EP2028297B1 - Method for opening and metering fibrous material - Google Patents

Method for opening and metering fibrous material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2028297B1
EP2028297B1 EP08161609A EP08161609A EP2028297B1 EP 2028297 B1 EP2028297 B1 EP 2028297B1 EP 08161609 A EP08161609 A EP 08161609A EP 08161609 A EP08161609 A EP 08161609A EP 2028297 B1 EP2028297 B1 EP 2028297B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
opening
fiber material
feeding shaft
opener
several
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EP08161609A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2028297A2 (en
EP2028297A3 (en
Inventor
Jörg Morgner
Michael Bruhn
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Temafa Maschinenfabrik GmbH
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Temafa Maschinenfabrik GmbH
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Priority to PL08161609T priority Critical patent/PL2028297T3/en
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Publication of EP2028297A3 publication Critical patent/EP2028297A3/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G23/00—Feeding fibres to machines; Conveying fibres between machines
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G21/00—Combinations of machines, apparatus, or processes, e.g. for continuous processing
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G23/00—Feeding fibres to machines; Conveying fibres between machines
    • D01G23/08—Air draught or like pneumatic arrangements
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G9/00—Opening or cleaning fibres, e.g. scutching cotton
    • D01G9/06—Opening or cleaning fibres, e.g. scutching cotton by means of toothed members
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G9/00—Opening or cleaning fibres, e.g. scutching cotton
    • D01G9/12—Combinations of opening or cleaning machines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for opening and dosing of fiber material, wherein the fiber material is fed via a feed slot of an opening device, and a device for carrying out the method.
  • the uniform supply of material is the prerequisite for high nonwoven uniformity.
  • flock feeders which usually work on the double-shaft principle ( DE 44 34 251 ).
  • a fan blows the processed fiber material from the mixer and ⁇ ffneranlagen to fiber flakes via a distribution line in the large-sized upper shaft, the so-called material reserve shaft of Flockenspeisers at the lower end of the fiber material is detected by a feed roller and fed to a ⁇ ffnerwalze.
  • the fiber material is clamped by resilient individual segments of a collection tray against the feed roller, the individual segments automatically adapt to the respective fiber mass.
  • the fiber mass thus presented to the opening roll is opened by the opening roll and transported into the lower shaft, the actual feed shaft for the carding. This is usually supported by an airflow.
  • a feed roller is arranged, which cooperates with spring-loaded, sectioned depressions, so that the material thickness can be scanned by these depressions and regulated accordingly. Since the mass flow rate of the fiber material is dependent on the density of the material, the filling level in the feed chute is kept as equal as possible and brought about as uniform as possible compression by means of an air flow.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method and a device in order to enable a uniform nonwoven production, in particular for large material throughputs even with variations in material preparation.
  • the invention is based on the finding that a uniform web production is primarily due to the continuous supply of fiber material of the same density. For this, the finest possible resolution is required, because finely divided fiber material can be distributed more uniformly and is also more uniform in density due to the fine resolution. On the other hand, the density is adversely affected by stronger Grenchnschwankept that are not sufficiently compensated by the complicated compression air flow guide. Due to the features of claims 1 and 4, the object of the invention is achieved.
  • the fiber material Due to the two-stage opening, the fiber material is dissolved very well, at the same time still a kind of distortion or dilution of the fiber material occurs. This also makes the density of the fiber material uniform. Due to the large cross-sectional area of the first opener upstream feed chute large storage is possible at low level and large fluctuations in the filling level avoided. For the second ⁇ ffnercut is by avoiding pneumatic transport paths only a much smaller hopper required, which can be controlled very precisely according to the needs of the following work machine to be loaded. Delays, such as those caused by the interposition of pneumatic transport, are avoided. As a result, the filling height can be kept very exactly constant in the subsequent second feed chute. Due to the constant low filling level in the second feed chute and the compression of the fiber material is kept largely low and constant. Complex compressed air flows to compensate for density fluctuations are thus easily avoided.
  • the device for carrying out the method has two opener stages, which are arranged one above the other. As a result, significant space savings are achieved despite large reserve amounts. Pneumatic transport facilities are unnecessary and their delays in transport are eliminated.
  • FIG. 1 a conventional plant for preparing the fiber material for nonwoven production is shown.
  • the presented as bales fiber material is opened on the opener and mixing plant I and dropped onto a conveyor belt and then fed to the mixing opener II, through which the fiber material undergoes a first dissolution and further mixing.
  • the fiber material passes into the fine opener III, in which it undergoes a fine dissolution.
  • the fiber material finally reaches Grescospeiser IV, from which the carding V is fed.
  • the machines II, III and IV each have a narrow and high hopper, which serve as a buffer to compensate for fluctuations in the supply by the opener and mixing machines I. They are interconnected by pneumatic transport devices.
  • FIG. 2 As can be seen, the machines II and III are combined in the metering opener D, which has a first opener stage 1 and a second opener stage 2, which are arranged one above the other.
  • the opener units 11, 12, 13 and 21, 22, 23 of these opener stages 1 and 2 are connected to each other directly via a hopper 20.
  • the opening stage 1 is equipped with a feed slot 10, which has a very large storage volume to compensate for material fluctuations can. According to the invention this has a large cross-sectional area, so that in the conventional height construction, for example, a 2 to 3 times larger volume of material can be stored. Even larger material fluctuations only affect minor differences in height, so that the compression changes only slightly due to a height-fluctuating column of material.
  • a ⁇ ffneraggregat is arranged consisting of two feed rollers 11 and 12, which are equipped with a Leistengarnitur.
  • the distance between the feed rollers 11 and 12 is variable, so that the meshing of the strip sets for the material supply is adjustable. The adjustment can also completely cancel a meshing if required by the material.
  • This opener roller 13 is studded with pins as commonly used for pre-opener rolls. Immediately adjoining this opener unit is followed by a second feed chute 20 into which the opener roller 13 throws off the pre-opened fiber material.
  • This second feed duct 20 is substantially smaller in cross-section than the feed chute 10 and also of low height.
  • the fiber material is thus hardly compacted in this second feed chute 20, neither by air nor by a greater filling level, so that it remains loose as delivered by the pre-opening.
  • the strips can also be milled directly into the feed roller.
  • a fine resolution of the fiber material is a fine resolution of the fiber material.
  • the feed rollers 21 and 22 are at a higher speed than the feed rollers 11 and 12, so that thinning the fiber material enters. It creates a kind of distortion, which allows a very fine resolution of the fiber material.
  • the finely opened in this way fiber material is pneumatically conveyed via a pipe 4 into the hopper IV for feeding the carding.
  • the feed chute 20 can be kept very small.
  • the low height is not only beneficial for maintaining the AufliereHers generated by the opening stage 1, but also allows an arrangement of the two opener stages one above the other, without on the usual beyond building heights are required.
  • a controller controls the output after the second opener stage of the dosing opener, depending on what demand the feed chute IV requests.
  • the delivery of the opener stage 1 in the opener stage 2 is controlled by this control device as a function of the level in the hopper 20. As soon as this height leaves the set value, the supply from the opener stage 1 is accelerated or reduced or completely turned off.
  • the elimination of pneumatic transport devices and the compact design of the opener stages 1 and 2 on top of each other, rapid reactions in the control of the material supply are achieved, so that the filling level in the feed chute 20 virtually does not fluctuate.
  • the feed duct 20 does not need to compensate for material fluctuations.
  • the feed chute 20 can thus be kept very small. For example, a height of 700 mm and a depth T2 of 300 mm is completely sufficient even for material throughputs of 1,000 - 2,000 kg / h.
  • the feed chute 10, designed for a sufficiently large material reserve for example, a depth T1 of 1,000 mm at a height of 2,500 mm.
  • an overfill protection is provided, which responds when the filling level exceeds a certain level, so that the feed chute 10 can no longer accommodate the amount of fiber supplied by the opener and mixing machines I.
  • the feed chute 10 For large throughputs of 1,000 kg and more per hour, it is necessary to have a correspondingly large reserve to compensate for downtime or failure in the supply of openers and mixing machines 1 can. This is ensured by the feed chute 10 according to the invention with relatively low Brownnschwankung. Pneumatic conveyors between two machines always require longer reaction times at standstill and startup or change in the amount of material delivered.
  • the direct coupling of the breaker 1 with the breaker stage 2 without pneumatic intermediate transport ensures short reaction times and thus a corresponding security and guarantee for a constant filling level in the feed chute 20. This can therefore be kept much smaller than the feed chute 10. All these measures contribute in each case contribute to an extremely uniform web formation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Öffnen und Dosieren von Fasermaterial, wobei das Fasermaterial über einen Speiseschacht einer Öffnereinrichtung zugeführt wird, sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for opening and dosing of fiber material, wherein the fiber material is fed via a feed slot of an opening device, and a device for carrying out the method.

