EP2031580A1 - Ultrasound sensor with a holding element and a membrane, wherein the membrane is embedded into the holding element - Google Patents

Ultrasound sensor with a holding element and a membrane, wherein the membrane is embedded into the holding element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2031580A1
EP2031580A1 EP08104810A EP08104810A EP2031580A1 EP 2031580 A1 EP2031580 A1 EP 2031580A1 EP 08104810 A EP08104810 A EP 08104810A EP 08104810 A EP08104810 A EP 08104810A EP 2031580 A1 EP2031580 A1 EP 2031580A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
membrane
ultrasonic sensor
carrier element
core
actuator
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EP08104810A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2031580B1 (en
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Peter Knoll
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K9/00—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers
    • G10K9/18—Details, e.g. bulbs, pumps, pistons, switches or casings
    • G10K9/20—Sounding members

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an ultrasonic sensor having a carrier element, with a membrane and with an actuator which is connected to the membrane, wherein in the carrier element and the membrane, a dilution region for enabling the vibration of the membrane is present.
  • Ultrasonic sensors are known from the prior art. Ultrasonic sensors are used in vehicles to detect the distance to objects.
  • An ultrasonic sensor is about from the US 6 639 339 B1 known.
  • a membrane is mounted on a porous layer structure and occupied by metallic electrodes. There is a gap between the membrane and the porous layer structure.
  • the membrane rests on the porous layer structure and is connected to it in a conventional manner.
  • the porous layer structure is in turn connected to a carrier structure.
  • a spacing element is present between the membrane and the porous layer structure.
  • Ultrasonic sensors known from the prior art which are also referred to as ultrasonic oscillators, have the disadvantage that they only work in narrowband mode, ie they emit light only in a specific, narrow frequency range. Although it is possible to use integer multiples of the natural frequency when using piezo-ultrasonic sensors due to appropriate excitation, it is not possible to use a wide Frequency range to use.
  • Piezo-ultrasonic sensors have a membrane, to which a piezoelectric element is applied. The piezo elements are usually glued on. Although a piezoelectric element has the advantage that it can very quickly result in movement due to electrical stimulation, however, such a piezoelectric element is very brittle. At high pressure, especially at high sudden pressure, such as a shock, these brittle piezo elements often break, resulting in a total failure of such an ultrasonic sensor.
  • An inventive ultrasonic sensor can enable the detection of objects in terms of shape and texture, so that in parking systems a more complex environment can be modeled. As a result, entry and Ausparkvortician for motor vehicles can be controlled much better.
  • the actuator comprises a coil with ferromagnetic core, wherein the core is so in connection with the membrane that movement of the core causes movement of the membrane.
  • An embodiment of the actuator as Coil with ferromagnetic core requires more space than a piezo element, but is much more robust.
  • different frequencies of the ultrasonic sensor can be emitted independently of the natural frequency of the actuator.
  • the core is connected to the membrane, preferably via a metal plate.
  • a metal plate allows the use of low-cost construction materials, which are particularly durable.
  • the dilution range is caused by grooves introduced into the carrier element, it is possible to set the diaphragm to vibrate according to the desired degree.
  • the preparation of the dilution region can not only be particularly cost-effective, but also with the aid of known and numerous existing tools.
  • the thickness of the dilution zone can be adjusted to a predetermined value in a symmetrical manner.
