EP2039021A1 - Method and device of transmission of waves - Google Patents

Method and device of transmission of waves

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Publication number
EP2039021A1
EP2039021A1 EP07823566A EP07823566A EP2039021A1 EP 2039021 A1 EP2039021 A1 EP 2039021A1 EP 07823566 A EP07823566 A EP 07823566A EP 07823566 A EP07823566 A EP 07823566A EP 2039021 A1 EP2039021 A1 EP 2039021A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
network
antenna
point
antennas
focusing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07823566A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2039021B1 (en
Inventor
Mathias Fink
Geoffroy Lerosey
Julien De La Gorgue De Rosny
Arnaud Tourin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Universite Paris Diderot Paris 7
Original Assignee
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
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Application filed by Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS filed Critical Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Publication of EP2039021A1 publication Critical patent/EP2039021A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2039021B1 publication Critical patent/EP2039021B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/32—Vertical arrangement of element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/2605—Array of radiating elements provided with a feedback control over the element weights, e.g. adaptive arrays
    • H01Q3/2652—Self-phasing arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
    • H01Q3/446—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element the radiating element being at the centre of one or more rings of auxiliary elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods and devices for transmitting electromagnetic or acoustic waves.
  • the invention relates to a method for transmitting waves selected from electromagnetic waves and acoustic waves, for focusing a wave of wavelength ⁇ (wavelength corresponding to the central frequency of the wave) in at least one focusing point of index i, the wave being emitted by index antennas j belonging to a first network.
  • EP-A-0 803 991 describes an example of such a method, which allows a good focus on the point i.
  • the object of the present invention is in particular to improve the methods of this type, in order to make it possible to further improve the accuracy of the focusing on point i.
  • a method of the kind in question is characterized in that, in the vicinity of the focusing point i, at least one diffuser is used
  • the method comprises at least:
  • S 11 (O S 1 (OQh 11 H), where S 1 Ct) is a function of time and h i;) (-t) is a time inversion of the impulse response h 13 (t) between the focusing point i and the antenna j, at least the diffusers remaining present around the focusing point i during the focusing step (the signal received at the point i is then close to S 1 (t)).
  • the antenna of the second network located at said point of focus i, transmits a wave corresponding to a predetermined signal, signals picked up by said wave are picked up on the antennas; indices j of the first network, and from the signals picked up a pulse response h 13 (t) is determined between the focusing point i and each antenna j (2) of the first network;
  • the antenna of the second network is present at the point of focus i during the focusing step, and a communication is established between said antenna and the antennas of the first network;
  • the learning step is carried out for several points of focus of indices i where are arranged respectively antennas of the second network each having at least one diffuser located at a distance less than said predetermined distance from the corresponding focal point i, and during the focusing step, each antenna j of the first network is sent waves corresponding at least to signals
  • each antenna j of the first network transmits waves corresponding to a superposition of signals
  • the antennas of the second network are present at the points of focus i during the step of focusing and during the focusing step, selective communication is established between the antennas j of the first network and at least some of said antennas of the second network;
  • several diffusers are used, preferably at least 10 diffusers, located at a distance less than said predetermined distance from the focusing point i;
  • the predetermined distance is at most equal to ⁇ / 50;
  • the wave is electromagnetic
  • the wave has a frequency f (center frequency) of between 0.7 and 50 GHz.
  • the antenna of the second network used at the desired focus point has an impedance having an imaginary portion greater than the real part, so as to essentially generate a reactive field;
  • the imaginary part of the impedance of the antenna of the second network is greater than 50 times the real part
  • the invention also relates to a device for receiving an electromagnetic wave of wavelength ⁇ in at least one index point i, this device comprising at least one metal diffuser for the electromagnetic wave, located at a distance less than a predetermined distance from the point i, said predetermined distance being at most equal to ⁇ / 10, where ⁇ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.
  • the device comprises several metal diffusers, preferably at least 10 metal diffusers, at a distance less than the predetermined distance from the point i; the predetermined distance is at most equal to ⁇ / 50; the device comprises, at the point i, an antenna belonging to a second network (the second network may be optionally limited to a single antenna); the antenna of the second network has an impedance having an imaginary part greater than the real part, so as essentially to generate an evanescent field; the imaginary part of the impedance is greater than 50 times the real part; the device comprises several index antennas j belonging to a first network, and an electronic central unit controlling said antennas j of the first network to emit from said antennas j of the first network, electromagnetic waves corresponding to signals
  • S ll (t) S l (t) ®h l) (-t), where S 1 (t) is a function of time and h 1D (-t) is a time inversion of the impulse response Ji 1 -, (t) between the point i and each antenna j of the first network;
  • the second network comprises several antennas located at several points of indices i and surrounded by metal diffusers located respectively at a distance less than said predetermined distance from the corresponding point i, and the electronic central unit is adapted to transmit to each antenna j of the first network, electromagnetic waves corresponding to at least the signals S fl (t) ⁇ S ⁇ t) ®h ,, (-t).
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a device implementing the focusing method according to one embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of an antenna, surrounded by diffusers; , belonging to one of the antenna arrays of the device of FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the antenna and the metal diffusers of FIG. 2, in one exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 represents a radio communication device operating with electromagnetic waves having a central frequency generally of between 0.7 and 50 GHz, for example of the order of 2.45 GHz (corresponding to a wavelength of 12 , 25 cm).
  • This device comprises a first network 1 of antennas 2, connected to a first electronic central unit 3 (UCl) and a second network 4 of antennas 5, connected to a second electronic central unit 6 (UC2).
  • UCO first electronic central unit 3
  • UC2 second electronic central unit 6
  • Antennas 2, 5 are here in number of 8 for each network 1, 4 but could be different in number.
  • the second network 4 could possibly include a single antenna 5.
  • the antennas 5 of the second network are separated from each other by a distance L (identical or not depending on the antenna pairs 5 considered), which is less than the wavelength ⁇ of the electromagnetic waves.
  • the distance L may for example be of the order of 4 mm, slightly less than ⁇ / 30.
  • the first and second networks 1, 4, however, are distant from each other by a relatively large distance from ⁇ , this distance being generally greater than 3 ⁇ .
  • each antenna 5 of the second network is surrounded by a plurality of metal diffusers 5, which are located in a radius R around the antenna 5.
  • the radius R is less than ⁇ / 2, preferably less than at ⁇ / 10 and in particular less than ⁇ / 50.
  • Each antenna 5 is of reactive type. In other words, the imaginary part of the impedance of the antenna is not negligible, so that the antenna 5 creates an evanescent field when it receives an electrical signal.
  • the imaginary part of the impedance of the reactive antenna is greater than the real part.
  • the imaginary part of the impedance is greater than 50 times the real part of the impedance.
  • the real part of the impedance is 10 ⁇ and the imaginary part of 100 ⁇ .