Bei der Vliesherstellung ist die gleichmäßige Materialversorgung die Voraussetzung für eine hohe Vliesgleichmäßigkeit. Zur Beschickung der Krempel werden sogenannte Flockenspeiser verwendet, die üblicherweise nach dem Doppelschachtprinzip arbeiten ( DE 44 34 251 ). Ein Ventilator bläst das von den Mischer- und Öffneranlagen zu Faserflocken aufbereitete Fasermaterial über eine Verteilleitung in den großdimensionierten Oberschacht, den sogenannten Materialreserveschacht des Flockenspeisers, an dessen unteren Ende das Fasermaterial durch eine Zuführwalze erfasst und einer Öffnerwalze zugeführt wird. Zur sicheren Führung wird das Fasermaterial durch federnde Einzelsegmente einer Einzugsmulde gegen die Zuführwalze geklemmt, wobei die Einzelsegmente sich automatisch der jeweiligen Fasermasse anpassen. Die so der Öffnerwalze dargebotene Fasermasse wird von der Öffnerwalze geöffnet und in den Unterschacht, den eigentlichen Speiseschacht für die Krempel, transportiert. Dies wird üblicher Weise durch einen Luftstrom unterstützt. Am unteren Ende des Speiseschachtes ist eine Speisewalze angeordnet, die mit gefederten, sektionierten Mulden zusammenarbeitet, so dass die Materialstärke durch diese Mulden abgetastet und entsprechend reguliert werden kann. Da der Mengendurchsatz des Fasermaterials von der Dichte des Materials abhängig ist, wird die Füllhöhe im Speiseschacht möglichst gleich gehalten und mittels einer Luftströmung eine möglichst gleichmäßige Verdichtung herbeigeführt.In nonwoven production, the uniform supply of material is the prerequisite for high nonwoven uniformity. To feed the carding so-called flock feeders are used, which usually work on the double-shaft principle ( DE 44 34 251 ). A fan blows the processed fiber material from the mixer and Öffneranlagen to fiber flakes via a distribution line in the large-sized upper shaft, the so-called material reserve shaft of Flockenspeisers at the lower end of the fiber material is detected by a feed roller and fed to a Öffnerwalze. For safe guidance, the fiber material is clamped by resilient individual segments of a collection tray against the feed roller, the individual segments automatically adapt to the respective fiber mass. The fiber mass thus presented to the opening roll is opened by the opening roll and transported into the lower shaft, the actual feed shaft for the carding. This is usually supported by an airflow. At the lower end of the feed chute a feed roller is arranged, which cooperates with spring-loaded, sectioned depressions, so that the material thickness can be scanned by these depressions and regulated accordingly. Since the mass flow rate of the fiber material is dependent on the density of the material, the filling level in the feed chute is kept as equal as possible and brought about as uniform as possible compression by means of an air flow.

