EP2044690A2 - Capteur anti-pincement et circuit d'évaluation - Google Patents

Capteur anti-pincement et circuit d'évaluation

Info

Publication number
EP2044690A2
EP2044690A2 EP07785802A EP07785802A EP2044690A2 EP 2044690 A2 EP2044690 A2 EP 2044690A2 EP 07785802 A EP07785802 A EP 07785802A EP 07785802 A EP07785802 A EP 07785802A EP 2044690 A2 EP2044690 A2 EP 2044690A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
measuring
electrode
sensor
electrodes
sensor body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07785802A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Holger WÜRSTLEIN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Brose Fahrzeugteile SE and Co KG
Original Assignee
Brose Fahrzeugteile SE and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Brose Fahrzeugteile SE and Co KG filed Critical Brose Fahrzeugteile SE and Co KG
Publication of EP2044690A2 publication Critical patent/EP2044690A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
    • H03K17/945—Proximity switches
    • H03K17/955—Proximity switches using a capacitive detector
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/02—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles the seat or part thereof being movable, e.g. adjustable
    • B60N2/0224—Non-manual adjustments, e.g. with electrical operation
    • B60N2/0244—Non-manual adjustments, e.g. with electrical operation with logic circuits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/40—Safety devices, e.g. detection of obstructions or end positions
    • E05F15/42—Detection using safety edges
    • E05F15/46—Detection using safety edges responsive to changes in electrical capacitance
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05Y2400/00—Electronic control; Power supply; Power or signal transmission; User interfaces
    • E05Y2400/10—Electronic control
    • E05Y2400/52—Safety arrangements
    • E05Y2400/53—Wing impact prevention or reduction
    • E05Y2400/54—Obstruction or resistance detection
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05Y2800/00—Details, accessories and auxiliary operations not otherwise provided for
    • E05Y2800/40—Protection
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/50—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles
    • E05Y2900/53—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles characterised by the type of wing
    • E05Y2900/538—Interior lids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
    • H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
    • H03K2217/9401—Calibration techniques
    • H03K2217/94031—Calibration involving digital processing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
    • H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
    • H03K2217/96—Touch switches
    • H03K2217/9607—Capacitive touch switches
    • H03K2217/960735—Capacitive touch switches characterised by circuit details
    • H03K2217/960745—Capacitive differential; e.g. comparison with reference capacitance

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pinch sensor, in particular for ⁇ detecting an obstacle in the path of an actuating element of a motor vehicle. Furthermore, the invention relates to an evaluation circuit for such a pinch sensor.
  • Known pinch sensors use, for example, the capacitive measuring principle to detect an obstacle.
  • an electric field is established between a measuring electrode and a suitable counterelectrode. If a dielectric enters this electric field, the capacitance of the capacitor formed by the measuring electrode and the counterelectrode changes.
  • ⁇ r differs from the relative permittivity of air.
  • the obstacle in the path of an actuator is detected without physical contact with the pinch sensor. If a change in capacitance is detected, timely countermeasures, such as stopping or reversing the drive, can be initiated before the obstacle is actually jammed.
  • the control elements of a motor vehicle may be, for example, an electrically operable window, an electrically operated sliding door or an electrically operable tailgate. It is also possible to use a pinch sensor based on the capacitive measuring principle for detecting obstacles in the case of an electrically actuable seat.
  • Non-contact working, based on the capacitive measuring principle pinching sensors are known for example from EP 1 455 044 A2 and EP 1 154 110 A2.
  • These known anti-pinch sensors generate an external electric field by means of a measuring electrode and a suitable counterelectrode, so that a dielectric penetrating into this external electric field can be detected as a change in capacitance between the measuring electrode and the counterelectrode.
  • the distance between the measuring electrode and the counter electrode is additionally designed to be flexible in both prior art Einklemmsensoren, whereby a physical contact of an obstacle with the Einklemmsensor is detected as a change in capacitance.
  • EP 1 371 803 A1 also discloses a pinch sensor based on the capacitive measuring principle.
  • a sensor electrode is used to generate an electric field in the opening region of the actuating element, which is connected via a shielded supply line to an evaluation unit.
  • the electric field is generated here relative to the body of a motor vehicle as a counter electrode.
  • a sensor body comprises a first measuring electrode for generating a first external electric field with respect to a counter electrode and an adjacent, electrically separate second measuring electrode for generating a second external electric field with respect to the counter electrode wherein the measuring electrodes are formed such that the first external electric field has a greater range than the second external electric field.
