegt an einer konkav gekrümmten Anlagefläche 10 des Gabelstücks 6 an. Diese konkave Anlagefläche 10 weist einen Krümmungsradius auf, der zumindest annähernd dem Krümmungsradius des Bolzens 5 entspricht und erstreckt sich über einen Winkel von knapp 180°, so dass kein Einführen des Bolzens 5 in axialer Richtung, d.h. in y-Richtung, erforderlich ist. Die konkave Anlagefläche 10 erstreckt sich sowohl oberhalb als auch unter- halb einer horizontalen, durch die x- und die y-Achse aufgespannten Ebene E. Hierbei überstreicht die Anlagefläche 10 im Bereich oberhalb der Ebene E einen Winkel von etwas weniger als 90° und im Bereich unterhalb der Ebene E einen Winkel von etwas mehr als 90°. Dies bedeutet, dass der Bolzen 5, so lange keine weiteren Kräfte auf ihn wirken, bereits aufgrund der Schwerkraft in korrek- ter Positionierung im Gabelkopf 2 liegen bleiben würde. Um den Bolzen 5 an die konkave Anlagefläche 10 zu pressen, ist ein Keil 11 vorgesehen, dessen Vorschubrichtung mit der y-Richtung identisch ist. Der Keil 11 weist eine der Kontur des Bolzens 5 angepasste konkave Anlagefläche 12 sowie eine hierzu im Schnitt nach Figur 2 um einen Keilwinkel α schräg gestellte ebene Anlage- fläche 13 auf. Die letztgenannte Anlagefläche 13 des Keils 11 kontaktiert eine ebene Anlagefläche 14 am Gabelstück 6, die vertikal ausgerichtet ist und um den Keilwinkel α relativ zur y-z-Ebene schräg gestellt ist. Durch den Kraft- schluss zwischen dem Bolzen 5, dem Keil 11 und dem Gabelstück 11 ist der Bolzen 5 ohne jegliche Schwächung dessen Querschnitts sowohl gegen axiale Verschiebung als auch gegen Verdrehung gesichert.The bolt 5 is completely cylindrical in the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2 and is located on a concave contact surface 10 of the fork piece 6 at. This concave contact surface 10 has a radius of curvature which corresponds at least approximately to the radius of curvature of the bolt 5 and extends over an angle of almost 180 °, so that no insertion of the bolt 5 in the axial direction, i. in y-direction, is required. The concave abutment surface 10 extends both above and below a horizontal plane E spanned by the x-axis and the y-axis. In this case, the abutment surface 10 covers an angle of slightly less than 90 ° and in the region above the plane E. Area below the plane E an angle of slightly more than 90 °. This means that the bolt 5, as long as there are no further forces acting on it, would already be lying in the clevis 2 due to gravity in correct positioning. In order to press the bolt 5 against the concave contact surface 10, a wedge 11 is provided, the feed direction of which is identical to the y-direction. The wedge 11 has a concave contact surface 12 which is adapted to the contour of the bolt 5, and a flat abutment surface 13 which is inclined obliquely thereto by a wedge angle α in FIG. The latter abutment surface 13 of the wedge 11 contacts a flat abutment surface 14 on the fork piece 6, which is aligned vertically and is inclined by the wedge angle α relative to the y-z plane. Due to the frictional connection between the bolt 5, the wedge 11 and the fork piece 11, the bolt 5 is secured without any weakening of its cross section, both against axial displacement and against rotation.