Für die Verbesserung des Verdichtungsluftstromes am Ausgang des Speiseschachtes sind verschiedene Vorrichtungen bekannt geworden, beispielsweise durch die EP 0 929 704 . Hierbei taucht das Problem auf, den Verdichtungsluftstrom aus dem Speiseschacht wieder abzuführen und vom Fasermaterial zu trennen und gleichzeitig dabei eine gleichmäßige Verdichtung über die gesamte Breite des Speiseschachtes zu erhalten. Besonders bei sehr großen Leistungen der Vliesmaschine, die beispielsweise eine Materialspeisung von über 1.000 kg/h erfordern, sind die bekannten Einrichtungen nicht in der Lage, entsprechende Schwankungen ohne starke Änderung der Füllhöhe sowohl im Reserveschacht als auch im Speiseschacht auszugleichen, was zu Ungleichmäßigkeiten in der Dichte des Fasermaterials führt und sich nachteilig auf die Gleichmäßigkeit des Vlieses auswirkt.For the improvement of the compressed air flow at the outlet of the feed chute Various devices have become known, for example by the EP 0 929 704 , In this case, the problem arises of removing the compressed air flow from the feed chute again and separating it from the fiber material while at the same time maintaining a uniform compression over the entire width of the feed chute. Especially with very high performance of the nonwoven machine, for example, require a material feed of more than 1,000 kg / h, the known devices are not able to compensate for fluctuations without significant change in the level both in the reserve shaft and in the feed shaft, resulting in irregularities in the Density of the fiber material leads and adversely affects the uniformity of the web.

Um einen kontinuierlichen Materialfluss für den aktuellen Bedarf der Vlieskrempel zu erreichen, ist auch bereits bekannt geworden, einen Dosieröffner dem Flockenspeiser vorzuschalten, um damit eine Entkoppelung des Flockenspeisers von den Mischer- und Öffneranlagen zu erreichen. Da diese erfahrungsgemäß von der Ballenbeschickung und Öffnung derselben abhängig sind, verbessert die Vorschaltung eines Dosieröffners vor den Flockenspeiser die Betriebssicherheit erheblich (Trützschler-Prospekt "Technologie Scanfeed TF Beschickung Dosieröffner FD - S"). Dieser Dosieröffner besteht aus einem großvolumigen Füllschacht, in welchen das Fasermaterial von den Mischer- und Öffneranlagen hineingeblasen wird. Lichtschranken kontrollieren die Füllhöhe und den jeweiligen Materialbedarf, um ihn von den Mischer-und Öffneranlagen anzufordern. Für große Durchsatzmengen von Fasermaterial ist dieser Dosieröffner jedoch nicht geeignet, da durch die zwar platzsparende, aber hohe Bauweise durch Materialschwankungen, die durch die vorgeschalteten Mischer- und Öffneranlagen bedingt sind, große Höhendifferenzen entstehen, die zu ungleichmäßiger Dichte des Fasermaterials führen. Der zum Ausgleich der Höhenschwankungen vorgesehene Verdichtungsluftstrom ist nicht in der Lage, die Höhen- und damit Dichteschwankungen befriedigend auszugleichen.In order to achieve a continuous flow of material for the current needs of fleece carding, it has also become known to connect a metering opener to the flock feeder in order to achieve a decoupling of the flock feeder from the mixer and opener systems. Since these are known to depend on the bale loading and opening the same, the upstream of a dosing opener before the flock feeder improves the reliability significantly (Trützschler brochure "Technology Scanfeed TF feed dosing FD - S"). This dosing opener consists of a large-volume hopper into which the fiber material is blown in by the mixer and openers. Photocells check the filling level and the respective material requirements in order to request it from the mixer and opener systems. For large throughputs of fiber material of this metering opener is not suitable because of the space-saving, but high construction due to material fluctuations caused by the upstream mixer and Öffneranlagen, large differences in height arise that lead to uneven density of the fiber material. The intended to compensate for height fluctuations compression air flow is not able to compensate for the height and thus density fluctuations satisfactorily.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zu schaffen, um insbesondere für große Materialdurchsätze auch bei Schwankungen in der Materialvorbereitung eine gleichmäßige Vliesherstellung zu ermöglichen.The object of the invention is to provide a method and a device in order to enable a uniform nonwoven production, in particular for large material throughputs even with variations in material preparation.