  • a sensor body comprises a first measuring electrode for generating a first external electric field with respect to a counter electrode and an adjacent, electrically separate second measuring electrode for generating a second external electric field with respect to the counter electrode wherein the measuring electrodes are formed such that the first external electric field has a greater range than the second external electric field.
  • two electrically separate measuring electrodes are present, each of which build an electric field against a counter electrode.
  • the counterelectrode may be part of the pinching sensor itself. However, the counterelectrode can also be formed by the grounded body of a motor vehicle.
  • the invention starts from the consideration that dirt or water, which leads to a misdetection of the pinching sensor due to the change in capacitance, acts as deposits on the surface of the sensor body.
  • dirt or water causes a change in the capacitance of the capacitor formed between the measuring electrode and the counterelectrode by means of a near-field influencing.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that an obstacle in the path of the actuating element must already be detected before a physical contact with the pinch sensor via a change in capacitance.
  • the electrical field of a pinching sensor based on the capacitive measuring principle extends into the opening region of the adjusting element in order to detect an obstacle without contact.
  • a capacitance change caused by an obstacle in the travel path of the adjusting element is therefore to be detected at a distance from the immediate surface of the sensor body.
  • a capacitance change caused by dirt or water differs from a capacitance change caused by approaching an obstacle through the location of its formation.
  • the invention recognizes that this difference to a separation of a trapping case from a contamination or wetting situation can be exploited in order to avoid a misdetection.
  • This is achieved by using at least two measuring electrodes which are electrically separated from one another for establishing an external electric field in relation to a counterelectrode. Due to the fact that one of the measuring electrodes is designed to generate an electric field with a higher range than the electric field of the other measuring electrode, a change in capacitance at the surface of the sensor body of FIG - A - a change in capacity caused by an obstruction on approach.
  • the pinch sensor described thus makes it possible to detect dirt deposition or water wetting on the surface of the sensor body as a DC signal and an approaching obstacle as a difference signal and to distinguish in this respect.
  • the different range of the electric fields generated by means of the measuring electrodes can be influenced or achieved by the geometry and / or dimensioning of the capacitor arrangements comprising in each case one measuring electrode and the counter electrode.
  • the second measuring electrode to achieve a short-range electric field as possible be designed such that the field lines have a direct as possible course between the measuring electrode and counter electrode.
  • the second measuring electrode can be designed, arranged or dimensioned such that the field lines of the generated electric field in the manner of a stray field capacitor take the longest possible detour through the opening region of the adjusting element.
  • the second measuring electrode of the counter electrode may be disposed immediately adjacent, whereas the first measuring electrode is spaced from the counter electrode.
  • both a measuring electrode formed between the measuring electrode and the counter electrode can be used direct electric field used for detection as well as a stray field. A combination of both options is conceivable.
  • the first measuring electrode i. the measuring electrode for generating the electric field with a greater range, spaced from the edge in the sensor body and the second measuring electrode arranged in an edge region.
  • a pinch sensor the sensor body of a counter electrode, such as in particular a grounded body of a motor vehicle, is placed. If the measuring electrodes lie at a different potential than the counterelectrode, a direct stronger electric field and space remote from the counterelectrode and a weaker electrical outside at the edge areas around the measuring electrodes will be formed in the space between the measuring electrodes and the counterelectrode (ie in the insulating body) - or form stray field.
  • the outer field serves for the non-contact detection of a dielectric.
  • the second measuring electrode Since the second measuring electrode is arranged on the edge of the sensor body, the external electric field is concentrated predominantly on the space between the edge of the measuring electrode and the counter electrode. The external electric field of the second measuring electrode is thus short-range in total; it also hardly extends into the open space facing away from the counterelectrode.
  • an external electric field is formed between the first measuring electrode, which is arranged at a distance from the edge of the sensor body, and the counter-electrode, whose field lines extend on curved paths between the first measuring electrode and the outer counterelectrode and thus into the counter-electrode. turned room, ie in the opening area of an actuating element, extend into it.
  • the measuring electrodes are each formed flat.
  • the capacitance of the capacitor produced with the counterelectrode can be determined or adapted in a known manner via the size of the surface.
  • the range of the electric field extending into the opening region can also be increased by increasing the area of the first measuring electrode. In this respect, it is advantageous if the area of the first measuring electrode is larger than the area of the second measuring electrode.
