EP2026907B1 - Working electrode for an electrodynamic fragmenting installation - Google Patents
Working electrode for an electrodynamic fragmenting installation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2026907B1 EP2026907B1 EP06701855A EP06701855A EP2026907B1 EP 2026907 B1 EP2026907 B1 EP 2026907B1 EP 06701855 A EP06701855 A EP 06701855A EP 06701855 A EP06701855 A EP 06701855A EP 2026907 B1 EP2026907 B1 EP 2026907B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- central conductor
- working electrode
- changing part
- area
- working
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 230000005520 electrodynamics Effects 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title claims description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims 6
- 230000002929 anti-fatigue Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
- B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
- B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
- B02C2019/183—Crushing by discharge of high electrical energy
Definitions
- the invention relates to a working electrode for an electrodynamic fragmentation system, change parts for such a working electrode and a use of the working electrode according to the preambles of the independent claims.
- high voltage breakdowns are produced by a working electrode applied to high voltage pulses and a base electrode, which is usually at a neutral potential, through the material to be comminuted, which leads to the comminution of the material.
- a slight removal of material at the working electrode tip takes place at each high-voltage breakdown, so that it is worn after a certain period of use and must be replaced. It may also be necessary to change the electrode when changing the material to be digested with the equipment in order to prevent contamination of the end product with unwanted electrode material.
- high-voltage electrodes are known from the prior art in which the electrode tip is formed by an exchangeable exchangeable part and which thereby largely avoid the aforementioned disadvantages.
- Such high voltage electrodes are for example in SU 1790069 A1 . SU 1781892 A1 . JP 2003 001137 A and US 2005/0150668 A1 shown.
- these high-voltage electrodes have the disadvantage that, in the case of strong pressure pulsations in the working space, the alternating part forming the electrode tip can come loose, which is why such high-voltage electrodes are relatively maintenance-intensive.
- a first aspect of the invention relates to a working electrode for an electrodynamic fragmentation system with a replaceable electrode tip.
- the working electrode comprises an insulator body, for example of plastic or of a ceramic material, with a central conductor of a highly electrically conductive, preferably metallic material, for example of aluminum, copper or stainless steel, which passes through the insulator axially.
- a high voltage generator for charging the working electrode with high voltage pulses.
- the so-called working end which in operation in the process liquid, eg water, and to be shredded Submerged material filled work area of the fragmentation, the central conductor carries an electrode tip, which forms the starting point for the voltage breakdowns in operation.
- the electrode tip is formed by a replaceable, one-piece or multi-part removable part.
- the change part has a contact surface which serves as an axial stop of the replacement part on the central conductor and adjacent to the working end of the central conductor under axial compressive bias to a stop surface of the central conductor.
- the contact surface of the removable part and / or the abutment surface of the central conductor e.g. be designed as a blunt abutment surfaces with purely radial extension or as a cone-shaped surfaces with radial and axial extent.
- the removable part is connected at the end facing away from the electrode tip with the central conductor via a first screw, for fastening the removable part to the central conductor and for generating the pressure bias between the contact surface and the stop surface.
- the exchangeable interchangeable part between the first screw connection and the contact surface and / or the central conductor between the first screw connection and the abutment surface has an expansion region, preferably with a length of at least twice, more preferably at least four times, the diameter of the first screw connection, which is under the principle of the expansion screw by elastic strain under a tensile prestress and thereby generates the pressure bias between the contact surface and stop surface.
- Such working electrodes with structurally provided Dehn Siemensen are robust and can be operated maintenance-free over a long time even with strong pressure pulsations in the working space, as between the central conductor and the removable removable part only Schwell procedure occur, but not alternating forces. They also have the advantage that when the electrode is worn or when the material to be comminuted, only the electrode tip has to be exchanged and, for example, an opening of an oil-filled high-voltage system for the replacement of the entire working electrode becomes superfluous. As a result, the maintenance-related downtime and operating costs of electrodynamic fragmentation systems can be significantly reduced. In addition, such working electrodes are particularly reliable and it results in a simple interchangeability and secure attachment of the removable part.
- the expansion region of the removable part and / or the central conductor is designed as a stretch or as an expansion sleeve, which in the former case preferably at one end forms the external thread and in the latter case preferably the internal thread of the first screw.
- the removable part is integrally formed, formed in another of several components, which in the former case gives the advantage of a simple, robust construction and in the latter case, greater constructive freedom for the design of the removable part grants.
- the contact surface of the removable part is formed by a preferably designed as a nut, preferably as a hexagon or Stirnlochmutter stop element, which with another component of the removable part, which forms the external thread or the internal thread of the first screw and in one piece is formed with the electrode tip forms a second screw.
- a nut preferably as a hexagon or Stirnlochmutter stop element
- this forming component of the removable part by means of the first screw on the central To attach conductor and then by means of the stop element and the second screw to create the compressive stress between the contact surface and stop surface.
- This is particularly advantageous when embodiments are used with long strain areas between the first and the second screw, since this biasing is possible without a substantial contribution of torsional forces in the expansion region, so that the expansion region can be optimally dimensioned for its function ,
- the interchangeable part between the electrode tip and the contact surface e.g. shortly before the electrode tip, a region with non-rotationally symmetrical cross section, so that the contour of which can be positively detected with a screw-in for screwing in and unscrewing the removable part.
- the interchangeable part body can hereby also be held against turning when the second screwed connection is tightened, as a result of which an introduction of torsional forces into the expansion region of this embodiment can be completely prevented.
- the replacement part for this purpose in the region between the electrode tip and contact surface on at least two parallel mirror surfaces.
- Such mirror surfaces are easy to manufacture and allow the rotation or rotation of the removable part with commercial fork wrenches.
- the change part has a peripheral radial bead in a region adjacent to its contact surface on its outer circumference. It is preferred in embodiments with an example designed as a nut stop element, which provides the claimed contact surface, preferably, when this stop element facing at its the central conductor End has on its outer circumference a circumferential, radial bead.
- a seal preferably an O-ring, is disposed between the changing part and the central conductor to prevent penetration of process liquid and dirt into the attachment area between the change part and the central conductor.
- a seal preferably an O-ring
- the central conductor in the region of its working end, where it emerges from the insulator body, on its outer circumference on a circumferential, radial bead.
- the central conductor in the region of its Häend Policy exit from the insulator body on a region with a non-rotationally symmetrical cross-section, preferably two parallel mirror surfaces, for positive cooperation with a tool such. a fork wrench.
- the central conductor has at least two end holes on its end face on the working end side for positive engagement with a face spanner.
- the electrode tip is formed as a spherical cap or as a paraboloid of revolution.
- Such molds provide a locally defined breakdown starting point while maintaining good electrode tip life
- a second aspect of the invention relates to a replacement part for a working electrode according to the first aspect of the invention.
- the change part has an elongate, electrically conductive base body, preferably of a metal or a metal alloy, which carries at one end a first external thread for fixing the same to a central conductor of a working electrode and at its other end an electrode tip.
- a second external thread is arranged between the electrode tip and the first outer thread, which is provided for screwing a stop element with a contact surface for axial abutment against a stop surface on the central conductor.
- the base body has a region with non-rotationally symmetrical cross section, so that it can be gripped positively in the direction of rotation about its longitudinal axis with a suitable Einschraubtechnikmaschine for screwing or unscrewing of the main body in the central head of Working electrode and for securing the same against rotation when tightening a arranged on the second external thread nut-like stop member for generating a duck bias between the contact surface of the stop member and the stop surface of the central conductor.
- the base body for this purpose in the area between the electrode tip and the second thread at least a pair of parallel mirror surfaces, which can cooperate with a wrench of suitable size.