Die Erfindung beruht auf der Erkenntnis, dass eine gleichmäßige Vliesherstellung in erster Linie bedingt ist durch die kontinuierliche Zuführung von Fasermaterial gleicher Dichte. Hierfür ist einmal eine möglichst feine Auflösung erforderlich, denn fein aufgelöstes Fasermaterial lässt sich gleichmäßiger verteilen und ist auch in sich durch die feine Auflösung gleichmäßiger in der Dichte. Zum anderen wird die Dichte nachteilig durch stärkere Füllhöhenschwankungen beeinflusst, die durch die komplizierte Verdichtungsluftstromführung nicht ausreichend ausgleichbar sind. Durch die Merkmale der Ansprüche 1 und 4 wird die Aufgabe der Erfindung gelöst.The invention is based on the finding that a uniform web production is primarily due to the continuous supply of fiber material of the same density. For this, the finest possible resolution is required, because finely divided fiber material can be distributed more uniformly and is also more uniform in density due to the fine resolution. On the other hand, the density is adversely affected by stronger Füllhöhenschwankungen that are not sufficiently compensated by the complicated compression air flow guide. Due to the features of claims 1 and 4, the object of the invention is achieved.

Durch die zweistufige Öffnung wird das Fasermaterial sehr gut aufgelöst, wobei gleichzeitig noch eine Art Verzug bzw. Verdünnung des Fasermaterials eintritt. Auch dadurch wird die Dichte des Fasermaterials vergleichmäßigt. Durch die große Querschnittsfläche des der ersten Öffnerstufe vorgeschalteten Speiseschachtes wird bei geringer Füllhöhe eine große Bevorratung ermöglicht und große Schwankungen in der Füllhöhe vermieden. Für die zweite Öffnerstufe ist durch die Vermeidung pneumatischer Transportwege nur ein wesentlich kleinerer Füllschacht erforderlich, der nach dem Bedarf der zu beschickenden folgenden Arbeitsmaschine sehr exakt gesteuert werden kann. Verzögerungen, wie sie durch die Zwischenschaltung von pneumatischen Transportmitteln entstehen, werden vermieden. Dadurch kann im nachfolgenden zweiten Speiseschacht die Füllhöhe sehr exakt konstant gehalten werden. Durch die konstante niedrige Füllhöhe im zweiten Speiseschacht wird auch die Verdichtung des Fasermaterials weitgehend gering und konstant gehalten. Komplizierte Verdichtungsluftströme zum Ausgleich von Dichteschwankungen werden so auf einfache Weise vermieden.Due to the two-stage opening, the fiber material is dissolved very well, at the same time still a kind of distortion or dilution of the fiber material occurs. This also makes the density of the fiber material uniform. Due to the large cross-sectional area of the first opener upstream feed chute large storage is possible at low level and large fluctuations in the filling level avoided. For the second Öffnerstufe is by avoiding pneumatic transport paths only a much smaller hopper required, which can be controlled very precisely according to the needs of the following work machine to be loaded. Delays, such as those caused by the interposition of pneumatic transport, are avoided. As a result, the filling height can be kept very exactly constant in the subsequent second feed chute. Due to the constant low filling level in the second feed chute and the compression of the fiber material is kept largely low and constant. Complex compressed air flows to compensate for density fluctuations are thus easily avoided.

Die Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens weist zwei Öffnerstufen auf, die übereinander angeordnet sind. Dadurch werden erhebliche Platzeinsparungen trotz großer Reservemengen erreicht. Pneumatische Transporteinrichtungen erübrigen sich und die durch sie bedingten Verzögerungen im Transport werden eliminiert.The device for carrying out the method has two opener stages, which are arranged one above the other. As a result, significant space savings are achieved despite large reserve amounts. Pneumatic transport facilities are unnecessary and their delays in transport are eliminated.

Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden anhand der Zeichnungen beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine übliche Öffner- und Vorbereitungsanlage für die Herstellung von Vliesen;
Fig. 2
eine Anlage mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Dosieröffner;
Fig. 3
einen Querschnitt durch den erfindungsgemäßen Dosieröffner.
Further details of the invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
a typical opener and preparation plant for the production of nonwovens;
Fig. 2
a system with the metering opener according to the invention;
Fig. 3
a cross section through the metering opener according to the invention.

In Figur 1 ist eine übliche Anlage zur Vorbereitung des Fasermaterials für die Vliesherstellung gezeigt. Das als Ballen vorgelegte Fasermaterial wird über die Öffner- und Mischanlage I geöffnet und auf ein Transportband abgeworfen und sodann dem Mischöffner II zugeführt, durch den das Fasermaterial eine erste Auflösung und weitere Durchmischung erfährt. Vom Mischöffner II gelangt das Fasermaterial in den Feinöffner III, in welchem es eine Feinauflösung erfährt. Über Rohrleitungen 4 gelangt das Fasermaterial schließlich zum Füllschachtspeiser IV, von welchem die Krempel V gespeist wird. Die Maschinen II, III und IV weisen jeweils einen schmalen und hohen Füllschacht auf, die als Puffer dienen, um Schwankungen in der Zulieferung durch die Öffner- und Mischmaschinen I auszugleichen. Sie sind durch pneumatische Transporteinrichtungen miteinander verbunden. Die für ein genügend großes Reservevolumen notwendige große Bauhöhe der Füllschächte wirkt sich zwar platzsparend in der Grundfläche aus, nachteilig ist jedoch, dass sich durch die Materialsäule bei Schwankungen der Materialzufuhr große Dichteunterschiede in der Zuführung des Materials ergeben, insbesondere bei der Speisung der Krempel V durch den Füllschachtspeiser IV.In FIG. 1 a conventional plant for preparing the fiber material for nonwoven production is shown. The presented as bales fiber material is opened on the opener and mixing plant I and dropped onto a conveyor belt and then fed to the mixing opener II, through which the fiber material undergoes a first dissolution and further mixing. From the mixer opener II, the fiber material passes into the fine opener III, in which it undergoes a fine dissolution. Via pipes 4, the fiber material finally reaches Füllschachtspeiser IV, from which the carding V is fed. The machines II, III and IV each have a narrow and high hopper, which serve as a buffer to compensate for fluctuations in the supply by the opener and mixing machines I. They are interconnected by pneumatic transport devices. The necessary for a large enough reserve volume large height of Füllschächte affects while saving space in the base, but it is disadvantageous that result from the material column with fluctuations in the supply of material large differences in density in the supply of the material, in particular when feeding the carding machine V through the feeding chute IV.

