EP2045827B1 - Chambre de coupure de disjoncteur à double volume de compression - Google Patents

Chambre de coupure de disjoncteur à double volume de compression Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2045827B1
EP2045827B1 EP08165337.0A EP08165337A EP2045827B1 EP 2045827 B1 EP2045827 B1 EP 2045827B1 EP 08165337 A EP08165337 A EP 08165337A EP 2045827 B1 EP2045827 B1 EP 2045827B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
compression chamber
compression
current interrupting
opening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP08165337.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2045827A1 (fr
Inventor
Denis Dufournet
Dan Penache
Michel Tresy
Michel Perret
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Technology GmbH
Original Assignee
Alstom Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Technology AG filed Critical Alstom Technology AG
Publication of EP2045827A1 publication Critical patent/EP2045827A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2045827B1 publication Critical patent/EP2045827B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/905—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism the compression volume being formed by a movable cylinder and a semi-mobile piston
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H2033/906—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism with pressure limitation in the compression volume, e.g. by valves or bleeder openings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H2033/908—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism using valves for regulating communication between, e.g. arc space, hot volume, compression volume, surrounding volume

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of breaking chambers of power circuit breakers, and more particularly that of double volume compression breaking chambers.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for high-voltage use, for example for voltages greater than or equal to about 72.5 kV.
  • circuit breakers In the field of circuit breakers, and particularly that of power circuit breakers, it is important to use the least possible operating energy to cut off currents, whether fault currents, for example short-circuit currents, or load currents such as vacuum line currents.
  • the documents US 4,559,425 and US 3,975,602 disclose self-blowing circuit breakers that compress a dielectric gas to blow an arc that is formed between arcing contacts during a power failure operation, or opening operation of the circuit breaker. Compression is generally performed by an operating member actuating a moving part, such as a piston, in the breaking chamber.
  • These circuit breakers also use the energy provided by the arc under heat, thereby reducing external power consumption compared to conventional gas compression circuit breakers.
  • the stroke of the moving part of the breaking chamber producing the compression is approximately proportional to the nominal voltage of the circuit breaker.
  • the energy provided by the arc is much less important than when the current is high, and if moreover the duration of the arc is long (between about 13 and 20 ms), there is a risk that the blowing is insufficient to ensure the interruption of the current.
  • EP 0 821 382 A discloses a current-breaking chamber according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the document FR 2,892,851 discloses a current breaking chamber of a circuit breaker having two compression chambers cooperating during an opening operation of the circuit breaker.
  • the second compression chamber injects dielectric fluid into the first compression chamber during a portion of the circuit breaker opening operation, when the pressure in the first compression chamber is less than the pressure in the second compression chamber.
  • the cooperation between the two compression chambers makes it possible, during a strong power failure, to preserve the advantages of a reduced compression stroke produced by the first compression chamber, and when a cut of a weak current, to achieve this cut without unnecessarily increasing the external power consumption whatever the duration of the arc, and in particular when the duration of arc is long.
  • a dielectric breakdown can occur at the circuit breaker, in particular between the circuit breaker arcing contacts, during the breaking of the capacitive currents if the dielectric strength between contacts is lower than the voltage restored after cutoff imposed by the network. If this breakdown occurs between the instant corresponding to the cutoff and a quarter of the period of the mains voltage imposed on the circuit breaker after the cut-off time, this breakdown causes the circuit-breaker to re-ignite. Such a reignition does not produce an overvoltage on the network but can lead to damage to the insulators, for example that used for the circuit breaker nozzle.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a breaking chamber, used in particular in a power circuit breaker, for cutting off both strong and low currents, while avoiding unnecessarily increasing the external energy consumption by the circuit breaker, be there duration of the arc, and also to cut optimally capacitive currents.
  • the invention proposes a current cutoff chamber, intended to be used in a circuit breaker, filled with a dielectric fluid.
  • This chamber comprises a movable assembly, moving axially between a start position and an end of operation opening position of the circuit breaker.
