EP2025039A1 - Cross-coupled filter - Google Patents

Cross-coupled filter

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Publication number
EP2025039A1
EP2025039A1 EP07729806A EP07729806A EP2025039A1 EP 2025039 A1 EP2025039 A1 EP 2025039A1 EP 07729806 A EP07729806 A EP 07729806A EP 07729806 A EP07729806 A EP 07729806A EP 2025039 A1 EP2025039 A1 EP 2025039A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stub
filter
microwave
axis
stubs
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07729806A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2025039B1 (en
Inventor
Pablo Sarasa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thales SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thales SA filed Critical Thales SA
Publication of EP2025039A1 publication Critical patent/EP2025039A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2025039B1 publication Critical patent/EP2025039B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/207—Hollow waveguide filters
    • H01P1/209—Hollow waveguide filters comprising one or more branching arms or cavities wholly outside the main waveguide
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
    • H01P3/12—Hollow waveguides
    • H01P3/123—Hollow waveguides with a complex or stepped cross-section, e.g. ridged or grooved waveguides
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49016—Antenna or wave energy "plumbing" making

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a microwave waveguide and its method of production, as well as its application to a microwave filter and in particular a very high power microwave filter. It is more particularly applicable to filters comprising short-circuit transmission lines and adjustable lengths known as stubs in the art and used to produce impedances.
  • the invention also relates to a microwave transmission / reception station using the microwave filter applicable in particular in the space domain.
  • microwave filters are needed. This is the case, for example in the space domain where the transmission power must be particularly high and where the filters used must be effective at high power to have a maximum transmission power. This is the case, for example, in direct satellite transmission systems. The satellite must then be able to transmit at maximum power. But the invention is applicable in any other field where one must operate at high power.
  • This multipactor effec is caused by a concentration of the electromagnetic field that pulls electrons on the walls of the guide. The electrons are then accelerated towards the opposite wall of the guide. The impact of these electrons on this wall in turn causes tearing of electrons and so on. There is thus an electron avalanche phenomenon which degrades the electrical performance of the guide and which can lead to a destruction of the guide.
  • Multipactor power handling is the maximum power at which a component can be used without triggering the Multipactor effect.
  • V mult i The multipactor threshold voltage (V mult i) is dependent on the type of hardware used for waveguide fabrication, but this voltage is always proportional to the product frequency - critical distance between plates (fxd).
  • VMF Voltage Magnification Factor
  • the object of the invention is to solve these problems and to provide a hyperfrequency guide and microwave filters in which the multipactor power handling has been significantly increased.
  • the invention therefore relates to a method for producing a microwave waveguide comprising the following steps: a step of determining the critical zone (s) of the waveguide where a concentration of the electric field occurs, a step of producing a waveguide; at least one widening of the waveguide in the zone or zones thus determined.
  • This method is applicable to the realization of a hypex frequency filter comprising short-circuit transmission lines and adjustable lengths, such as stubs.
  • This method comprises: a step of determining, in the stubs, critical zones where electric field concentrations occur,
  • each enlargement is located at a distance of ⁇ g / 4 from the short circuit zone of the stub, ⁇ g being a guided wavelength belonging to the range of operating wavelengths of the filter.
  • the invention also relates to a hyperfrequency filter produced by this method.
  • Each stub is in the form of a Latin cross in which the horizontal arms perpendicular to the axis of the stub correspond to said enlargements.
  • the horizontal arms are of unequal lengths.
  • at least one horizontal arm comprises sections of different dimensions. The section closest to the stub axis is larger than the section or sections farther from the axis of the sf ub.
  • at least one horizontal arm has sections of different dimensions, the section closest to the axis of the stub is smaller than the more distant sections or the axis of the stub.
  • each horizontal stackras is inclined relative to the axis of the stub.
  • each horizontal arm has a curved shape.
  • the invention is also applicable to a microwave transmission / reception station using the microwave filter thus described.
  • This station then comprises:
  • a first diplexer for horizontal polarization signals and comprising a first reception filter and a first transmission filter as described above,
  • FIG. 1 A second diplexer for signals of vertical polarization and comprising a second reception filter and a second transmission filter as described above, a separator / combiner of polarization modes comprising a first access for the connected horizontal polarization signals; to the first diplexer, a second port for the vertical bias signals connected to the second diplexer, and a third port connected to a transmit / receive horn.
  • FIGS. 1a a representation of a guide for explaining the object of the invent ion
  • Figure Ib an embodiment of a guide according 1'inven tion
  • Figure 2 an embodiment of a filter according to the invention
  • Figure 3 a microwave filter with stubs with a low multipactor power carrying capacity and presenting a risk of triggering the multi-factor effect
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b exemplary embodiments of a microwave filter comprising stubs according to the invention
  • FIGS. 5a to 5e different embodiments of the stubs of a microwave filter
  • FIGS. 6a to 6c and 7a to 7c alternative embodiments of stubs according to the invention
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION Figure la represents a waveguide g 1 allowing the propagation of a wave type rfr equence.
  • changes in electromagnetic energy levels are detectable in the guide.
  • FIG. 1a these variations of energy levels are illustrated. Concentrations of energy appear.
  • a maximum cl can be at the origin of a multipactor effect as described above. We can then have a deterioration of the zone zi of the guide.
  • the invention therefore provides for the identification and localization of zones, such as zl, in which there can be energy concentrations and to achieve enlargements of the guide in these zones.