  • the measuring electrodes are dimensioned such that a dielectric introduced in the immediate vicinity into both external electric fields essentially causes no drift of the measuring capacitances to one another.
  • the dimensioning is selected such that dirt deposition or water wetting on the surface of the sensor body leads to an approximately identical change in the capacitances of the capacitors comprising the first and second measuring electrodes. Consequently, a differential signal formed from the capacitances of the two capacitors undergoes essentially no or negligible change due to contamination or water wetting of the sensor body.
  • Such a configuration allows a comparatively simple circuit separation of a pinching case, wherein a dielectric in the far field leads to a divergence of the capacitances of both capacitors, of pollution in the near field, wherein a capacitance difference signal does not change.
  • circuit terms only a zero signal must be separated from a signal not equal to zero.
  • the measuring electrodes are dimensioned such that a dielectric introduced in the immediate vicinity into both external electric fields causes a drift of the measuring capacitances to one another with a different sign than a dielectric in the far field, which can be identified with a trapping case.
  • An approaching obstacle is first penetrated by the field lines of the outer electric field of greater range, whereby the capacitance of the capacitor comprising the first measuring electrode increases.
  • the capacity of the obstacle initially has no influence on the capacitor comprising the second measuring electrode.
  • contamination or water wetting in the near field has an influence on both measuring capacities.
  • the capacitance formed by the second measuring electrode is influenced more strongly.
  • contamination or wetting in the near field leads to a drift of the measuring capacities with a different sign than an obstacle approaching from the far field.
  • the signal of a capacitance change caused by contamination or water wetting of the sensor body can be separated from the signal of a capacitance change which is caused by a dielectric in the far field.
  • the dimensioning of the measuring electrodes can be determined experimentally or by means of a computer simulation. It should be noted in particular that the dimension of the first measuring electrode in relation to the second measuring electrode is highly dependent on the geometry and the material of the sensor body. In order to obtain the lowest possible drift of the measuring capacitance relative to one another during deposition or wetting on the sensor body, it is desirable for the first measuring electrode to be relatively large in relation to the second measuring electrode in order to achieve a large pay-field propagation.
  • the real dimensions can be determined by a simulation taking into account the real materials and geometries to be used.
  • the surface of the first measuring electrode is to be dimensioned correspondingly smaller.
  • the first measuring electrode for generating the outer electric field of greater range is advantageously located between the second and third measuring electrodes, each one are arranged for generating an external electric field with a short range in the edge region of the sensor body.
  • a symmetrical configuration is achieved in that the measuring electrodes for generating the short-range external electric field are arranged on the longitudinal sides, whereby the measuring electrode produced by the first centrally arranged measuring electrode is generated outer electric field inevitably extends over a large Nutzfeld Berlin. Edge fields between the edge of the first measuring electrode and the counter electrode, on which the pinching sensor is placed, are thereby avoided.
  • the sensor body For a pinch sensor constructed in this way, it is advantageous to make the sensor body flat and to arrange the measuring electrodes in the sensor body in each case as parallel flat conductors.
  • the centrally arranged first measuring electrode has a width of about 4.8 mm and the further measuring electrodes each have a width of about 1, 8 mm aut lo.
  • the simulation carried out provided the least capacitance drift when the measuring electrodes were separated from each other by the sensor body by a distance of approximately 0.7 mm, and the sensor body in each case had an edge region with a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm in relation to the outer measuring electrodes had.
  • a separate shielding electrode is provided in an expedient embodiment in the sensor body, which is arranged opposite to the measuring electrodes for aligning at least the first external electric field in a hazardous area or in the space facing away from the counter electrode. If, for example, the body of a motor vehicle is used as the counter electrode on which the pinch sensor is placed, then the separate shielding electrode is to be arranged between the body and the measuring electrodes in the sensor body. By a potential equalization between the potential on which the measuring electrodes are located and the potential on which the shielding electrode is located, it is achieved that there is no direct electric field between the measuring electrodes and the counterelectrode and thus no direct capacitance. education.
  • the field lines of the electric field between the measuring electrodes and the counter electrode are directed into the hazardous area to be detected.
  • the dimensioning or arrangement of the second or third measuring electrode ensures that the external electric field generated by these measuring electrodes has a shorter range than the external electric field generated by the first measuring electrode. This is achieved, for example, by the already mentioned arrangement of second or third measuring electrode in an edge region of the sensor body.