  • the moving assembly comprises at least a first compression chamber whose volume decreases between the opening operation opening position of the circuit breaker and a compression end position of the first compression chamber.
  • the movable assembly also comprises a hollow actuating tube comprising at one end at least a first arcing contact, intended to cooperate with a second arcing contact, and openings communicating the inside of the operating tube with the outside the current-breaking chamber, the inside of the operating tube communicating with the first compression chamber between a separation position of the two arcing contacts and the end-of-operation position of opening of the circuit breaker.
  • the movable assembly further comprises a second compression chamber, communicating at a first end with the first compression chamber, the volume of which decreases between the position of separation of the contacts and the end position of the opening operation of the circuit breaker, for injecting dielectric fluid into the first compression chamber between the separation position of the two arcing contacts and the end-of-operation position of opening of the circuit breaker, when the pressure in the first compression chamber is lower than the pressure in the second compression chamber.
  • the moving assembly also comprises means obstructing the openings of the operating tube from the opening operation opening position of the circuit breaker to an intermediate position reached between the position of separation of the two arcing contacts and the position of end of opening operation of the circuit breaker.
  • the compression end position of the first compression chamber is reached before the end of the circuit breaker opening operation position, and a compression end position of the second compression chamber is reached after the compression end position of the first compression chamber.
  • the cooperation between the two compression chambers makes it possible, during a strong power failure, to retain the advantages of a reduced compression stroke produced by the first compression chamber, and during a cutoff of a low current, to achieve this break without unnecessarily increasing the external power consumption of the circuit breaker, regardless of the duration of the arc and in particular when the arc duration is long.
  • the second compression chamber allows to maintain the blowing of the arc, initially produced by the first compression chamber, during the entire arc duration, and this by avoiding excessive external energy consumption thanks to the use of the energy supplied by the arc for the duration of the blowing.
  • the power cutoff chamber may include a first compression volume that becomes a thermal expansion volume for arc blowing when the compression in that volume is complete, and further comprises a second compression volume.
  • the first compression chamber can be quickly put under overpressure using the displacement of the arcing contacts during only a first part of the total stroke of the moving assembly. The compression in the first chamber is therefore performed during a reduced compression stroke, allowing a rapid increase in pressure, and involving blowing performance higher than those devices whose compression is performed during the entire displacement stroke.
  • the second compression chamber then intervenes as needed to contribute to the end-of-stroke blow-out of the arcing contacts.
  • the use of the breaking chamber according to the invention in a circuit breaker makes it possible to use operating members comprising a spring mechanism requiring little energy.
  • the means obstructing the openings of the operating tube from the opening operation opening position of the circuit breaker to an intermediate position reached between a position of separation of the two arcing contacts and the end position of opening operation of the circuit breaker, or between the position of separation of the two arcing contacts and an opening position of the first compression chamber obtained during the separation of one of the arcing contacts with a nozzle (this contact arc and the nozzle cooperating to close the first compression chamber at one of its ends), allow the volume of the operating tube to be overpressured at the same time as the first compression chamber before the separation of the contacts arc and practically keep this overpressure for a few milliseconds after the separation of the contacts, and thus maintain a high density of gas between the arcing contacts during the critical period of time.
  • the dimensions and the positioning of the obstruction means of the openings relative to the maneuvering tube may be such that the intermediate position is reached after a duration of between about 2 ms and 7 ms, after the position of separation of the two arc contacts. . After this time, the arcing contacts can be quite far apart, thus eliminating the risk of dielectric breakdown occurring between the arcing contacts.
  • the means for obstructing the openings of the maneuvering tube may comprise at least one deflector disposed inside the operating tube.
  • the baffle may be movable relative to the maneuvering tube.
  • the first compression chamber may be formed by at least a first tubular element.
  • the second compression chamber may be formed by at least two second coaxial tubular members.
  • One of the two second tubular elements may at least partly form the operating tube.
  • the second compression chamber may be closed at a second end by at least one sleeve disposed between the two second coaxial tubular elements.