Das Gabelstück 6 weist, wie aus Figur 2 ersichtlich, eine Gewindebohrung 15 auf, die mit einer Durchgangsbohrung 16 im Keil 11 fluchtet und ein Verschrau- ben des Keils 11 am Gabelkopf 2 ermöglicht. Optional können, wie in der oberen Hälfte von Figur 2 dargestellt, auch im Bolzen 5 Gewindebohrungen 17 vorgesehen sein, die mit Durchgangsbohrungen 18 im Keil 11 fluchten und eine Schraubverbindung zwischen dem Keil 11 und dem Bolzen 5 ermöglichen. Auf diese Weise können Kippmomente am Keil 11 vermieden oder zumindest minimiert werden. Der Keil 11 ist in jedem Fall nur so weit in das Gabelstück 6 eingesetzt, das die Beweglichkeit des sphärischen Gelenks 4 nicht eingeschränkt ist. Parallel zur y-Achse befinden sich im Keil 11 zwischen den Durchgangsbohrungen 16,18 Abziehgewinde 24, welche als Abziehvorrichtung eine einfache Demontage der Gelenkkupplung 1 ermöglichen.As can be seen in FIG. 2, the fork piece 6 has a threaded bore 15, which is aligned with a through hole 16 in the wedge 11 and has a screw connection. ben of the wedge 11 on the clevis 2 allows. Optionally, as shown in the upper half of Figure 2, 5 threaded holes 17 may be provided in the bolt, which are aligned with through holes 18 in the wedge 11 and allow a screw connection between the wedge 11 and the pin 5. In this way, tilting moments on the wedge 11 can be avoided or at least minimized. The wedge 11 is in any case only so far inserted into the fork piece 6, the mobility of the spherical joint 4 is not limited. Parallel to the y-axis are located in the wedge 11 between the through holes 16,18 peel-off thread 24, which allow easy removal of the universal joint 1 as a puller.
Das sphärische Gelenk 4, welches einen starr mit der Kupplungslasche 3 verbundenen Außenring 19 und einen Innenring 20 aufweist, ist auf beiden Seiten der Kupplungslasche 3 durch je einen Faltenbalg 21 als Abdichtvorrichtung vor Verschmutzung geschützt. Jeder Faltenbalg 21 ist einerseits an einer sich parallel zur x-z-Ebene erstreckenden Seitenfläche der Kupplungslasche 3 und andererseits an einem den Bolzen 5 umgebenden Stützring 25, der zwischen dem Innenring 20 und einem der Gabelstücke 6 angeordnet ist, gehalten. Abweichend vom dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel kann der Stützring 25 auch ein Bestandteil des Innenrings 20 sein. Zur Fixierung des Faltenbalgs 21 auf dem Stützring 25, welcher den Innenring 20 in Axialrichtung des Bolzens 5 gegenüber dem Gabelstück 6 abstützt, ist ein Spannelement 26 aus Stahl, nämlich eine um den Stützring 25 gespannte Feder, vorgesehen. Die Abdichtvorrichtung 21 sorgt insbesondere dafür, dass ein Gleitgewebe 27, welches der Gleitlagerung zwischen dem Innenring 20 und dem Außenring 21 der als Radialgelenklager ausgebildeten Gelenkkupplung 1 dient, vor äußeren Einflüssen geschützt bleibt.The spherical joint 4, which has a rigidly connected to the coupling tab 3 outer ring 19 and an inner ring 20 is protected on both sides of the coupling tab 3 by a respective bellows 21 as a sealing device from contamination. Each bellows 21 is held on the one hand on a parallel to the x-z plane extending side surface of the coupling tab 3 and on the other hand on a bolt 5 surrounding the support ring 25 which is disposed between the inner ring 20 and one of the fork pieces 6. Notwithstanding the illustrated embodiment, the support ring 25 may also be a part of the inner ring 20. To fix the bellows 21 on the support ring 25, which supports the inner ring 20 in the axial direction of the bolt 5 relative to the fork piece 6, a clamping element 26 made of steel, namely a tensioned around the support ring 25 spring is provided. The sealing device 21 ensures in particular that a sliding fabric 27, which serves the sliding bearing between the inner ring 20 and the outer ring 21 of the articulated coupling 1 designed as a radial spherical plain bearing, remains protected against external influences.
