EP2021642B1 - Roller bearing - Google Patents

Roller bearing Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2021642B1
EP2021642B1 EP07722457A EP07722457A EP2021642B1 EP 2021642 B1 EP2021642 B1 EP 2021642B1 EP 07722457 A EP07722457 A EP 07722457A EP 07722457 A EP07722457 A EP 07722457A EP 2021642 B1 EP2021642 B1 EP 2021642B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
roller bearing
bearing
bearing according
bearing ring
material composite
Prior art date
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Not-in-force
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EP07722457A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2021642A1 (en
Inventor
Edgar Streit
Oskar Beer
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Priority to EP09014147A priority Critical patent/EP2166241B1/en
Publication of EP2021642A1 publication Critical patent/EP2021642A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/62—Selection of substances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/64—Special methods of manufacture
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C37/00—Cooling of bearings
    • F16C37/007—Cooling of bearings of rolling bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/04—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly
    • F16C19/06—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly with a single row or balls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/40—Alloys based on refractory metals
    • F16C2204/46—Alloys based on molybdenum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2206/00—Materials with ceramics, cermets, hard carbon or similar non-metallic hard materials as main constituents
    • F16C2206/80—Cermets, i.e. composites of ceramics and metal

Definitions

  • the invention is in the field of high-performance bearings, in particular for use in main shaft bearings in high-speed gas turbines, transmissions and, for example, for rotor bearings in helicopters.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a rolling bearing that tolerates high speed values and operating loads even with minimum quantity lubrication.
  • Minimum lubrication is understood to mean both so-called emergency lubrication (i.e., a lubricant supply significantly reduced in critical lubrication situations or just an existing lubricant mist) and the deliberate reduction in the amount of lubricant.
  • emergency lubrication i.e., a lubricant supply significantly reduced in critical lubrication situations or just an existing lubricant mist
  • the deliberate reduction in the amount of lubricant is to dissipate the heat generated in the warehouse quickly and reliably and at the same time to minimize the generation of heat.
  • the rolling bearing components must be designed so that they still have sufficient hardness even at operating temperatures of about 300 ° C in the contact area between bearing rings and rolling bearing bodies.
  • a rolling bearing with a rolling bearing ring which consists of a composite material, wherein the first composite material component forms the track and preferably consists of a refractory metal or a sintered material, see. eg EP-A-1 225 353 , which corresponds to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention of claim 1 is characterized by the fact that the first material component has a thermal conductivity and heat resistance which are higher than the thermal conductivity and heat resistance of at least one other composite material component, which forms the main body of the rolling bearing ring.
  • a significant advantage of the invention is that (functional) different areas of the bearing ring with respect to functionally different requirements with respect to hardness and heat resistance on the one hand and toughness on the other hand are separately optimized.
  • career In the area in which the actual WälzShorestive takes place (generally referred to here as career) a very high hardness and heat resistance is desired;
  • a particularly high toughness is desirable.
  • the composite material component forming the raceway preferably has a permissible continuous operating temperature of more than 300 ° C., a thermal conductivity of more than 30 W / mK and a high wear resistance to ensure optimum roll over properties.
  • a rolling bearing is provided on the outer and / or inner ring cooling means can be provided for the removal of the heat generated. It is to be mentioned as particularly advantageous that an increased heat dissipation via the correspondingly optimized composite material component in the region of the raceway is ensured and at the same time an increased heat absorption in the material is possible. As a result, the arrangement of a cooling system on the outer ring is particularly preferably made possible.
  • so-called refractory metals namely in principle the metals molybdenum, tungsten, niobium and tantalum, are particularly suitable as a material composite component for the raceway.
  • the two last-mentioned refractory metals are - in terms of their properties for use in the present invention best suited, but - relatively expensive.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention therefore provides that the first material composite component consists predominantly of molybdenum or tungsten or at least but a significant proportion (eg, well over 70%) of molybdenum or tungsten.