  • a further advantageous embodiment is achieved when the grooves are made on the top and bottom of the support element, preferably circular for the realization of a circularly symmetrical emission characteristic.
  • the production times can be significantly reduced if the membrane and the carrier element consist of an integral component.
  • the decoupling elements can then be produced particularly inexpensively if they are made of rubber and are preferably rubber buffers.
  • the support member is a preferably molded plastic bumper of a motor vehicle, so can dispense with additional elements, which reduces the production times and increases the ease of maintenance.
  • FIG. 1 shows an ultrasonic sensor 1 with a support member 2 and a membrane 3.
  • the support member 2 is formed as a bumper of a motor vehicle.
  • the membrane 3 is surrounded on all sides by a dilution area 4.
  • the dilution region 4 has semi-circular or circular recesses 5, which are also referred to as grooves.
  • the recesses 5 are placed on the top and bottom or only on one of the two sides of the carrier element 2 in this. Between the recesses 5 webs 6 are present.
  • a damping element is present in the carrier element 2.
  • the damping element is listed as Entkoppelungselement 7.
  • the decoupling element 7 is in this case, for example, in the form of a hollow cylinder such that the dilution region 4 and the membrane 3 are located in the interior of the hollow cylinder.
  • two decoupling elements 7 completely separate a region of the carrier element 2 from the remaining carrier element 2, that the two dilution regions 4 and the membrane 3 are located within these decoupling elements 7.
  • the dilution regions 4 are formed separately from each other, so that the membrane 3 extends from one end of the support element 2 to the other, i. in the cutting plane from the front or back.
  • the actuator 8 comprises a coil 9 and a ferromagnetic core 10.
  • the ferromagnetic core 10 is movable relative to the coil 9. In the illustrated embodiment, the core 10 is movable along the arrow A, such that the core 10 penetrates into the coil 9, and also out of it is designed to be moved out, depending on the application of electrical energy.
  • the ferromagnetic core 10 is connected to a metal plate 11. Also plates of other material, such as rigid plastic, are usable. The kinetic energy is transmitted to the membrane 3 via the metal plate 11.
  • a plastic part is inserted into the outer skin of a bumper.
  • the plastic part is formed in the present case as a carrier element 2.
  • a dilution region 4 is formed, it is also possible, this dilution region 4 only on one side of the support element, ie left and right of the membrane on the underside of the support element or on the top of the To attach carrier element. This makes it possible that the structure of the dilution region 4 is not visible to an observer looking from the outside onto the bumper.
  • the membrane 3 in FIG. 1 is movable in the direction of arrow A up and down. This makes it possible to send several tones simultaneously with this structure and also to modulate them in their frequency. It is thus created an ultrasonic sensor, with which the sound emission of a bat can be partially reproduced. In addition, this ultrasonic sensor has some robust mechanical properties and is much better protected against the risk of damage by stone impact than is the case with conventional ultrasonic sensors with a membrane and glued piezo element. It is possible to use a high sound pressure of about 120 dB and at the same time send out three harmonics. Ie signals over three octaves, for example.
  • CF-FM signal is understood as meaning constant frequency-frequency modulated signals.
  • About the frequency deviation can also be close to the shape of the object to be detected, which can be found on the different frequencies, the nature of the object in the way.
  • a movement of the membrane 3 can result, which leads to the emission of sound signals, in particular of ultrasonic signals.
  • Their echo can be collected via suitable sensors and determined by determining the duration of the distance to the object.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