- the base body between the first external thread and the second external thread on a expansion shaft preferably with a Dehnschaftin of at least twice, preferably at least four times the diameter of the first external thread.
- this further comprises, arranged on the second external thread, a stop element with a contact surface for axial abutment against a stop surface of the central conductor, which preferably also has at least two parallel mirror surfaces for positive engagement with a fork wrench.
- a third aspect of the invention relates to another change part for a working electrode according to the first aspect of the invention.
- the interchangeable part also has an elongated electrically conductive, preferably metallic base body, which at one end carries an internal thread for fastening the interchangeable part to a central conductor of a working electrode and at its other end to an electrode tip. Between the electrode tip and the internal thread a stop shoulder for axial abutment is arranged on a stop face of the central conductor.
- the base body between the stop shoulder and the electrode tip on a region with non-rotationally symmetrical cross-section, so that it can be positively entrained in the direction of rotation about its longitudinal axis with a suitable Einschraubtechnikmaschinegne for screwing the main body in the receiving opening of the central conductor of the working electrode purpose Attachment of the replacement part to the central conductor and generation of a duck bias between the contact surface of the stop element and the stop surface of the central conductor.
- Between the internal thread and the stop shoulder of the main body of the removable part is designed as an expansion sleeve, preferably with a Dehnhülsengue which corresponds to at least twice, preferably at least four times the diameter of its internal thread.
- the removable part is integrally formed.
- stop shoulder is formed by a circumferential radial bead of the removable part, which can serve as a field relief.
- the change parts according to the second and third aspects of the invention are preferred commercial goods and allow the construction of working electrodes, in which the electrode tip can be changed easily without disconnecting the electrode from the voltage supply system.
- a fourth aspect of the invention relates to the use of the working electrode according to the first aspect of the invention for the electrodynamic fragmentation of preferably poorly conductive materials such as concrete or slag. In such uses, the benefits of the invention are particularly evident.
- Fig. 1 shows the working end of a first inventive working electrode in longitudinal section.
- the electrode comprises a cylindrical and towards the working end truncated cone shaped insulator body 1 made of a thermoplastic material, in the present case polyethylene, with a central conductor 2 arranged in its center made of stainless steel, which is pressed into the insulator body 1 and thus free of play is attached in this.
- the central conductor 2 has at its end face in the working end face in the edge region two evenly distributed smaller end holes 23 and a larger central blind hole, which is the working end, at which the central conductor 2 exiting to form a circumferential radial bead 14 from the insulator body 1, is open and forms an internal thread in the region of its closed end.
- a claim according to the exchange part 4 Arranged in the central bore of the central conductor 2 is a claim according to the exchange part 4, which is screwed with an end-side external thread 15 in the internal thread of the central bore and is fixed to form a claim according to the first screw 7 on the central conductor 2.
- Fig. 2 which shows the inventive change part 4 in the side view, can be seen, forms the change part 4 at its other end a hemispherical electrode tip 3, which in operation as a starting point for the high voltage breakdowns serves.
- the removable part 4 has a second external thread 16 which carries a hexagonal nut 10 serving as a stop element 10 according to the claims, thereby forming a second screwed connection 11 according to the invention.
- the mother 10 with its end facing away from the working end 5, which forms the claimed contact surface 5, axially dull and under pressure bias to the working side end face 6 of the central conductor 2, which forms the claimed stop surface 6 and merges smoothly into the bead 14.
- the change part 4 in the region between the first thread 7 and the second thread 11 to a trained as a shank 8 expansion region having a length of about has three times the diameter of the first screw 7.
- an O-ring 13 is disposed in a circumferential groove in the removable part 4 between the expansion shaft 8 and the second screw 11, which between the change part 4 and the Wall of the central bore formed annular gap seals.
- the exchange part 4 in the region between the second screw 11 and the electrode tip 3 on four at an angle of 90 ° to each other standing mirror surfaces 12 which can cooperate with a wrench for screwing and unscrewing the removable part 4 in the central conductor 2 inside and out of this and / or to prevent rotation of the removable part 4 when tightening the second screw 11th
- the electrode tip 3 is to be exchanged in the working electrode shown, either because it is worn or because it is intended to be used because a tip made of another material is used, then first the central conductor 2 secured by means of an engaging in the two end holes 23 Stirnloch Whyls against twisting in the insulator 1 and possibly also the removable part 4 by means of the mirror surfaces 12 engaging wrench against rotation in the central conductor 2 and then secured the nut 10 on the second external thread 16 solved by a wrench. Subsequently, the change part 4 is unscrewed with the aid of a fork wrench from the central conductor 2.
- a new or other change part 4 is screwed into the central bore of the central conductor 2 and then the nut 10 of this change part 4 is attracted to generate the compressive bias between the contact surface 5 and stop surface 6 with a certain torque, whereby the expansion shaft 8 elastically stretched under tension becomes.
- the removable part 4 is secured with a wrench on the mirror surfaces 12 and the central conductor 2 by means of an engaging in its two end holes 23 Stirnloch Whyls against rotation.
- the face spanner for securing the central conductor 2 against rotation and the open-end wrench for securing the removable part 4 against twisting formed by a single special tool, so that the assembly / disassembly is simplified and a rotation of the removable part 4 relative to the central conductor 2 when tightening or Loosening the nut 10 is excluded from the outset.
- Fig. 3 shows the working end of a second inventive working electrode in longitudinal section.
- the electrode here also comprises a cylindrical and towards the working end truncated cone-shaped insulator body 1, in the center of a central conductor 2, formed from a pressed cylinder sleeve 19 with a mounted in the sleeve 19 Tie rod 20 with external thread, is arranged.
- the cylinder sleeve 19 is open towards the working end and receives in this opening a one-piece, according to the change part 4, which is screwed within the cylinder sleeve 19 with an end formed by this internal thread 17 with the external thread of the tie rod 20 and thereby attached to the central conductor 2, At the other end of the change part 4 forms a Rotationsparaboloidförmige electrode tip 3.
- the change part 4 has a circumferential radial bead 14, which serves as a field relief and a claims stop shoulder 18 which provides the claimed contact surface 5, with the change part 4 axially under pressure prestress on the projecting out of the insulator 1 end face 6 of the cylinder sleeve 19 of the central conductor 2, which the claim according to claim surface 6 forms, adjacent.
- the interchangeable part 4 in the region between the first thread 7 and the stop shoulder 18 has an expansion region formed as an expansion sleeve 9, which has a length of about Has three times the diameter of the first screw 7.
- the change part 4 from the cylinder sleeve 19 of the central conductor 2 unscrewed by the two mirror surfaces 12 are gripped with a suitable open-end wrench. Then, a new or different change part 4 is screwed into the central bore of the central conductor 2 and tightened with a certain torque, so that on the screw 7 between the removable part 4 and the tie rod 20 of the central conductor 2, a desired compression bias between contact surface 5 and stop surface 6 is generated by the expansion sleeve 9 is elastically stretched under tension.
- Fig. 4 shows the working end of a third inventive working electrode in longitudinal section.
- this electrode also comprises a cylindrical insulator body 1 which is of frusto-conical shape towards the working end and in the center of which a central conductor 2 is arranged.
- the central conductor 2 consists of a cylindrical metal rod 21, which is pressed into the insulator 1 and has a central blind bore at the working end of the electrode, from which it emerges from the insulator 1, and a spigot shaft 22 arranged in the latter.
- the expansion pin 22 is fixed with its end facing away from the working end in the central bore by screwing into an internal thread at the end thereof and protrudes with its other, working side end, which also carries an external thread, from the central bore of the metal rod 21, where he together forms with the internal thread of a hat nut-shaped interchangeable part 4 a claim according to the first screw 7.
