EP2035985A1 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zur berechnung und bereitstellung einer medikamentendosis - Google Patents
Vorrichtung und verfahren zur berechnung und bereitstellung einer medikamentendosisInfo
- Publication number
- EP2035985A1 EP2035985A1 EP07764693A EP07764693A EP2035985A1 EP 2035985 A1 EP2035985 A1 EP 2035985A1 EP 07764693 A EP07764693 A EP 07764693A EP 07764693 A EP07764693 A EP 07764693A EP 2035985 A1 EP2035985 A1 EP 2035985A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- information
- clearance
- drug
- patient
- body mass
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16C—COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY; CHEMOINFORMATICS; COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
- G16C20/00—Chemoinformatics, i.e. ICT specially adapted for the handling of physicochemical or structural data of chemical particles, elements, compounds or mixtures
- G16C20/30—Prediction of properties of chemical compounds, compositions or mixtures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16B—BIOINFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR GENETIC OR PROTEIN-RELATED DATA PROCESSING IN COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
- G16B20/00—ICT specially adapted for functional genomics or proteomics, e.g. genotype-phenotype associations
- G16B20/20—Allele or variant detection, e.g. single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] detection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16B—BIOINFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR GENETIC OR PROTEIN-RELATED DATA PROCESSING IN COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
- G16B5/00—ICT specially adapted for modelling or simulations in systems biology, e.g. gene-regulatory networks, protein interaction networks or metabolic networks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16B—BIOINFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR GENETIC OR PROTEIN-RELATED DATA PROCESSING IN COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
- G16B20/00—ICT specially adapted for functional genomics or proteomics, e.g. genotype-phenotype associations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16C—COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY; CHEMOINFORMATICS; COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
- G16C20/00—Chemoinformatics, i.e. ICT specially adapted for the handling of physicochemical or structural data of chemical particles, elements, compounds or mixtures
- G16C20/90—Programming languages; Computing architectures; Database systems; Data warehousing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for use in the clinical / therapeutic area for patient-individual optimization of the dosage and / or dosage regimen of a drug based on rational, mathematical models, which disease-related physiological changes and other peculiarities of the patient and the interaction with take into account co-medications administered promptly, and the provision of this drug dosage by means of a dosing device.
- Patient-specific dosages are particularly problematical if the need for dose adjustment results from the interaction with one or more further medicaments which is administered promptly to the same patient (co-medication).
- co-medication a further medicament which is administered promptly to the same patient
- mutual interference for.
- two substances are degraded via the same metabolic pathway in the liver or are substrates of the same transporter protein.
- processes such as induction or inhibition of enzymes may cause the dose to be changed and adjusted during therapy.
- US 2002/0091546 describes a computer-based method which administers clinically / therapeutically relevant information such as patient data as well as data on indications and active substances and makes it available to the practitioner as a decision-making aid in the dosing and therapy planning.
- US 2001/0001144 discloses a computer-based method for therapy management, which calculates a drug dosage to the pharmacist or practitioner from patient data and data about the drug to be administered. This paper also describes the consideration of interactions with other medications. To determine the patient-specific dosage, the patient data of the patient to be treated are compared with the data of previous patients with similar characteristics and clinical picture (patient data matching).
- a first important prerequisite for the reliable prediction of the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of a drug is an accurate estimate of the elimination rates (the so-called clearance) for the drug of each patient.
- These metabolic and excretion rates can vary widely from person to person, e.g. Due to different factors such as age, gender, race, the presence of pathophysiological factors such as renal or hepatic insufficiency or individual genetic differences.
- the variability of the activity of the enzymes of the cytochrome CYP450 system may be known to be a cause that the effects and side effects of a drug at the same dosage may vary greatly from patient to patient.
- genetic polymorphisms are known that significantly reduce or completely eliminate the activity.
- a scaling of excretion rates may occur, for example.
- clinical parameters such as creatinine clearance or the status of liver enzymes.
- the second important requirement is a correct scaling of the volume of distribution, which essentially results from substance properties such as lipophilicity and free fraction in the plasma as well as the individual body composition (water, fat and protein content), which is also dependent on the age and condition of the patient , Certain diseases, eg. For example, those associated with malnutrition or poor use of ingested food alter the composition of the body in terms of water, fat and protein content. This is known in the art.