  • FIG. 1b thus represents an example of a guide according to the invention in which the walls of the guide g1 comprise a widening ell. This enlargement is carried out in such a way that the concentration of energy in zone z1 can not give rise to a multipactor effect.
  • FIG. 2 shows a portion of a filter having impedance matching elements coupled in shunt on the main guide and terminating in short circuits. Such elements are referred to as stubs in the art and will therefore be referred to by this term in the following description. It is found that the stubs of the filters are the seat of concentrations of electromagnetic energy. To avoid the creation of multipactor effects in the stubs, expansion is therefore expected in the energy concentration zones.
  • a stub such as st1, in FIG. 2, for a given wavelength ⁇ g, the maximum of concentrate; energy is produced at a distance ⁇ g / 4 from the short circuit side cc1 of the stub.
  • the invention therefore provides enlargements el2 and el3 on the two guide walls of the stub.
  • the stub is then in the form of a Latin cross whose horizontal arms are perpendicular to the X axis of the stub stl and which form the extensions el2 el3.
  • FIG. 3 represents a filter of known type g3 having six stubs st2 to st7. A maximum of energy capable of creating a multipactor effect is found, in zone z3, in the stubs st4 and st5.
  • the invention avoids this multipactor effect.
  • the st4 and st5 tubs have enlargements e4 and e5 at the zone z3.
  • the location of these enlargements has been made as previously described.
  • the distance between stubs may not allow to predict these enlargements in a filter of the type of that of Figure 3. It is then expected to distribute the stubs on either side of the main axis of the filter .
  • a configuration as shown in FIG. 4b is then obtained.
  • this configuration provides for enlargements f2 to f7 on all the st'2 st '7 stubs.
  • FIGS. 5b and 5c show sul stubs comprising enlargements eul and eu2 as described above.
  • the eu2 enlargement is deeper than the eul enlargement and is provided for an initial energy concentration in the stub of Figure 5c greater than that of the stub of Figure 5b.
  • the stub of Figure 5d has enlargements with different sections.
  • a first enlargement eu3 is of relatively large size and this enlargement has a second enlargement eu '3 of smaller dimension.
  • the enlargements are symmetrical with respect to the X axis of the stubs.
  • Figure 6a shows a stub which has an enlargement which itself has an enlargement of larger size.
  • the enlargements are symmetrical with respect to the X axis of the stub and the enlargement eu '5 is symmetrical with respect to the Y axis of the eu5 enlargement.
  • FIG. 6b represents a stub of the same type as that of FIG. 6a but in which the enlargement eu '6 is not symmetrical with respect to the Y axis of eu6 enlargement.
  • FIG. 6c shows a stub which has an enlargement on one side of the X axis of the stub and which has, on the other side of the X axis, an enlargement which itself has an enlargement 7 of larger size.
  • the walls of the enlargements have curved surfaces as shown in FIG. 7b.
  • the faces of the ends fall of the enlargements eu11 may be of curved shapes.
  • the stubs as described in the invention have a volume greater than that without enlargement shown in Figure 5a. This increase in volume results in a significant reduction of ohmic losses.
  • This invention can therefore be used to reduce the ohmic losses of a waveguide and especially in a filter.
  • FIG. 8 will now be described an example of application of such a filter in a transmitting / receiving equipment embedded in a satellite. Such equipment must be able to transmit and receive signals at different energy levels. It must emit at a maximum energy level and receives relatively weak signals.
  • the equipment of FIG. 8 comprises a single CO cone common to transmission and reception.
  • DXH and DXV diplexer filters for the horizontal and vertical polarizations respectively are connected to the ports e1 and e2 of a separator eur / OMT polarization mode combiner which is connected via its access e3 to the CO transmit / receive horn.
  • the reception filters FIRxH and FIRxV can be of relatively low operating powers.
  • the emission filters FITxH and FITxV must be able to operate at high powers.
  • the emission filters FITxH and FITxV are designed according to the invention to allow high powers. It is then possible to produce an equipment as shown in FIG. 8 with a single CO horn for transmission and reception.
  • the invention therefore makes it possible to obtain in a guide and more particularly in a filter: a strong increase in power handling avoiding the effects of muitipactor, - a reduction in ohmic losses, a structure fully compatible with the manufacturing methods currently used for stub filters which guarantee Passive Intermodulation Products values.
  • Tx transmit
  • Rx Receive

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Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the production of a microwave waveguide having a step of determining the zone or zones of the waveguide where an electric field concentration occurs. A step of produces at least one enlargement of the waveguide in the zone or zones thus determined. The invention also relates to a microwave filter in which the stubs are provided with such enlargement. The invention has application in microwave filters.

Description

FILTRE A CROIX CROSS FILTER
L'invention concerne un guide d'ondes hyperfréquences et son procédé de réalisation, ainsi que son application à un filtre hyperfréquence et notamment un filtre hyperfréquence de très forte puissance. Elle est applicable plus particulièrement à des filtres comportant des lignes de transmission en court-circuit et de longueurs ajustables appelées stubs dans la technique et utilisées pour réaliser des impédances.The invention relates to a microwave waveguide and its method of production, as well as its application to a microwave filter and in particular a very high power microwave filter. It is more particularly applicable to filters comprising short-circuit transmission lines and adjustable lengths known as stubs in the art and used to produce impedances.