- a feather key 30 is arranged, which after screwing the Dehnschaftbolzens 22 in the cylindrical metal rod 21 by axial insertion in opposing keyways 31, 32 in the thread of the expansion pin 22 and was installed in the wall of the central blind hole.
- the removable part 4 is fastened here by screwing onto the threaded end of the Dehnschaftsbolzens 22 on the central conductor 2, wherein the end facing away from the working end 5 of the removable part 4, which forms a claimed contact surface 5; is axially adjacent to the end face 6 of the cylindrical metal rod 21 under a caused by elastic expansion of the Dehnschaftbolzens 22 compressive bias, which represents a claim according to claim 6 stop surface.
- the change part 4 is constructed in the present case similar to a cap nut by having a hexagonal area with three pairs of parallel mirror surfaces 12 for cooperation with a wrench and projecting from this area hat 3 with the shape of a paraboloid of revolution, which represents the claimed electrode tip 3.
- this change part 4 can be easily removed with a wrench and replaced by a new or different.
- the newly assembled replacement part 4 is expediently tightened with a torque wrench to a specific torque.
- Fig. 5 shows the working end of a fourth inventive working electrode in longitudinal section, which differs from the in Fig. 4 Essentially, the working electrode shown differs in that the contact surface 5 of the change part 4 terminates in a circumferential radial bead 14, which serves as a field relief in the transition region between the insulator 1 and the central conductor 2.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
- Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Discharge Heating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Arbeitselektrode für eine elektrodynamische Fragmentierungsanlage, Wechselteile für eine solche Arbeitselektrode sowie eine Verwendung der Arbeitselektrode gemäss den Oberbegriffen der unabhängigen Patentansprüche.The invention relates to a working electrode for an electrodynamic fragmentation system, change parts for such a working electrode and a use of the working electrode according to the preambles of the independent claims.
Bei der elektrodynamischen Fragmentierung von Material, wie beispielsweise Beton, werden zwischen einer mit Hochspannungspulsen beaufschlagten Arbeitselektrode und einer üblicherweise auf neutralem Potential liegenden Basiselektrode Hochspannungsdurchschläge durch das zu zerkleinernde Material erzeugt, wodurch es zur Zerkleinerung des Materials kommt. Dabei findet bei jedem Hochspannungsdurchschlag auch ein geringfügiger Materialabtrag an der Arbeitselektrodenspitze statt, so dass diese nach einer gewissen Einsatzdauer abgenutzt ist und ausgetauscht werden muss. Auch kann ein Elektrodenwechsel bei einem Wechsel des mit der Anlage aufzuschliessenden Materials erforderlich werden, um eine Kontamination des Endprodukts mit unerwünschtem Elektrodenmaterial zu verhindern. In beiden Fällen muss bei elektrodynamischen Fragmentierungsanlagen mit nicht austauschbaren Elektrodenspitzen die gesamte Arbeitselektrode inklusive Isolator ausgewechselt werden, was ein kosten- und zeitintensives Unterfangen darstellt, nicht zuletzt deshalb, weil die Arbeitselektroden auf ihrer Anschlussseite üblicherweise an ein mit Isolatoröl gefülltes System angekoppelt sind. Als weiterer Nachteil ergibt sich hieraus, dass es unwirtschaftlich ist, nicht vollständig verbrauchte Elektroden aufzubrauchen, da der Installationsaufwand gemessen an der Restnutzungsdauer relativ hoch ist.In the electrodynamic fragmentation of material, such as concrete, high voltage breakdowns are produced by a working electrode applied to high voltage pulses and a base electrode, which is usually at a neutral potential, through the material to be comminuted, which leads to the comminution of the material. In this case, a slight removal of material at the working electrode tip takes place at each high-voltage breakdown, so that it is worn after a certain period of use and must be replaced. It may also be necessary to change the electrode when changing the material to be digested with the equipment in order to prevent contamination of the end product with unwanted electrode material. In both cases, in electrodynamic fragmentation systems with non-exchangeable electrode tips, the entire working electrode including insulator must be replaced, which is a costly and time-consuming endeavor, not least because the working electrodes are usually coupled on their terminal side to a system filled with insulator oil. A further disadvantage results from the fact that it is uneconomical, not completely used electrodes use up, since the installation costs measured relative to the remaining useful life is relatively high.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind weiter Hochspannungselektroden bekannt, bei denen die Elektrodenspitze von einem austauschbaren Wechselteil gebildet ist und welche dadurch die zuvor genannten Nachteile weitestgehend vermeiden. Derartige Hochspannungselektroden sind beispielsweise in
Es stellt sich daher die Aufgabe, eine Arbeitselektrode zur Verfügung zu stellen, welche die Nachteile des Standes der Technik nicht aufweist oder diese zumindest teilweise vermeidet.It is therefore the task of providing a working electrode which does not have the disadvantages of the prior art or at least partially avoids it.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Arbeitselektrode und die Wechselteile für eine solche Arbeitselektrode gemäss den unabhängigen Patentansprüchen gelöst.This object is achieved by the working electrode and the change parts for such a working electrode according to the independent claims.
Demgemäss betrifft ein erster Aspekt der Erfindung eine Arbeitselektrode für eine elektrodynamische Fragmentierungsanlage mit einer austauschbaren Elektrodenspitze. Die Arbeitselektrode umfasst einen Isolatorkörper, z.B. aus Kunststoff oder aus einem keramischen Material, mit einem zentralen Leiter aus einem elektrisch gut leitenden, bevorzugterweise metallischen Material, z.B. aus Aluminium, Kupfer oder rostfreiem Stahl, welcher den Isolator axial durchsetzt. An einem Ende ist der zentrale Leiter ausgestaltet zur Ankopplung an einen Hochspannungsgenerator zur Beschickung der Arbeitselektrode mit Hochspannungspulsen. An seinem anderen Ende, dem sogenannten Arbeitsende, welches im Betrieb in den mit Prozessflüssigkeit, z.B. Wasser, und dem zu zerkleinernden Material gefüllten Arbeitsbereich der Fragmentierungsanlage eintaucht, trägt der zentrale Leiter eine Elektrodenspitze, welche im Betrieb den Ausgangspunkt für die Spannungsdurchschläge bildet. Die Elektrodenspitze wird von einem austauschbaren, einstückigen oder mehrteiligen Wechselteil gebildet.Accordingly, a first aspect of the invention relates to a working electrode for an electrodynamic fragmentation system with a replaceable electrode tip. The working electrode comprises an insulator body, for example of plastic or of a ceramic material, with a central conductor of a highly electrically conductive, preferably metallic material, for example of aluminum, copper or stainless steel, which passes through the insulator axially. At one end of the central conductor is designed for coupling to a high voltage generator for charging the working electrode with high voltage pulses. At its other end, the so-called working end, which in operation in the process liquid, eg water, and to be shredded Submerged material filled work area of the fragmentation, the central conductor carries an electrode tip, which forms the starting point for the voltage breakdowns in operation. The electrode tip is formed by a replaceable, one-piece or multi-part removable part.
Das Wechselteil weist eine Kontaktfläche auf, die als axialer Anschlag des Wechselteils am zentralen Leiter dient und am Arbeitsende des zentralen Leiters unter axialer Druckvorspannung an eine Anschlagfläche des zentralen Leiters angrenzt. Dabei können die Kontaktfläche des Wechselteils und/oder die Anschlagfläche des zentralen Leiters z.B. als stumpfe Anschlagflächen mit rein radialer Erstreckung oder auch als konusförmige Flächen mit radialer und axialer Erstreckung ausgebildet sein.The change part has a contact surface which serves as an axial stop of the replacement part on the central conductor and adjacent to the working end of the central conductor under axial compressive bias to a stop surface of the central conductor. In this case, the contact surface of the removable part and / or the abutment surface of the central conductor, e.g. be designed as a blunt abutment surfaces with purely radial extension or as a cone-shaped surfaces with radial and axial extent.