  • the reactive antenna 5 essentially generates a reactive field when it receives an electrical signal, so that it then generates an evanescent electromagnetic wave located only around said reactive antenna (unlike a propagating wave that propagates relatively far away from the antenna 5).
  • the metal diffusers 7 are in number greater than 10, for example greater than 20, in the zone of diameter R.
  • These metal diffusers are for example simple conductive elements, for example copper wires.
  • these diffusers when they receive the evanescent electromagnetic wave coming from the reactive antenna 5, transform this evanescent wave into a propagating wave. Conversely, when they receive a electromagnetic propagating wave, these diffusers 7 transform said propagating wave evanescent wave.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the reactive antenna 5 and the reactive diffusers 7.
  • the reactive antenna 5 the reactive antenna
  • the core 8 protruding from the plate 10 by a small distance e, for example of the order of 2 mm.
  • the distance e is preferably small relative to the wavelength ⁇ .
  • the core 8 can thus emit or receive electromagnetic waves on its short section that protrudes from the plate 10.
  • the metal diffusers 7 are here for example in the form of fine copper wires all parallel to each other and parallel to the core 8 mentioned above.
  • These copper wires have for example a length 1 of the order of 4 to 5 cm, and they can be fixed on the plate 10, for example by overmoulding by the resin forming this plate.
  • the antennas 2 of the first network 1 are conventional antennas arranged relatively far apart from each other with respect to the antennas of the second network 4, but of course the first network 1 could be identical or similar. to the second network 4.
  • the device that has just been described can be used for example to selectively communicate
  • an electromagnetic wave corresponding to an impulsion signal having, for example, a duration of the order of 10 ns is emitted successively by each reactive antenna 5.
  • This electromagnetic wave is received by the different antennas 2 of the first network 1, and the signals thus received by the antennas 2 respectively correspond to the impulse responses h XD (t) between the reactive antenna 5 which has emitted the signal and each antenna 2 of the first network, i being an index which designates the reactive antenna 5 and j being an index which designates the antenna 2 concerned.
  • the impulse response h 13 (t) could be determined differently, for example by sending predetermined signals by the antennas j of the first network, by picking up the signals received by the antennas i of the second network, by transmitting the signals received. to the first CPU 3 (this transmission can be done by wire, radio or other) and processing these signals captured.
  • This transmission can be done by wire, radio or other
  • An example of a process of this type is given in WO-A-2004/086557.
  • the first CPU 3 then performs a time inversion of these impulse responses to thereby obtain h ⁇ 3 (-t) signals.
  • This time inversion step can be carried out for example as described in the publication by LEROSEY et al. (Physical review letters - May 14, 2004 - The American Physical Society - Vol.92, No. 19, pages 193904-1 to 193904-3).
  • the first central unit 3 causes each antenna 2 of index j to transmit a signal S 31 (t). ⁇ S 1 (t) ®h 1D (-t). It will be noted that, in this way, the first central unit 3 can optionally transmit several signals S 1 (t) in parallel, respectively to several reactive antennas with indices I x , I 2 , Is, etc.
  • electromagnetic waves corresponding to a superposition of signals S 31 (t) for several values of i are transmitted by each antenna j of the first network.
  • S 3I (t) corresponding to the different reactive antennas i are summed before emission of the electromagnetic wave by each antenna index j).
  • the bidirectional communication between the central units 3 and 6 can be further improved, if one proceeds to the initial learning step also by sending each antenna 2 a pulse signal during the step of learning so as to calculate impulse responses h- ) 1 (t ⁇ between each antenna 2 of index j and each antenna 5 index I.
  • the second central unit 6 is also adapted to calculate and memorize the temporal reversals D1 h (-t) of these impulse responses. in this case, when the second central processing unit 6 to transmit a signal S 3 (t) at the antenna 2, the first network 1, it caused to emit the together reactive antennas 5 indices i signals
  • these signals S 1 -, (t) may possibly be superimposed for several values of j, so as to transmit in parallel different messages to the different antennas 2 from the first central unit 6.
  • the device that has just been described can be used for example to communicate with each other electronic devices such as microcomputers or others at the scale of a room or a building, or even to communicate between them different circuits to inside the same electronic device, without physical connection between its circuits.
  • the above-mentioned focus could be replaced by a correlation-based method or a method using registration and inversion of the transfer matrix to selectively transmit a signal to one of the reactive antennas 5.
  • the invention can also be used to focus the electromagnetic waves on a weak focusing spot for the purpose of processing a material located at this focusing spot.
  • the reactive antenna 5 may possibly be removed during the focusing step, the reactive diffusers remaining however present during this step.
  • the invention is not limited to electromagnetic waves, but could also be used to transmit ultrasonic waves.

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Abstract

Method for focusing an electromagnetic or acoustic wave on a point near which one or more diffusers are placed, comprising a learning step in which the pulsed responses hij (t) between the focus point and each antenna (2) of the network are determined. Waves corresponding to signals Sji(t) = Si(t) ⊗ hij(-t), where Si(t) is a function of time and hij(-t) is a temporal inversion of the pulsed response hij(t), can then be transmitted from said antennas (2) of the network.

Description

Procédé et dispositif de transmission d'ondes. Method and device for transmitting waves
La présente invention est relative aux procédés et dispositifs de transmission d'ondes électromagnétiques ou acoustiques.The present invention relates to methods and devices for transmitting electromagnetic or acoustic waves.
Plus particulièrement, l'invention concerne un procédé de transmission d'ondes choisies parmi les ondes électromagnétiques et les ondes acoustiques, pour focaliser une onde de longueur d'onde λ (longueur d'onde correspondant à la fréquence centrale de l'onde) en au moins un point de focalisation d'indice i, l'onde étant émise par des antennes d'indice j appartenant à un premier réseau.More particularly, the invention relates to a method for transmitting waves selected from electromagnetic waves and acoustic waves, for focusing a wave of wavelength λ (wavelength corresponding to the central frequency of the wave) in at least one focusing point of index i, the wave being emitted by index antennas j belonging to a first network.
Le document EP-A-O 803 991 décrit un exemple d'un tel procédé, qui permet une bonne focalisation sur le point i .EP-A-0 803 991 describes an example of such a method, which allows a good focus on the point i.
La présente invention a notamment pour but de perfectionner les procédés de ce type, pour permettre d'améliorer encore la précision de la focalisation sur le point i.The object of the present invention is in particular to improve the methods of this type, in order to make it possible to further improve the accuracy of the focusing on point i.
A cet effet, selon l'invention, un procédé du genre en question est caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise, au voisinage du point de focalisation i, au moins un diffuseurFor this purpose, according to the invention, a method of the kind in question is characterized in that, in the vicinity of the focusing point i, at least one diffuser is used
(qui peut lui-même être une antenne) pour l'onde, situé à une distance inférieure à une distance prédéterminée dudit point de focalisation, ladite distance prédéterminée étant au plus égale à λ/10.(which may itself be an antenna) for the wave, located at a distance less than a predetermined distance from said focusing point, said predetermined distance being at most equal to λ / 10.