  • the means for obstructing the openings of the maneuvering tube may comprise the sleeve.
  • the maneuvering tube may be movable relative to the sleeve.
  • the first compression chamber may comprise at one end a nozzle intended to cooperate with the second arcing contact to effect an opening of the first compression chamber between said intermediate position and the end position of the opening operation of the circuit breaker.
  • the second compression chamber can communicate with the first compression chamber via at least one valve.
  • the first and second arcing contacts may be axially movable relative to each other.
  • the invention also relates to a circuit breaker comprising a current-breaking chamber as described above.
  • the figure 1 represents a current-breaking chamber 100 according to a particular embodiment.
  • the breaking chamber 100 is in the engaged position, that is to say in the position in which is the interrupting chamber 100 at the beginning of a power failure operation, that is to say at the beginning of an operation of opening of the circuit breaker including the breaking chamber 100.
  • the breaking chamber 100 comprises a casing 102 filled with a dielectric fluid, here a dielectric gas, under pressure.
  • a dielectric fluid here a dielectric gas
  • This gas may for example be sulfur hexafluoride ( SF 6 ), nitrogen ( N 2 ), dry air, carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ) or a gaseous mixture.
  • the cutting chamber 100 comprises a first tubular element 104 forming a first compression chamber 106.
  • This first compression chamber 106 is closed in particular at a first end by an operating tube 108.
  • the first tubular element 104 forms, at the level of a second end of the first compression chamber 106, a nozzle 110.
  • the interrupting chamber 100 also comprises a first and a second arcing contact, respectively 112 and 114, movable relative to each other along an axis AA.
  • the second arc contact 114 cooperates with the nozzle 110 to close the first compression chamber 106 at its second end.
  • the first arcing contact 112 is movable and the second arcing contact 114 is fixed.
  • the first arcing contact 112, here integrated at one end of the operating tube 108 is disposed inside the first compression chamber 106.
  • the breaking chamber 100 comprises at least two second tubular elements 116 and 118, coaxial with respect to the axis AA.
  • One of the two second tubular elements 116 forms part of the operating tube 108.
  • the space between the two second tubular elements 116 and 118 forms a second compression chamber 120.
  • the volume of the second compression chamber 120 is less than that of the first compression chamber 106.
  • the second compression chamber 120 communicates with the first compression chamber 106, at a first end, with at least one valve 122, for example a one-way valve, integrated with the operating tube 108.
  • This valve 122 opens only when the pressure in the second compression chamber 120 is greater than that in the first compression chamber 106.
  • the second compression chamber 120 is closed at a second end by a sleeve 124 having a filling valve 126 used after the operation. opening circuit breaker, so that gas can enter the second compression chamber 120 when the interrupting chamber 100 returns to the engaged position.
  • the interrupting chamber 100 also has permanent contacts 128, 130 causing the current to flow through the circuit breaker when the interrupting chamber 100 is in the engaged position.
  • the permanent contacts 128, 130 are axially movable relative to each other along the axis AA. In the mode of embodiment described here, only the contact 130, integrated with the first tubular element 104, is movable.
  • the first tubular element 104 is connected to a rod 132 from which operating means of the circuit breaker, not shown on the figure 1 , can realize the opening of the circuit breaker.
  • This rod 132 is integral with a deflector 134 disposed inside the operating tube 108, and here inside the second tubular element 116, and closes the inside of the operating tube 108 at one end, other end being closed by the arcing contacts 112 and 114.
  • the deflector 134 is also movable relative to the operating tube 108 along the axis AA.
  • Openings 136 are made through the second tubular element 116 and make it possible to communicate the inside of the operating tube 108 with the rest of the envelope 102. figure 1 these openings 136 are obstructed by the deflector 134 and the sleeve 124.
  • the first tubular element 104, the operating tube 108, the second tubular elements 116, 118, the rod 132 and the deflector 134 form a mobile assembly 138 adapted to be displaced along the axis AA in the casing 2 during the operation circuit breaker opening, or the power failure operation.