Weiter ist das Wechselteil an dem der Elektrodenspitze abgewandten Ende mit dem zentralen Leiter über eine erste Verschraubung verbunden, zur Befestigung des Wechselteils am zentralen Leiter und zur Erzeugung der Druckvorspannung zwischen der Kontaktfläche und der Anschlagfläche. Zudem weist das austauschbare Wechselteil zwischen der ersten Verschraubung und der Kontaktfläche und/oder weist der zentrale Leiter zwischen der ersten Verschraubung und der Anschlagfläche einen Dehnungsbereich, bevorzugterweise mit einer Länge von mindesten dem Zweifachen, noch bevorzugter mindestens dem Vierfachen des Durchmessers der ersten Verschraubung auf, welcher nach dem Prinzip der Dehnschraube durch elastische Dehnung unter einer Zugvorspannung steht und dadurch die Druckvorspannung zwischen Kontaktfläche und Anschlagfläche erzeugt.Further, the removable part is connected at the end facing away from the electrode tip with the central conductor via a first screw, for fastening the removable part to the central conductor and for generating the pressure bias between the contact surface and the stop surface. In addition, the exchangeable interchangeable part between the first screw connection and the contact surface and / or the central conductor between the first screw connection and the abutment surface has an expansion region, preferably with a length of at least twice, more preferably at least four times, the diameter of the first screw connection, which is under the principle of the expansion screw by elastic strain under a tensile prestress and thereby generates the pressure bias between the contact surface and stop surface.
Derartige Arbeitselektroden mit konstruktiv vorgesehenen Dehnbereichen sind robust und können auch bei starken Druckpulsationen im Arbeitsraum über eine lange Zeit wartungsfrei betrieben werden, da zwischen dem zentralen Leiter und dem austauschbaren Wechselteil lediglich Schwellkräfte auftreten, nicht jedoch Wechselkräfte. Auch weisen sie den Vorteil auf, dass bei einem Verschleiss der Elektrode oder bei einer Änderung des zu zerkleinernden Materials lediglich die Elektrodenspitze gewechselt werden muss und z.B. ein Öffnen eines ölgefüllten Hochspannungssystems zwecks Austausch der gesamten Arbeitselektrode überflüssig wird. Hierdurch lassen sich die wartungsbedingten Ausfallzeiten und Betriebskosten elektrodynamischer Fragmentierungsanlagen deutlich senken. Zudem sind solche Arbeitselektroden besonders betriebssicher und es ergibt sich eine einfache Austauschbarkeit und eine sichere Befestigung des Wechselteils.Such working electrodes with structurally provided Dehnbereichen are robust and can be operated maintenance-free over a long time even with strong pressure pulsations in the working space, as between the central conductor and the removable removable part only Schwellkräfte occur, but not alternating forces. They also have the advantage that when the electrode is worn or when the material to be comminuted, only the electrode tip has to be exchanged and, for example, an opening of an oil-filled high-voltage system for the replacement of the entire working electrode becomes superfluous. As a result, the maintenance-related downtime and operating costs of electrodynamic fragmentation systems can be significantly reduced. In addition, such working electrodes are particularly reliable and it results in a simple interchangeability and secure attachment of the removable part.
Bevorzugterweise ist der Dehnungsbereich des Wechselteils und/oder des zentralen Leiters als Dehnschaft oder als Dehnhülse ausgebildet, wobei dieser im erstgenannten Fall bevorzugterweise an einem Ende das Aussengewinde und im letztgenannten Fall bevorzugterweise das Innengewinde der ersten Verschraubung bildet.Preferably, the expansion region of the removable part and / or the central conductor is designed as a stretch or as an expansion sleeve, which in the former case preferably at one end forms the external thread and in the latter case preferably the internal thread of the first screw.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das Wechselteil einstückig ausgebildet, in einer anderen aus mehreren Bauteilen gebildet, was im erstgenannten Fall den Vorteil eines einfachen, robusten Aufbaus ergibt und im letztgenannten Fall grössere konstruktive Freiräume für die Ausgestaltung des Wechselteils einräumt.In a further preferred embodiment, the removable part is integrally formed, formed in another of several components, which in the former case gives the advantage of a simple, robust construction and in the latter case, greater constructive freedom for the design of the removable part grants.
Dabei ist es bei mehrteiligen Wechselteilen bevorzugt, wenn die Kontaktfläche des Wechselteils von einem bevorzugterweise als Mutter, bevorzugterweise als Sechskant- oder Stirnlochmutter ausgebildeten Anschlagelement gebildet wird, welches mit einem weiteren Bauteil des Wechselteils, welches das Aussengewinde oder das Innengewinde der ersten Verschraubung bildet und einstückig mit der Elektrodenspitze ausgebildet ist, eine zweite Verschraubung bildet. Hierdurch wird es möglich, zuerst die Elektrodenspitze bzw. dass diese bildende Bauteil des Wechselteils mittels der ersten Verschraubung am zentralen Leiter zu befestigen und sodann mittels des Anschlagelements und der zweiten Verschraubung die Druckspannung zwischen Kontaktfläche und Anschlagfläche zu erzeugen. Dies ist insbesondere dann von Vorteil, wenn Ausführungsformen mit langen Dehnungsbereichen zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Verschraubung verwendet werden, da hierbei ein Vorspannen auch ohne eine wesentliche Einbringung von Torsionskräften in den Dehnungsbereich möglich ist, so dass der Dehnungsbereich optimal für seine Funktion dimensioniert werden kann.It is preferred in multi-part change parts, when the contact surface of the removable part is formed by a preferably designed as a nut, preferably as a hexagon or Stirnlochmutter stop element, which with another component of the removable part, which forms the external thread or the internal thread of the first screw and in one piece is formed with the electrode tip forms a second screw. This makes it possible, first the electrode tip or that this forming component of the removable part by means of the first screw on the central To attach conductor and then by means of the stop element and the second screw to create the compressive stress between the contact surface and stop surface. This is particularly advantageous when embodiments are used with long strain areas between the first and the second screw, since this biasing is possible without a substantial contribution of torsional forces in the expansion region, so that the expansion region can be optimally dimensioned for its function ,
In noch einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Arbeitselektrode mit anspruchsgemässer ersten Verschraubung weist das Wechselteil zwischen Elektrodenspitze und Kontaktfläche, z.B. kurz vor der Elektrodenspitze, einen Bereich mit nicht-rotationssymmetrischem Querschnitt auf, so dass dessen Kontur mit einem Einschraubwerkzeug formschlüssig erfasst werden kann zum Ein- und Ausschrauben des Wechselteils. Bei der zuvor genannten Ausführungsform kann hiermit zudem der Wechselteilkörper beim Anziehen der zweiten Verschraubung gegen ein Verdrehen festgehalten werden, wodurch sich eine Einbringung von Torsionskräften in den Dehnungsbereich dieser Ausführungsform vollständig verhindern lässt.In yet another preferred embodiment of the working electrode with the first screwing according to the invention, the interchangeable part between the electrode tip and the contact surface, e.g. shortly before the electrode tip, a region with non-rotationally symmetrical cross section, so that the contour of which can be positively detected with a screw-in for screwing in and unscrewing the removable part. In the aforementioned embodiment, the interchangeable part body can hereby also be held against turning when the second screwed connection is tightened, as a result of which an introduction of torsional forces into the expansion region of this embodiment can be completely prevented.