The sensor (1) has a carrier element (2), a diaphragm (3) and an actuator (8) that is connected to the diaphragm. A thinner section (4) is provided between the carrier element and the diaphragm for vibrating the diaphragm. The diaphragm is embedded in the carrier element. The actuator has a coil (9) with a ferromagnetic core (10), which stays in effective connection with the diaphragm such that movement of the core causes the movement of the diaphragm. The core is connected to the diaphragm via a metal plate (11). An independent claim is also included for a method for measuring distance to objects.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Ultraschallsensor mit einem Trägerelement, mit einer Membran und mit einem Aktor, der mit der Membran verbunden ist, wobei in dem Trägerelement und der Membran ein Verdünnungsbereich zum Ermöglichen des Schwingens der Membran vorhanden ist.The invention relates to an ultrasonic sensor having a carrier element, with a membrane and with an actuator which is connected to the membrane, wherein in the carrier element and the membrane, a dilution region for enabling the vibration of the membrane is present.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Aus dem Stand der Technik sind Ultraschallsensoren bekannt. Ultraschallsensoren werden in Fahrzeugen verwendet, um den Abstand zu Objekten festzustellen.Ultrasonic sensors are known from the prior art. Ultrasonic sensors are used in vehicles to detect the distance to objects.

Ein Ultraschallsensor ist etwa aus der US 6 639 339 B1 bekannt. Dabei ist eine Membran auf einem porösen Schichtgebilde gelagert und mit metallischen Elektroden besetzt. Zwischen der Membran und der porösen Schichtstruktur ist ein Abstand vorhanden. Die Membran liegt dabei auf der porösen Schichtstruktur auf und ist auf herkömmliche Weise mit ihr verbunden. Die poröse Schichtstruktur ist ihrerseits mit einer Trägerstruktur verbunden. In einer speziellen Ausführungsform ist zwischen der Membran und der porösen Schichtstruktur ein Beabstandungselement vorhanden.An ultrasonic sensor is about from the US 6 639 339 B1 known. In this case, a membrane is mounted on a porous layer structure and occupied by metallic electrodes. There is a gap between the membrane and the porous layer structure. The membrane rests on the porous layer structure and is connected to it in a conventional manner. The porous layer structure is in turn connected to a carrier structure. In a specific embodiment, a spacing element is present between the membrane and the porous layer structure.

Aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Ultraschallsensoren, die auch als Ultraschallschwinger bezeichnet werden, haben den Nachteil, dass sie lediglich schmalbandig funktionieren, d.h. nur in einem bestimmten, schmalen Frequenzbereich emittierend wirken. Aufgrund entsprechender Anregung ist es zwar möglich, ganzzahlige Vielfache der Eigenfrequenz bei Verwendung von Piezo-Ultraschallsensoren zu verwenden, jedoch ist es nicht möglich, einen breiten Frequenzbereich zu bedienen. Piezo-Ultraschallsensoren weisen eine Membran auf, auf die ein Piezo-Element aufgebracht ist. Die Piezo-Elemente sind im Regelfall aufgeklebt. Ein Piezo-Element weist zwar den Vorteil auf, dass es sehr schnell aufgrund elektrischer Stimulierung eine Bewegung resultieren lässt, allerdings ist ein solches Piezo-Element sehr spröde. Bei starkem Druck, insbesondere bei starkem plötzlichem Druck, wie durch einen Stoß, zerbrechen diese spröden Piezo-Elemente häufig, was zu einem Totalausfall eines solchen Ultraschallsensors führt.Ultrasonic sensors known from the prior art, which are also referred to as ultrasonic oscillators, have the disadvantage that they only work in narrowband mode, ie they emit light only in a specific, narrow frequency range. Although it is possible to use integer multiples of the natural frequency when using piezo-ultrasonic sensors due to appropriate excitation, it is not possible to use a wide Frequency range to use. Piezo-ultrasonic sensors have a membrane, to which a piezoelectric element is applied. The piezo elements are usually glued on. Although a piezoelectric element has the advantage that it can very quickly result in movement due to electrical stimulation, however, such a piezoelectric element is very brittle. At high pressure, especially at high sudden pressure, such as a shock, these brittle piezo elements often break, resulting in a total failure of such an ultrasonic sensor.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Da bestehende Ultraschallsensoren im Regelfall in einem Stoßfänger eines Kraftfahrzeuges untergebracht sind, kann bei einem starken Stoß ein Piezo-Ultraschallsensor zerstört werden.Since existing ultrasonic sensors are usually housed in a bumper of a motor vehicle, a piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor can be destroyed in a strong shock.

Ein erfindungsgemäßer Ultraschallsensor kann das Erfassen von Objekten nach Form und Beschaffenheit ermöglichen, so dass in Einparksystemen eine komplexere Umgebung modelliert werden kann. Dadurch können Ein- und Ausparkvorgänge für Kraftfahrzeuge deutlich besser gesteuert werden.An inventive ultrasonic sensor can enable the detection of objects in terms of shape and texture, so that in parking systems a more complex environment can be modeled. As a result, entry and Ausparkvorgänge for motor vehicles can be controlled much better.

Dies wird gattungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass die Membran in das Trägerelement eingebettet ist. Dadurch, dass die Membran in das Trägeelement eingebettet ist, ergibt sich ein großer für den Aktor nutzbarer Bereich hinter dem Trägerelement. Bei Anbringung des Trägerelementes an einem Kraftfahrzeug, insbesondere bei Ausführung des Trägerelementes als Stoßfänger, lässt sich der Aktor auf der dem Kraftfahrzeug zugewandten Seite anbringen, so dass dieser vor Stößen geschützt ist.This is achieved in a generic way by embedding the membrane in the carrier element. The fact that the membrane is embedded in the supporting element, results in a large usable for the actuator area behind the support element. When attaching the carrier element to a motor vehicle, in particular when the carrier element as a bumper, the actuator can be mounted on the side facing the motor vehicle, so that it is protected from shocks.

Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen werden in den Unteransprüchen beansprucht und nachfolgend näher erläutert.Advantageous embodiments are claimed in the subclaims and explained in more detail below.

So ist es vorteilhaft, wenn der Aktor eine Spule mit ferromagnetischem Kern umfasst, wobei der Kern derart mit der Membran im Zusammenhang steht, dass eine Bewegung des Kerns eine Bewegung der Membran hervorruft. Eine Ausführung des Aktors als Spule mit ferromagnetischem Kern benötigt zwar mehr Bauraum als ein Piezo-Element, ist jedoch deutlich robuster. Ferner lassen sich unabhängig von der Eigenfrequenz des Aktors unterschiedliche Frequenzen des Ultraschallsensors emittieren. Durch eine entsprechende Ausgestaltung ist es nicht notwendig, auf einen Resonanzschwinger zurückzugreifen, der lediglich ganzzeilige Vielfache einer Eigenfrequenz beim Ultraschallsensor hervorrufen kann.Thus, it is advantageous if the actuator comprises a coil with ferromagnetic core, wherein the core is so in connection with the membrane that movement of the core causes movement of the membrane. An embodiment of the actuator as Coil with ferromagnetic core requires more space than a piezo element, but is much more robust. Furthermore, different frequencies of the ultrasonic sensor can be emitted independently of the natural frequency of the actuator. By an appropriate design, it is not necessary to resort to a resonant oscillator, which can only cause full-line multiples of a natural frequency in the ultrasonic sensor.

Um die Bewegung des Aktors verlustarm auf die Membran zu übertragen, ist es von Vorteil, wenn der Kern mit der Membran verbunden ist, vorzugsweise über eine Metallplatte. Die Verwendung einer Metallplatte ermöglicht den Rückgriff auf kostengünstige Baumaterialien, die dazu noch besonders langlebig sind.To transfer the movement of the actuator with little loss to the membrane, it is advantageous if the core is connected to the membrane, preferably via a metal plate. The use of a metal plate allows the use of low-cost construction materials, which are particularly durable.

Wenn der Verdünnungsbereich durch in das Trägerelement eingebrachte Nuten hervorgerufen ist, so lässt sich ein Schwingen der Membran je nach dem gewünschten Grad einstellen. Das Herstellen des Verdünnungsbereiches kann dabei nicht nur besonders kostengünstig erfolgen, sondern auch unter Zuhilfenahme bekannter und zahlreich vorhandener Werkzeuge erfolgen.If the dilution range is caused by grooves introduced into the carrier element, it is possible to set the diaphragm to vibrate according to the desired degree. The preparation of the dilution region can not only be particularly cost-effective, but also with the aid of known and numerous existing tools.

Wenn die Nuten auf der Ober- und Unterseite des Trägerelementes ausgeführt sind, vorzugsweise halbkreisförmig oder kreisförmig zur Realisierung einer kreissymmetrischen Abstrahlcharakteristik, so lässt sich auf symmetrische Weise die Dicke des Verdünnungsbereiches auf einen vorbestimmten Wert einfach einstellen.If the grooves are made on the top and bottom of the support element, preferably semicircular or circular for realizing a circularly symmetrical radiation pattern, then the thickness of the dilution zone can be adjusted to a predetermined value in a symmetrical manner.

Ein weiteres vorteilhaftes Ausführungsbeispiel wird dann erreicht, wenn die Nuten auf der Ober- und Unterseite des Trägerelementes ausgeführt sind, vorzugsweise kreisförmig zur Realisierung einer kreissymmetrischen Abstrahlcharakteristik.A further advantageous embodiment is achieved when the grooves are made on the top and bottom of the support element, preferably circular for the realization of a circularly symmetrical emission characteristic.

Die Fertigungszeiten lassen sich deutlich reduzieren, wenn die Membran und das Trägerelement aus einem integralen Bauteil bestehen.The production times can be significantly reduced if the membrane and the carrier element consist of an integral component.