  • hard metals in the form of sintered materials are used as the first composite material component, more preferably carbides which are sintered with cobalt and / or nickel as a binder.
  • the part of the rolling bearing according to the invention facing away from the raceway area (generally also referred to as bearing ring back or base body) can advantageously be optimized independently in terms of its material properties according to the present invention. Less stringent hardness and wear resistance requirements are placed on the body, but significantly higher toughness is desired. This applies in particular to the inner bearing ring of a roller bearing, which must have a particularly high toughness in addition to a high heat resistance.
  • the inner bearing ring is usually shrunk onto the rotating shaft and is therefore under considerable tensile prestress. By acting at high speeds considerable centrifugal forces, the load on the inner bearing ring is further enhanced.
  • the base body is likewise formed from a refractory material, which is optimized by suitable alloy or powder metallurgy production in the direction of the above-described requirements.
  • a refractory material which is optimized by suitable alloy or powder metallurgy production in the direction of the above-described requirements.
  • a molybdenum-based material is particularly preferred.
  • the rolling elements are formed from ceramic materials. Particularly preferred can thereby Ceramic materials based on silicon nitride can be used.
  • a rolling body cage made of CFC is used. This is to be understood as meaning a carbon-fiber-reinforced material in which the matrix also consists of carbon atoms into which carbon fibers are introduced for reinforcement in a manner known per se.
  • the figure shows in longitudinal section only the upper region of a symmetrical about the operational axis of rotation 1 rolling bearing 2.
  • the rolling bearing has an outer bearing ring 3 and an inner bearing ring 4. Between the bearing rings 3, 4 are arranged in a conventional manner in a cage 6 Rolling elements 8 - here in the form of bearing balls.
  • the outer bearing ring 3 is formed from a composite material 10, which comprises a first material composite component 11 and a second composite material component 12.
  • the first material composite component 11 forms the raceway 13, on the surface 14 - the actual tread - operationally roll the rolling elements 8 (bearing balls).
  • This material composite component 11 has, in view of the high loads and operating temperatures to which the rolling bearing according to the invention is exposed according to the operation, a very high thermal stability of more than 300 C continuous temperature and a high thermal conductivity of well above 30 W / mK.
  • the first material composite component consists for example of a material based on a refractory metal, preferably molybdenum, which is known to be characterized by the refractory inherent property of a very high melting temperature or from a carbide-rich sintered material.
  • a refractory metal preferably molybdenum
  • the second composite material component 12 forms the outside of the track also referred to as the main body 15 remaining part of the bearing ring 10 and in the embodiment also consists of a refractory molybdenum-based, but is less solidified and thus has a higher toughness yet high thermal conductivity.
  • a plurality of recesses 18 are provided for the flow of a coolant of a coolant system, not shown.
  • the inner bearing ring 4 is likewise formed from a composite material 20 in which, as already described, a first composite material component 21 is provided which forms the inner race 22 for the rolling elements 8.
  • the composite material 20 has a main body 24 made of a further composite material component 25, which is optimized as described above in connection with the outer bearing ring 3. Furthermore, recesses 26 are provided for the coolant flow and for cooling the inner bearing ring 4 in the inner bearing ring.
  • the base body 12 or 24 of the outer 3 or inner bearing ring 4 may also be formed from a molybdenum-based refractory material.
  • the rolling elements 8 are preferably formed of ceramic materials and are held in a WälzMechhimfig 6, which is made of carbon fiber reinforced carbon (CFC).
  • CFC carbon fiber reinforced carbon
  • the rolling bearing in terms of its strength and temperature behavior on the prevailing in the different functional areas of the bearing rings 3, 4 operating requirements individually optimized by namely the raceways and thus the mechanically highly stressed areas are formed by a highly heat-resistant, very hard and wear-resistant material.
  • This is realized in each case by the first material composite component, while the thermal and mechanical properties desired in the remaining regions of the bearing rings are optimized by the use of a second composite material component with significantly higher toughness.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

An anti-friction bearing ring (AFBR) (2) consists of a material composite (MC) (10). A first MC (11) forms a bearing race (13) and consists of a refractory metal or a sintered material, of which the caloric conductibility and high-temperature strength are higher than the caloric conductibility and high- temperature strength of a second MC component (12) that forms the basic body (15) of the AFBR.