Grâce à ces dispositions, on peut obtenir une grande précision de focalisation, par exemple en mettant en œuvre un procédé dans lequel : on produit une onde évanescente au point i, de sorte que le ou les diffuseurs convertissent cette onde évanescente en onde propagative, laquelle peut se propager jusqu'aux antennes du premier réseau, - puis on détermine, à partir des signaux captés par les antennes j, les réponses impulsionnelles hij(t) entre le point i et les antennes j , puis on fait émettre par les antennes j du premier réseau une onde correspondant à un signal Sp(t) = St(t)®ht/(-t) , où S1 (t) est une fonction du temps et h1](-t) est l'inversion temporelle de la réponse impulsionnelle Ji1-, (t) : le ou les diffuseurs recréent alors des ondes évanescentes à partir de l'onde propagative reçue, et ces ondes évanescentes peuvent se focaliser sur le point i avec une grande précision, la tache focale produite étant de dimension très inférieure à la longueur d'onde du signal. Ainsi, la largeur de la tache focale peut par exemple être de l'ordre de λ/30.Thanks to these arrangements, it is possible to obtain a high focusing accuracy, for example by implementing a method in which: an evanescent wave is produced at the point i, so that the diffuser or diffusers convert this evanescent wave into a propagating wave, which can propagate to the antennas of the first network, - then we determine, from the signals captured by the antennas j, the impulse responses hij (t) between the point i and the antennas j, then the antennas j of the first network transmit a wave corresponding to a signal S p (t) = S t (t) ® h t / (-t), where S 1 (t) is a function of time and h 1] (-t) is the temporal inversion of the impulse response Ji 1 -, (t): the diffuser or diffusers then recreate evanescent waves from the received propagating wave, and these evanescent waves can focus on the point i with great precision, the focal spot produced being much smaller than the wavelength of the signal. Thus, the width of the focal spot may for example be of the order of λ / 30.
Dans des modes de réalisation du procédé selon l'invention, on peut éventuellement avoir recours en outre à l'une et/ou à l'autre des dispositions suivantes : le procédé comprend au moins :In embodiments of the method according to the invention, one or more of the following provisions may also be used: the method comprises at least:
(a) une étape d'apprentissage dans laquelle on détermine à partir de signaux échangés entre les antennes j du premier réseau et au moins une antenne située au point de focalisation i et appartenant à un deuxième réseau (le deuxième réseau peut être limité éventuellement à une seule antenne) , une réponse impulsionnelle h13 (t) entre le point de focalisation i et chaque antenne j du premier réseau, (b) une étape de focalisation au cours de laquelle on fait émettre depuis lesdites antennes j du premier réseau, des ondes correspondant à des signaux(a) a learning step in which is determined from signals exchanged between the antennas j of the first network and at least one antenna located at the point of focus i and belonging to a second network (the second network may be optionally limited to a single antenna), an impulse response h 13 (t) between the focusing point i and each antenna j of the first network, (b) a focusing step during which said antennas j of the first network are transmitted from waves corresponding to signals
S11(O = S1(OQh11H), où S1Ct) est une fonction du temps et hi;)(-t) est une inversion temporelle de la réponse impulsionnelle h13(t) entre le point de focalisation i et l'antenne j, au moins les diffuseurs restant présents autour du point de focalisation i lors de l'étape de focalisation (le signal reçu au point i est alors proche de S1(t)) . On notera qu'au cours de l'étape de focalisation, on peut dans certains cas être amené à supprimer l'antenne située au point i, par exemple dans des applications visant à traiter une zone autour du point i ; - au cours de l'étape d'apprentissage : on fait émettre, par l'antenne du deuxième réseau, située audit point de focalisation i, une onde correspondant à un signal prédéterminé, on capte des signaux générés par ladite onde sur les antennes d' indices j du premier réseau, et on détermine à partir des signaux captés une réponse impulsionnelle h13 (t) entre le point de focalisation i et chaque antenne j (2) du premier réseau ;S 11 (O = S 1 (OQh 11 H), where S 1 Ct) is a function of time and h i;) (-t) is a time inversion of the impulse response h 13 (t) between the focusing point i and the antenna j, at least the diffusers remaining present around the focusing point i during the focusing step (the signal received at the point i is then close to S 1 (t)). It will be noted that during the focusing step, it may in certain cases be necessary to remove the antenna located at the point i, for example in applications to treat an area around the point i; during the learning step: the antenna of the second network, located at said point of focus i, transmits a wave corresponding to a predetermined signal, signals picked up by said wave are picked up on the antennas; indices j of the first network, and from the signals picked up a pulse response h 13 (t) is determined between the focusing point i and each antenna j (2) of the first network;
- l'antenne du deuxième réseau est présente au point de focalisation i lors de l'étape de focalisation, et on établit une communication entre ladite antenne et les antennes du premier réseau ; l'étape d'apprentissage est réalisée pour plusieurs points de focalisation d' indices i où sont disposées respectivement des antennes du deuxième réseau ayant chacune au moins un diffuseur situé à une distance inférieure à ladite distance prédéterminée par rapport au point de focalisation i correspondant, et au cours de l'étape de focalisation, on fait émettre à chaque antenne j du premier réseau, des ondes correspondant au moins à des signauxthe antenna of the second network is present at the point of focus i during the focusing step, and a communication is established between said antenna and the antennas of the first network; the learning step is carried out for several points of focus of indices i where are arranged respectively antennas of the second network each having at least one diffuser located at a distance less than said predetermined distance from the corresponding focal point i, and during the focusing step, each antenna j of the first network is sent waves corresponding at least to signals
Sμ(t) = Sχt)®hη(-t) , où i est l'indice d'un des points de focalisation souhaités ;S μ (t) = Sχt) hh η (-t), where i is the index of one of the desired focus points;
- au cours de l'étape de focalisation, on fait émettre par chaque antenne j du premier réseau, des ondes correspondant à une superposition de signauxduring the focusing step, each antenna j of the first network transmits waves corresponding to a superposition of signals;
S (t) = Sl(t)®hl/(-t)t pour plusieurs valeurs de i ; les antennes du deuxième réseau sont présentes aux points de focalisation i lors de l'étape de focalisation et au cours de l'étape de focalisation, on établit une communication sélective entre les antennes j du premier réseau et au moins certaines desdites antennes du deuxième réseau ; - on utilise plusieurs diffuseurs, préférentiellement au moins 10 diffuseurs, situés à une distance inférieure à ladite distance prédéterminée du point de focalisation i ;S (t) = S l (t) ®h l / (-t) t for several values of i; the antennas of the second network are present at the points of focus i during the step of focusing and during the focusing step, selective communication is established between the antennas j of the first network and at least some of said antennas of the second network; several diffusers are used, preferably at least 10 diffusers, located at a distance less than said predetermined distance from the focusing point i;
- la distance prédéterminée est au plus égale à λ/50 ;the predetermined distance is at most equal to λ / 50;
- l'onde est électromagnétique ;- the wave is electromagnetic;
- l'onde présente une fréquence f (fréquence centrale) comprise entre 0.7 et 50 GHz. l'antenne du deuxième réseau utilisée au point de focalisation souhaité présente une impédance ayant une partie imaginaire supérieure à la partie réelle, de façon à générer essentiellement un champ réactif ;the wave has a frequency f (center frequency) of between 0.7 and 50 GHz. the antenna of the second network used at the desired focus point has an impedance having an imaginary portion greater than the real part, so as to essentially generate a reactive field;
- la partie imaginaire de l'impédance de l'antenne du deuxième réseau est supérieure à 50 fois la partie réelle ;the imaginary part of the impedance of the antenna of the second network is greater than 50 times the real part;
- on utilise des diffuseurs métalliques.- Metal diffusers are used.