Mit Vorteil weist das Wechselteil hierfür im Bereich zwischen Elektrodenspitze und Kontaktfläche mindestens zwei parallele Spiegelflächen auf. Solche Spiegelflächen sind einfach herzustellen und erlauben das Verdrehen bzw. Verdrehsichern des Wechselteils mit handelsüblichen Gabelschlüsseln.Advantageously, the replacement part for this purpose in the region between the electrode tip and contact surface on at least two parallel mirror surfaces. Such mirror surfaces are easy to manufacture and allow the rotation or rotation of the removable part with commercial fork wrenches.
In einer anderen bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Arbeitselektrode weist das Wechselteil in einem Bereich angrenzend an seine Kontaktfläche an seinem Aussenumfang einen umlaufenden, radialen Wulst auf. Dabei ist es bei Ausführungsformen mit einem z.B. als Mutter ausgebildeten Anschlagelement, welches die anspruchsgemässe Kontaktfläche bereitstellt, bevorzugt, wenn dieses Anschlagelement an seinem dem zentralen Leiter zugewandten Ende an seinem Aussenumfang einen umlaufenden, radialen Wulst aufweist.In another preferred embodiment of the working electrode, the change part has a peripheral radial bead in a region adjacent to its contact surface on its outer circumference. It is preferred in embodiments with an example designed as a nut stop element, which provides the claimed contact surface, preferably, when this stop element facing at its the central conductor End has on its outer circumference a circumferential, radial bead.
In beiden Fällen dient der radiale, umlaufende Wulst der Feldentlastung im Bereich des Austritts des zentralen Leiters aus dem Isolator, wodurch sich die Standzeit des Isolators und des zentralen Leiters deutlich verlängern lässt.In both cases, the radial, circumferential bead of the field relief in the region of the exit of the central conductor from the insulator, which can significantly extend the life of the insulator and the central conductor.
In noch einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Arbeitselektrode ist zwischen dem Wechselteil und dem zentralen Leiter eine Dichtung, bevorzugterweise ein O-Ring angeordnet, zur Verhinderung eines Eindringens von Prozessflüssigkeit und Schmutz in den Befestigungsbereich zwischen dem Wechselteil und dem zentralen Leiter. Insbesondere bei Ausführungsformen, bei denen das Wechselteil über die zuvor erwähnte erste Verschraubung mit dem zentralen Leiter verbunden ist, lässt sich hierdurch eine Verschmutzung und Beschädigung derselben verhindern.In yet another preferred embodiment of the working electrode, a seal, preferably an O-ring, is disposed between the changing part and the central conductor to prevent penetration of process liquid and dirt into the attachment area between the change part and the central conductor. In particular, in embodiments in which the removable part is connected via the aforementioned first screw to the central conductor, thereby a contamination and damage of the same can be prevented.
In noch einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Arbeitselektrode weist der zentrale Leiter im Bereich seines arbeitsseitigen Endes dort, wo er aus dem Isolatorkörper austritt, an seinem Aussenumfang einen umlaufenden, radialen Wulst auf.In yet another preferred embodiment of the working electrode, the central conductor in the region of its working end, where it emerges from the insulator body, on its outer circumference on a circumferential, radial bead.
In noch einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Arbeitselektrode weist der zentrale Leiter im Bereich seines arbeitsendseitigen Austritts aus dem Isolatorkörper einen Bereich mit einem nicht-rotationssymmetrischen Querschnitt auf, bevorzugterweise zwei parallele Spiegelflächen, zum formschlüssigen Zusammenwirken mit einem Werkzeug wie z.B. einem Gabelschlüssel.In yet another preferred embodiment of the working electrode, the central conductor in the region of its Arbeitsendseitigen exit from the insulator body on a region with a non-rotationally symmetrical cross-section, preferably two parallel mirror surfaces, for positive cooperation with a tool such. a fork wrench.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich ist es bevorzugt, wenn der zentrale Leiter an seiner arbeitsendseitigen Stirnseite mindestens zwei Stirnlöchern aufweist zum formschlüssigen Zusammenwirken mit einem Stirnlochschlüssel.Alternatively or additionally, it is preferred if the central conductor has at least two end holes on its end face on the working end side for positive engagement with a face spanner.
Durch diese Ausgestaltungen wird es möglich, den zentralen Leiter bei der Montage und/oder Demontage des Wechselteils gegen ein Verdrehen im Isolator zu sichern, welches bei kraftschlüssig z.B. durch Einpressen oder Einschrumpfen im Isolator befestigten zentralen Leitern zu einem Sichlösen bzw. Zerstören der Verbindung mit dem Isolator führen könnte.By these embodiments, it becomes possible, the central conductor during assembly and / or disassembly of the removable part to secure against rotation in the insulator, which could lead to a self-locking or destroying the connection with the insulator in non-positively fastened eg by pressing or shrinking in the insulator central conductors.
Bei bevorzugten Ausführungsformen der Arbeitselektrode ist die Elektrodenspitze als Kugelkalotte oder als Rotationsparaboloid ausgeformt. Solche Formen stellen einen örtlich definierten Durchschlagsausgangspunkt bereit, bei gleichzeitig guter Standzeit der ElektrodenspitzeIn preferred embodiments of the working electrode, the electrode tip is formed as a spherical cap or as a paraboloid of revolution. Such molds provide a locally defined breakdown starting point while maintaining good electrode tip life
Ein zweiter Aspekt der Erfindung betrifft ein Wechselteil für eine Arbeitselektrode gemäss dem ersten Aspekt der Erfindung. Das Wechselteil weist einen langgestreckten, elektrisch leitenden Grundkörper auf, bevorzugterweise aus einem Metall oder einer Metallegierung, welcher an einem Ende ein erstes Aussengewinde zur Befestigung desselben an einem zentralen Leiter einer Arbeitselektrode trägt und an seinem anderen Ende eine Elektrodenspitze. Dabei ist zwischen der Elektrodenspitze und dem ersten Aussengwinde ein zweites Aussengewinde angeordnet, welches zum Aufschrauben eines Anschlagelements mit einer Kontaktfläche zum axialen Angrenzen an eine Anschlagfläche am zentralen Leiter vorgesehen ist. Zwischen der Elektrodenspitze und dem zweiten Aussengewinde weist der Grundkörper einen Bereich mit nicht-rotationssymmetrischem Querschnitt auf, so dass er in Rotationsrichtung um seine Längsachse herum mit einem geeigneten Einschraubwerkzeug formschlüssig ergriffen werden kann, zum Ein- bzw. Ausschrauben des Grundkörpers in den zentralen Leiter der Arbeitselektrode und zum Sichern desselben gegen Verdrehen beim Anziehen eines auf dem zweiten Aussengewinde angeordneten mutternartigen Anschlagelements zwecks Erzeugung einer Duckvorspannung zwischen der Kontaktfläche des Anschlagelements und der Anschlagfläche des zentralen Leiters. Bevorzugterweise weist der Grundkörper hierfür im Bereich zwischen der Elektrodenspitze und dem zweiten Gewinde mindestens ein Paar paralleler Spiegelflächen auf, welche mit einem Gabelschlüssel geeigneter Grösse zusammenwirken können. Des Weiteren weist der Grundkörper zwischen dem ersten Aussengewinde und dem zweiten Aussengewinde einen Dehnschaft auf, bevorzugterweise mit einer Dehnschaftlänge von mindestens dem Zweifachen, bevorzugterweise mindestens dem Vierfachen des Durchmessers des ersten Aussengewindes.A second aspect of the invention relates to a replacement part for a working electrode according to the first aspect of the invention. The change part has an elongate, electrically conductive base body, preferably of a metal or a metal alloy, which carries at one end a first external thread for fixing the same to a central conductor of a working electrode and at its other end an electrode tip. In this case, a second external thread is arranged between the electrode tip and the first outer thread, which is provided for screwing a stop element with a contact surface for axial abutment against a stop surface on the central conductor. Between the electrode tip and the second external thread, the base body has a region with non-rotationally symmetrical cross section, so that it can be gripped positively in the direction of rotation about its longitudinal axis with a suitable Einschraubwerkzeug for screwing or unscrewing of the main body in the central head of Working electrode and for securing the same against rotation when tightening a arranged on the second external thread nut-like stop member for generating a duck bias between the contact surface of the stop member and the stop surface of the central conductor. Preferably, the base body for this purpose in the area between the electrode tip and the second thread at least a pair of parallel mirror surfaces, which can cooperate with a wrench of suitable size. Furthermore, the base body between the first external thread and the second external thread on a expansion shaft, preferably with a Dehnschaftlänge of at least twice, preferably at least four times the diameter of the first external thread.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Wechselteils umfasst dieses des Weiteren, angeordnet auf dem zweiten Aussengewinde, ein Anschlagelement mit einer Kontaktfläche zum axialen Angrenzen an eine Anschlagfläche des zentralen Leiters, welches bevorzugterweise ebenfalls mindestens zwei parallele Spiegelflächen zum formschlüssigen Zusammenwirken mit einem Gabelschlüssel aufweist.In a preferred embodiment of the interchangeable part, this further comprises, arranged on the second external thread, a stop element with a contact surface for axial abutment against a stop surface of the central conductor, which preferably also has at least two parallel mirror surfaces for positive engagement with a fork wrench.