Das Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Figuren 3 und 4 unterscheidet sich von dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Figuren 1 und 2 im Wesentlichen dadurch, dass der Bolzen 5 auf der dem Keil 11 gegenüber liegenden Seite eine Abflachung 22 aufweist, die an einer ebenfalls ebenen Anlagefläche 23 des Gabelstücks 6 anliegt. Hierdurch ist der Bolzen 5 formschlüssig gegen Verdrehung gesichert. Das Gabelstück 6 weist in diesem Fall zwei sich gegenüberliegende, ebene Anlageflächen 14, 23 auf, die relativ zueinander um den Keilwinkel α schräg gestellt sind. Die Anlageflächen 10, 12 hingegen, an welchen sich der Bolzen 5 und der Keil 11 berühren, sind wie im Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Figuren 1 und 2 zylindrisch gekrümmt. Der Ein- und Ausbau des Bolzens 5 erfolgt entsprechend der anhand der Figuren 1 und 2 beschriebenen Weise. The exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4 differs from the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 essentially in that the bolt 5 has a flattening 22 on the side opposite the wedge 11, which flats on a likewise plane contact surface 23 of the fork piece 6 is applied. As a result, the bolt 5 is positively secured against rotation. In this case, the fork piece 6 has two mutually opposite, planar contact surfaces 14, 23, which are inclined relative to one another at the wedge angle α. The contact surfaces 10, 12, however, on which the pin 5 and the wedge 11 touch, are cylindrically curved as in the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2. The installation and removal of the bolt 5 takes place in accordance with the manner described with reference to Figures 1 and 2.
BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
1 Gelenkkupplung1 universal joint
2 Gabelkopf2 clevis
3 Kupplungslasche3 coupling tab
4 sphärisches Gelenk4 spherical joint
5 Bolzen5 bolts
6 Gabelstück6 fork piece
7 Platte7 plate
8 Öffnung8 opening
9 Versteifung9 stiffening
10 konkave Anlagefläche der Gabelstücks10 concave contact surface of the fork piece
11 Keil11 wedge
12 konkave Anlagefläche des Keils12 concave bearing surface of the wedge
13 ebene Anlagefläche des Keils13 plane bearing surface of the wedge
14 ebene Anlagefläche des Gabelstücks14 level contact surface of the fork piece
15 Gewindebohrung im Gabelstück15 threaded hole in the fork piece
16 Durchgangsbohrung16 through hole
17 Gewindebohrung17 threaded hole
18 Durchgangsbohrung18 through hole
19 Außenring19 outer ring
20 Innenring20 inner ring
21 Faltenbalg21 bellows
22 Abflachung des Bolzens22 Flattening of the bolt
23 ebene Anlagefläche des Gabelstücks23 plane contact surface of the fork piece
24 Abziehgewinde24 peel-off thread
25 Stützring25 support ring
26 Spannelement26 tensioning element
27 Gleitgewebe27 sliding fabric
α Keilwinkelα wedge angle
E Ebene x, y, z Längs-, Quer-, Hochachse E plane x, y, z longitudinal, transverse, vertical axis

Claims

Gelenkkupplung für SchienenfahrzeugePatentansprüche Articulated coupling for rail vehiclesPatent claims
1. Gelenkkupplung für Schienenfahrzeuge, mit einem zur Verbindung mit einer ersten Fahrzeugeinheit vorgesehenen, zwei Gabelstücke (6) aufweisenden Gabelkopf (2) und einer zur Verbindung mit einer zweiten Fahrzeugeinheit vorgesehenen Kupplungslasche (3), wobei in der Kupplungslasche (3) ein sphärisches Gelenk (4) aufgenommen ist, welches von einem Bolzen (5) durchsetzt ist, der im Gabelkopf (2) gehalten ist, gekennzeichnet durch einen den Bolzen (5) im Gabelstück (6) fixierenden Keil (1 1 ), welcher in axialer Richtung des Bolzens (5) angeordnet ist und eine konkav gekrümmte, der zylindrischen Krümmung der Oberfläche des Bolzens (5) angepasste Ober- fläche (12) aufweist.1. Articulated coupling for rail vehicles, with a provided for connection to a first vehicle unit, two fork pieces (6) having clevis (2) and one provided for connection to a second vehicle unit coupling tab (3), wherein in the coupling tab (3) has a spherical joint (4), which is penetrated by a bolt (5) which is held in the fork head (2), characterized by a bolt (5) in the fork piece (6) fixing wedge (1 1), which in the axial direction of Bolt (5) is arranged and a concave curved, the cylindrical curvature of the surface of the bolt (5) adapted surface (12).