  • the figure 2 represents the interrupting chamber 100 in the compression end position of the first compression chamber 106.
  • the first tubular element 104, the rod 132 and the deflector 134 have been moved along the axis AA by operating means, not shown, connected to the rod 132.
  • the displacement of the first tubular element 104 here reduces the volume of the first compression chamber 106 because the operating tube 108 and the second tubular elements 116, 118 remain stationary, thus increasing the pressure inside the first compression chamber 106
  • metal balls as on the Figure 2A of the document FR 2892851 ; but other means are possible.
  • the axial displacement stroke achieved during this portion of the circuit breaker opening operation is about one third to one half of the total axial displacement stroke of a circuit breaker opening operation.
  • the permanent contacts 128 and 130 are no longer in contact with each other, unlike the arcing contacts 112, 114 which are still in contact with each other. Therefore, in the compression end position of the first compression chamber 106, the current passes only through the arcing contacts 112, 114. The arcing contacts 112, 114 therefore remain in contact during the entire compression phase. of the first chamber 106.
  • the deflector 134 has been moved axially inside the operating tube 108, here over a distance equivalent to that traveled by the first tubular element 104. On the figure 2 the deflector 134 no longer closes the openings 136. However, these openings 136 are still obstructed by the sleeve 124.
  • the figure 3 represents the breaking chamber 100 after the separation of the arc contacts 112, 114.
  • the moving assembly 138 With respect to the compression end position of the first compression chamber 106, the moving assembly 138 has moved along the axis AA relative to the fixed elements of the circuit breaker, here the second arcing contact 114, the permanent contact 128 and the sleeve 124.
  • the arcing contacts 112 and 114 are no longer in contact with each other.
  • the operating tube 108 and the second tubular elements 116, 118 are driven in movement along the axis AA by the first tubular element 104.
  • the separation of the arcing contacts 112, 114 causes the formation of an arc between these two arcing contacts 112, 114, as well as the setting in communication of the volume of the first compression chamber 106 with that of the inside of the operating tube 108.
  • the openings 136 are no longer obstructed by the deflector 134 but only by the sleeve 124.
  • the volume formed by that of the first compression chamber 106 and that of the inside of the maneuvering tube is thus closed at a first end by the deflector 134 and the sleeve 124, and at a second end by the second arc contact 114 cooperating with the nozzle 110.
  • the volume of the second chamber of compression 120 has also been reduced by the displacement of the tubular elements 116, 118 relative to the sleeve 124, thus increasing the pressure inside the second chamber 120. Since the compression in the first compression chamber 106 is complete and that the compression of the gas takes place only in the second chamber, the energy used for the displacement of the moving assembly 138 is less than that used for the compression of the first chamber 106.
  • the figure 4 represents the breaking chamber 100 in a position where the openings 136 are no longer obstructed.
  • the volume formed by that of the first compression chamber 106 and that of the inside of the operating tube 108 is therefore always closed at its second end by the nozzle 110 and the second arc contact 114, but is open at level of its first end through the openings 136 which are no longer obstructed.
  • an intermediate position from which the openings 136 are no longer obstructed corresponds to a position reached between that represented on the figure 3 and the one represented on the figure 4 , or between a position of separation of the arcing contacts and a position of opening end of the circuit breaker, or between a position of separation of the arcing contacts and an opening position of the first compression chamber 106 by the separation of the nozzle 110 and the second arc contact 114.
  • the duration corresponding to the passage of the separation position of the two arcing contacts 112, 114 to the intermediate position can be adjusted thanks to the dimensions of the openings 136, the deflector 134 and the sleeve 124, and the positioning of these elements. one against another.
  • This duration may in particular be adjusted so that it is between about a quarter of a period and half a period of a mains voltage applied to the circuit breaker after the position of separation of the two arcing contacts 112, 114.
  • this duration is between about 5 ms and 10 ms in the case of a mains voltage whose frequency is equal to 50 Hz, and is between about 4.2 ms and 8.3 ms in the case of a mains voltage whose frequency is equal to 60 Hz.