Par ailleurs, l'invention a également pour objet un dispositif pour recevoir une onde électromagnétique de longueur d'onde λ en au moins un point d'indice i, ce dispositif comprenant au moins un diffuseur métallique pour l'onde électromagnétique, situé à une distance inférieure à une distance prédéterminée du point i, ladite distance prédéterminée étant au plus égale à λ/10, où λ est la longueur d'onde de l'onde électromagnétique. Dans des modes de réalisation du dispositif selon l' invention, le dispositif comprend plusieurs diffuseurs métalliques, préférentiellement au moins 10 diffuseurs métalliques, à une distance inférieure à la distance prédéterminée du point i ; la distance prédéterminée est au plus égale à λ/50 ; le dispositif comprend, au point i, une antenne appartenant à un deuxième réseau (le deuxième réseau peut être limité éventuellement à une seule antenne) ; l'antenne du deuxième réseau présente une impédance ayant une partie imaginaire supérieure à la partie réelle, de façon à générer essentiellement un champ évanescent ; - la partie imaginaire de l'impédance est supérieure à 50 fois la partie réelle ; le dispositif comporte plusieurs antennes d' indices j appartenant à un premier réseau, et une unité centrale électronique commandant lesdites antennes j du premier réseau pour faire émettre depuis lesdites antennes j du premier réseau, des ondes électromagnétiques correspondant à des signauxMoreover, the invention also relates to a device for receiving an electromagnetic wave of wavelength λ in at least one index point i, this device comprising at least one metal diffuser for the electromagnetic wave, located at a distance less than a predetermined distance from the point i, said predetermined distance being at most equal to λ / 10, where λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave. In embodiments of the device according to the invention, the device comprises several metal diffusers, preferably at least 10 metal diffusers, at a distance less than the predetermined distance from the point i; the predetermined distance is at most equal to λ / 50; the device comprises, at the point i, an antenna belonging to a second network (the second network may be optionally limited to a single antenna); the antenna of the second network has an impedance having an imaginary part greater than the real part, so as essentially to generate an evanescent field; the imaginary part of the impedance is greater than 50 times the real part; the device comprises several index antennas j belonging to a first network, and an electronic central unit controlling said antennas j of the first network to emit from said antennas j of the first network, electromagnetic waves corresponding to signals
Sll(t) = Sl(t)®hl)(-t), où S1 (t) est une fonction du temps et h1D(-t) est une inversion temporelle de la réponse impulsionnelle Ji1-, (t) entre le point i et chaque antenne j du premier réseau ; le deuxième réseau comporte plusieurs antennes situées en plusieurs points d' indices i et entourées par des diffuseurs métalliques situés respectivement à une distance inférieure à ladite distance prédéterminée par rapport au point i correspondant, et l'unité centrale électronique est adaptée pour faire émettre à chaque antenne j du premier réseau, des ondes électromagnétiques correspondant au moins à des signaux Sfl(t)≈Sχt)®h,,(.-t) ;S ll (t) = S l (t) ®h l) (-t), where S 1 (t) is a function of time and h 1D (-t) is a time inversion of the impulse response Ji 1 -, (t) between the point i and each antenna j of the first network; the second network comprises several antennas located at several points of indices i and surrounded by metal diffusers located respectively at a distance less than said predetermined distance from the corresponding point i, and the electronic central unit is adapted to transmit to each antenna j of the first network, electromagnetic waves corresponding to at least the signals S fl (t) ≈Sχt) ®h ,, (-t).
- l'unité centrale électronique est adaptée pour faire émettre à chaque antenne j du premier réseau, des ondes électromagnétiques correspondant à une superposition de signaux Sβ(t) = S,(t)® hv(-t) , pour plusieurs valeurs de i.the electronic central unit is adapted to transmit to each antenna j of the first network, electromagnetic waves corresponding to a superimposition of signals S β (t) = S, (t) ® h v (-t), for several values of i.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de 1 ' invention apparaîtront au cours de la description suivante d'une de ses formes de réalisation, donnée à titre d'exemple non limitatif, en regard des dessins joints. Sur les dessins : la figure 1 est un schéma de principe d'un dispositif mettant en œuvre le procédé de focalisation selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention, - la figure 2 est une vue de dessus d'une antenne, entourée de diffuseurs, appartenant à l'un des réseaux d'antennes du dispositif de la figure 1,Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of one of its embodiments, given by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings: FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a device implementing the focusing method according to one embodiment of the invention; FIG. 2 is a top view of an antenna, surrounded by diffusers; , belonging to one of the antenna arrays of the device of FIG.
- et la figure 3 est une vue en perspective montrant l'antenne et les diffuseurs métalliques de la figure 2, dans un exemple de réalisation.and FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the antenna and the metal diffusers of FIG. 2, in one exemplary embodiment.
Sur les différentes figures, les mêmes références désignent des éléments identiques ou similaires.In the different figures, the same references designate identical or similar elements.
La figure 1 représente un dispositif de communication radio, fonctionnant avec des ondes électromagnétiques ayant une fréquence centrale généralement comprise entre 0,7 et 50 GHz, par exemple de l'ordre de 2,45 GHz (correspondant à une longueur d'onde de 12,25 cm) . Ce dispositif comporte un premier réseau 1 d'antennes 2, reliées à une première unité centrale électronique 3 (UCl) et un deuxième réseau 4 d'antennes 5, reliées à une deuxième unité centrale électronique 6 (UC2) .FIG. 1 represents a radio communication device operating with electromagnetic waves having a central frequency generally of between 0.7 and 50 GHz, for example of the order of 2.45 GHz (corresponding to a wavelength of 12 , 25 cm). This device comprises a first network 1 of antennas 2, connected to a first electronic central unit 3 (UCl) and a second network 4 of antennas 5, connected to a second electronic central unit 6 (UC2).