Es ist auch vorteilhaft, wenn zwischen der Membran und dem Trägerelement ringförmig um die Membran zumindest die Membran vom Trägerelement entkoppelnde Entkoppelungselemente vorhanden sind, die ein Übertragen von Körperschall von der Membran auf das Trägerelement und umgekehrt verhindern. Ein ungewolltes Vibrieren des Trägerelementes wird dabei unterbunden.It is also advantageous if between the membrane and the support member annularly around the membrane, at least the membrane decoupling from the support element decoupling elements are present, which is a transmission of structure-borne noise of the Prevent membrane on the support element and vice versa. An unwanted vibration of the support element is thereby prevented.

Die Entkoppelungselemente lassen sich dann besonders kostengünstig herstellen, wenn sie aus Gummi bestehen und vorzugsweise Gummipuffer sind.The decoupling elements can then be produced particularly inexpensively if they are made of rubber and are preferably rubber buffers.

Wenn das Trägerelement ein vorzugsweise aus Kunststoff geformter Stoßfänger eines Kraftfahrzeuges ist, so lässt sich auf zusätzliche Elemente verzichten, was die Fertigungszeiten verringert und die Wartungsfreundlichkeit erhöht.If the support member is a preferably molded plastic bumper of a motor vehicle, so can dispense with additional elements, which reduces the production times and increases the ease of maintenance.

Entsprechende Vorteile werden auch durch ein Verfahren zum Messen von Distanzen und/oder Bestimmung von Form und Beschaffenheit von zu einem Sensor beabstandeten Objekten mit einem Ultraschallsensor erreicht, der ein Trägerelement, eine Membran und einen Aktor aufweist, der mit der Membran verbunden ist, wobei zwischen Trägerelement und der Membran ein Verdünnungsbereich zum Ermöglichen des Schwingens der Membran vorhanden ist, wobei die Membran in das Trägerelement eingebettet ist. Dadurch lässt sich ein robusterer, langlebigerer Ultraschallsensor in einem Verfahren verwenden, das genauere Ergebnisse liefert.Corresponding advantages are also achieved by a method for measuring distances and / or determining the shape and nature of objects spaced from a sensor with an ultrasonic sensor having a carrier element, a membrane and an actuator connected to the membrane, wherein between Support member and the membrane is a dilution region for allowing the vibration of the membrane is present, wherein the membrane is embedded in the support member. This allows a more robust, longer-lived ultrasonic sensor to be used in a process that provides more accurate results.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungShort description of the drawing

Die Erfindung wird auch mit Hilfe einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt:

  • Figur 1 eine schematische Ansicht eines Ultraschallsensors der Teil eines Stoßfängers für ein Kraftfahrzeug ist.
The invention will be explained in more detail with the aid of a drawing. Showing:
  • FIG. 1 a schematic view of an ultrasonic sensor is the part of a bumper for a motor vehicle.

Ausführungsformen der ErfindungEmbodiments of the invention

Figur 1 zeigt einen Ultraschallsensor 1 mit einem Trägerelement 2 und einer Membran 3. Das Trägerelement 2 ist dabei als Stoßfänger eines Kraftfahrzeuges ausgebildet. Die Membran 3 ist auf allen Seiten von einem Verdünnungsbereich 4 umgeben. Der Verdünnungsbereich 4 weist halbreisförmige oder kreisförmige Vertiefungen 5 auf, die auch als Nuten bezeichnet werden. FIG. 1 shows an ultrasonic sensor 1 with a support member 2 and a membrane 3. The support member 2 is formed as a bumper of a motor vehicle. The membrane 3 is surrounded on all sides by a dilution area 4. The dilution region 4 has semi-circular or circular recesses 5, which are also referred to as grooves.