Ein dritter Aspekt der Erfindung betrifft ein anderes Wechselteil für eine Arbeitselektrode gemäss dem ersten Aspekt der Erfindung. Das Wechselteil weist ebenfalls einen langgestreckten elektrisch leitenden, bevorzugterweise metallischen Grundkörper auf, welcher an einem Ende ein Innengewinde trägt zum Befestigen des wechselteils an einem zentralen Leiter einer Arbeitselektrode und an seinem anderen Ende in eine Elektrodenspitze ausläuft. Zwischen der Elektrodenspitze und dem Innengewinde ist eine Anschlagschulter zum axialen Anschlagen an einer Anschlagfläche des zentralen Leiters angeordnet. Zudem weist der Grundkörper zwischen der Anschlagschulter und der Elektrodenspitze einen Bereich mit nicht-rotationssymmetrischem Querschnitt auf, so dass er in Rotationsrichtung um seine Längsachse herum mit einem geeigneten Einschraubwerkzeug formschlüssig mitgenommen werden kann, zum Einschrauben des Grundkörpers in die Aufnahmeöffnung des zentralen Leiters der Arbeitselektrode zwecks Befestigung des Wechselteils am zentralen Leiter und Erzeugung einer Duckvorspannung zwischen der Kontaktfläche des Anschlagelements und der Anschlagfläche des zentralen Leiters. Bevorzugterweise weist der Grundkörper hierfür im Bereich zwischen der Elektrodenspitze und dem Anschlagelement mindestens ein Paar paralleler Spiegelflächen auf, welche mit einem Gabelschlüssel entsprechender Grösse ergriffen werden können. Zwischen dem Innengewinde und der Anschlagschulter ist der Grundkörper des Wechselteils als Dehnhülse ausgebildet ist, bevorzugterweise mit einer Dehnhülsenlänge, die mindesten dem Zweifachen, bevorzugterweise mindestens dem Vierfachen des Durchmessers ihres Innengewindes entspricht.A third aspect of the invention relates to another change part for a working electrode according to the first aspect of the invention. The interchangeable part also has an elongated electrically conductive, preferably metallic base body, which at one end carries an internal thread for fastening the interchangeable part to a central conductor of a working electrode and at its other end to an electrode tip. Between the electrode tip and the internal thread a stop shoulder for axial abutment is arranged on a stop face of the central conductor. In addition, the base body between the stop shoulder and the electrode tip on a region with non-rotationally symmetrical cross-section, so that it can be positively entrained in the direction of rotation about its longitudinal axis with a suitable Einschraubwerkzeug for screwing the main body in the receiving opening of the central conductor of the working electrode purpose Attachment of the replacement part to the central conductor and generation of a duck bias between the contact surface of the stop element and the stop surface of the central conductor. Preferably, the base body for this purpose in the region between the electrode tip and the stop element on at least a pair of parallel mirror surfaces, which can be grasped with a wrench of appropriate size. Between the internal thread and the stop shoulder of the main body of the removable part is designed as an expansion sleeve, preferably with a Dehnhülsenlänge which corresponds to at least twice, preferably at least four times the diameter of its internal thread.
Dabei ist es bevorzugt, wenn das Wechselteil einstückig ausgebildet ist.It is preferred if the removable part is integrally formed.
Auch ist es bevorzugt, wenn die Anschlagschulter von einem umlaufenden radialen Wulst des Wechselteils gebildet wird, welcher als Feldentlastung dienen kann.It is also preferred if the stop shoulder is formed by a circumferential radial bead of the removable part, which can serve as a field relief.
Die Wechselteile gemäss dem zweiten und dritten Aspekt der Erfindung stellen bevorzugte Handelswaren dar und ermöglichen den Bau von Arbeitselektroden, bei denen die Elektrodenspitze ohne Abkopplung der Elektrode vom Spannungszuführungssystem auf einfache Weise gewechselt werden kann.The change parts according to the second and third aspects of the invention are preferred commercial goods and allow the construction of working electrodes, in which the electrode tip can be changed easily without disconnecting the electrode from the voltage supply system.
Ein vierter Aspekt der Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung der Arbeitselektrode gemäss dem ersten Aspekt der Erfindung zum elektrodynamischen Fragmentieren von bevorzugterweise schlecht leitenden Materialien wie Beton oder Schlacke. Bei solchen Verwendungen treten die Vorteile der Erfindung besonders deutlich zu Tage.A fourth aspect of the invention relates to the use of the working electrode according to the first aspect of the invention for the electrodynamic fragmentation of preferably poorly conductive materials such as concrete or slag. In such uses, the benefits of the invention are particularly evident.
Weitere Ausgestaltungen, Vorteile und Anwendungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen und aus der nun folgenden Beschreibung anhand der Figuren. Dabei zeigen:
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Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch das Arbeitsende einer ersten erfindungsgemässen Arbeitselektrode; -
Fig. 2 eine Seitenansicht des erfindungsgemässen Wechselteils der Arbeitselektrode ausFig. 1 ; -
Fig. 3 einen Längsschnitt durch das Arbeitsende einer zweiten erfindungsgemässen Arbeitselektrode; -
Fig. 4 einen Längsschnitt durch das Arbeitsende einer dritten erfindungsgemässen Arbeitselektrode; und -
Fig. 5 einen Längsschnitt durch das Arbeitsende einer vierten erfindungsgemässen Arbeitselektrode.
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Fig. 1 a longitudinal section through the working end of a first inventive working electrode; -
Fig. 2 a side view of the inventive change part of the working electrodeFig. 1 ; -
Fig. 3 a longitudinal section through the working end of a second inventive working electrode; -
Fig. 4 a longitudinal section through the working end of a third inventive working electrode; and -
Fig. 5 a longitudinal section through the working end of a fourth inventive working electrode.