Les antennes 2, 5 sont ici au nombre de 8 pour chaque réseau 1, 4 mais pourraient être en nombre différent. En particulier, le deuxième réseau 4 pourrait le cas échéant comporter une seule antenne 5.Antennas 2, 5 are here in number of 8 for each network 1, 4 but could be different in number. In particular, the second network 4 could possibly include a single antenna 5.
Les antennes 5 du deuxième réseau sont séparées les unes des autres par une distance L (identique ou non suivant les paires d'antenne 5 considérées), qui est inférieure à la longueur d'onde λ des ondes électromagnétiques. La distance L peut par exemple être de l'ordre de 4 mm, soit légèrement inférieure à λ/30. Les premier et deuxième réseaux 1, 4, en revanche, sont éloignés l'un de l'autre d'une distance relativement grande par rapport à λ, cette distance étant généralement supérieure à 3λ. Comme représenté sur la figure 2, chaque antenne 5 du deuxième réseau est entouré par une pluralité de diffuseurs métalliques 5, qui sont situés dans un rayon R autour de l'antenne 5. Le rayon R est inférieur à λ/2, de préférence inférieur à λ/10 et notamment inférieur à λ/50. Chaque antenne 5 est de type réactif. Autrement dit, la partie imaginaire de l'impédance de l'antenne est non négligeable, de façon que l'antenne 5 créée un champ évanescent lorsqu'elle reçoit un signal électrique.The antennas 5 of the second network are separated from each other by a distance L (identical or not depending on the antenna pairs 5 considered), which is less than the wavelength λ of the electromagnetic waves. The distance L may for example be of the order of 4 mm, slightly less than λ / 30. The first and second networks 1, 4, however, are distant from each other by a relatively large distance from λ, this distance being generally greater than 3λ. As shown in FIG. 2, each antenna 5 of the second network is surrounded by a plurality of metal diffusers 5, which are located in a radius R around the antenna 5. The radius R is less than λ / 2, preferably less than at λ / 10 and in particular less than λ / 50. Each antenna 5 is of reactive type. In other words, the imaginary part of the impedance of the antenna is not negligible, so that the antenna 5 creates an evanescent field when it receives an electrical signal.
Avantageusement, la partie imaginaire de l'impédance de l'antenne réactive est supérieure à la partie réelle.Advantageously, the imaginary part of the impedance of the reactive antenna is greater than the real part.
Par exemple, la partie imaginaire de l'impédance est supérieure à 50 fois la partie réelle de l'impédance.For example, the imaginary part of the impedance is greater than 50 times the real part of the impedance.
Dans l'exemple particulier considéré ici, la partie réelle de l'impédance est de 10 Ω et la partie imaginaire de 100 Ω.In the particular example considered here, the real part of the impedance is 10 Ω and the imaginary part of 100 Ω.
De cette façon, l'antenne réactive 5 génère essentiellement un champ réactif lorsqu'elle reçoit un signal électrique, de sorte qu'elle génère alors une onde électromagnétique évanescente localisée uniquement autour de ladite antenne réactive (au contraire d'une onde propagative qui se propage à relativement grande distance par rapport à l'antenne 5). Les diffuseurs métalliques 7 sont en nombre supérieur à 10, par exemple en nombre supérieur à 20, dans la zone de diamètre R.In this way, the reactive antenna 5 essentially generates a reactive field when it receives an electrical signal, so that it then generates an evanescent electromagnetic wave located only around said reactive antenna (unlike a propagating wave that propagates relatively far away from the antenna 5). The metal diffusers 7 are in number greater than 10, for example greater than 20, in the zone of diameter R.
Ces diffuseurs métalliques sont par exemple de simples éléments conducteurs, par exemple des fils de cuivre .These metal diffusers are for example simple conductive elements, for example copper wires.
Comme cela est connu, ces diffuseurs, lorsqu'ils reçoivent l'onde électromagnétique évanescente provenant de l'antenne réactive 5, transforment cette onde évanescente en onde propagative. Inversement, lorsqu'ils reçoivent une onde propagative électromagnétique, ces diffuseurs 7 transforment ladite onde propagative en onde évanescente.As is known, these diffusers, when they receive the evanescent electromagnetic wave coming from the reactive antenna 5, transform this evanescent wave into a propagating wave. Conversely, when they receive a electromagnetic propagating wave, these diffusers 7 transform said propagating wave evanescent wave.
A titre d'exemple non limitatif, la figure 3 montre un mode de réalisation de l'antenne réactive 5 et des diffuseurs réactifs 7. Dans cet exemple, l'antenne réactiveBy way of non-limiting example, FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the reactive antenna 5 and the reactive diffusers 7. In this example, the reactive antenna
5 peut être constituée par exemple par un câble coaxial dont l'âme 8 et le diélectrique 12 traversent une plaque en résine 10 dont la partie inférieure présente une couche 11 de métal en liaison électrique avec le blindage 9 du câble coaxial, l'âme 8 dépassant de la plaque 10 d'une faible distance e, par exemple de l'ordre de 2 mm.5 can be constituted for example by a coaxial cable whose core 8 and the dielectric 12 pass through a resin plate 10 whose lower part has a layer 11 of metal in electrical connection with the shield 9 of the coaxial cable, the core 8 protruding from the plate 10 by a small distance e, for example of the order of 2 mm.
La distance e est de préférence faible par rapport à la longueur d'onde λ. L'âme 8 peut ainsi émettre ou recevoir des ondes électromagnétiques sur son court tronçon qui dépasse de la plaque 10.The distance e is preferably small relative to the wavelength λ. The core 8 can thus emit or receive electromagnetic waves on its short section that protrudes from the plate 10.
Les diffuseurs métalliques 7 se présentent ici par exemple sous la forme de fins fils de cuivre tous parallèles entre eux et parallèles à l'âme 8 susmentionnée.The metal diffusers 7 are here for example in the form of fine copper wires all parallel to each other and parallel to the core 8 mentioned above.
Ces fils de cuivre présentent par exemple une longueur 1 de l'ordre de 4 à 5 cm, et ils peuvent être fixés sur la plaque 10, par exemple par surmoulage par la résine formant cette plaque.These copper wires have for example a length 1 of the order of 4 to 5 cm, and they can be fixed on the plate 10, for example by overmoulding by the resin forming this plate.
Dans l'exemple décrit ici, les antennes 2 du premier réseau 1 sont des antennes classiques, disposées à relativement grande distance les unes des autres par rapport aux antennes du deuxième réseau 4, mais bien entendu, le premier réseau 1 pourrait être identique ou similaire au deuxième réseau 4.In the example described here, the antennas 2 of the first network 1 are conventional antennas arranged relatively far apart from each other with respect to the antennas of the second network 4, but of course the first network 1 could be identical or similar. to the second network 4.