L'invention concerne également une station d'émission/réception hyperfréquence utilisant le filtre hyperfréquence applicable notamment dans le domaine spatial .The invention also relates to a microwave transmission / reception station using the microwave filter applicable in particular in the space domain.
ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUESTATE OF THE ART
Dans certains domaines d'applications, on a besoin de filtres hyperfréquences de très forte puissance. C'est le cas, par exemple dans le domaine spatial où la puissance d'émission doit être particulièrement élevée et où les filtres utilisés doivent être efficaces à fortes puissances pour disposer d'une puissance d'émission maximale. C'est le cas, par exemple, dans les systèmes de transmission directe par satellite. Le satellite doit alors pouvoir émettre à une puissance maximale. Mais l'invention est applicable dans tout autre domaine où l'on doit fonctionner à forte puissance.In certain areas of applications, very high power microwave filters are needed. This is the case, for example in the space domain where the transmission power must be particularly high and where the filters used must be effective at high power to have a maximum transmission power. This is the case, for example, in direct satellite transmission systems. The satellite must then be able to transmit at maximum power. But the invention is applicable in any other field where one must operate at high power.
Lorsqu'un guide d'onde est utilisé dans le videWhen a waveguide is used in a vacuum
(applications spatiales) et dans le cas de guides d'ondes de fortes puissances on peut déclencher dans certaines zones du guide une avalanche d'électrons appelée effet, multipactor.space applications) and in the case of high power waveguides it is possible to trigger areas of the guide an avalanche of electrons called effect, multipactor.
Cet effec multipactor est provoqué par une concentration du champ électromagnétique qui arrache des électrons sur les parois du guide. Les électrons sont alors accélérés vers la paroi opposée du guide. IJ 'impact de ces électrons sur cette paroi provoque à son tour un arrachement d'électrons et ainsi de suite. On assiste ainsi à un phénomène d'avalanche d'électrons qui dégrade les performances électriques du guide et qui peut conduire à une destruction du guide.This multipactor effec is caused by a concentration of the electromagnetic field that pulls electrons on the walls of the guide. The electrons are then accelerated towards the opposite wall of the guide. The impact of these electrons on this wall in turn causes tearing of electrons and so on. There is thus an electron avalanche phenomenon which degrades the electrical performance of the guide and which can lead to a destruction of the guide.
Ce phénomène se produit donc notamment dans le domaine spatial où les guides fonctionnent dans le vide en l'absence de molécules d'air. La tenue en puissance Multipactor est la puissance maximale à laquelle on peut utiliser un composant sans déclencher l'effet Multipactor. Cette puissance seuil peut être calculée entre deux plaques parallèles à partir de l'équation suivante : P = ( 1 /VMF2 ) . (Vmultl 2/2 ZO)This phenomenon therefore occurs especially in the space field where the guides operate in a vacuum in the absence of air molecules. Multipactor power handling is the maximum power at which a component can be used without triggering the Multipactor effect. This threshold power can be calculated between two parallel plates from the following equation: P = (1 / VMF 2 ). (V multl 2 / 2Z O )
• La tension seuil multipactor (Vmulti) est dépendante du type de matériel utilisé pour la fabrication du guide d'onde, mais cette tension est toujours proportionnelle au produit fréquence - distance critique entre les plaques (f x d) .• The multipactor threshold voltage (V mult i) is dependent on the type of hardware used for waveguide fabrication, but this voltage is always proportional to the product frequency - critical distance between plates (fxd).
• Le VMF ("Voltage Magnification Factor") est le rapport entre la tension à l'endroit du calcul et la tension à l'entrée du composant. Ce VMF augmente avec la concentration de champ entre les deux plaques à l'endroit de calcul . • L'impédance (Z0) dépend du standard de g^ide utilisé et de la fréquence de travail (normalement fixés par 1 ' application)• The VMF (Voltage Magnification Factor) is the ratio between the voltage at the point of computation and the voltage at the input of the component. This VMF increases with the field concentration between the two plates at the place of computation. • The impedance (Z 0 ) depends on the scale standard used and the working frequency (normally set by the application)
Pour réduire cet effet multipactor on peut soit écarter les parois du guide d'ondes pour augmenter Vnu Cl soit réduire la concentration du champ électrique pour diminuer le VMF.To reduce this multipactor effect one can either move the walls of the waveguide to increase V nu Cl or reduce the concentration of the electric field to reduce the VMF.
Ces deux solutions posent des problèmes. Si on envisage d'écarter les parois du guide, on réduit la plage de fréquences de fonctionnement et le dispositif aura des difficultés d'adaptation du guide pour toutes les fréquences de gamme de fonctionnement.These two solutions pose problems. If it is envisaged to remove the walls of the guide, the operating frequency range is reduced and the device will have difficulties in adapting the guide for all operating range frequencies.
Pour réduire la concentration du champ électrique à l'endroit critique, il faut modifier la topologie des dispositifs, voire même, dans le cas de filtres, changer de types de filtres.To reduce the concentration of the electric field at the critical point, it is necessary to modify the topology of the devices, or even, in the case of filters, to change the types of filters.