- Unit Dose Systems are the Cadet ® from AccuChart TM systems, medical packaging system of Medical Packaging Inc., Swisslog's PillPicker systems or the AUTOMED ® system of AmerisourceBergen Technology Group and others.
- DE 103 09 473 likewise describes a device for producing an individual solid medicament dosage. However, this patent does not disclose by which method the optimal dose for each patient is determined.
- relevant parameters of the patient of anthropometric / physiological, pathophysiological, biochemical and / or genetic nature should be taken into account as well as information and parameters specific to the drug to be administered. If additional medication is administered to the patient during treatment, pharmacokinetic and dynamic effects of co-medication should also be considered.
- the device according to the invention should continue to take into account the interaction in the dose calculation and at Incompatibility of drug combinations and existing contraindications additionally issue a warning to the practitioner.
- the device according to the invention should be able to eliminate any undesired side effects due to drug interactions through an optimized dosage scheme, ie by specifying time intervals between the administration of the medicaments involved; to minimize.
- the provision of the drug in the optimal dosage should be promptly at the point of care, ie, for example, in the hospital or in the doctor's office.
- the solution to the problem posed is provided by a device comprising an input unit (1), a calculation unit (2) and an associated automatic drug delivery device (3) ( Figure 1).
- the input unit (1) serves to acquire the relevant individual patient information (101) of the patient to be treated.
- the dosage regimens of all other medications administered are also relevant and are therefore among the input parameters.
- food ingredients can also affect the pharmacokinetics of drugs, resulting in similar adverse interactions with drugs. This is z. As the St. John's wort or green tea and grapefruit juice the case. Such food ingredients are then treated analogously to the co-drugs.
- the input unit is all common data input systems for computers. Particularly preferred for use in the clinic or in the doctor's office is a handheld device.
- the input of individual parameters of the patient to be treated (101) is usually carried out by the practitioner.
- the calculation unit (2) calculates the optimal drug dose and, if appropriate, the optimal dosage regimen. It consists of computer-implemented software and the hardware needed to run the program.
- the hardware is usually a standard PC. This is either directly connected to the input device, as in the case of a laptop computer with built-in keyboard or chip card reader, or installed in a remote and connected to the input device (server). In principle, all common transmission techniques, both wired and wireless methods are suitable and conceivable. Particularly preferred is a wireless transmission of the information entered via the handheld input module or the smart card reader patient information.
- the software manages all information relevant to the calculation of the optimal dosage of medication in one or more databases as well as the calculation of the patient-specific dose. These information relevant to the calculation of the drug dose can be subdivided into physiological (or anthropometric) information (201), pathological information (202), drug-specific information (203) and optionally information on additionally administered medicaments, so-called co-drugs (204 ).
- Relevant physiological or anthropometric (201) and pathophysiological information (202) are analogous to the individual patient information (101), for example age, sex, race, body weight, body size, body mass index, lean body mass, fat free body mass, gene expression data, diseases , Allergies, medication, kidney function and liver function.
- pathophysiological information (202) are in particular diseases, allergies, renal function and liver function
- the drug information (203) includes, for example, lipophilicity, free plasma fraction, blood plasma ratio, volume of distribution, clearance, type of clearance, clearance proportions, type of excretion, dosage regimen, transporter substrate, PD endpoint, and side effects.
- Relevant drug information (203) is in particular the recommended therapeutic dosage (according to the manufacturer), pharmacodynamic endpoint, clearance (total clearance as blood or plasma clearance in a reference population or a reference individual) and type of clearance (hepatic metabolically, biliary, renal, etc.). ) as well as the shares of the individual processes in the total clearance, kinetic parameters of active transporters, if the drug substrate for one or more active transporters, as well as physicochemical and pharmacokinetic information such. Lipophilicity, unbound plasma fraction, plasma proteins to which the drug binds, blood / plasma partition coefficient, or volume of distribution.
- the corresponding above-mentioned information on all other drugs administered is content of the co-medication database (204).
- Empirical knowledge which z. B. can be obtained by the search of case studies, may also be additional part of the databases with drug information or information on co-drugs.
- Rational mathematical models in this context may be, for example, allometric scaling functions or physiology-based pharmacokinetic models.
- a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic simulation model is used to calculate the individual dosage.
- a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic simulation model is used to calculate the individual dosage.
- the dynamically generated physiologically-based simulation model is described in detail in WO2005 / 633982.