Le dispositif qui vient d'être décrit peut être utilisé par exemple pour faire communiquer sélectivementThe device that has just been described can be used for example to selectively communicate
(simultanément ou non) le premier réseau 1 avec chaque antenne 5 du deuxième réseau 4.(simultaneously or not) the first network 1 with each antenna 5 of the second network 4.
A cet effet, au cours d'une étape initiale d'apprentissage, on fait émettre successivement par chaque antenne réactive 5 une onde électromagnétique correspondant à un signal impuisionnel présentant par exemple une durée de l'ordre de 10 ns . Cette onde électromagnétique est reçue par les différentes antennes 2 du premier réseau 1, et les signaux ainsi reçus par les antennes 2 correspondent respectivement aux réponses impulsionnelles hXD (t) entre l'antenne réactive 5 qui a émis le signal et chaque antenne 2 du premier réseau, i étant un indice qui désigne l'antenne réactive 5 et j étant un indice qui désigne l'antenne 2 concernée .For this purpose, during an initial learning step, an electromagnetic wave corresponding to an impulsion signal having, for example, a duration of the order of 10 ns, is emitted successively by each reactive antenna 5. This electromagnetic wave is received by the different antennas 2 of the first network 1, and the signals thus received by the antennas 2 respectively correspond to the impulse responses h XD (t) between the reactive antenna 5 which has emitted the signal and each antenna 2 of the first network, i being an index which designates the reactive antenna 5 and j being an index which designates the antenna 2 concerned.
On notera que la réponse impulsionnelle h13(t) pourrait être déterminée différemment, par exemple en faisant émettre des signaux prédéterminés par les antennes j du premier réseau, en captant les signaux reçus par les antennes i du deuxième réseau, en transmettant les signaux captés à la première unité centrale 3 (cette transmission peut se faire par voie filaire, radio ou autre) et en traitant ces signaux captés. Un exemple de procédé de ce type est donné dans le document WO-A-2004/086557.It will be noted that the impulse response h 13 (t) could be determined differently, for example by sending predetermined signals by the antennas j of the first network, by picking up the signals received by the antennas i of the second network, by transmitting the signals received. to the first CPU 3 (this transmission can be done by wire, radio or other) and processing these signals captured. An example of a process of this type is given in WO-A-2004/086557.
La première unité centrale 3 procède ensuite à une inversion temporelle de ces réponses impulsionnelles pour obtenir ainsi des signaux h±3 (-t) .The first CPU 3 then performs a time inversion of these impulse responses to thereby obtain h ± 3 (-t) signals.
Cette étape d'inversion temporelle peut être réalisée par exemple comme décrit dans la publication de LEROSEY et al. (Physical review letters - 14 mai 2004 - The American Physical Society - Vol. 92, n°19, pages 193904-1 à 193904-3) .This time inversion step can be carried out for example as described in the publication by LEROSEY et al. (Physical review letters - May 14, 2004 - The American Physical Society - Vol.92, No. 19, pages 193904-1 to 193904-3).
Par la suite, lorsqu'on souhaite transmettre un signal S(t) à l'une des antennes réactives 5 d'indice i, la première unité centrale 3 fait émettre par chaque antenne 2 d'indice j un signal S31(t) ≈ S1 (t ) ®h1D (-t ) . On notera que, de cette façon, la première unité centrale 3 peut éventuellement transmettre plusieurs signaux S1 (t) en parallèle, respectivement à plusieurs antennes réactives 5 d'indices Ix, I2, Is, etc.Subsequently, when it is desired to transmit a signal S (t) to one of the reactive antennas 5 of index i, the first central unit 3 causes each antenna 2 of index j to transmit a signal S 31 (t). ≈ S 1 (t) ®h 1D (-t). It will be noted that, in this way, the first central unit 3 can optionally transmit several signals S 1 (t) in parallel, respectively to several reactive antennas with indices I x , I 2 , Is, etc.
A cet effet, au cours de l'étape de focalisation, on fait émettre par chaque antenne j du premier réseau, des ondes électromagnétiques correspondant à une superposition de signaux S31 (t) pour plusieurs valeurs de i (les signaux S3I (t) correspondant aux différentes antennes réactives i sont sommés avant émission de l'onde électromagnétique par chaque antenne d'indice j).For this purpose, during the focusing step, electromagnetic waves corresponding to a superposition of signals S 31 (t) for several values of i are transmitted by each antenna j of the first network. S 3I (t) corresponding to the different reactive antennas i are summed before emission of the electromagnetic wave by each antenna index j).
On notera que la communication bidirectionnelle entre les unités centrales 3 et 6 peut être encore améliorée, si l'on procède à l'étape initiale d'apprentissage également en faisant émettre par chaque antenne 2 un signal impulsionnel au cours de l'étape d'apprentissage de façon à calculer alors des réponses impulsionnelles h-)1(t} entre chaque antenne 2 d'indice j et chaque antenne 5 d'indice i. Dans ce cas, la deuxième unité centrale 6 est également adaptée pour calculer et mémoriser les inversions temporelles hD1(-t) de ces réponses impulsionnelles. Dans ce cas, lorsque la deuxième unité centrale 6 doit transmettre un signal S3 (t) à l'antenne 2-, du premier réseau 1, elle fait émettre par l'ensemble des antennes réactives 5 d'indices i des signaux Note that the bidirectional communication between the central units 3 and 6 can be further improved, if one proceeds to the initial learning step also by sending each antenna 2 a pulse signal during the step of learning so as to calculate impulse responses h- ) 1 (t} between each antenna 2 of index j and each antenna 5 index I. In this case, the second central unit 6 is also adapted to calculate and memorize the temporal reversals D1 h (-t) of these impulse responses. in this case, when the second central processing unit 6 to transmit a signal S 3 (t) at the antenna 2, the first network 1, it caused to emit the together reactive antennas 5 indices i signals
Comme expliqué précédemment, ces signaux S1-, (t) peuvent éventuellement être superposés pour plusieurs valeurs de j , de façon à transmettre en parallèle différents messages aux différentes antennes 2 depuis la première unité centrale 6.As explained above, these signals S 1 -, (t) may possibly be superimposed for several values of j, so as to transmit in parallel different messages to the different antennas 2 from the first central unit 6.
Le dispositif qui vient d'être décrit peut être utilisé par exemple pour faire communiquer entre eux des appareils électroniques tels que des microordinateurs ou autres à l'échelle d'une pièce ou d'un bâtiment, voire pour faire communiquer entre eux différents circuits à l'intérieur d'un même appareil électronique, sans liaison physique entre ses circuits.The device that has just been described can be used for example to communicate with each other electronic devices such as microcomputers or others at the scale of a room or a building, or even to communicate between them different circuits to inside the same electronic device, without physical connection between its circuits.