L'invention a pour objet de résoudre ces problèmes et de fournir un guide hyperf réquence et des filtres hyperf réquences dans lesquels la tenue en puissance multipactor a été augmentée notablement . RESUME DE L'INVENTIONThe object of the invention is to solve these problems and to provide a hyperfrequency guide and microwave filters in which the multipactor power handling has been significantly increased. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
L' invention concerne donc un procédé de réalisation d'un guide d'ondes hyperf réquences comportant les étapes suivantes: une étape de détermination de la ou des zones critiques du guide où se produit une concentration du champ électrique, une étape de réalisation d'au moins un élargissement du guide d'onde dans la ou les zones ainsi déterminées. Ce procédé est applicable à la réalisation d'un filtre hypex fréquence comportant des lignes de transmission en court -circui t et de longueurs ajustables, telles que des stubs. Ce procédé comporte : - une étape de détermination, dans les stubs, de zones critiques où se produisent des concentrations du champ électrique,The invention therefore relates to a method for producing a microwave waveguide comprising the following steps: a step of determining the critical zone (s) of the waveguide where a concentration of the electric field occurs, a step of producing a waveguide; at least one widening of the waveguide in the zone or zones thus determined. This method is applicable to the realization of a hypex frequency filter comprising short-circuit transmission lines and adjustable lengths, such as stubs. This method comprises: a step of determining, in the stubs, critical zones where electric field concentrations occur,
- une étape de réalisation d'au moins an élargissement des stubs dans la ou les zones ainsi déterminées.a step of producing at least one enlargement of the stubs in the zone or zones thus determined.
Avantageusement, chaque élargissement est situé à une distance de λg/4 de la zone de court circuit du stub, λg étant une longueur d'onde guidée appartenant à la gamme de longueurs d'ondes de fonctionnement du filtre.Advantageously, each enlargement is located at a distance of λg / 4 from the short circuit zone of the stub, λg being a guided wavelength belonging to the range of operating wavelengths of the filter.
L'invention concerne également un filtre hyperf r équence réalisé par ce procédé. Chaque stub se présente sous forme d'une croix latine dans laquelle les bras horizontaux perpendiculaires à 1 'axe du stub correspondent aux dits élargi ssements .The invention also relates to a hyperfrequency filter produced by this method. Each stub is in the form of a Latin cross in which the horizontal arms perpendicular to the axis of the stub correspond to said enlargements.
Selon une forme de réalisation de 1 'invention, les bras horizontaux sont de longueurs inégales. Selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention, au moins un bras horizontal comporte des sections de dimensions différentes. La section la plus proche de l'axe du stub est plus grande qαe la ou les sections plus éloignées de l'axe du sf ub . Selon αne autre variante de réalisation, au moins un bras horizontal comporte des sections de dimensions différentes, la section la plus proche de l'axe du stub étant plus petite que la ou les sections plus éloignées de l'axe du stub.According to one embodiment of the invention, the horizontal arms are of unequal lengths. According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, at least one horizontal arm comprises sections of different dimensions. The section closest to the stub axis is larger than the section or sections farther from the axis of the sf ub. According to another embodiment, at least one horizontal arm has sections of different dimensions, the section closest to the axis of the stub is smaller than the more distant sections or the axis of the stub.
On peut également prévoir que la face d'extrémité de chaque ùras horizontal soit inclinée par rapport à l'axe du stub.It can also be provided that the end face of each horizontal soitras is inclined relative to the axis of the stub.
Selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention, il est égalment possible de prévoir que la face d'extrémité de chaque bras horizontal possède une forme courbe.According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, it is also possible to provide that the end face of each horizontal arm has a curved shape.
L'invention est également applicable à une station d ' émi ss iσn/récept ion hyperf réquence utilisant le filtre hyperfréquence ainsi décrit. Cette station comporte alors:The invention is also applicable to a microwave transmission / reception station using the microwave filter thus described. This station then comprises:
- un premier diplexeur pour des signaux de polarisation horizontale et comportant un premier filtre de réception et un premier filtre d'émission tel que décrit précédemment,a first diplexer for horizontal polarization signals and comprising a first reception filter and a first transmission filter as described above,
- un deuxième diplexeur pour des signaux de polarisation verticale et comportant un deuxième filtre de réception et un deuxième filtre d'émission tel que décrit précédemment, - un sépa rat eur/ combmeur de modes polarisations comportant un premier accès pour les signaux de polarisation horizontale connecté au premier diplexeur, un deuxième accès pour les signaux de polarisation verticale connecté au deuxième diplexeur, et un troisième accès connecté à an cornet d'émission/réception. BREVE DESCRIPTION DES FIGURES lies différents objets et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront plus clairement dans la description qui va suivre et dans les figures annexées qui représentent: la figure la, une représentation d'un guide permettant d'expliquer l'objet de 1 ' invent ion, la figure Ib, un exemple de réalisation d'un guide selon l'i nven t ion , la figure 2, un exemple de réalisation d'un filtre selon l'invention, la figure 3, un filtre hyperfréquence comportant des stubs avec une tenue en puissance multipactor faible et présentant un risque de déclenchement de l'effet mul tipactor, les figures 4a et 4b, des exemples de réalisation d'un filtre hyperfréquence comportant des stubs selon l'invention, les figures 5a à 5e, différentes formes de réalisation