Die Vertiefungen 5 sind auf der Ober- und Unterseite oder nur auf einer der beiden Seiten des Trägerelementes 2 in dieses eingebracht. Zwischen den Vertiefungen 5 sind Stege 6 vorhanden. Auf der membranfernen Seite des Verdünnungsbereiches 4 ist im Trägerelement 2 ein Dämpfungselement vorhanden. Das Dämpfungselement ist als Entkoppelungselement 7 aufgeführt. Das Entkoppelungselement 7 ist dabei beispielsweise hohlzylinderförmig derart ausgebildet, dass im Inneren des Hohlzylinders der Verdünnungsbereich 4 und die Membran 3 befindlich ist. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, dass zwei Entkopplungselemente 7 einen Bereich des Trägerelementes 2 derart komplett vom restlichen Trägerelement 2 abtrennen, dass innerhalb dieser Entkoppelungselemente 7 die zwei Verdünnungsbereiche 4 und die Membran 3 befindlich sind. Dabei ist es auch möglich, dass die Verdünnungsbereiche 4 voneinander getrennt ausgeformt sind, so dass sich die Membran 3 von einem Ende des Trägerelementes 2 bis zum anderen erstreckt, d.h. in der Schnittebene von vorne bzw. hinten.The recesses 5 are placed on the top and bottom or only on one of the two sides of the carrier element 2 in this. Between the recesses 5 webs 6 are present. On the side of the dilution region 4 remote from the membrane, a damping element is present in the carrier element 2. The damping element is listed as Entkoppelungselement 7. The decoupling element 7 is in this case, for example, in the form of a hollow cylinder such that the dilution region 4 and the membrane 3 are located in the interior of the hollow cylinder. However, it is also possible that two decoupling elements 7 completely separate a region of the carrier element 2 from the remaining carrier element 2, that the two dilution regions 4 and the membrane 3 are located within these decoupling elements 7. It is also possible that the dilution regions 4 are formed separately from each other, so that the membrane 3 extends from one end of the support element 2 to the other, i. in the cutting plane from the front or back.

Bei Montage des Trägerelementes 2 an einem Kraftfahrzeug ist es wünschenswert, dass die Membran 3 nach außen zeigt und ein Aktor 8 zwischen dem Trägerelement 2 und dem Chassis des Kraftfahrzeuges angebracht wird. Der Aktor 8 umfasst eine Spule 9 und einen ferromagnetischen Kern 10. Der ferromagnetische Kern 10 ist relativ zur Spule 9 beweglich. Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Kern 10 entlang des Pfeiles A beweglich, derart, dass der Kern 10 in die Spule 9 eindringt, und auch wieder aus ihr herausfahrbar ausgestaltet ist, je nach Beaufschlagung mit elektrischer Energie. Der ferromagnetische Kern 10 ist mit einer Metallplatte 11 verbunden. Auch Platten aus anderem Material, wie etwa steifem Kunststoff, sind verwendbar. Über die Metallplatte 11 wird die Bewegungsenergie an die Membran 3 weitergegeben.When mounting the carrier element 2 on a motor vehicle, it is desirable that the membrane 3 faces outward and an actuator 8 is mounted between the carrier element 2 and the chassis of the motor vehicle. The actuator 8 comprises a coil 9 and a ferromagnetic core 10. The ferromagnetic core 10 is movable relative to the coil 9. In the illustrated embodiment, the core 10 is movable along the arrow A, such that the core 10 penetrates into the coil 9, and also out of it is designed to be moved out, depending on the application of electrical energy. The ferromagnetic core 10 is connected to a metal plate 11. Also plates of other material, such as rigid plastic, are usable. The kinetic energy is transmitted to the membrane 3 via the metal plate 11.

Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel ist in die Außenhaut eines Stoßfängers ein Kunststoffteil eingesetzt. Das Kunststoffteil ist im vorliegenden Fall als Trägerelement 2 ausgeformt.In the present embodiment, a plastic part is inserted into the outer skin of a bumper. The plastic part is formed in the present case as a carrier element 2.

Während im Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 1 beiderseits des Trägerelementes 2 ein Verdünnungsbereich 4 ausgebildet ist, so ist es auch möglich, diesen Verdünnungsbereich 4 nur auf einer Seite des Trägerelementes, d.h. links und rechts der Membran auf der Unterseite des Trägerelementes oder auf der Oberseite des Trägerelementes anzubringen. Dadurch ist es möglich, dass die Struktur des Verdünnungsbereiches 4 für einen von außen auf den Stoßfänger schauenden Betrachter nicht sichtbar ist.While in the embodiment according to FIG. 1 On both sides of the support element 2, a dilution region 4 is formed, it is also possible, this dilution region 4 only on one side of the support element, ie left and right of the membrane on the underside of the support element or on the top of the To attach carrier element. This makes it possible that the structure of the dilution region 4 is not visible to an observer looking from the outside onto the bumper.