Wie in Zusammenschau mit
Soll bei der gezeigten Arbeitselektrode die Elektrodenspitze 3 gewechselt werden, sei es weil diese abgenutzt ist oder sei es weil eine Spitze aus einem anderen Material zum Einsatz kommen soll, so wird zuerst der zentrale Leiter 2 mittels eines in die zwei Stirnlöcher 23 eingreifenden Stirnlochschlüssels gegen ein Verdrehen im Isolator 1 gesichert und gegebenenfalls auch das Wechselteil 4 mittels eines die Spiegelflächen 12 ergreifenden Gabelschlüssels gegen ein Verdrehen im zentralen Leiter 2 gesichert und sodann die Mutter 10 auf dem zweiten Aussengewinde 16 mittels eines Schraubenschlüssels gelöst. Anschliessend wird das Wechselteil 4 mit Hilfe eines Gabelschlüssels aus dem zentralen Leiter 2 herausgeschraubt. Sodann wird ein neues bzw. anderes Wechselteil 4 in die zentrale Bohrung des zentralen Leiters 2 eingeschraubt und anschliessend die Mutter 10 dieses Wechselteils 4 zur Erzeugung der Druckvorspannung zwischen Kontaktfläche 5 und Anschlagfläche 6 mit einem bestimmten Drehmoment angezogen, wodurch der Dehnschaft 8 elastisch unter Zugspannung gedehnt wird. Dabei werden gleichzeitig zur Vermeidung einer Torsionsbeanspruchung des Dehnschafts 8 und zur Vermeidung einer Verdrehung des zentralen Leiters 2 im Isolator 1 das Wechselteil 4 mit einem Gabelschlüssel an den Spiegelflächen 12 und der zentrale Leiter 2 mittels eines in seine zwei Stirnlöcher 23 eingreifenden Stirnlochschlüssels gegen Verdrehen gesichert. Bevorzugterweise werden der Stirnlochschlüssel zur Sicherung des zentralen Leiters 2 gegen Verdrehen und der Gabelschlüssel zur Sicherung des Wechselteils 4 gegen Verdrehen von einem einzigen Spezialwerkzeug gebildet, so dass die Montage/Demontage vereinfacht wird und ein Verdrehen des Wechselteils 4 gegenüber dem zentralen Leiter 2 beim Anziehen bzw. Lösen der Mutter 10 von vornherein ausgeschlossen ist.If the
Soll bei der in
Während in der vorliegenden Anmeldung bevorzugte Ausführungen der Erfindung beschrieben sind, ist klar darauf hinzuweisen, dass die Erfindung nicht auf diese beschränkt ist und auch in anderer Weise innerhalb des Umfangs der nun folgenden Ansprüche ausgeführt werden kann.While preferred embodiments of the invention are described in the present application, it should be clearly understood that the invention is not limited thereto and otherwise within the scope of the following claims can be executed.
Claims (22)
- Working electrode for an electrodynamic fragmenting installation, comprising an insulator (1) with a central conductor (2), at the working end of which there is arranged an electrode tip (3) which is formed by an exchangeable changing part (4) wherein the changing part (4) in axial direction under compressive prestress adjoins, with a contact area (5), a stop area (6) at the working end of the central conductor (2) and at its end facing away from the electrode tip (3) is screwed together, by means of a first threaded connection (7), with the central conductor (2) characterized in that the changing part (4) between the first threaded connection (7) and the contact area (5) and/or the central conductor (2) between the first threaded connection (7) and the stop area (6) has an elongation area (8, 9).
- Working electrode according to claim 1, wherein the elongation area of the changing part and/or of the central conductor has a length of at least two times the diameter of the first threaded connection (7).
- Working electrode according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the elongation area (8, 9) of the changing part and/or of the central conductor is formed as anti-fatigue shaft (8), which in particular forms at one end the outer thread of the first threaded connection (7).
- Working electrode according to one of the claims 1 to 3, wherein the elongation area (8, 9) of the changing part and/or of the central conductor is formed as anti-fatigue sleeve (9), which in particular forms at one end the inner thread of the first threaded connection (7).
- Working electrode according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the changing part (4) is of one-piece design.
- Working electrode according to one of the claims 1 to 4, wherein the changing part (4) is formed by several parts.
- Working electrode according to claim 6, wherein the contact area (5) of the changing part (4) is formed by a stop member (10), which forms together with another part of the changing part (4), which part forms one mating half of the first threaded connection (7) and is formed as one piece together with the electrode tip (3), a second threaded connection (11).
- Working electrode according to claim 7, wherein the stop member is designed as screw nut (10), in particular as hexagonal nut (10) or as screw nut with frontal holes.
- Working electrode according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the changing part (4) between the electrode tip (3) and the contact area (5) has an area with a cross-section which is not rotationally symmetrical, in particular two parallel surfaces (12) for the positive interaction with a screwing tool, in particular with a flat spanner.
- Working electrode according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the changing part (4) in an area adjacent to its contact area (5) at its outer circumference has a circumferencial, radial bead (14).
- Working electrode according to claim 8 and to claim 10, wherein the screw nut (10) at its end facing the central conductor (2) has at its outer circumference a circumferencial, radial bead (14).
- Working electrode according to one of the preceding claims, wherein between the changing part (4) and the central conductor (2) there is arranged a gasket (13), in particular an O-Ring (13), to prevent process fluid from entering into an area formed between them, which area serves for fastening the changing part (4) at the central conductor (2).
- Working electrode according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the central conductor (2) in the area where it protrudes at the working end side out of the insulator (1) at its outer circumference has a circumferencial, radial bead (14).
- Working electrode according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the central conductor (2) in the area where it protrudes at the working end side out of the insulator (1) comprises an area having a cross-section which is not rotationally symmetrical, in particular comprises two parallel surfaces (12) for the positive interaction with a flat spanner.
- Working electrode according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the central conductor (2) at its working end sided face comprises at least two frontal holes (23), for the positive interaction with a face spanner.
- Working electrode according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrode tip (3) has the shape of a spherical calotte or of a rotation paraboloid.
- Changing part (4) for a working electrode according to one of the claims 1 to 11, comprising an elongate, electrically conductive base body, which carries at its first end a first outer thread (15) and at its other end ends in an electrode tip (3), wherein between the electrode tip (3) and the first outer thread (15) there is arranged a second outer thread (16), for engagement with a respective inner thread of a stop member (10), and wherein the base body between the electrode tip (3) and the second outer thread (16) comprises a cross-section that is not rotationally symmetrical, in particular comprises two parallel surfaces (12) for the positive interaction with a screwing tool, in particular with a flat spanner, and between the first outer thread (15) and the second outer thread (16) comprises an anti-fatigue shaft (8), which in particular has a length of at least two times the diameter of the first outer thread (15).
- Changing part (4) according to claim 17, further comprising a stop member (10) arranged on the second outer thread (16), which in particular has at least two parallel surfaces (12) for the positive interaction with a flat spanner.
- Changing part (4) for a working electrode according to one of the claims 1 to 11, comprising an elongate, electrically conductive base body (4), which carries at one end an inner thread (17) and at its other end ends in an electrode tip (3), wherein between the electrode tip (3) and the inner thread (17) there is arranged a stop shoulder (18), for axial abutment to a stop surface (6) at the working end of a central conductor (2) of the working electrode receiving the changing part, wherein the base body between the stop shoulder (18) and the electrode tip (3) comprises an area having a cross-section that is not rotationally symmetrical, in particular comprises at least two parallel surfaces (12) for the positive interaction with a screwing tool, in particular with a flat spanner, and between the inner thread (17) and the stop shoulder (18) is formed as an anti-fatigue sleeve (9), in particular over a length of at least two times the diameter of the inner thread (17).
- Changing part (4) according to claim 19, characterized in that it is of one-piece design.
- Changing part (4) according to one of the claims 19 to 20, characterized in that the stop shoulder (18) is formed of a circumferencial radial bead (14) of the changing part (4).