des stubs d'un filtre hyperfréquence , les figures 6a à 6c et 7a à 7c, des variantes de réalisation de stubs selon 1 ' invent ion , la figure 8, un exemple d'application de l'invention à un émet teur/ récepteur hyper fréquence . DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE IJa figure la représente un guide d'onde g 1 permettant la propagation d'une onde hype r f r équence . Comme cela est connu, des variations de niveaux d'énergie électromagnétique sont détectables dans le guide. Sur la figure la, on a illustré ces variations de niveaux d'énergie. Des concentrations d'énergie apparaissent. Notamment, dans la zone zl du guide, un maximum cl peut être à l'origine d'un effet multipactor tel qu'il a été décrit précédemment. On peut alors avoir une détérioration de la zone zi du guide.a second diplexer for signals of vertical polarization and comprising a second reception filter and a second transmission filter as described above, a separator / combiner of polarization modes comprising a first access for the connected horizontal polarization signals; to the first diplexer, a second port for the vertical bias signals connected to the second diplexer, and a third port connected to a transmit / receive horn. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES related to different objects and features of the invention will appear more clearly in the description which follows and in the appended figures which represent: FIG. 1a, a representation of a guide for explaining the object of the invent ion, Figure Ib, an embodiment of a guide according 1'inven tion, Figure 2, an embodiment of a filter according to the invention, Figure 3, a microwave filter with stubs with a low multipactor power carrying capacity and presenting a risk of triggering the multi-factor effect, FIGS. 4a and 4b, exemplary embodiments of a microwave filter comprising stubs according to the invention, FIGS. 5a to 5e, different embodiments of the stubs of a microwave filter, FIGS. 6a to 6c and 7a to 7c, alternative embodiments of stubs according to the invention, FIG. 8, an example of application of the invention to an emitter r / hyper frequency receiver. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Figure la represents a waveguide g 1 allowing the propagation of a wave type rfr equence. As is known, changes in electromagnetic energy levels are detectable in the guide. In FIG. 1a, these variations of energy levels are illustrated. Concentrations of energy appear. In particular, in the zone z1 of the guide, a maximum cl can be at the origin of a multipactor effect as described above. We can then have a deterioration of the zone zi of the guide.
Pour remédier à cela, l'invention prévoit donc d'identifier et de localiser les zones, telle que zl, dans lesquelles il peut y avoir des concentrations d'énergie et de réaliser des élargissements du guide dans ces zones.To remedy this, the invention therefore provides for the identification and localization of zones, such as zl, in which there can be energy concentrations and to achieve enlargements of the guide in these zones.
La figure Ib représente donc un exemple de guide selon l'invention dans lequel les parois du guide gl comportent un élargissement ell. Cet élargissement est réalisé de telle façon que la concentration d'énergie dans la zone zl ne puisse pas donner lieu à un effet multipactor.FIG. 1b thus represents an example of a guide according to the invention in which the walls of the guide g1 comprise a widening ell. This enlargement is carried out in such a way that the concentration of energy in zone z1 can not give rise to a multipactor effect.
L'invention est également applicable à la réalisation de filtres hyperf réquence s . La figure 2 représente une portion d'un filtre comportant des éléments d'adaptation d' impédance couplés en dérivation sur le guide principal et qui se terminent par des courts- circuits. De tels éléments sont appelés stubs dans la technique et seront donc désignés par ce terme dans la suite de la description. On constate que les stubs des filtres sont le siège de concentrations d'énergie électromagnétique. Pour éviter la création d'effets multipactors dans les stubs, on prévoit donc un élargissement dans les zones de concentration d'énergie.The invention is also applicable to the production of hyperfrequency filters. FIG. 2 shows a portion of a filter having impedance matching elements coupled in shunt on the main guide and terminating in short circuits. Such elements are referred to as stubs in the art and will therefore be referred to by this term in the following description. It is found that the stubs of the filters are the seat of concentrations of electromagnetic energy. To avoid the creation of multipactor effects in the stubs, expansion is therefore expected in the energy concentration zones.
Dans un stub, tel que stl, sur la figure 2, pour une longueur d'onde λg donnée, le maximum de concentrât; i on d'énergie se produit à une distance λg/4 de la face de court circuit ccl du stub. A cette distance de ccl, l'invention prévoit donc des élargissements el2 et el3 sur les deux parois de guidage du stub. Le stub a alors la forme d'une croix latine dont les bras horizontaux sont perpendiculaires à l'axe X du stub stl et qui forment les élargissements el2 el3.In a stub, such as st1, in FIG. 2, for a given wavelength λg, the maximum of concentrate; energy is produced at a distance λg / 4 from the short circuit side cc1 of the stub. At this distance cc1, the invention therefore provides enlargements el2 and el3 on the two guide walls of the stub. The stub is then in the form of a Latin cross whose horizontal arms are perpendicular to the X axis of the stub stl and which form the extensions el2 el3.
En se reportant aux figures 3, 4a et 4b, on va maintenant décrire un exemple d'application de l'invention à un filtre hyperfréquence comportant des stubs.Referring to Figures 3, 4a and 4b, will now be described an example of application of the invention to a microwave filter with stubs.
La figure 3 représente un filtre g3 de type connu comportant six stubs st2 à st7. Un maximum d'énergie susceptible de créer un effet multipactor est constaté, dans la zone z3 , dans les stubs st4 et st5.FIG. 3 represents a filter of known type g3 having six stubs st2 to st7. A maximum of energy capable of creating a multipactor effect is found, in zone z3, in the stubs st4 and st5.