Wie aus Figur 2 ersichtlich, werden die Maschinen II und III zusammengefasst in dem Dosieröffner D, der eine erste Öffnerstufe 1 und eine zweite Öffnerstufe 2 besitzt, die übereinander angeordnet sind. Die Öffneraggregate 11, 12, 13 und 21, 22, 23 dieser Öffnerstufen 1 und 2 sind unmittelbar über einen Füllschacht 20 miteinander verbunden. Die Öffnerstufe 1 ist mit einem Speiseschacht 10 ausgestattet, der ein sehr großes Speichervolumen besitzt, um Materialschwankungen ausgleichen zu können. Erfindungsgemäß besitzt dieser eine große Querschnittsfläche, so dass bei der üblichen Höhenbauweise ein beispielsweise 2- bis 3-fach größeres Materialvolumen gespeichert werden kann. Selbst größere Materialschwankungen wirken sich nur in geringen Höhenunterschieden aus, so dass sich die Verdichtung durch eine in der Höhe schwankende Materialsäule nur geringfügig ändert.How out FIG. 2 As can be seen, the machines II and III are combined in the metering opener D, which has a first opener stage 1 and a second opener stage 2, which are arranged one above the other. The opener units 11, 12, 13 and 21, 22, 23 of these opener stages 1 and 2 are connected to each other directly via a hopper 20. The opening stage 1 is equipped with a feed slot 10, which has a very large storage volume to compensate for material fluctuations can. According to the invention this has a large cross-sectional area, so that in the conventional height construction, for example, a 2 to 3 times larger volume of material can be stored. Even larger material fluctuations only affect minor differences in height, so that the compression changes only slightly due to a height-fluctuating column of material.

Am unteren Ende des Speiseschachtes 10 der ersten Öffnungsstufe 1 ist ein Öffneraggregat angeordnet bestehend aus zwei Einzugswalzen 11 und 12, die mit einer Leistengarnitur bestückt sind. Der Abstand der Einzugswalzen 11 und 12 ist veränderlich, so dass das Ineinandergreifen der Leistengarnituren für die Materialzuführung einstellbar ist. Durch die Einstellung kann ein Ineinandergreifen auch ganz aufgehoben werden, wenn es das Material erfordert. Das auf diese Weise geklemmte Fasermaterial wird über die Einzugswalzen 11 und 12 dosiert einer Öffnerwalze 13 zugeführt. Diese Öffnerwalze 13 ist mit Stiften besetzt, wie sie üblicherweise für Voröffnerwalzen verwendet werden. Unmittelbar an dieses Öffneraggregat schließt sich ein zweiter Speiseschacht 20 an, in den die Öffnerwalze 13 das vorgeöffnete Fasermaterial abwirft. Dieser zweite Speiseschacht 20 ist wesentlich kleiner im Querschnitt als der Speiseschacht 10 und auch von geringer Höhe. Das Fasermaterial wird in diesem zweiten Speiseschacht 20 somit kaum verdichtet, weder durch Luft noch durch eine größere Füllhöhe, so dass es locker bleibt wie durch die Voröffnung geliefert. In diesem Zustand wird das Fasermaterial am unteren Ende des Speiseschachtes 20 von Einzugswalzen 21 und 22 erfasst, die ebenfalls mit Leistengarnituren besetzt sind, und einer Feinöffnerwalze 23 zugeführt, die mit einer Nadel- oder Sägezahngarnitur besetzt ist. Die Leisten können auch direkt in die Einzugswalze eingefräst sein. Hier erfolgt eine Feinauflösung des Fasermaterials. Die durch die Einzugswalzen 21 und 22 zugeführte Fasermenge ist zwar die gleiche wie die, die in den Speiseschacht 20 von der Öffnerwalze 13 geliefert wird, jedoch laufen die Einzugswalzen 21 und 22 mit einer höheren Geschwindigkeit als die Einzugswalzen 11 und 12, so dass eine Verdünnung des Fasermaterials eintritt. Es entsteht quasi ein Verzug, der eine sehr feine Auflösung des Fasermaterials ermöglicht. Das auf diese Weise feingeöffnete Fasermaterial wird über eine Rohrleitung 4 pneumatisch in den Füllschacht IV zur Speisung der Krempel V gefördert.At the lower end of the feed chute 10 of the first opening stage 1, a Öffneraggregat is arranged consisting of two feed rollers 11 and 12, which are equipped with a Leistengarnitur. The distance between the feed rollers 11 and 12 is variable, so that the meshing of the strip sets for the material supply is adjustable. The adjustment can also completely cancel a meshing if required by the material. The clamped in this way fiber material is metered via the feed rollers 11 and 12 fed to a Öffnerwalze 13. This opener roller 13 is studded with pins as commonly used for pre-opener rolls. Immediately adjoining this opener unit is followed by a second feed chute 20 into which the opener roller 13 throws off the pre-opened fiber material. This second feed duct 20 is substantially smaller in cross-section than the feed chute 10 and also of low height. The fiber material is thus hardly compacted in this second feed chute 20, neither by air nor by a greater filling level, so that it remains loose as delivered by the pre-opening. In this state, the fiber material at the lower end of the feed chute 20 of feed rollers 21st and 22, which are also occupied by fillet sets, and fed to a fine opener roll 23 which is occupied by a needle or saw tooth set. The strips can also be milled directly into the feed roller. Here is a fine resolution of the fiber material. Although the amount of fiber supplied by the feed rollers 21 and 22 is the same as that supplied to the feed tray 20 from the opener roller 13, the feed rollers 21 and 22 are at a higher speed than the feed rollers 11 and 12, so that thinning the fiber material enters. It creates a kind of distortion, which allows a very fine resolution of the fiber material. The finely opened in this way fiber material is pneumatically conveyed via a pipe 4 into the hopper IV for feeding the carding.