On notera que, dans les applications de communication, la focalisation susmentionnée pourrait être remplacée par un procédé à base de corrélation ou un procédé utilisant un enregistrement et une inversion de la matrice de transfert pour transmettre sélectivement un signal à une des antennes réactives 5.It should be noted that in the communication applications, the above-mentioned focus could be replaced by a correlation-based method or a method using registration and inversion of the transfer matrix to selectively transmit a signal to one of the reactive antennas 5.
Par ailleurs, l'invention peut également être utilisée pour concentrer les ondes électromagnétiques sur une faible tache de focalisation aux fins de traitement d'un matériau situé au niveau de cette tache de focalisation. Dans ce cas, l'antenne réactive 5 peut éventuellement être enlevée lors de l'étape de focalisation, les diffuseurs réactifs restant toutefois présents lors de cette étape.Moreover, the invention can also be used to focus the electromagnetic waves on a weak focusing spot for the purpose of processing a material located at this focusing spot. In this case, the reactive antenna 5 may possibly be removed during the focusing step, the reactive diffusers remaining however present during this step.
Enfin, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux ondes électromagnétiques, mais pourrait être utilisée également pour transmettre des ondes ultrasonores. Finally, the invention is not limited to electromagnetic waves, but could also be used to transmit ultrasonic waves.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé de transmission d'ondes choisies parmi les ondes électromagnétiques et les ondes acoustiques, pour focaliser une onde de longueur d'onde λ en au moins un point de focalisation d'indice i, l'onde étant émise par des antennes (2) d'indice j appartenant à un premier réseau (D, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise, au voisinage du point de focalisation i, au moins un diffuseur (7) pour l'onde, situé à une distance inférieure à une distance prédéterminée (R) dudit point de focalisation, ladite distance prédéterminée étant au plus égale à λ/10.A method for transmitting selected waves among electromagnetic waves and acoustic waves, for focusing a wave of wavelength λ into at least one focusing point of index i, the wave being emitted by antennas (2). ) of index j belonging to a first network (D, characterized in that, in the vicinity of the focusing point i, at least one diffuser (7) for the wave, located at a distance less than a predetermined distance, is used (R) said focus point, said predetermined distance being at most equal to λ / 10.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, comprenant au moins :2. Method according to claim 1, comprising at least:
(a) une étape d'apprentissage dans laquelle on détermine à partir de signaux échangés entre les antennes j (2) du premier réseau et au moins une antenne (5) située au point de focalisation i et appartenant à un deuxième réseau (4), une réponse impulsionnelle h13(t) entre le point de focalisation i et chaque antenne j (2) du premier réseau,(a) a learning step in which is determined from signals exchanged between the antennas j (2) of the first network and at least one antenna (5) located at the point of focus i and belonging to a second network (4) an impulse response h 13 (t) between the focusing point i and each antenna j (2) of the first grating,
(b) une étape de focalisation au cours de laquelle on fait émettre depuis lesdites antennes j (2) du premier réseau, des ondes correspondant à des signaux S,,(0≈ S,(t)® hη(-t)f où S1 (t) est une fonction du temps et h13 (-t) est une inversion temporelle de la réponse impulsionnelle h13(t) entre le point de focalisation i et l'antenne j (2), au moins le diffuseur (7) restant présent autour du point de focalisation i lors de l'étape de focalisation.(b) a focussing step in which the waves are transmitted from said antennas j (2) of the first network, corresponding to signals S ,, (0≈ S, (t) h h η (-t) f where S 1 (t) is a function of time and h 13 (-t) is a time inversion of the impulse response h 13 (t) between the focusing point i and the antenna j (2), at least the diffuser (7) remaining present around the focus point i during the focusing step.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, dans lequel, au cours de l'étape d'apprentissage : on fait émettre, par l'antenne (5) du deuxième réseau, située audit point de focalisation i, une onde correspondant à un signal prédéterminé, - on capte des signaux générés par ladite onde sur les antennes (2) d'indices j du premier réseau (1), et on détermine à partir des signaux captés une réponse impulsionnelle h13(t) entre le point de focalisation i et chaque antenne j (2) du premier réseau.3. The method as claimed in claim 2, in which, during the learning step, the antenna (5) of the second network, located at said focal point i, transmits a wave corresponding to a predetermined signal. , signals picked up by said wave are picked up on the antennas (2) of indices j of the first network (1), and an impulse response h 13 (t) is determined from the signals picked up between the focusing point i and each antenna j (2) of the first network.
4. Procédé selon la revendication 2 ou la revendication 3, dans lequel l'antenne (5) du deuxième réseau est présente au point de focalisation i lors de l'étape de focalisation, et on établit une communication entre ladite antenne (5) et les antennes (2) du premier réseau .4. Method according to claim 2 or claim 3, wherein the antenna (5) of the second network is present at the point of focus i during the focusing step, and a communication is established between said antenna (5) and the antennas (2) of the first network.
5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, dans lequel l'étape d'apprentissage est réalisée pour plusieurs points de focalisation d'indices i où sont disposées respectivement des antennes du deuxième réseau ayant chacune au moins un diffuseur situé à une distance inférieure à ladite distance prédéterminée par rapport au point de focalisation i correspondant, et au cours de l'étape de focalisation, on fait émettre à chaque antenne j du premier réseau, des ondes électromagnétiques correspondant au moins à des signaux5. Method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the learning step is performed for several index focusing points i where are arranged respectively antennas of the second network each having at least one diffuser located at a distance less than said predetermined distance from the corresponding focal point i, and during the focusing step, is sent to each antenna j of the first network, electromagnetic waves corresponding at least to signals
S/t(t) = S1(t) ® hn {-t) , où i est l'indice d'un des points de focalisation souhaités. S / t (t) = S 1 (t) ® h n {-t), where i is the index of one of the desired focus points.
6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, dans lequel, au cours de l'étape de focalisation, on fait émettre par chaque antenne j du premier réseau, des ondes électromagnétiques correspondant à une superposition de signaux S , pour plusieurs valeurs de i.6. The method as claimed in claim 5, in which, during the focusing step, electromagnetic waves corresponding to a superposition of signals S are emitted by each antenna j of the first network. , for several values of i.
7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 et 6, dans lequel les antennes (5) du deuxième réseau sont présentes aux points de focalisation i lors de l'étape de focalisation et au cours de l'étape de focalisation, on établit une communication sélective entre les antennes j (2) du premier réseau et au moins certaines desdites antennes (5) du deuxième réseau.7. Method according to any one of claims 5 and 6, wherein the antennas (5) of the second network are present at the focusing points i during the focusing step and during the step of focusing, selective communication is established between the antennas j (2) of the first network and at least some of said antennas (5) of the second network.