2. Gelenkkupplung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Keil (1 1 ) selbsthemmend zwischen den Bolzen (5) und eine relativ zur Achse des Bolzens (5) schräg gestellte Anlagefläche (14) am Gabelstück (6) gespannt ist.2. Articulated coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that the wedge (1 1) self-locking between the bolt (5) and a relative to the axis of the bolt (5) inclined contact surface (14) on the fork piece (6) is stretched.
3. Gelenkkupplung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Keil (1 1 ) am Gabelstück (6) verschraubt ist.3. Joint coupling according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the wedge (1 1) is screwed to the fork piece (6).
4. Gelenkkupplung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Keil (1 1 ) am Bolzen (5) verschraubt ist.4. Articulated coupling according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the wedge (1 1) on the bolt (5) is screwed.
5. Gelenkkupplung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Bolzen (5) zylindrisch ist. 5. Articulated coupling according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the bolt (5) is cylindrical.
6. Gelenkkupplung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Bolzen (5) eine abgeflachte, achsparallel verlaufende Anlagefläche (22) aufweist.6. Articulated coupling according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the bolt (5) has a flattened, axially parallel bearing surface (22).
7. Gelenkkupplung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gabelstück (6) eine mit der Anlagefläche (22) des Bolzens (5) zusammenwirkende, normal zur Längsrichtung (x) des Gabelstücks (6) angeordnete Anlagefläche (23) aufweist.7. Articulated coupling according to claim 6, characterized in that the fork piece (6) with a contact surface (22) of the bolt (5) cooperating, normal to the longitudinal direction (x) of the fork piece (6) arranged abutment surface (23).
8. Gelenkkupplung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Bolzen (5) mit weniger als der Hälfte seines Umfangs am Gabelstück (6) anliegt.8. Articulated coupling according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the bolt (5) bears with less than half of its circumference on the fork piece (6).
9. Gelenkkupplung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch ge- kennzeichnet, dass der Keil (1 1 ) an mindestens einem Sechstel des9. Articulated coupling according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the wedge (1 1) at least one sixth of the
Umfangs des Bolzens (5) anliegt.Scope of the bolt (5) is applied.
10. Gelenkkupplung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gabelstück (6) und der Keil (1 1 ) zusammen an mehr als 2/3 des Umfangs des Bolzens (5) anliegen.10. Articulated coupling according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the fork piece (6) and the wedge (1 1) together abut more than 2/3 of the circumference of the bolt (5).
1 1. Gelenkkupplung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Keil (1 1 ) eine zu dessen Demontage nutzbare Abziehvorrichtung (24), insbesondere ein Abziehgewinde, auf- weist.1 1. Articulated coupling according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the wedge (1 1) has a usable for its dismantling puller (24), in particular a peel-off, up.
12. Gelenkkupplung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 1 1 , gekennzeichnet durch einen zum Schutz des sphärischen Gelenks (4) vorgesehenen Faltenbalg (21 ). 12. Articulated coupling according to one of claims 1 to 1 1, characterized by a for the protection of the spherical joint (4) provided bellows (21).
EP07765783A 2006-08-03 2007-07-04 Coupling for rail vehicles Not-in-force EP2049381B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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PL07765783T PL2049381T3 (en) 2006-08-03 2007-07-04 Coupling for rail vehicles

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DE102006036245A DE102006036245A1 (en) 2006-08-03 2006-08-03 Articulated coupling for rail vehicles
PCT/EP2007/056717 WO2008015070A1 (en) 2006-08-03 2007-07-04 Coupling for rail vehicles

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AT (1) ATE484436T1 (en)
DE (2) DE102006036245A1 (en)
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WO2008015070A1 (en) 2008-02-07
US20100006531A1 (en) 2010-01-14
ATE484436T1 (en) 2010-10-15
PL2049381T3 (en) 2011-04-29
DE102006036245A1 (en) 2008-02-07
DE502007005364D1 (en) 2010-11-25
EP2049381B1 (en) 2010-10-13
US7798345B2 (en) 2010-09-21

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