  • the shielding electrode is configured as a continuous planar conductor.
  • the shielding electrode is subdivided into individual individual shielding electrodes arranged opposite the measuring electrodes and separated from one another. This allows a better potential equalization compared to the individual measuring electrodes to be shielded.
  • the described shielding electrodes, whose potential is matched to that of the measuring electrodes, are also referred to as so-called driven-shield electrodes.
  • the sensor body is formed from a flexible carrier material. This makes it possible to easily guide the pinch sensor along the contour of a closing edge of a motor vehicle.
  • the sensor body may be formed as a flexible ribbon cable. It is equally conceivable to design the sensor body as a sealing body or to integrate the sensor body into a sealing body.
  • the sealing body is provided to seal the actuating element relative to the closing edge in the closed state.
  • a sealing lip may be mentioned, which seals an operable side window of a motor vehicle relative to its closing edge.
  • a flexible ribbon cable is also referred to as FFC ("Flexible Fiat Cable”), and is characterized by the fact that in a flexible cable body parallel Porterstruktu- ren are laid.
  • a flexible conductor structure can also be used as the sensor body.
  • a flexible ladder structure is also known by the term FPC ("Flexible In this case, printed conductors are specifically arranged or laid in a flexible insulating material, in particular in a multi-layered arrangement Such a configuration allows a high degree of flexibility with regard to the dimensioning and arrangement of the individual printed conductors, so that the measuring electrodes of the anti-pinch sensor in the desired Manner can be arranged or dimensioned.
  • the sensor body extends in a longitudinal direction, wherein the measuring electrodes along the longitudinal direction are each subdivided into individually controllable individual electrodes.
  • the capacitance measurable between the measuring electrode and the counterelectrode is reduced, since the entire surface of the measuring electrode is divided into a plurality of interrupted individual surfaces of the separate electrodes.
  • a low capacitance forming between the measuring and counterelectrodes results in a small capacitance change in relation to the total capacitance being easier to detect.
  • a pinch sensor designed in this way also allows the detection of a change in capacitance by means of a multiplex method.
  • the individual electrodes can be controlled by means of separate supply lines either offset in time (serial) or simultaneously (in parallel).
  • the second object is achieved according to the invention by an evaluation circuit which comprises measuring potential output means for outputting a predetermined measuring potential to measuring electrodes, capacity drift detecting means for detecting a mutual drift of measuring capacitances between measuring electrodes and a counterelectrode and evaluating means for outputting a detection signal as a function of the drift signal.
  • the measuring potential output means serve to generate a measuring potential required for detecting the measuring capacitance, which is applied to the measuring electrodes.
  • the measuring potential output means may comprise, for example, a DC voltage or an AC voltage generator.
  • a measuring capacitor can be detected, for example by means of a charging time evaluation via a DC voltage generator.
  • An AC voltage generator allows the measuring capacitances to be detected via their complex resistance or AC resistance by means of a voltage divider. Also allows a controllable AC voltage generator, the detection of the measuring capacitances on a phase detuning.
  • the measuring potential output means can also be designed to be able to detect the measuring capacitances via a vibration or resonance circuit detuning.
  • the capacity drift detecting means may be realized by electronic components.
  • signals can also be digitized and compared with one another by means of a computer, subjected to a logic operation or processed in any other way in order to be able to ascertain as drift signal a change in the distance or the difference of the measuring capacitance relative to one another.
  • the evaluation means are configured to conclude from the detected drift signal to a pinching case and to generate a corresponding detection signal in such a case.
  • the evaluation means can also be realized by means of electronic components or by suitable software and a corresponding computer.
  • the evaluation means are designed to output a detection signal when the drift signal changes over time in a region corresponding to the closing time of the actuating element.
  • An evaluation circuit designed in this way offers the advantage of reliably distinguishing a drift in the measuring capacitances, which is triggered by an obstacle in the far field when approaching the pinching sensor, from a drift which is triggered, for example, by temperature changes or material tensions.
  • the temporal change of the drift signal caused in a trapping case moves in a time frame corresponding to the closing speed of the actuating element.
  • potential equalizing means are advantageously included.
  • the potential equalization means can be formed by an amplifier, which can be connected on the input side to the measuring electrodes and on the output side to a shielding electrode for supplying it with a voltage signal derived from the input signal.
  • the shielding electrode is a driving shield to prevent the formation of direct capacitances between the measuring electrodes and the counterelectrode.
