EP2047076A1 - Système et procédé permettant de stocker un additif et de l'injecter dans les gaz d'échappement d'un moteur - Google Patents

Système et procédé permettant de stocker un additif et de l'injecter dans les gaz d'échappement d'un moteur

Info

Publication number
EP2047076A1
EP2047076A1 EP07787340A EP07787340A EP2047076A1 EP 2047076 A1 EP2047076 A1 EP 2047076A1 EP 07787340 A EP07787340 A EP 07787340A EP 07787340 A EP07787340 A EP 07787340A EP 2047076 A1 EP2047076 A1 EP 2047076A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pump
additive
injector
tank
valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07787340A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Francois Dougnier
Joel Op De Beeck
Vincent Potier
Jules-Joseph Van Schaftingen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Plastic Omnium Advanced Innovation and Research SA
Original Assignee
Inergy Automotive Systems Research SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Inergy Automotive Systems Research SA filed Critical Inergy Automotive Systems Research SA
Publication of EP2047076A1 publication Critical patent/EP2047076A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1473—Overflow or return means for the substances, e.g. conduits or valves for the return path
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system and process for storing an additive and injecting it into the exhaust gases of an engine.
  • the change in legislation relating to emissions from diesel vehicles especially stipulates a significant reduction in releases of nitrogen oxide in exhaust gases.
  • the SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) process in which nitrogen oxides (NOx) are reduced by ammonia is one of the technologies of choice for achieving this pollution control objective.
  • An ammonia precursor solution (generally a solution of urea) is then injected into the exhaust line upstream of the SCR catalyst. The operation of this catalyst requires precise metering of the amount of solution sprayed.
  • Patents US 6 041 594 and US 6 273 120 both describe systems comprising a separate pump, metering valve and injector that enable each of these functions to be carried out.
  • the rapid metering valve i.e. a valve operating with an adjustable opening frequency and duration
  • a suitable pump outlet pressure via a pressure -regulating device
  • These documents recommend recourse to compressed air which is mixed with the additive in a mixing chamber prior to its injection into the exhaust gases using an injector. This compressed air would especially prevent clogging of the injector which could be caused by a solid deposit of the additive and/or its degradation products resulting from the high temperature in the vicinity of the exhaust pipe.
  • the pump may be integrated into the tank; the metering valve may be nearer to or further from the injector depending on the space available beneath the floor of the vehicle).
  • the pump and the metering valve may thus be offset from the exhaust line, which prevents them from overheating and increases the metering accuracy of the valve.
  • the injector may be adapted as a function of the size and distribution of the desired droplets.
  • the present application aims at solving this problem by providing a system that is significantly simpler, less expensive and just as effective. Therefore, the present invention relates to a system for storing an additive solution and injecting it into the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, said system comprising a tank for storing the additive and a rotary pump, a metering valve and an injector, this system making it possible to meter and inject the additive solution into the exhaust gases as it is, without diluting it with a gas such as compressed air.
  • the system according to the invention does not comprise a mixing chamber nor any device whatsoever for diluting the additive with a gas such as compressed air.
  • the pump, metering valve and injector are separate devices and the pump outlet pressure is regulated by adjusting the rotational speed of the pump.
  • the additive concerned by the invention is preferably a reducing agent capable of reducing the NOx present in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine.
  • a reducing agent capable of reducing the NOx present in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine.
  • ammonia used directly (which has the associated safety and corrosion drawbacks) or generated in situ in the exhaust gases from a precursor, such as urea (which enables the aforementioned drawbacks to be avoided).
  • the invention gives good results with urea and, in particular, with aqueous solutions of urea. Eutectic solutions (comprising 32.5 % by weight of urea) are very suitable.
  • the present invention may be applied to any internal combustion engine likely to generate NOx in its exhaust gases. It may be an engine with or without a fuel return line (i.e. a line returning the surplus fuel not consumed by the engine to the fuel tank). It is advantageously applied to diesel engines, and in particular to vehicle diesel engines and particularly preferably to the diesel engines of heavy goods vehicles.
  • the system according to the invention comprises at least one tank intended for storing the additive.
  • This tank may be made from any material, preferably one that is chemically resistant to the additive in question. In general, this is metal or plastic. Polyolefin resins, in particular polyethylene (and more particularly HDPE or high-density polyethylene), constitute preferred materials.
  • the system according to the invention generally comprises an injection line intended to bring the additive to the exhaust pipe of the engine that, in order to do this, connects the tank, the pump, the metering valve and the injector; the pump, metering valve and injector being separate devices placed in series from upstream to downstream (following the flow direction of the additive, i.e. from the tank (upstream) to the injector (downstream)).
  • the pump of the system according to the invention is used to bring the additive solution to the pressure required for metering and spraying it.
  • Various types of pumps may be suitable for the application: gear pump, piston pump, diaphragm pump, etc.
  • This pump may be located in the additive tank (with the advantage of forming, with it, a compact and integrated module) or, considering the corrosive environment, be located outside of the additive tank.
  • Its constituent materials will preferably be chosen from corrosion-resistant metals (especially certain grades of stainless steel and aluminium). The use of copper, even for connection components, is undesirable.
  • the pump outlet pressure is regulated by a suitable device which makes it possible to act directly on the rotational speed of the pump.
  • a suitable device which makes it possible to act directly on the rotational speed of the pump.
  • the system according to the invention comprises a return line equipped with a pressure-limiting device and the pump discharges an excess of additive (by intentionally rotating at too high a rate, i.e. with too high an outlet pressure), this excess (difference between the flow from the pump and that from the injector) being returned to the tank via this line.