- Use of the working electrode according to one of the claims 1 to 16 for the electrodynamic fragmentation of in particular poorly conductive material, in particular concrete or slag.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK10009321.0T DK2266701T3 (en) | 2006-02-15 | 2006-02-15 | Working electrode for an electrodynamic fragmentation plant |
EP10009321A EP2266701B1 (en) | 2006-02-15 | 2006-02-15 | Work electrode for an electrodynamic fragmentation assembly |
AT10009321T ATE549089T1 (en) | 2006-02-15 | 2006-02-15 | WORKING ELECTRODE FOR AN ELECTRODYNAMIC FRAGMENTATION SYSTEM |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CH2006/000100 WO2007093063A1 (en) | 2006-02-15 | 2006-02-15 | Working electrode for an electrodynamic fragmenting installation |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10009321.0 Division-Into | 2010-09-08 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2026907A1 EP2026907A1 (en) | 2009-02-25 |
EP2026907B1 true EP2026907B1 (en) | 2010-11-17 |
Family
ID=37045918
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06701855A Active EP2026907B1 (en) | 2006-02-15 | 2006-02-15 | Working electrode for an electrodynamic fragmenting installation |
EP10009321A Not-in-force EP2266701B1 (en) | 2006-02-15 | 2006-02-15 | Work electrode for an electrodynamic fragmentation assembly |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10009321A Not-in-force EP2266701B1 (en) | 2006-02-15 | 2006-02-15 | Work electrode for an electrodynamic fragmentation assembly |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8125129B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP2026907B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5049297B2 (en) |
AT (2) | ATE549089T1 (en) |
AU (2) | AU2006338157C1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2642411C (en) |
DE (1) | DE502006008364D1 (en) |
DK (2) | DK2266701T3 (en) |
ES (2) | ES2353901T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007093063A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102010015343B4 (en) * | 2010-04-17 | 2018-04-05 | Borgwarner Ludwigsburg Gmbh | HF ignition device and method for its production |
CA2850980C (en) | 2011-10-10 | 2018-05-01 | Selfrag Ag | Method of fragmenting and/or weakening of material by means of high voltage discharges |
RU2596987C1 (en) * | 2012-08-24 | 2016-09-10 | Зельфраг Аг | Method and device for fragmentation and/or weakening of material by means of high-voltage pulses |
EP2910620A4 (en) * | 2012-10-17 | 2016-06-08 | Ube Industries | Wavelength conversion member and light-emitting device employing same |
CN105845123B (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2019-04-19 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of discharge electrode head of the strong sound source of high-power underwater plasma |
CN109551067B (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2023-12-22 | 崇义章源钨业股份有限公司 | spark machine electrode |
RU2733413C1 (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-10-01 | Сергей Николаевич Ким | Stable working electrode for electrohydraulic and electric pulse devices |
Family Cites Families (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS5914893U (en) * | 1982-07-15 | 1984-01-28 | 青木 直 | stone breaking device |
US4458153A (en) | 1982-09-13 | 1984-07-03 | Wesley Richard H | Organism destruction by electrohydraulic discharge within a pulsed magnetic field envelope |
JPS607948A (en) * | 1983-06-29 | 1985-01-16 | 大山 孝一 | Hard material destructing apparatus |
JPS6198897A (en) * | 1984-10-19 | 1986-05-17 | 株式会社 スギノマシン | Method and device for crushing brittle body |
SU1708314A1 (en) | 1987-12-30 | 1992-01-30 | Предприятие П/Я А-7094 | Underwater discharge tube for crushing concrements |
JPH03113110A (en) * | 1989-09-25 | 1991-05-14 | Masahiko Kono | Structural body of anchor bolt |
SU1781892A1 (en) | 1989-12-28 | 1996-08-10 | Экспериментальный кооператив "ЭГИДА-А" | High-voltage electrode |
SU1790069A1 (en) | 1990-04-06 | 1996-08-10 | Экспериментальный кооператив "ЭГИДА-А" | High-voltage electrode of plant for electrohydraulic grinding |
US5420473A (en) | 1993-10-12 | 1995-05-30 | Thomas; Howard C. | Spark gap electrode assembly for lithotripters |
JPH09192526A (en) * | 1996-01-12 | 1997-07-29 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Discharge crusher |
JP2000018227A (en) * | 1998-07-03 | 2000-01-18 | Hazama Gumi Ltd | Double bolt and position regulating tool |
JP2001248623A (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2001-09-14 | Mitsubishi Motors Corp | Bolt tightening structure |
JP3563363B2 (en) * | 2000-12-08 | 2004-09-08 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Electrode for crusher and crusher |
JP4887574B2 (en) | 2001-06-19 | 2012-02-29 | 株式会社熊谷組 | Crusher electrode and crusher |
JP2003126724A (en) * | 2001-10-26 | 2003-05-07 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Connector for coaxial conductors, electrode for crushing apparatus, and crushing apparatus |
GB0203252D0 (en) * | 2002-02-12 | 2002-03-27 | Univ Strathclyde | Plasma channel drilling process |
JP4326191B2 (en) * | 2002-07-16 | 2009-09-02 | 株式会社ジェイテクト | Pin type cage |
JP4255305B2 (en) * | 2003-04-18 | 2009-04-15 | 株式会社小松製作所 | Wedge device for rock crushing, and wedge and wedge guide used therefor |
US20050150668A1 (en) | 2003-12-29 | 2005-07-14 | Jim Williamson | Box scraper with scarifier |
JP2005194832A (en) * | 2004-01-09 | 2005-07-21 | Sanko Techno Co Ltd | Anchor |
-
2006
- 2006-02-15 WO PCT/CH2006/000100 patent/WO2007093063A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-02-15 DK DK10009321.0T patent/DK2266701T3/en active
- 2006-02-15 EP EP06701855A patent/EP2026907B1/en active Active
- 2006-02-15 AU AU2006338157A patent/AU2006338157C1/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-02-15 JP JP2008554572A patent/JP5049297B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-02-15 DE DE502006008364T patent/DE502006008364D1/en active Active
- 2006-02-15 AT AT10009321T patent/ATE549089T1/en active
- 2006-02-15 ES ES06701855T patent/ES2353901T3/en active Active
- 2006-02-15 ES ES10009321T patent/ES2383785T3/en active Active
- 2006-02-15 AT AT06701855T patent/ATE488299T1/en active
- 2006-02-15 EP EP10009321A patent/EP2266701B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-02-15 US US12/278,750 patent/US8125129B2/en active Active
- 2006-02-15 CA CA2642411A patent/CA2642411C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-02-15 DK DK06701855.6T patent/DK2026907T3/en active
-
2011
- 2011-01-11 AU AU2011200094A patent/AU2011200094B2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2266701A1 (en) | 2010-12-29 |
JP5049297B2 (en) | 2012-10-17 |
AU2006338157B2 (en) | 2010-11-11 |
AU2006338157C1 (en) | 2011-05-19 |
US8125129B2 (en) | 2012-02-28 |
US20090153009A1 (en) | 2009-06-18 |
CA2642411C (en) | 2013-08-13 |
AU2006338157A1 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
ES2383785T3 (en) | 2012-06-26 |
DK2266701T3 (en) | 2012-07-09 |
CA2642411A1 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
ATE488299T1 (en) | 2010-12-15 |
DE502006008364D1 (en) | 2010-12-30 |
WO2007093063A1 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
JP2009526636A (en) | 2009-07-23 |
ATE549089T1 (en) | 2012-03-15 |
AU2011200094A1 (en) | 2011-01-27 |
DK2026907T3 (en) | 2011-02-28 |
EP2266701B1 (en) | 2012-03-14 |
AU2011200094B2 (en) | 2013-01-10 |
ES2353901T3 (en) | 2011-03-08 |
EP2026907A1 (en) | 2009-02-25 |
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