  • the measuring potential output means comprise an AC voltage source further comprising differential signal generating means for forming a difference signal corresponding to the difference of the measuring capacitance, and wherein the drift signal detecting means for detecting the drift of the differential signal, i. for detecting a change of the difference signal, are formed.
  • an alternating voltage of desired height and frequency is applied between the measuring electrodes and the counter electrode.
  • the difference of the measuring capacitances can then be formed, for example, by detecting the corresponding AC voltage resistances, so that detection of a change or drift of the differential signal becomes possible.
  • the differential signal generating means for detecting the measuring capacitances each comprise a bridge circuit, wherein the measuring capacitances in the bridge branches are connected in parallel.
  • a difference signal which corresponds to the difference of the measuring capacitances, in comparatively simple circuitry, can be removed by tapping off the measuring capacitances.
  • lenden voltages or by a phase difference of the voltages in the two bridge arms are determined.
  • a differential amplifier is used, which forms the difference between the voltages dropping across the capacitors.
  • the differential amplifier may for example be preceded by a peak value detection.
  • the phase difference of the tapped voltages in the bridge branches can be determined by means of a phase difference detection means.
  • the phase difference detection means can be formed for example by means of comparators, which form a square wave signal from the tapped AC voltage, and an XOR logic module. This embodiment is useful when the pinch sensor is dimensioned such that contamination or wetting on the sensor body leads to no drift of the measuring capacitance against each other, so that in this case the output signal of the XOR logic module remains zero.
  • the measurement potential output means each comprise an AC voltage generator, wherein further phase difference detection means are provided for detecting a phase difference between the Meßkapazticianszweigen, and wherein the drift signal detection means are adapted to detect the phase position.
  • the measuring capacitance branches are respectively supplied with a precisely predetermined alternating voltage with the same frequency.
  • the phase detuning can be compensated for each other by a suitable change in the phase position of the two alternating voltage generators. The drift of the phase position is thus recognizable to one another via a necessary readjustment of the alternating voltage signals.
  • At least one controllable compensating capacity is assigned to the measuring capacitances, wherein the evaluating means are designed to balance the measuring capacitances by activating the at least one compensating capacitance.
  • a compensation capacity allows a comparison of the measuring capacitances in a long-term drift, for example, by a change in geometry or a material change is caused. It can also be achieved via a controllable compensation capacity that the measuring capacitances of the first and second (and optionally third) measuring electrode are set to the same size without trapping. This makes it possible, with circuitry known means to compensate for a superficial contamination or wetting of the anti-pinch sensor and to detect a trapping case on the other hand.
  • voltage-controlled capacitance diodes which are operated in the reverse direction as controllable equalizing capacitors are used which are separated from the measuring capacitors by a coupling capacitor in each case.
  • the evaluation means it is expedient for the evaluation means to be designed to control the compensation capacities as a function of the drift signal. Thus, it becomes possible to compensate for long-term drift.
  • the anti-pinch sensor described, as well as the described structural unit, which includes such a pinch sensor, are particularly suitable for use in a motor vehicle, wherein the grounded body of the motor vehicle serves as a counter electrode.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows the pinch sensor according to FIG. 1 with a simplified representation of the field lines of the external electric field generated for the counterelectrode
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing the resulting capacitances in the case of a wetted pinch sensor according to FIG. 1, FIG. Fig. 4 in a cross section schematically another pinch with
  • FIG. 5 in a cross section schematically an alternative pinch with
  • FIG. 7 shows schematically a circuit arrangement for forming a difference signal corresponding to the difference of the measuring capacitance
  • Fig. 8 shows schematically a further circuit arrangement for forming a difference of the measuring capacitance corresponding difference signal.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically the cross section of a pinch sensor 1, which is used in particular for detecting an obstacle in the path of an actuating element of a motor vehicle.
  • the pinch sensor 1 comprises an elongated sensor body 2 made of an electrically insulating material.
  • a first measuring electrode 4 is arranged approximately centrally between a second measuring electrode 6 and a third measuring electrode 7.
  • the measuring electrodes 4, 6 and 7 are each designed as flat conductors.
  • the pinch sensor 1 is placed on a counter electrode 9, which is formed for example by the grounded body of a motor vehicle.
  • the measuring electrodes 4, 6 and 7 are subjected to an alternating voltage, for example, with respect to the counter-electrode 9.