Die Membran 3 in Figur 1 ist in Pfeilrichtung A nach oben und unten bewegbar. Dadurch ist es möglich mit diesem Aufbau mehrere Töne gleichzeitig auszusenden und diese zudem noch in ihrer Frequenz zu modulieren. Es ist dadurch ein Ultraschallsensor geschaffen, mit dem die Schallemission einer Fledermaus zum Teil nachgebildet werden kann. Zudem besitzt dieser Ultraschallsensor einige robuste mechanische Eigenschaften und ist gegen die Gefahr von Beschädigungen durch Steinschlag deutlich besser geschützt als dies bei herkömmlichen Ultraschallsensoren mit einer Membran und aufgeklebtem Piezo-Element der Fall ist. Es ist möglich, einen hohen Schalldruck von ca. 120 dB zu nutzen und gleichzeitig drei Harmonische auszusenden. D.h. also Signale über z.B. drei Oktaven.The membrane 3 in FIG. 1 is movable in the direction of arrow A up and down. This makes it possible to send several tones simultaneously with this structure and also to modulate them in their frequency. It is thus created an ultrasonic sensor, with which the sound emission of a bat can be partially reproduced. In addition, this ultrasonic sensor has some robust mechanical properties and is much better protected against the risk of damage by stone impact than is the case with conventional ultrasonic sensors with a membrane and glued piezo element. It is possible to use a high sound pressure of about 120 dB and at the same time send out three harmonics. Ie signals over three octaves, for example.

Ferner ist es möglich, die ausgesendeten Signale im Sinne von Chirp-Signalen zu modullieren, indem zunächst ein CF-FM-Signal ausgestoßen wird, das danach in seiner Frequenz moduliert wird. Unter CF-FM-Signal werden sog. constant frequency - frequency modulated Signale verstanden. Durch einen derartigen Ultraschallwandler ist eine breitbandige Anregung möglich, die es möglich macht, komplexe Systeme nach Form und Beschaffenheit, insbesondere auch nach Dichte, zu klassifizieren. Als Hintergrund zu Chirp-Signalen ist auf die Druckschrift DE 4 232 254 A1 verwiesen.Furthermore, it is possible to modulate the emitted signals in the sense of chirp signals by first ejecting a CF-FM signal which is subsequently modulated in its frequency. CF-FM signal is understood as meaning constant frequency-frequency modulated signals. By such an ultrasonic transducer, a broadband excitation is possible, which makes it possible to classify complex systems in terms of shape and texture, in particular by density. As background to chirp signals is on the pamphlet DE 4 232 254 A1 directed.

Über den Frequenzhub lässt sich ferner auf die Form des zu erfassenden Objektes schließen, wobei sich über die unterschiedlichen Frequenzen die Beschaffenheit des im Weg befindlichen Objektes herausfinden lässt.About the frequency deviation can also be close to the shape of the object to be detected, which can be found on the different frequencies, the nature of the object in the way.

Über elektrische Anregungen des Aktors 8, insbesondere durch die Bewegung des Kerns 10 in der Spule 9, lässt sich eine Bewegung der Membran 3 resultieren was zum Aussenden von Schallsignalen, insbesondere von Ultraschallsignalen führt. Deren Echo lässt sich über geeignete Sensoren auffangen und mittels Bestimmung der Laufzeit der Abstand zum Objekt bestimmen.Via electrical excitations of the actuator 8, in particular by the movement of the core 10 in the coil 9, a movement of the membrane 3 can result, which leads to the emission of sound signals, in particular of ultrasonic signals. Their echo can be collected via suitable sensors and determined by determining the duration of the distance to the object.

Claims (11)