- a particular advantage of using the physiology-based simulation model from WO2005 / 633982 lies in the possibility of simulating a simultaneous administration of several drugs and their interaction dynamically.
- Dynamic in this context means that in the interaction, the kinetics of the two (possibly also of several) interacting substances can be taken into account. This is compared to a stati- view, in which z. B. an enzyme or a transporter is completely or partially inhibited without time dependence, of advantage, since the dynamic simulation allows an optimization of the dosing schema.
- One possible result of such an optimization of the dosing mas is, for example, a maximum time interval of z. 12 hours (once a day) to administer two interacting substances to minimize mutual interference.
- the dynamically coupled simulation models described in WO2005 / 633982 form the basis for the optimization of the dosing scheme.
- the influence of the time delay of administration of the drug and the co-drug interacting therewith can be simulated on the desired pharmacodynamic and undesired side effects, thus optimizing the parallel administration of both drugs.
- the optimum dose of medication obtained for the patient in question is transmitted to the automatic dosing device (3).
- the location of the automatic dosing device (3) is not particularly limited, and may be the hospital pharmacy in the case of a hospital, for example.
- the transmission of the information of the optimal dose of medication to the automatic dosing device (3) can be wired or wireless, or even electronically stored / transmitted as a recipe or transmitted in paper form.
- the drug dose is measured (301) according to the conventional methods known and provided after preparation to the treating person or patient (302).
- Suitable automatic dosing devices for volumetric or gravimetric measurement of liquids are in liquid formulations, in the case of solid dosage forms known in the prior art unit-dose systems.
- the patient information (101) merely consists of specifying the age and weight of the patient, in particular the indication of the age and weight of a child.
- physiological / anthropometric parameters (201) mean values for a child of the corresponding age are assumed, pathological changes conditions are disregarded in the simplest embodiment.
- the dose calculation is done by scaling the clearance according to one of the methods described in the literature from the value for adults, such. See, for example, AN Edginton, W. Schmitt, B. Voith, S. Willmann: "A Mechanistic Approach to the Scaling of Clearance in Children," Clin. Pharmacokin. (accepted for publication 2005) (see also Example A).
- the inventive device which can be used as a point of care solution depending on the version directly in the clinic or doctor's office, are in the time savings for the practitioner and in the significantly reduced error rate. Both aspects make a significant contribution to making medication therapy safer and more efficient.
- the device according to the invention can advantageously be integrated into existing software solutions that manage the workflow in a hospital pharmacy.
- a further advantage of the device according to the invention and of the underlying method is that for the first time it is possible to adequately take into account the interactions occurring in the case of co-medication and to thereby enable a quantity and temporally optimized parallel administration of several medicaments adapted to the respective situation.
- Em essential aspect of the device according to the invention is the calculation of an optimal drug dosage taking into account individual factors and parameters of the patient to be treated.
- the following examples show how these factors and parameters affect pharmacokinetics and demonstrate the validity of the physiology-based pharmacokinetic simulation.
- the examples are based on simulations with the physiology-based pharmacokinetic model PK-Sim ® (Version 3.0) developed by Bayer Technology Services. Two of the examples relate to the substance ciprofloxacin, but this is not to be understood as a restriction to this substance or to substances of the same substance class.
- a combined method is used that scales age-dependent clearance based on the value of an adult to the prospective value in a child.
- This method uses two approaches known from the literature.
- One approach is the allometric scaling of clearance based on the child's body weight using an allometric equation [Anderson BJ, Meakin GH. scaling for size: some implications for paediat ⁇ c anesthesia dosmg. Paediatr Anesth 2002; 12 (3): 205-219, Holford NH. A size standard for pharmacokmetics. Clin Pharmacokinet 1996; 30 (5): 329-332]:
- CL ch , i d is the clearance of the area
- CL adu t is the clearance in the adult (both in non-normalized flow units such as ml / mm)
- BW chlld the body weight of the child concerned
- BW adu i t the body weight of the adult (which is usually set at 70 kg).
- This allometric approach requires in addition to the reference data of the adult as the only input the body weight of the child to be treated.
- the disadvantage of this allo- metric approach is that the same intrinsic activities of the excretory processes in adults and in the Kmd are assumed; the differences between child and adult are attributed solely to the size difference. In particular, in newborns and infants but z. B.