  • the measuring electrodes 6 and 7 are connected in parallel with each other electrically. Due to the potential difference, a direct electric field is formed in the insulating body 2 between the measuring electrodes 4, 6 and 7 and the counterelectrode 9, and a weaker external electric field is formed in the space facing away from the counterelectrode 9.
  • the measuring electrodes 4, 6 and 7 each form, with the counter electrode 9, a capacitor with a characteristic capacitance caused by the dimensioning of the pinching sensor 1 and by the material of the sensor body 2. In this case, the measuring electrodes 6 and 7 act through their parallel connection as a single capacitor.
  • the second and third measuring electrodes 6 and 7 Due to the arrangement of the second and third measuring electrodes 6 and 7 at the edge of the sensor body 2, only a weak external electric field forms with ringer range. Due to the shielding effect of the outer measuring electrodes 6 and 7, however, the field lines of the external electric field, which is generated by the inner first measuring electrode, are deflected into a larger space region facing away from the counterelectrode. The field lines of the external electric field of the capacitor formed from the counter electrode 9 and the inner measuring electrode 4 extend arcuately on both sides via the outer electrode 6 or 7 to the counter electrode 9. Thus, a dielectric approaching the pinching sensor 1 from the far field is first deflected by the Field lines of the first measuring electrode 4 comprehensive capacitor penetrated and leads in this capacitor to a corresponding capacitance change. The capacitance of the capacitor comprising the second and third measuring electrodes 6 and 7 is not influenced by a dielectric arranged in the far field.
  • the pinch sensor 1 allows a contamination by superficial contamination or by a superficial water film of a case of pinching, which is characterized by the approach of an obstacle from the far-field, to differentiate safely.
  • FIG. 2 shows a simplified representation of the field profile of the pinching sensor 1 according to FIG. 1.
  • the counter electrode 9 is conceptually divided in the middle underneath the pinching sensor 1 according to FIG. 1 and the resulting halves are folded upwards.
  • a water film 10 is further shown on the surface of the sensor body 2 of the pinching sensor 1 as contamination.
  • the field line profile of a second external electric field 14 becomes visible, which correspondingly develops at a potential difference between the measuring electrodes 6 and 7 arranged at the edge and the counterelectrode 9.
  • the direct capacitance between the measuring electrodes 4, 6 and 7 and the counterelectrode 9 decisive for the anti-pinching sensor 1 shown is eliminated mentally and graphically.
  • the illustrated field line course corresponds to that of the outer, rather weak stray fields. It can be seen that the external electric field 12 of the measuring electrode 4 used for non-contact detection of a dielectric has a greater range than the external electric field 14 which is generated by the measuring electrodes 6 and 7 arranged at the edge.
  • the measuring electrodes 4 as well as 6 and 7 as well as the "unfolded" counter-electrode 9 are again recognizable.
  • each measuring electrode 4, 6 and 7 are each composed of three individual capacitances connected in series. Because between each measuring electrode 4,6 and 7 and the counter electrode 9, the material of the sensor body 2, the water film 10 and arranged as a transfer medium to air.
  • the capacitance of the capacitor comprising the first measuring electrode 4 can be regarded as a series circuit of the capacitors 16, 17 and 18.
  • the capacitors 16, 17 and 18 can accordingly be connected through the outer measuring electrodes 6 and 7 Formed capacitances are each considered as a series connection of the capacitors 20,21 and 22 or 23,24 and 25.
  • a shielding electrode is inserted between the measuring electrodes 4, 6 and 7 and the counterelectrode 9 of the pinching sensor 1 'shown in a cross section according to FIG.
  • the shielding electrode is subdivided into first, second and third shielding electrodes 30, 31 and 33, which are respectively assigned to the corresponding measuring electrodes 4, 6 and 7.
  • the shielding electrodes 30, 31 and 33 are each at the same potential as the measuring electrodes 4, 6 and 7.
  • the shielding electrodes 30, 31 and 33 used as so-called driven-shield electrodes.
  • the shielding electrodes 30, 31 and 33 thus prevent a direct capacitance or a direct electric field from being formed between the measuring electrodes 4, 6 and 7 and the counterelectrode 9.
  • a stray field to the counter electrode 9 is generated in each case via the measuring electrodes 4, 6 and 7 which extends into the detection range of the pinching sensor 1 '.
  • the detection range of the pinching sensor 1 ' is significantly increased in relation to the detection range of the pinching sensor 1.
  • the external electric field 14 which is shown in dashed lines, has a shorter range than the external electric field 12 generated by the internal measuring electrode 4.