L'invention permet d'éviter cet effet multipactor. Pour cela, comme représenté en figure 4a, les tubs st4 et st5 possèdent des élargissements e4 et e5 au niveau de la zone z3. La localisation de ces élargissements a été faite comme cela a été décrit précédemment. Cependant, dans certains cas, la distance entre stubs peut ne pas permettre de prévoir ces élargissements dans un filtre du type de celui de la figure 3. On prévoit alors de répartir les stubs de part et d'autre de l'axe principale du filtre. On obtient alors une configuration telle que représentée en figure 4b. De plus, cette configuration prévoit des élargissements f2 à f7 sur tous les stubs st'2 st ' 7. La concentration maximale d'énergie étant la plus élevée dans les stubs st'4 et st ' 5, les élargissements f4 et f5 de ces stubs seront plus grands que les élargissements f3 et f6 des stubs st ' 3 et st '6 et à plus forte raison que les élargissements f2 et f7 des stubs st'2 et st ' 7.The invention avoids this multipactor effect. For this, as shown in FIG. 4a, the st4 and st5 tubs have enlargements e4 and e5 at the zone z3. The location of these enlargements has been made as previously described. However, in some cases, the distance between stubs may not allow to predict these enlargements in a filter of the type of that of Figure 3. It is then expected to distribute the stubs on either side of the main axis of the filter . A configuration as shown in FIG. 4b is then obtained. Moreover, this configuration provides for enlargements f2 to f7 on all the st'2 st '7 stubs. The maximum concentration of energy being the highest in the st'4 and st' 5 stubs, the enlargements f4 and f5 of these stubs will be larger than the f3 and f6 expansions of the st'3 and st '6 stubs, let alone the f2 and f7 extensions of the st'2 and st' 7 stubs.
Les élargissements peuvent avoir différentes formes.Enlargements can have different forms.
Les figures 5b à 7c donnent différents exemples de ces formes. II s'agit d'éviter la formation d'un effet multipactor dans un stub sul représenté en figure 5a et dans lequel, sans élargissement selon l'invention, on aurait la naissance d'un effet mul tipactor. Les figures 5b et 5c représentent des stubs sul comportant des élargissements eul et eu2 tels que décrits précédemment. L'élargissement eu2 est plus profond que 1 'élargissement eul et est prévu pour une concentration initiale d'énergie dans le stub de la figure 5c supérieure à celle du stub de la figure 5b . Le stub de la figure 5d possède des élargissements présentant des sections différentes. Un premier élargissement eu3 est de dimension relativement importante et cet élargissement possède un deuxième élargissement eu '3 de dimension plus petite.Figures 5b to 7c give different examples of these forms. It is a question of avoiding the formation of a multipactor effect in a stub sul represented in FIG. 5a and in which, without enlargement according to the invention, one would have the birth of a mul tipactor effect. FIGS. 5b and 5c show sul stubs comprising enlargements eul and eu2 as described above. The eu2 enlargement is deeper than the eul enlargement and is provided for an initial energy concentration in the stub of Figure 5c greater than that of the stub of Figure 5b. The stub of Figure 5d has enlargements with different sections. A first enlargement eu3 is of relatively large size and this enlargement has a second enlargement eu '3 of smaller dimension.
Les élargissements eu4 et eu' 4 de la figure 5e sont de même type que ceux de la figure 5d mais sont de dimensions différentes pour être efficaces a des niveaux énergétiques différents.The enlargements eu4 and eu '4 of Figure 5e are of the same type as those of Figure 5d but are of different sizes to be effective at different energy levels.
Dans ces stubs, les élargissements sont symétriques par rapport à l'axe X des stubs.In these stubs, the enlargements are symmetrical with respect to the X axis of the stubs.
La figure 6a représente un stub qui possède un élargissement eu5 qui possède lui-même un élargissement eu ' 5 de plus grande dimension. Les élargissements sont symétriques par rapport a l'axe X du stub et l'élargissement eu ' 5 est symétrique par rapport à l'axe Y de l'élargissement eu5. La figure 6b représente un stub de même type que celui de la figure 6a mais dans lequel l'élargissement eu ' 6 n'est pas symétrique par rapport à l'axe Y de l'élargissement eu6.Figure 6a shows a stub which has an enlargement which itself has an enlargement of larger size. The enlargements are symmetrical with respect to the X axis of the stub and the enlargement eu '5 is symmetrical with respect to the Y axis of the eu5 enlargement. FIG. 6b represents a stub of the same type as that of FIG. 6a but in which the enlargement eu '6 is not symmetrical with respect to the Y axis of eu6 enlargement.
La figure 6c représente un stub qui possède un élargissement eu" 7 d'un côté de l'axe X du stub et qui possède, de l'autre côté de l'axe X , un élargissement eu7 qui possède lui même un élargissement eu' 7 de plus grande dimension.FIG. 6c shows a stub which has an enlargement on one side of the X axis of the stub and which has, on the other side of the X axis, an enlargement which itself has an enlargement 7 of larger size.
Il est donc prévu de réaliser des élargissements qui ne sont pas symétriques par raDDort aux axes (X) des stubs. Par ailleurs, on peut prévoir que les faces des extrémités des élargissements les plus éloignées de l'axe X d'un stub ne soient pas parallèles à l'axe X. C'est ce qui est représenté en figures 7a et 7b par les faces fa 9 et falO inclinées par rapport l'axe X.It is therefore planned to make enlargements that are not symmetrical by raDDort to the axes (X) of the stubs. Moreover, it can be provided that the faces of the ends of the widenings farthest from the X axis of a stub are not parallel to the X axis. This is shown in FIGS. 7a and 7b by the faces fa 9 and falO inclined relative to the axis X.