  • a simple calibrated spring or diaphragm valve gives good results.
  • a preferred device is formed by a simple restrictor on the return line, preferably combined with a non-return valve. The advantage of this variant consists in allowing effective cooling of the metering valve in a simple manner.
  • the pressure-regulating device is located downstream of the metering valve, in a line returning the flow of additive not consumed by this valve to the tank.
  • the pressure-regulating device is located downstream of the injector, in a line returning the flow of additive not consumed by this injector to the tank.
  • the second variant (with excess metering at the injector) is preferred as it also makes it possible to avoid overheating the injector.
  • This variant also makes it possible to easily integrate a purge function in the conduits, especially to avoid damaging them in case the additive solution freezes.
  • a purge valve with a gas (air for example) inlet in the injection line, upstream of the pump. This valve may then, in a suitable position, suck air though the conduits and force the liquid that they contain back towards the tank.
  • the injector enabling the injection of the additive into the exhaust gases is generally located at the end of the injection line.
  • This injector may be of any known type. It is advantageously a nozzle or a sprayer making it possible to obtain drops of solution having a diameter between 5 and 100 ⁇ m.
  • Such a nozzle is advantageously equipped with an orifice having a diameter of around 150 ⁇ m - 250 ⁇ m.
  • This orifice is supplied by a system of narrow channels (3-4) producing a "swirl" (vortex) effect in the solution upstream of the nozzle. Clogging could be avoided by the purge which removes the last droplets of urea; there is therefore no crystallization by evaporation.
  • the system according to the invention also comprises a filter located between the tank and the pump and making it possible to retain possible impurities present in the solution.
  • the pump, valve and injector are separate devices located in the injection line between the additive storage tank and the exhaust pipe of the engine.
  • at least the pump is integrated into a flange present in the tank, in the bottom of it.
  • the pump, the pressure-limitating device and the metering valve are all integrated into this flange, which is connected to the injector via an injection line.
  • a particularly compact system is obtained.
  • the present invention also relates to a process for storing an additive solution and injecting it into an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine, said process consisting in conveying the solution stored in a tank to an injector using a rotary pump and a metering valve, injector, pump and metering valve being separate devices and in injecting this solution into the exhaust pipe as is, without diluting it with a gas such as compressed air.
  • the amount of solution is metered by regulating the opening frequency and duration of the metering valve.
  • This valve may be a piezoelectric or solenoid valve, the regulation of which may be electronic.
  • the system according to the invention comprises a computer connected to the metering valve and making it possible to convey the required amount of additive (especially as a function of the following characteristics: emission level and degree of conversion of the NOx; temperature and pressure; engine speed and load, etc.) to the injector.
  • This computer may also act on the pressure regulation of the pump. It could, for example, be advantageous to increase the pressure for low flow rates.
  • the amount of additive discharged by the pump and not consumed by the metering valve (as a function of the control by the computer) is returned to the additive tank by a return line connected between the pump and the metering valve.
  • the metering valve conveys an excess of additive to the injector which is returned to the tank by a return line that starts from the injector.
  • a pressure-limiting device is located in the return line, which returns the excess flow (resulting from the difference between the flow from the pump and the spraying flow) to the tank.
  • Figure 1 represents a simple system where the metering valve (4) conveys exactly the amount of additive required to the injector (8), the excess produced by the pump (3) being returned to the tank (1) via a calibrated valve (6).
  • the tank (1) contains a reducing agent precursor solution, in this case: an ADBLUE R 32.5 % aqueous urea solution.
  • the possible impurities are retained by a filter (2).
  • the pump (3) allows the solution to be withdrawn from the tank and the liquid to be brought to the pressure needed for the required spraying and for the return flow needed for cooling the metering valve.
  • the calibrated valve (6) provides control of the spraying pressure in the line section (3).
  • Metering of the amount of reducing agent precursor is carried out by opening the metering valve (4), which is electronically controlled, with an established opening frequency and duration.
  • the metering valve (4) is connected to the injector (nozzle) (8) by the line (7).
  • the nozzle (8) is designed so as to spray the solution in the form of droplets, of which the size distribution is in general between 5 ⁇ m and 120 ⁇ m.
  • the excess flow (resulting from the difference between the flow from the pump and the spraying flow) returns to the tank (1) by the line (5).
  • the calibrated valve (6) is replaced by a restrictor combined with a simple non-return valve in the case where the return line (5) is connected to the bottom area of the tank (1).
  • Figure 2 illustrates a more complex system which includes a function of cooling the injector (by excess metering of the additive) and a purge function.
  • This system comprises a purge valve (solenoid valve) (11) which, when the solution is sucked up by the pump (3), is in the open position so as to connect the tank (1) to the filter (2).
  • a purge valve solenoid valve
  • the system also comprises a by-pass valve (solenoid valve) (10) installed in the return line (5) which this time starts from the injector (8) to its intersection with a by-pass line (13).
  • a by-pass valve solenoid valve
  • the valve (11) is a proportional valve. It could also be an on/off valve or a simple bimetallic strip.
  • the system also comprises a purge function for the feed and return lines. For this purpose, the inlet of the purge valve (11) is connected to an air inlet (12). With a suitable position of this valve (11), air may be sucked in by the pump, forcing the liquid contained in the conduits back towards the tank (1).
  • the lines illustrated are, in addition, equipped with a known heating device.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a system that fulfils the same functions as that of Figure 2.
  • the components filter (2), pump (3), metering valve (4), purge valve (11), calibrated valve (6), by-pass valve (10)) have however been integrated inside the tank (1), resulting in a particularly compact system.