  • the direct electric field is generated by the shielding electrodes 30, 31 and 32 to the counterelectrode 9, which is illustrated by the correspondingly drawn field lines of the direct electric field 35.
  • the outer measuring electrodes 6 or 7 located at the edge and by the centrally arranged measuring electrode 4 that the range of the correspondingly generated outer electric fields 12 and 14 differs. This allows a compensation of a superficial resting on the sensor body 2 Contamination or superficial water film.
  • the size ratios of the second and third measuring electrodes 6 and 7 to the inner first measuring electrode 4 additionally achieve that, in the case of superficial contamination or superficial water wetting, the capacitance formed by the first measuring electrode 4 and that connected in parallel by the second measuring electrode 4 change the capacitance formed in the third measuring electrodes 6 and 7 in approximately the same way.
  • a superficial contamination of the sensor body 2 does not influence a difference signal of the measuring capacitance, whereas an obstacle or dielectric approaching from the far field, which constitutes a pinching case, leads to a change of the difference signal.
  • FIG. 5 again shows in a cross section a further pinching sensor 1 ", which essentially comprises the individual components of the pinching sensor 1 ', as shown in Fig. 4.
  • the pinching sensor 1" also comprises a flat surface extending in the longitudinal direction Sensor body 2 made of an electrical insulating material which is placed on a counter electrode 9.
  • the inner measuring electrode 4 and the outer measuring electrodes 6 and 7 are each formed as a flat conductor.
  • the shielding electrodes 30, 31 and 32 are designed as flat conductors which are assigned to the corresponding measuring electrodes 4, 6 and 7, respectively.
  • the field line course of the generated external electric field 12 of the inner measuring electrode 4 and of the generated electric field 14 of the parallel-connected outer measuring electrodes 6 and 7 is identical to the field line course of the pinching sensor V according to FIG. 4.
  • 5 includes a fourth planar shielding electrode 36, which is at the same potential as the other shielding electrodes 30, 31, and 33, respectively, and which is connected in circuit technology with it Shielding electrode 36 and the counter electrode.
  • the measuring electrodes 4, 6 and 7 are - not visible - in the longitudinal direction of the pinching sensor 1 ", ie in the plane of drawing, in several separate individual divided electrodes. Between the shielding electrodes 30, 31 and 33 and the fourth shielding electrode 36 further separate supply lines 38 are arranged, which are each contacted with one of the individual electrodes. All individual components are insulated from each other by the electrical insulating material of the sensor body 2. Shield electrode sections, which prevent the formation of direct capacitances between the separate supply lines 36, can be arranged between the separate supply lines 38, respectively. The separate supply lines 38 serve to drive the individual segments or individual electrodes of the measuring electrodes 4, 6 and 7. Thus, each individual electrode of the measuring electrodes can be controlled and evaluated along the longitudinal direction of the pinching sensor 1 "via the separate supply lines 38. This allows, on the one hand, multiplexing and others a spatial resolution of a possible Einklemmfalles.
  • FIG. 6 shows a possible evaluation circuit for evaluating one of the pinching sensors 1, 1 'or 1 "illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 5.
  • the evaluating circuit according to FIG. 6 comprises an alternating voltage source V1 for generating a defined alternating voltage
  • the measuring circuit shown here is constructed from two bridge branches, each comprising an ohmic resistor R1 or R2 and a measuring capacitance C1 or C3.
  • the measuring capacitance C1 of the first bridge branch is formed by the first bridge Measuring electrode 4 and the counter electrode 9 of the anti-pinch sensors 1, 1 ', 1 "shown.
  • the measuring capacitance C3 is that capacitance which has the capacitor formed by the parallel-connected outer shielding electrodes 6 and 7 and the counterelectrode 9 according to the illustrated pinching sensors 1, 1 ', 1 "via a respective voltage tap between the ohmic resistors R1, R2 and associated measuring capacitors C1 and C3, it is a suitably trained evaluation 39 possible to form a difference of the measuring capacitances C1.C3 corresponding difference signal and deduce a drift signal from this.
  • the evaluation circuit according to FIG. 6 further comprises equalizing capacitances C2 and CA associated with the measuring capacitors C1, C3, which are formed by reverse-biased, voltage-controlled capacitance diodes.