8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel on utilise on utilise plusieurs diffuseurs, préférentiellement au moins 10 diffuseurs, situés à une distance inférieure à ladite distance prédéterminée du point de focalisation i.8. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein using is used several diffusers, preferably at least 10 diffusers, located at a distance less than said predetermined distance from the focal point i.
9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la distance prédéterminée (R) est au plus égale à λ/50.9. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the predetermined distance (R) is at most equal to λ / 50.
10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'onde est électromagnétique . The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the wave is electromagnetic.
11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, dans lequel l'onde présente une fréquence f comprise entre 0,7 et 50 GHz.11. The method of claim 10, wherein the wave has a frequency f between 0.7 and 50 GHz.
12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 et 11, dans lequel l'antenne (5) du deuxième réseau utilisée au point de focalisation présente une impédance ayant une partie imaginaire supérieure à la partie réelle, de façon à générer essentiellement un champ réactif .12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the antenna of the second network used at the focusing point has an impedance having an imaginary part greater than the real part, so as essentially to generate a field. reactive.
13. Procédé selon la revendication 12, dans lequel la partie imaginaire de l'impédance de l'antenne (5) du deuxième réseau est supérieure à 50 fois la partie réelle.13. The method of claim 12, wherein the imaginary part of the impedance of the antenna (5) of the second network is greater than 50 times the real part.
14. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 13, dans lequel on utilise des diffuseurs métalliques. 14. Process according to any one of claims 10 to 13, in which metal diffusers are used.
15. Dispositif pour recevoir une onde électromagnétique de longueur d'onde λ en au moins un point d'indice i, ce dispositif comprenant au moins un diffuseur métallique (7) pour l'onde électromagnétique, situés à une distance inférieure à une distance prédéterminée (R) du point i, ladite distance prédéterminée étant au plus égale à λ/10, où λ est la longueur d'onde de l'onde électromagnétique .15. Device for receiving an electromagnetic wave of wavelength λ in at least one index point i, this device comprising at least one metal diffuser (7) for the electromagnetic wave, located at a distance less than a predetermined distance (R) of the point i, said predetermined distance being at most equal at λ / 10, where λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.
16. Dispositif selon la revendication 15, comprenant plusieurs diffuseurs métalliques, préférentiellement au moins 10 diffuseurs métalliques (7) à une distance inférieure à la distance prédéterminée (R) du point i .16. Device according to claim 15, comprising a plurality of metal diffusers, preferably at least 10 metal diffusers (7) at a distance less than the predetermined distance (R) from the point i.
17. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 15 et 16, dans lequel la distance prédéterminée (R) est au plus égale à λ/50.17. Device according to any one of claims 15 and 16, wherein the predetermined distance (R) is at most equal to λ / 50.
18. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 15 à 17, comprenant, au point i, une antenne (5) appartenant à un deuxième réseau.18. Device according to any one of claims 15 to 17, comprising, at point i, an antenna (5) belonging to a second network.
19. Dispositif selon la revendication 18, dans lequel l'antenne (5) du deuxième réseau présente une impédance ayant une partie imaginaire supérieure à la partie réelle, de façon à générer essentiellement un champ évanescent .19. Device according to claim 18, wherein the antenna (5) of the second network has an impedance having an imaginary part greater than the real part, so as to essentially generate an evanescent field.
20. Dispositif selon la revendication 19, dans lequel la partie imaginaire de l'impédance est supérieure àThe device of claim 19, wherein the imaginary portion of the impedance is greater than
50 fois la partie réelle.50 times the real part.
21. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 15 à 20, comportant plusieurs antennes (2) d'indices j appartenant à un premier réseau (1), et une unité centrale électronique (3) commandant lesdites antennes j (2) du premier réseau pour faire émettre depuis iesdites antennes j du premier réseau, des ondes électromagnétiques correspondant à des signaux SJI(t) = Sl(t)®hl/(-t), où Si(t) est une fonction du temps et h±3 (-t) est une inversion temporelle de la réponse impulsionnelle h13(t) entre le point i et chaque antenne j du premier réseau.21. Device according to any one of claims 15 to 20, comprising several antennas (2) of indices j belonging to a first network (1), and an electronic central unit (3) controlling said antennas j (2) of the first network for transmitting from said first antennas j of the first network, electromagnetic waves corresponding to S JI (t) = S l (t) ®h l / (-t) signals, where Si (t) is a function of time and h ± 3 (-t) is a time inversion of the impulse response h 13 (t) between the point i and each antenna j of the first network.
22. Dispositif selon la revendication 21, dans lequel le deuxième réseau comporte plusieurs antennes (5) situées en plusieurs points d'indices i et entourées par des diffuseurs métalliques (7) situés respectivement à une distance inférieure à ladite distance prédéterminée par rapport au point i correspondant, et l'unité centrale électronique (3) est adaptée pour faire émettre à chaque antenne j (2) du premier réseau, des ondes électromagnétiques correspondant au moins à des signaux22. Device according to claim 21, wherein the second network comprises several antennas (5) located at several points of indices i and surrounded by metal diffusers (7) respectively located at a distance less than said predetermined distance from the corresponding point i, and the electronic central unit (3) is adapted to transmit to each antenna j (2) of the first network, waves electromagnetic signals corresponding at least to signals
S11 (t) = S,(t)Θ h,,{-t).S 11 (t) = S, (t) Θ h ,, {- t).
23. Dispositif selon la revendication 22, dans lequel l'unité centrale électronique (3) est adaptée pour faire émettre à chaque antenne j (2) du premier réseau, des ondes électromagnétiques correspondant à une superposition de signaux S,,(/) = St{t)®hη{-t) , pour plusieurs valeurs de i. 23. Device according to claim 22, wherein the electronic central unit (3) is adapted to emit at each antenna j (2) of the first network, electromagnetic waves corresponding to a superposition of signals S ,, (/) = S t {t) ®h η {-t), for several values of i.
EP07823566.0A 2006-07-11 2007-07-11 Method and device of transmission of waves Active EP2039021B1 (en)

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FR0606315A FR2903827B1 (en) 2006-07-11 2006-07-11 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TRANSMITTING WAVE.
PCT/FR2007/051644 WO2008007024A1 (en) 2006-07-11 2007-07-11 Method and device of transmission of waves

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ES2603219T3 (en) 2017-02-24
CA2657708C (en) 2016-01-26
CN101536347B (en) 2013-06-05
US20090309805A1 (en) 2009-12-17
FR2903827A1 (en) 2008-01-18
EP2039021B1 (en) 2016-08-31
JP5068315B2 (en) 2012-11-07
WO2008007024A1 (en) 2008-01-17
FR2903827B1 (en) 2009-01-23
CA2657708A1 (en) 2008-01-17
US8102328B2 (en) 2012-01-24
CN101536347A (en) 2009-09-16

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