- serum albumin or ⁇ -glycoproteins are the age-related concentrations in the blood plasma known [Darrow DC, Cary MK. The serum albumin and globulm of newbom, premature and normal times infants. J Pediatr 1933; 3: 573-9., McNamara PJ, Alcorn J. Protein binding predictions in infants. AAPS PharmSci 2002; 4 (1): 1-8], so that differences in the free fraction can be calculated and taken into account. This mechanistic approach can be implemented in computer software.
- Figure 2 shows the output window with that from the mechanistic model [A. Edginton, W. Schmitt, B. Voith, S. Willmann: “A Mechanistic Approach to the Scaling of Clearance in Children," Clin. Pharmacokin. 2006; 45 (7) 683-704] resulting age-dependent clearance curve in the child.
- Input parameters are the adult reference levels for the unbound fraction in plasma (plasma fu), biliary (plasma CLbil), hepatic (CLhep) and renal clearance (CLren), the relative contributions of enzymatic processes to hepatic clearance and the age of the child ( Age) and the indication of the main binding protein in plasma (albumin or glycoprotein).
- Figures 3 through 6 compare predictions with these two approaches for these agents with experimentally measured clearance values in children.
- Figure 3 shows the ratio of predicted to experimentally measured clearance in children as a function of age Age using the example of substances that are mainly eliminated via a single pathway (gentamicin, isepamicin, alfentanil, midazolam, caffeine, ropivacaine, morphine and lorazepam). The prediction in this case is based on the allometric scaling.
- Figure 2 clearly shows that the allometric approach, up to an average age of about one year, leads to a drastic overestimation of clearance in the child due to the failure to consider liver and kidney maturation.
- Figures 5 and 6 the ratios of predicted and experimentally measured clearance values in children as a function of age are shown by way of example for substances which are eliminated via combinations of different degradation pathways (fentanyl, paracetamol, theophylline, ciprofloxacin, buprenorphine, lidocaine and levofloxacin).
- the prediction in Figure 5 is again based on the allometric approach
- Figure 6 shows the prediction based on the mechanistic model of Edginton et al. [A. Edginton, W. Schmitt, B. Voith, S. Willmann: "A Mechanistic Approach to the Scaling of Clearance in Children," Clin. Pharmacokin. (accepted for publication 2005)].
- the dispersion of the two models becomes comparable from an age of about one year; below one year, the clearance prediction on the basis of the mechanistic model is significantly better.
- a blood parameter is used as a measure of the degree of renal dysfunction , the so-called creatinine clearance (CL cr ), which is often normalized to the body surface, typically classified into four groups according to the severity of the renal dysfunction:
- PK-Sim ® For comparison with real patient data, PK-Sim ® was used to create a virtual population consisting of 500 individuals. In terms of age, gender, size and weight distribution, this virtual population corresponded to the real comparison population, which is summarized in Table 2: Table 2:
- Ciprofloxacin studies with patients with renal dysfunction Data is given as mean (S.D.) or range [minimum - maximum]. iv: intravenous administration; n.r .: not reported.
- K HSA herein represents the albumin / plasma partition coefficient.
- the free plasma fraction can be expressed as a function of creatimine clearance by a linear interpolation (see Figure 13b).
- the overweight patient population described herein weighed only 111 ⁇ 20 kg, that is, on average less than half of Caldwell and Nilsen's severely obese patients.
- the patient was given a single dose of 800 mg ciprofloxacin as an intravenous infusion administered over 60 minutes twice daily at 12-hour intervals for several days.
- a blood sample was taken from the patient on the fourth day of treatment about 20 minutes after the end of an infusion, and the plasma level of ciprofloxacin was determined experimentally.
- the measured value was 4.2 mg / L [Caldwell JB and Nielsen AK, Intravenous Ciprofloxacin dosing in a morbidly obese patient, Annais of Pharmacotherapy 28 (1994)]. This selective measurement was in the therapeutically effective range and below the plasma concentration of 10 mg / L, which is critically assessed as toxicologically critical.
- Example B To simulate ciprofloxacin administration in this severely overweight patient, the same physicochemical parameters of ciprofloxacin as in Example B were used again.
- the weight of the patient was set at 226 kg, the height (due to missing information from the publication) as normal, d. H. 176 cm, assumed.
- the mean plasma clearance of ciprofloxacin in adults was 7.6 ml / min / kg.