Da das Fasermaterial von der Öffnerstufe 1 unmittelbar ohne Zwischenschaltung von pneumatischen Transportmitteln in den Speiseschacht 20 geliefert wird, kann der Speiseschacht 20 sehr klein gehalten werden. Die geringe Bauhöhe ist nicht nur günstig für die Beibehaltung des durch die Öffnerstufe 1 erzeugten Auflösezustands, sondern ermöglicht auch eine Anordnung der beiden Öffnerstufen übereinander, ohne dass über das Übliche hinausgehende Gebäudehöhen erforderlich sind.Since the fiber material is supplied from the opener stage 1 directly without the interposition of pneumatic transport means in the feed chute 20, the feed chute 20 can be kept very small. The low height is not only beneficial for maintaining the Auflösezustands generated by the opening stage 1, but also allows an arrangement of the two opener stages one above the other, without on the usual beyond building heights are required.

Eine Steuereinrichtung steuert den Ausgang nach der zweiten Öffnerstufe des Dosieröffners je nach dem, welchen Bedarf der Füllschachtspeiser IV anfordert. Außerdem wird über diese Steuereinrichtung auch die Lieferung von der Öffnerstufe 1 in die Öffnerstufe 2 gesteuert in Abhängigkeit der Füllstandshöhe im Füllschacht 20. Sobald diese Höhe den eingestellten Wert verlässt, wird die Zulieferung aus der Öffnerstufe 1 beschleunigt oder verringert oder ganz abgestellt. Durch die Elimination pneumatischer Transporteinrichtungen und die kompakte Bauweise der Öffnerstufen 1 und 2 übereinander werden schnelle Reaktionen bei der Steuerung der Materialzufuhr erreicht, so dass die Füllhöhe im Speiseschacht 20 so gut wie nicht schwankt. Der Speiseschacht 20 braucht keine Materialschwankungen ausgleichen.A controller controls the output after the second opener stage of the dosing opener, depending on what demand the feed chute IV requests. In addition, the delivery of the opener stage 1 in the opener stage 2 is controlled by this control device as a function of the level in the hopper 20. As soon as this height leaves the set value, the supply from the opener stage 1 is accelerated or reduced or completely turned off. The elimination of pneumatic transport devices and the compact design of the opener stages 1 and 2 on top of each other, rapid reactions in the control of the material supply are achieved, so that the filling level in the feed chute 20 virtually does not fluctuate. The feed duct 20 does not need to compensate for material fluctuations.

Dies erfolgt bereits durch den großen Speiseschacht 10 der Öffnerstufe 1. Der Speiseschacht 20 kann somit sehr klein gehalten werden. Beispielsweise reicht eine Höhe von 700 mm und eine Tiefe T2 von 300 mm vollkommen aus auch für Materialdurchsätze von 1.000 - 2.000 kg/h. Dagegen hat der Speiseschacht 10, ausgelegt für eine ausreichend große Materialreserve, beispielsweise eine Tiefe T1 von 1.000 mm bei einer Höhe von 2.500 mm.This is already done by the large feed chute 10 of the opener stage 1. The feed chute 20 can thus be kept very small. For example, a height of 700 mm and a depth T2 of 300 mm is completely sufficient even for material throughputs of 1,000 - 2,000 kg / h. In contrast, the feed chute 10, designed for a sufficiently large material reserve, for example, a depth T1 of 1,000 mm at a height of 2,500 mm.