On peut également prévoir que les parois des élargissements présentent des surfaces courbes comme cela est représenté sur la figure 7b. Selon une autre variante de réalisation représentée par la figure 7c, les faces des extrémités fall des élargissements eull peuvent être de formes courbes.It is also possible that the walls of the enlargements have curved surfaces as shown in FIG. 7b. According to another embodiment variant shown in FIG. 7c, the faces of the ends fall of the enlargements eu11 may be of curved shapes.
Les différentes formes d'élargissements précédentes permettant d'éviter l'effet multipactor ont été décrites dans le cadre d'une application à des stubs d'un filtre, mais elles pourraient être appliquées à tout guide hyperf réquence . En prévoyant des stubs tels que décrits dans l'invention, la tenue en puissance du filtre peut être très fortement augmentée.The different forms of previous enlargements to avoid the multipactor effect have been described in the context of an application to stubs of a filter, but they could be applied to any hyperfrequency guide. By providing stubs as described in the invention, the power handling of the filter can be very greatly increased.
Par ailleurs, les stubs tels que décrits dans l'invention, ont un volume supérieur à celui sans élargissement représenté en figure 5a. Cette augmentation de volume résulte en une réduction significative des pertes ohmiques. On peut donc utiliser cette invention pour réduire les pertes ohmiques d'un guide d'onde et plus spécialement dans un filtre. En se reportant à la figure 8 on va maintenant décrire un exemple d'application d'un tel filtre dans un équipement d'émisκion/réception embarqué dans un satellite. Un tel équipement doit pouvoir émettre et recevoir des signaux à des niveaux d'énergie différents. Il doit émettre à un niveau d'énergie maximal et il reçoit des signaux relativement affaiblis . L'équipement de la figure 8 comporte un seul cornet CO commun à l'émission et à la réception .Furthermore, the stubs as described in the invention have a volume greater than that without enlargement shown in Figure 5a. This increase in volume results in a significant reduction of ohmic losses. This invention can therefore be used to reduce the ohmic losses of a waveguide and especially in a filter. Referring to Figure 8 will now be described an example of application of such a filter in a transmitting / receiving equipment embedded in a satellite. Such equipment must be able to transmit and receive signals at different energy levels. It must emit at a maximum energy level and receives relatively weak signals. The equipment of FIG. 8 comprises a single CO cone common to transmission and reception.
Des filtres diplexeurs DXH et DXV pour, respectivement, les polarisations horizontale et verticale sont connectés aux accès el et e2 d'un séparât eur/ combmeur de modes de polarisations OMT qui est connecté par son accès e3 au cornet d' émission/réception CO.DXH and DXV diplexer filters for the horizontal and vertical polarizations respectively are connected to the ports e1 and e2 of a separator eur / OMT polarization mode combiner which is connected via its access e3 to the CO transmit / receive horn.
Les filtres de réception FIRxH et FIRxV peuvent être de puissances de fonctionnement relativement faibles. Par contre les filtres d'émission FITxH et FITxV doivent pouvoir fonctionner à des puissances élevées.The reception filters FIRxH and FIRxV can be of relatively low operating powers. On the other hand, the emission filters FITxH and FITxV must be able to operate at high powers.
Les filtres d'émission FITxH et FITxV sont conçus selon l'invention pour permettre des puissances élevées. Il est alors possible de réaliser un équipement tel que représenté par la figure 8 avec un seul cornet CO pour l'émission et pour la réception. L'invention permet donc d'obtenir dans an guide et plus spécialement dans un filtre: une forte augmentation de la tenue en puissance en évitant les effets muitipactor, - une réduction des pertes ohmiques, une structure totalement compatible avec les méthodes de fabrication actuellement utilisées pour les filtres à "stubs" qui garantissent des valeurs de Produits d'Intermodulation PassifsThe emission filters FITxH and FITxV are designed according to the invention to allow high powers. It is then possible to produce an equipment as shown in FIG. 8 with a single CO horn for transmission and reception. The invention therefore makes it possible to obtain in a guide and more particularly in a filter: a strong increase in power handling avoiding the effects of muitipactor, - a reduction in ohmic losses, a structure fully compatible with the manufacturing methods currently used for stub filters which guarantee Passive Intermodulation Products values.
(PlMP) faibles . un gain potentiel d'une antenne sur un satellite. On peut combiner les fonctions émission (Tx) et Réception (Rx) sur une seule antenne même si les puissances Tx sont importantes. (PlMP) weak. a potential gain of an antenna on a satellite. The transmit (Tx) and Receive (Rx) functions can be combined on a single antenna even if the Tx powers are important.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé de réalisation d'un filtre hyperfréquence , comportant des stubs (stl à st7, sul), et comportant la réalisation d'un guide d'ondes hyperfréquences comprenant : une étape de détermination de la ou des zones critiques (zl) du guide (gl) où se produit une concentration du champ électrique, une étape de réalisation d'au moins un élargissement (ell) du guide d'onde dans la ou les zones ainsi déterminées. caractérisé en ce qu' il comporte : - une étape de détermination, dans les stubs, de zones critiques (z3) où se produisent des concentrations du champ électrique , une étape de réalisation d'au moins un élargissement (el2 e4 , e5, f2 à f7, eul à eulO) des stubs dans la ou les zones ainsi déterminées, et caractérisé en ce que chaque stub (stl) se présente sous forme d'une croix latine dans laquelle les bras horizontaux perpendiculaires à l'axe (X) du stub correspondent aux dits élargissements (el2, el3) .1. A method of producing a microwave filter comprising stubs (st1 to st7, sul) and comprising producing a microwave waveguide comprising: a step of determining the critical zone (s) (z1) of the guide (gl) where a concentration of the electric field occurs, a step of producing at least one widening (ell) of the waveguide in the zone or zones thus determined. characterized in that it comprises: - a step of determining, in the stubs, critical zones (z3) where electric field concentrations occur, a step of making at least one expansion (el2 e4, e5, f2 to f7, eul to eulO) stubs in the zone or zones thus determined, and characterized in that each stub (stl) is in the form of a Latin cross in which the horizontal arms perpendicular to the axis (X) of the stub correspond to the so-called enlargements (el2, el3).