- the simulation of the described dosing regimen (see Figure 10) in the severely overweight patient resulted in a plasma concentration of 4.1 mg / L for the sampling time, which is almost exactly the same as the experimentally determined value (4.2 mg / L) , This match is further evidence of the validity of the simulation model.
- the simulation shows that the timing of sampling (20 minutes after stopping an infusion) is not (as intended) the maximum ciprofloxacin concentration during therapy, due to the rapid distribution kinetics of ciprofloxacin.
- Pgp p-glycoprotein transporter system
- z. B. occurs in the intestine and there may have an influence on the intake of orally administered drugs, or in the liver an influence on the excretion.
- Important known Pgp inhibitors are ketoconazole, verapamil or cyclosporin.
- the interaction of paclitaxel with cyclosporin is shown as an example that the pharmacokinetic effect can be described quantitatively with high accuracy by means of the physiology-based simulation.
- Paclitaxel is a cancer drug that is a substrate for Pgp.
- Pgp-mediated active efflux results in a relatively low bioavailability of about 3%.
- Prompt administration of the Pgp inhibitor such as cyclosporin, inhibits active efflux and results in an approximately 7-fold increase in systemic exposure of paclitaxel (bioavailability approximately 22%). This clinical finding is quantitatively comprehensible with the physiology-based pharmacokinetic simulation model PK-Sim ® .
- Table 3 shows pharmacokinetic parameters such as systemic exposure (expressed as area under the plasma concentration-time curve, AUC), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), as well as the times from which the plasma concentration is above 0.1 ⁇ M or 0.5 ⁇ M. The calculated values agree very well with the experimentally measured values.
- the simulation recommendation would be to reduce the paclitaxel dose by 90% when coadministered with cyclosporin.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102006028232A DE102006028232A1 (de) | 2006-06-20 | 2006-06-20 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Berechnung und Bereitstellung einer Medikamentendosis |
PCT/EP2007/005327 WO2007147539A1 (de) | 2006-06-20 | 2007-06-16 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur berechnung und bereitstellung einer medikamentendosis |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2035985A1 true EP2035985A1 (de) | 2009-03-18 |
Family
ID=38461703
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP07764693A Withdrawn EP2035985A1 (de) | 2006-06-20 | 2007-06-16 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur berechnung und bereitstellung einer medikamentendosis |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20090306944A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2035985A1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2660618A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102006028232A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2007147539A1 (de) |
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EP1316048A2 (de) | 2000-05-18 | 2003-06-04 | ALARIS Medical Systems, Inc. | Entfernter abgabegegenstand und arzneimittelabgabeverwaltungssystem |
US7860583B2 (en) | 2004-08-25 | 2010-12-28 | Carefusion 303, Inc. | System and method for dynamically adjusting patient therapy |
US11087873B2 (en) | 2000-05-18 | 2021-08-10 | Carefusion 303, Inc. | Context-aware healthcare notification system |
US9741001B2 (en) | 2000-05-18 | 2017-08-22 | Carefusion 303, Inc. | Predictive medication safety |
US10353856B2 (en) | 2011-03-17 | 2019-07-16 | Carefusion 303, Inc. | Scalable communication system |
US9427520B2 (en) | 2005-02-11 | 2016-08-30 | Carefusion 303, Inc. | Management of pending medication orders |
US10062457B2 (en) | 2012-07-26 | 2018-08-28 | Carefusion 303, Inc. | Predictive notifications for adverse patient events |
DE102005028080A1 (de) * | 2005-06-17 | 2006-12-21 | Bayer Technology Services Gmbh | Verfahren zur zeitlich gesteuerten intravenösen Verabreichung des Narkosemittels Propofol |
US20090210209A1 (en) * | 2008-02-20 | 2009-08-20 | Irody Inc | Apparatus and method for simulating effects of substances |