Abstract

Le système de la présente invention permet de stocker une solution d'additif et de l'injecter dans les gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne, ledit système comprenant un réservoir (1) permettant de stocker l'additif et une pompe rotative (3), une valve doseuse (4) et un injecteur (8) qui sont des dispositifs séparés, ledit système rendant possible le dosage et l'injection de la solution d'additif dans les gaz d'échappement tel quel, sans la diluer avec un gaz. Dans ce système, la pression à la sortie de la pompe est régulée en ajustant la vitesse de rotation de la pompe. La présente invention a également trait à un procédé utilisant un tel système.
EP07787340A 2006-07-13 2007-07-11 Système et procédé permettant de stocker un additif et de l'injecter dans les gaz d'échappement d'un moteur Withdrawn EP2047076A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0606425 2006-07-13
PCT/EP2007/057066 WO2008006840A1 (fr) 2006-07-13 2007-07-11 Système et procédé permettant de stocker un additif et de l'injecter dans les gaz d'échappement d'un moteur

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2047076A1 true EP2047076A1 (fr) 2009-04-15

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07787340A Withdrawn EP2047076A1 (fr) 2006-07-13 2007-07-11 Système et procédé permettant de stocker un additif et de l'injecter dans les gaz d'échappement d'un moteur

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20090205316A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2047076A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101506482A (fr)
WO (1) WO2008006840A1 (fr)

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CN101506482A (zh) 2009-08-12

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