Für den Speiseschacht 10 ist eine Überfüllsicherung vorgesehen, die anspricht, wenn die Füllhöhe ein gewisses Niveau übersteigt, so dass der Speiseschacht 10 die von den Öffner- und Mischmaschinen I gelieferte Fasermenge nicht mehr aufnehmen kann. Bei großen Mengendurchsätzen von 1.000 kg und mehr pro Stunde ist es notwendig, auch eine entsprechend große Reserve zu haben, um Stillstände oder Ausfälle in der Zulieferung von den Öffner- und Mischmaschinen 1 ausgleichen zu können. Dies ist durch den erfindungsgemäßen Speiseschacht 10 bei relativ geringer Füllhöhenschwankung gewährleistet. Pneumatische Fördereinrichtungen zwischen zwei Maschinen bedingen stets längere Reaktionszeiten bei Stillstand und Anfahren oder Veränderung der Materialliefermenge. Die direkte Koppelung der Öffnerstufe 1 mit der Öffnerstufe 2 ohne pneumatischen Zwischentransport gewährleistet kurze Reaktionszeiten und damit auch eine entsprechende Sicherheit und Garantie für eine konstante Füllhöhe im Speiseschacht 20. Dieser kann deshalb wesentlich kleiner gehalten werden als der Speiseschacht 10. Alle diese Maßnahmen tragen jeweils für sich zu einer außerordentlich gleichmäßigen Vliesbildung bei.For the feed chute 10 an overfill protection is provided, which responds when the filling level exceeds a certain level, so that the feed chute 10 can no longer accommodate the amount of fiber supplied by the opener and mixing machines I. For large throughputs of 1,000 kg and more per hour, it is necessary to have a correspondingly large reserve to compensate for downtime or failure in the supply of openers and mixing machines 1 can. This is ensured by the feed chute 10 according to the invention with relatively low Füllhöhenschwankung. Pneumatic conveyors between two machines always require longer reaction times at standstill and startup or change in the amount of material delivered. The direct coupling of the breaker 1 with the breaker stage 2 without pneumatic intermediate transport ensures short reaction times and thus a corresponding security and guarantee for a constant filling level in the feed chute 20. This can therefore be kept much smaller than the feed chute 10. All these measures contribute in each case contribute to an extremely uniform web formation.

Wie aus dem Vergleich der herkömmlichen Anlagen mit der erfindungsgemäßen Anlage gemäß Figur 2 zu erkennen ist, entfallen die Maschinen II und III, die durch den Dosieröffner D ersetzt werden. Rohrleitungen und auch entsprechende pneumatische Fördereinrichtungen entfallen, da die Voröffnerstufe 1 und die Feinöffnerstufe 2 übereinander angeordnet sind und somit das Fasermaterial direkt aus der ersten Öffnerstufe 1 in den Speiseschacht der zweiten Öffnerstufe 2 abgeworfen wird. Abgesehen von der kompakten Bauweise hat sich gezeigt, dass die erfindungsgemäße Verfahrensweise zu einer außerordentlich guten und gleichmäßigen Auflösung führt, so dass in einfacher Weise gleichmäßige Vliese hergestellt werden können. Die Anlage bedarf wesentlich weniger Raum. Komplizierte Einrichtungen, um das Material mit Luft unabhängig von der Füllhöhe zu verdichten, entfallen. Die Betriebssicherheit wird erhöht.As from the comparison of conventional systems with the inventive system according to FIG. 2 can be seen, accounts for the machines II and III, which are replaced by the dosing D. Pipelines and corresponding pneumatic conveyors omitted because the Voröffnerstufe 1 and Feinöffnerstufe 2 are arranged one above the other and thus the fiber material is dropped directly from the first opener stage 1 in the feed slot of the second opener stage 2. Apart from the compact Construction has been shown that the procedure according to the invention leads to an extremely good and uniform resolution, so that uniform nonwovens can be produced in a simple manner. The system requires much less space. Complicated facilities to compress the material with air regardless of the filling level omitted. The operational safety is increased.

Claims (18)