EP2668945A1 (de) | 2012-06-01 | 2013-12-04 | Bayer Technology Services GmbH | Genotyp- bzw. Phänotyp-basierte Arzeimittelformulierungen |
US20160335412A1 (en) * | 2013-01-30 | 2016-11-17 | Geoffrey Tucker | Systems and methods for predicting and adjusting the dosage of medicines in individual patients |
US11182728B2 (en) | 2013-01-30 | 2021-11-23 | Carefusion 303, Inc. | Medication workflow management |
US10430554B2 (en) | 2013-05-23 | 2019-10-01 | Carefusion 303, Inc. | Medication preparation queue |
WO2014190200A1 (en) | 2013-05-22 | 2014-11-27 | Carefusion 303, Inc. | Medication workflow management |
BR112015019758B1 (pt) | 2013-03-13 | 2022-07-05 | Carefusion 303, Inc | Sistema e método para uso com dispositivo médico para reduzir erros de medicação e meio de armazenamento legível à maquina |
CN114267429A (zh) | 2013-03-13 | 2022-04-01 | 康尔福盛303公司 | 预测性用药安全 |
US9849241B2 (en) | 2013-04-24 | 2017-12-26 | Fresenius Kabi Deutschland Gmbh | Method of operating a control device for controlling an infusion device |
CA2914534C (en) | 2013-06-06 | 2023-07-18 | Timeless Veterinary Systems Inc. | Method and system for providing a treatment protocol |
EP2924600A1 (de) * | 2014-03-26 | 2015-09-30 | Hamid Reza Noori | Verfahren zur Bestimmung von neuronalen Vernetzungen und neuroaktiven Verbindungen |
DE102014105058A1 (de) * | 2014-04-09 | 2015-10-15 | Stephanie Ittstein | Vorrichtung zu einer Herstellung und/oder zu einer Verabreichung |
JP6942721B2 (ja) | 2016-04-15 | 2021-09-29 | バクスアルタ インコーポレイティッド | 薬物動態学的薬物投与計画を提供する方法及び装置 |
BR112018074152A8 (pt) * | 2016-05-25 | 2023-01-31 | Hoffmann La Roche | Métodos para determinar um regime de dosagem, métodos para tratar um indivíduo, método para otimizar o tratamento terapeuticamente, agente terapêutico e sistema de rede para determinar uma dose eficaz ou um regime de dosagem para um indivíduo sendo tratado com um agente terapêutico |
US10896749B2 (en) | 2017-01-27 | 2021-01-19 | Shire Human Genetic Therapies, Inc. | Drug monitoring tool |
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WO1999044167A1 (en) * | 1998-02-27 | 1999-09-02 | Rx Communications, Inc. | Pharmacy drug management system providing patient specific drug dosing, drug interaction analysis, order generation, and patient data matching |
US20050026117A1 (en) * | 2000-12-04 | 2005-02-03 | Judson Richard S | System and method for the management of genomic data |
US20020091546A1 (en) * | 2001-01-11 | 2002-07-11 | University Of Washington | Point of care |
DE10115740A1 (de) * | 2001-03-26 | 2002-10-02 | Ulrich Speck | Zubereitung für die Restenoseprophylaxe |
DE10309473A1 (de) * | 2003-03-05 | 2004-09-23 | Nordmark Arzneimittel Gmbh & Co. Kg | Feste, exakt dosierbare pharmazeutische Darreichungsformen zur Einzelausgabe aus Dosiervorrichtungen |
US7585680B2 (en) * | 2003-08-28 | 2009-09-08 | Marshfield Medical Research And Education Foundation | Method and device for monitoring medication usage |
DE10345836A1 (de) * | 2003-10-02 | 2005-04-21 | Bayer Technology Services Gmbh | Verfahren zur Simulation der Wechselwirkung von chemischen Substanzen mit lebenden Organismen |
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DE102004025534A1 (de) * | 2004-05-25 | 2005-12-15 | Bayer Technology Services Gmbh | Verfahren zur (zweistufigen) Dosis- und Dosierungsfindung |
US7558622B2 (en) * | 2006-05-24 | 2009-07-07 | Bao Tran | Mesh network stroke monitoring appliance |
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2006
- 2006-06-20 DE DE102006028232A patent/DE102006028232A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2007
- 2007-06-16 EP EP07764693A patent/EP2035985A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-06-16 WO PCT/EP2007/005327 patent/WO2007147539A1/de active Application Filing
- 2007-06-16 US US12/306,105 patent/US20090306944A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-06-16 CA CA002660618A patent/CA2660618A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO2007147539A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102006028232A1 (de) | 2007-12-27 |
CA2660618A1 (en) | 2007-12-27 |
US20090306944A1 (en) | 2009-12-10 |
WO2007147539A1 (de) | 2007-12-27 |
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