2. Procédé de réalisation selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que chaque élargissement est situé à une distance de λg/4 de la zone de court circuit (ccl) du stub, λg étant une longueur d'onde guidée appartenant à la gamme de longueurs d'ondes de fonctionnement du filtre.2. Method of realization according to claim 1, characterized in that each enlargement is located at a distance of λg / 4 of the short circuit zone (ccl) of the stub, λg being a guided wavelength belonging to the range of operating wavelengths of the filter.
3. Filtre hyperfréquence selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les bras horizontaux sont de longueurs inégales.3. Microwave filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the horizontal arms are of unequal length.
4. Filtre hyperfréquence selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un bras horizontal comporte des sections (eu3, eu' 3, eu4 , eu' 4) de dimensions différentes, la section (eu3, eu4) la plus proche de l'axe du stub étant plus grande que la ou les sections (eu' 3, eu' 4) plus éloignées de 1 ' axe du stub .4. Microwave filter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one horizontal arm has sections (eu3, eu '3, eu4, eu' 4) of different dimensions, the section (eu3, eu4) closest to the axis of the stub being larger than the section or sections (eu '3, eu' 4) farther from the axis of the stub.
5. Filtre hyperfréquence selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 a 4, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un bras horizontal comporte des sections (eu5, eu' 5, eu6 , eu' 6) de dimensions différentes, la section (eu5, eu6) la plus proche de l'axe du stub étant plus petite que la ou les sections (eu' 5, eu' 6) plus éloignées de l'axe du stub.5. Microwave filter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one horizontal arm has sections (eu5, eu '5, eu6, eu' 6) of different dimensions, the section (eu5, eu6) closest to the stub axis being smaller than the section or sections (eu '5, eu' 6) farther from the stub axis.
6. Filtre hyperfréquence selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la face d'extrémité (fa9, falO) de chaque bras horizontal est inclinée par rapport a l'axe du stub. 6. Microwave filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the end face (fa9, falO) of each horizontal arm is inclined relative to the axis of the stub.
7. Filtre hyperfréquence selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la face d'extrémité (fall) de chaque bras horizontal (eull) possède une forme courbe.7. Microwave filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the end face (fall) of each horizontal arm (eull) has a curved shape.
8. Station d'émission/réception hyperfréquence appliquant le filtre hyperfréquence selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'elle comporte : - un premier diplexeur (DXH) pour des signaux de polarisation horizontale et comportant un premier filtre de réception (FiRxH) et un premier filtre d'émission (FiTxH) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, un deuxième diplexeur (DHV) pour des signaux de polarisation verticale et comportant un deuxième filtre de réception (FiRxV) et un deuxième filtre d'émission (FiTxV) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, un séparateur/combineur de modes de polarisations comportant un premier accès8. Microwave emission / reception station applying the microwave filter according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises: a first diplexer (DXH) for horizontal polarization signals and comprising a first filter receiver (FiRxH) and a first transmission filter (FiTxH) according to any one of the preceding claims, a second diplexer (DHV) for vertical polarization signals and having a second reception filter (FiRxV) and a second filter transmission device (FiTxV) according to any one of the preceding claims, a polarization mode separator / combiner comprising a first access
(el) pour les signaux de polarisation horizontale connecté au premier diplexeur(el) for the horizontal polarization signals connected to the first diplexer
(DXH) , un deuxième accès (e2) pour les signaux polarisation verticale connecté au deuxième diplexeur (DXV) , et un troisième accès (e3) connecté à un cornet d'émission/réception (CO) . (DXH), a second port (e2) for the vertical polarization signals connected to the second diplexer (DXV), and a third port (e3) connected to a transmit / receive horn (CO).
EP07729806A 2006-06-02 2007-06-01 Filter with cross shaped stubs Active EP2025039B1 (en)

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FR0652011A FR2901918B1 (en) 2006-06-02 2006-06-02 CROSS FILTER
PCT/EP2007/055410 WO2007141213A1 (en) 2006-06-02 2007-06-01 Cross-coupled filter

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US8022788B2 (en) 2011-09-20
ATE480019T1 (en) 2010-09-15
JP5076223B2 (en) 2012-11-21
CN101485041A (en) 2009-07-15
CA2654044C (en) 2014-12-09
EP2025039B1 (en) 2010-09-01
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JP2009539291A (en) 2009-11-12
US20090237184A1 (en) 2009-09-24
WO2007141213A1 (en) 2007-12-13
FR2901918B1 (en) 2008-12-05
CN101485041B (en) 2012-08-08
CA2654044A1 (en) 2007-12-13
ES2349165T3 (en) 2010-12-28
FR2901918A1 (en) 2007-12-07

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