  1. Method for opening and dosing fiber material in which the fiber material from an opening and/or mixing equipment (I) is initially fed to a dosing opener from which it is afterwards delivered to the flock feeder (IV) of a carding machine (V) or another processing machine, characterized in that the fiber material in the dosing opener (D) is processed in a first opener stage (1) and delivered, without interposition of a pneumatic passage, to the feeding shaft of a second opener stage (2), in which the fiber material, under conditions of the same quantity throughput, is processed more finely than in the first opener stage (1), wherein the filling level in the second feeding shaft (20) is maintained approximately constant by the delivery through the first opener stage (1).
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the mass of the fiber material in the second opener stage (2) is thinned (drafted) with respect to the first opener stage (1).
  3. Method according to one of Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the output of the fiber material in the second opener stage (2) is controlled according to the demand of the next processing machine (IV, V) to be loaded.
  4. Device for opening and dosing fiber material, which device is fed by an opening and/or mixing equipment (I) via a feeding shaft and which delivers the fiber material processed by it to a flock feeder (IV) of a carding machine (V) or to another processing machine, characterized by a first opening device (1), before which is placed a large-volume feeding shaft (10) and which delivers the fiber material to a feeding shaft (20) having a many times smaller volume, which in turn feeds the fiber material to a second opening device (2), wherein both opening devices with their associated feeding shafts are arranged on top of one other, and by a control device that maintains the filling level in the second feeding shaft (20) approximately constant.
  5. Device according to Claim 4, characterized in that the first opening device (1) has been designed as a pre-opening unit (11, 12, 13) that feeds the fiber material directly to the second feeding shaft (20) without interposition of a pneumatic passage.
  6. Device according to one of the Claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the cross section of the feeding shaft (10) placed before the first opening device (1) is many times larger than the cross section of the feeding shaft (2) placed before the second opening device (20).
  7. Device according to one or several of the Claims 4 through 6, characterized in that the feeding shaft (10) is roughly as wide as the feeding shaft (20).
  8. Device according to one or several of the Claims 4 through 7, characterized in that the depth (T2) of the second feeding shaft (20) is less than one-half of the depth (T1) of the first feeding shaft (10).
  9. Device according to one or several of the Claims 4 through 8, characterized in that the depth T1 is about 2.5 to 3.5 times the depth T2.
  10. Device according to one or several of the Claims 4 through 9, characterized in that the height of the feeding shaft (10) of the first opener stage (1) is about 3 to 4 times the height of the feeding shaft (20) of the second opener stage (2).
  11. Device according to one or several of the Claims 4 through 10, characterized in that the second opening device (2) has been designed as a fine opening unit (21, 22, 23). fine opening unit (21, 22, 23).
  12. Device according to one or several of the Claims 4 through 11, characterized in that the speed of delivery of the fine opening unit (21, 22, 23), under conditions of delivery of the same quantity, is higher than that of the pre-opening unit (11, 12, 13) so that a thinning (drafting) of the fiber material takes place.
  13. Device according to Claim 4, characterized in that the control device controls the supply through the first opening device (11, 12, 13) depending on the filling level in the second feeding shaft (20).
  14. Device according to one or several of the Claims 4 through 13, characterized in that the first opening device (11, 12, 13) has two draw-in rollers (11, 12) that act together and a pre-opening roller (13).
  15. Device according to one or several of the Claims 4 through 14, characterized in that the pre-opening roller (13) is studded with pins.
  16. Device according to one or several of the Claims 4 through 15, characterized in that the draw-in rollers (11, 12; 21, 22) have intermeshing clothings with adjustable engagement.
  17. Device according to Claim 16, characterized in that the draw-in rollers (11, 12; 21, 22) have selvedge clothings.
  18. Device according to one or several of the Claims 4 through 17, characterized in that the second opening unit (21, 22, 23) has an opening roller (23) studded with a needle or saw-toothed clothing.
EP08161609A 2007-08-17 2008-08-01 Method for opening and metering fibrous material Active EP2028297B1 (en)

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DE102010005196A1 (en) 2010-01-21 2011-07-28 Hubert Hergeth Machine for opening fiber flocks, has feed rollers comprising opposite rotational directions, where one feed roller viewed in rotation direction of aperture roller comprise larger circumferential speed than another feed roller
DE102010034779A1 (en) * 2010-08-18 2012-02-23 Hubert Hergeth Machine for opening fiber flakes, has pair of feed rolls cooperating with fast-running aperture roll, where speeds of oppositely clamped feel rolls acting on fiber flakes are different from each other
US10266457B2 (en) 2014-06-29 2019-04-23 Profile Products L.L.C. Bark and wood fiber growing medium
EP3161195A4 (en) * 2014-06-29 2018-06-13 Profile Products L.L.C. Growing medium and mulch fiber opening apparatus
AU2015284367A1 (en) 2014-06-29 2017-02-02 Profile Products L.L.C. Bark and wood fiber growing medium
US10889758B2 (en) 2014-06-29 2021-01-12 Profile Products, L.L.C. Naturally dyed mulch and growing media
US11686021B2 (en) * 2014-06-29 2023-06-27 Profile Products L.L.C. Growing medium and mulch fiber opening apparatus
DE102015122807A1 (en) 2015-12-23 2017-06-29 Temafa Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Fiber processing plant and method for opening and mixing fiber material in a fiber processing plant
DE102018102860A1 (en) 2018-02-08 2019-08-08 Temafa Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Storage device for fiber material with a cleaning unit

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DE3546501A1 (en) * 1985-09-13 1987-04-23 Heidelberger Zement Ag Device for the continuous supply of hydraulically setting composition
DE4025476A1 (en) * 1990-02-12 1991-08-14 Rieter Ag Maschf Textile fibre mixing hopper - has feed for accurate blend predetermined by calculation and regulated automatically
US5257438A (en) 1990-02-14 1993-11-02 Maschinenfabrik Rieter Ag Dosing method and apparatus for the delivery of predeterminate quantities of fiber flocks per unit of time
DE4227899A1 (en) * 1993-09-24 1994-02-24 Pfeiffer Erich Gmbh & Co Kg Discharge mechanism for fluidic media with discharge head(s) - has distributor(s) with medium receiver(s) for distribution and stationary reception of at least one medium
DE4434251B4 (en) 1994-09-24 2006-02-23 Trützschler GmbH & Co KG Feeding device for carding, carding or the like for textile fiber material
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DE29923579U1 (en) * 1999-08-30 2000-12-07 Trützschler GmbH & Co KG, 41199 Mönchengladbach Device for opening and cleaning fiber material
ITTO20010518A1 (en) * 2001-05-31 2002-12-01 Marzoli Spa APRITOIO AND OPENING PROCEDURE.
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EP2028297A2 (en) 2009-02-25
EP2028297A3 (en) 2011-08-17
PL2028297T3 (en) 2013-04-30
ES2394673T3 (en) 2013-02-04
US20090077770A1 (en) 2009-03-26
DE102007039055B4 (en) 2019-11-07
US7752715B2 (en) 2010-07-13
DE102007039055A1 (en) 2009-02-19

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