  • this duration is adjusted so that it is between about 2 ms and 7 ms after the position of separation of the two arcing contacts 112, 114.
  • the openings 136 are no longer obstructed because the distance between the arcing contacts 112, 114 is such that there is no longer any risk of dielectric breakdown between the arcing contacts 112, 114 during a capacitive power failure.
  • the figure 5 represents the interrupting chamber 100 in the end position of the circuit breaker opening operation, corresponding to a compression end position of the second compression chamber 120.
  • the blowing carried out by the first compression chamber 106 is sufficient to extinguish the arc.
  • the energy provided by the arc is sufficient for the blowing created by the first compression chamber 106 extinguishes the arc.
  • the duration of the arc is long, and the value of the current is weak, that is to say less than approximately 30% of the default value, the energy brought by the arc is insufficient. for the blowing created by the first compression chamber 106 extinguishes the arc.
  • the arc is therefore always present after the decompression of the gas present in the first chamber 106.
  • the pressure in the first compression chamber 106 is then lower than that in the second compression chamber 120, which causes the opening of the valve 122. Gas is then blown from the second compression chamber 120, and this continuous blowing until the moving assembly 138 reaches the end of travel or the arc goes out.
  • the present invention also relates to a circuit breaker 200, shown in FIG. figure 6 , comprising a breaking chamber 100 as described above.
  • This circuit breaker 200 is, for example, a high or medium voltage power circuit breaker, that is to say used for voltages greater than about 52 kV.
  • the interrupting chamber 100 is connected to an actuator 202 for actuating the compression in the interrupting chamber 100 and the opening of the circuit breaker 200.
EP08165337.0A 2007-10-03 2008-09-29 Chambre de coupure de disjoncteur à double volume de compression Not-in-force EP2045827B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0706923A FR2922043B1 (fr) 2007-10-03 2007-10-03 Chambre de coupure de disjoncteur a double volume de compression

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2045827A1 EP2045827A1 (fr) 2009-04-08
EP2045827B1 true EP2045827B1 (fr) 2013-07-17

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08165337.0A Not-in-force EP2045827B1 (fr) 2007-10-03 2008-09-29 Chambre de coupure de disjoncteur à double volume de compression

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US8044318B2 (ja)
EP (1) EP2045827B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP5155086B2 (ja)
CN (1) CN101404229B (ja)
FR (1) FR2922043B1 (ja)

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FR2947377B1 (fr) 2009-06-29 2011-07-22 Areva T & D Sa Valve a clapet de decharge destinee a decharger un gaz dielectrique entre deux volumes d'une chambre de coupure de disjoncteur haute ou moyenne tension
EP2455957B1 (en) * 2010-11-22 2014-03-26 ABB Research Ltd. Gas insulated circuit breaker
US9035211B2 (en) * 2011-07-20 2015-05-19 Pennsylvania Breaker, Llc Gas blast interrupter
DE102013200913A1 (de) * 2013-01-22 2014-07-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schaltanordnung
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CN104124086B (zh) * 2014-08-18 2016-05-25 上海耐吉输配电设备有限公司 一种电气灭弧装置
WO2017162517A1 (en) * 2016-03-24 2017-09-28 Abb Schweiz Ag Electrical circuit breaker device
CN106328430B (zh) * 2016-08-25 2018-08-07 中国西电电气股份有限公司 一种串联压气室的灭弧室
CN111863521B (zh) * 2020-06-11 2022-05-20 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 一种sf6快速断路器

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20090090697A1 (en) 2009-04-09
FR2922043B1 (fr) 2009-12-11
US8044318B2 (en) 2011-10-25
FR2922043A1 (fr) 2009-04-10
EP2045827A1 (fr) 2009-04-08
JP2009094067A (ja) 2009-04-30
CN101404229A (zh) 2009-04-08
JP5155086B2 (ja) 2013-02-27
CN101404229B (zh) 2013-03-20

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