Ultraschallsensor (1) mit einem Trägerelement (2), mit einer Membran (3) und mit einem Aktor (8), der mit der Membran (3) verbunden ist, wobei zwischen dem Trägerelement (2) und der Membran (3) ein Verdünnungsbereich (4) zum Ermöglichen des Schwingens der Membran (3) vorhanden ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Membran (3) in das Trägerelement (2) eingebettet ist.Ultrasonic sensor (1) with a carrier element (2), with a membrane (3) and with an actuator (8) which is connected to the membrane (3), wherein between the carrier element (2) and the membrane (3) has a dilution region (4) for permitting the swinging of the membrane (3), characterized in that the membrane (3) is embedded in the support element (2). Ultraschallsensor (1) nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Aktor (8) eine Spule (9) mit ferromagnetischem Kern (10) umfasst, wobei der Kern (10) derart mit der Membran (3) in Wirkzusammenhang steht, dass eine Bewegung des Kerns (10) eine Bewegung der Membran (3) hervorruft.An ultrasonic sensor (1) according to claim 1, wherein the actuator (8) comprises a coil (9) with ferromagnetic core (10), wherein the core (10) is operatively connected to the membrane (3) such that movement of the core (10) 10) causes a movement of the membrane (3). Ultraschallsensor (1) nach Anspruch 2, wobei der Kern (10) mit der Membran (3) verbunden ist, vorzugsweise über eine Metallplatte (11).Ultrasonic sensor (1) according to claim 2, wherein the core (10) is connected to the membrane (3), preferably via a metal plate (11). Ultraschallsensor (1) nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, wobei der Verdünnungsbereich (4) durch in das Trägerelement (2) eingebrachte Nuten hervorgerufen ist.An ultrasonic sensor (1) according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the dilution region (4) is caused by grooves formed in the support member (2). Ultraschallsensor (1) nach Anspruch 4, wobei die Nuten auf der Ober- und Unterseite des Trägerelementes (2) ausgeführt sind, vorzugsweise halbkreisförmig zur Realisierung einer selektiven Abstrahlcharakteristik mit einem in der vertikalen eingeengten Emissionsbereich zur Vermeidung von Bodenechos.Ultrasonic sensor (1) according to claim 4, wherein the grooves on the top and bottom of the support element (2) are executed, preferably semicircular to realize a selective radiation characteristic with a narrowed in the vertical emission range to avoid ground echoes. Ultraschallsensor (1) nach Anspruch 4, wobei die Nuten auf der Ober- und Unterseite des Trägerelementes (2) ausgeführt sind, vorzugsweise kreisförmig zur Realisierung einer kreissymmetrischen Abstrahlcharakteristik.Ultrasonic sensor (1) according to claim 4, wherein the grooves on the top and bottom of the carrier element (2) are executed, preferably circular for the realization of a circularly symmetrical emission characteristic. Ultraschallsensor (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei die Membran (3) und das Trägerelement (2) aus einem integralen Bauteil bestehen.Ultrasonic sensor (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the membrane (3) and the carrier element (2) consist of an integral component. Ultraschalsensor (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei zwischen der Membran (3) und dem Trägerelement (2) beidseitig der Membran (3) die Membran (3) vom Trägerelement (2) entkoppelnde Entkopplungselemente (7) vorhanden sind, die ein Übertragen von Körperschall von der Membran (3) auf das Trägerelement (2) und umgekehrt verhindern.Ultrasonic sensor (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein between the membrane (3) and the carrier element (2) on both sides of the membrane (3) the membrane (3) decoupling from the carrier element (2) decoupling elements (7) are present prevent transmission of structure-borne noise from the membrane (3) to the carrier element (2) and vice versa. Ultraschallsensor (1) nach Anspruch 8, wobei die Entkopplungselemente (7) aus Gummi bestehen und vorzugsweise Gummipuffer sind.An ultrasonic sensor (1) according to claim 8, wherein the decoupling elements (7) are made of rubber and are preferably rubber bumpers. Ultraschallsensor (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, soweit das Trägerelement (2) ein vorzugsweise aus Kunststoff geformter Stoßfänger eines Kraftfahrzeuges ist.Ultrasonic sensor (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, as far as the carrier element (2) is a preferably made of plastic bumper of a motor vehicle. Verfahren zum Messen von Distanzen und/oder Bestimmen von Form und Beschaffenheit von zu einem Sensor beabstandeten Objekten mit einem Ultraschallsensor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10.Method for measuring distances and / or determining the shape and nature of objects spaced from a sensor with an ultrasonic sensor according to one of Claims 1 to 10.
EP20080104810 2007-09-03 2008-07-21 Ultrasound sensor with a holding element and a membrane, wherein the membrane is embedded into the holding element Expired - Fee Related EP2031580B1 (en)

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DE102007041850A1 (en) 2009-03-05
CN101384101A (en) 2009-03-11

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