  • equalizing capacitances C2 and CA associated with the measuring capacitors C1, C3, which are formed by reverse-biased, voltage-controlled capacitance diodes.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 Possible configurations of the evaluation means 39 are shown schematically in FIGS. 7 and 8. In each case, the measuring bridge circuit 40 is shown here as an input element in FIGS. 7 and 8.
  • the voltage values obtained from the measuring bridge circuit 40 are first supplied to an amplifier 42 in each case.
  • Each amplifier 42 is further followed by a peak value detection 43, which determines the maximum amplitude of the detected alternating voltages. Downstream is a low pass 44, respectively, to obtain a good noise suppression.
  • the maximum values obtained are fed to a differential amplifier 45. 5 If the pinch sensor is dimensioned or adjusted with the compensation capacitances, so that the measuring capacitances C1 + C2 and C3 + C4 are identical and no drift occurs in the case of superficial contamination or wetting, then the output signal of the differential amplifier 45 can be used directly as a detection signal become. Namely, contamination or wetting by a superficial film of water can not cause a drift between the measuring capacities in this case.
  • the difference signal remains zero.
  • a drift of the measuring capacitances is produced by a dielectric approaching from the far field. For this is first penetrated only by the field lines of the external electric field 12, which causes the inner measuring electrode 4 of the anti-pinch sensors shown.
  • the detected voltages of the measuring bridge circuit 40 are first supplied to a comparator 47.
  • a comparator 47 For this purpose, the generation of a reference voltage is necessary with reasonable effort.
  • XOR exclusive OR logic device
  • the output signal of the logic module 48 is then fed to a low-pass filter 49 for noise suppression and forwarded to an amplifier 50.
  • the output signal of the amplifier 50 can in turn be used as a detection signal for a trapping case. For a drift of the measuring capacitances C1.C3 to one another will lead to a phase detuning of the voltages tapped at the measuring capacitances in the measuring bridge circuit 40 and thus to an output signal of the logic module 48.
  • the compensation capacitances C2 and C4 shown in FIG. 6 serve to match the measuring bridge circuit 40 in the long term, whereby relatively rapid changes due to the approach of an object are not compensated.
  • the compensation capacitances C2 and C4 are controlled by a microcontroller as a function of the output signal of the evaluation circuit. This is usually realized by a DC voltage or a low-pass filtered PWM signal with variable duty cycle. This DC voltage then controls the capacitance diodes used as equalizing capacitors C2 and C4 and operated in the reverse direction, which circuits are each separated from the bridge branch by a capacitor (not shown in FIG. 6).
  • the drive is selected to achieve a balance between the regulation of long-term drifts and the detection of transient changes in an object.
  • the measuring bridge circuit 40 is set to be the most sensitive since the phase shift in the respective bridge branches is 45 °. Between the bridge branches, the phase shift is 0 °.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un capteur anti-pincement (1,1', 1''), utilisé notamment pour détecter un obstacle sur la trajectoire d'un élément de réglage d'une automobile. Ledit capteur anti-pincement comprend un corps de détection (2), une première électrode de mesure (4) montée dans le corps de détection et servant à produire un premier champ électrique extérieur (12) à l'encontre d'une contre-électrode (9) et une seconde électrode de mesure (4) séparée électriquement et disposée au voisinage de la première dans le corps du capteur (2), qui sert à produire un second champ électrique extérieur (14) l'encontre de la contre-électrode (9). A cet effet, les électrodes de mesure (4, 6) sont conçues de sorte que le premier champ électrique extérieur (12) présente une plus grande portée que le second champ électrique extérieur (14). L'invention concerne également un circuit d'évaluation approprié pour effectuer une évaluation du capteur anti-pincement (1,1'; 1''). La fiabilité de détection d'un capteur anti-pincement (1,1', 1'') de ce type n'est pas altérée par des salissures superficielles ou par un effet de mouillage par l'eau.
EP07785802A 2006-07-13 2007-06-02 Capteur anti-pincement et circuit d'évaluation Withdrawn EP2044690A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202006010813U DE202006010813U1 (de) 2006-07-13 2006-07-13 Einklemmsensor sowie Auswerteschaltung
PCT/EP2007/004909 WO2008006424A2 (fr) 2006-07-13 2007-06-02 Capteur anti-pincement et circuit d'évaluation

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EP2044690A2 true EP2044690A2 (fr) 2009-04-08

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DE202006010813U1 (de) 2007-11-22
US20090146668A1 (en) 2009-06-11
WO2008006424A3 (fr) 2008-04-10

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