Description

Gebiet der ErfindungField of the invention

Die Erfindung liegt auf dem Gebiet der Hochleistungs-Wälzlager, insbesondere zur Anwendung bei Hauptwellenlagerungen in hochdrehenden Gasturbinen, Getrieben sowie beispielsweise für Rotorlagerungen in Hubschraubern.The invention is in the field of high-performance bearings, in particular for use in main shaft bearings in high-speed gas turbines, transmissions and, for example, for rotor bearings in helicopters.

Bei derartigen Einsatzfällen entstehen im Kontaktbereich zwischen den Wälzkörpern und den Lagerringen aufgrund der sehr hohen Betriebsdrehzahlen bei äußerst hohen Belastungen leicht Betriebstemperaturen von weit über 200°C. Die bei hohen Umdrehungszahlen durch die Reibleistung entstehende Wärme muss zur Vermeidung von Lagerschäden zuverlässig und zügig abgeführt werden. Zur Kühlung der Lager sind deshalb bisher relativ hohe Öldurchflussmengen erforderlich, die nur zu einem sehr geringen Anteil für die Lagerschmierung benötigt werden. Der weit überwiegende Anteil der Ölmenge dient der Wärmeableitung.In such applications arise in the contact area between the rolling elements and the bearing rings due to the very high operating speeds at extremely high loads easily operating temperatures of well over 200 ° C. The heat generated by the friction at high speeds must be dissipated reliably and quickly to avoid bearing damage. To cool the bearings so far relatively high oil flow rates are required, which are needed only to a very small extent for the bearing lubrication. The vast majority of the oil quantity is used for heat dissipation.

Bei vielen Einsatzfällen - beispielsweise in der Luftfahrt - müssen an die Betriebssicherheit und Zuverlässigkeit äußerst hohe Anforderungen gestellt werden. Die für den Öldurchfluss benötigten Aggregate, wie .z.B. Pumpen, Kühlaggregate und Sicherheitssysteme, müssen deshalb in der Regel redundant ausgeführt und hochzuverlässig ausgelegt sein. Dies schlägt sich sowohl in den Herstellungs- und Wartungskosten als auch im Gewicht der so ausgestatteten Systeme nieder.In many applications - for example in aviation - extremely high demands must be placed on operational safety and reliability. The units required for the oil flow, such as. Pumps, chillers and safety systems, therefore, must generally be redundant and designed to be highly reliable. This is reflected both in the manufacturing and maintenance costs and in the weight of the systems so equipped.

Vor diesem Hintergrund besteht die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung darin, ein Wälzlager zu schaffen, das auch unter Minimalmengenschmierung hohe Drehzahlwerte und Betriebslasten erträgt. Unter Minimalmengenschmierung ist sowohl eine so genannte Notschmierung (d.h. eine in kritischen Schmiersituationen erheblich verringerte Schmiermittelversorgung oder nur noch ein vorhandener Schmiermittelnebel) als auch die bewusste Verringerung der Schmiermittelmenge zu verstehen. Damit besteht eine durch die Erfindung zu lösende besondere Problematik darin, die im Lager entstehende Wärme schnell und zuverlässig abzuführen und zugleich die Wärmeentstehung zu minimieren. Dabei müssen die Wälzlagerkomponenten so ausgelegt sein, dass sie selbst bei Betriebstemperaturen von über 300 °C im Kontaktbereich zwischen Lagerringen und Wälzlagerkörpern noch eine ausreichende Härte aufweisen.Against this background, the object of the present invention is to provide a rolling bearing that tolerates high speed values and operating loads even with minimum quantity lubrication. Minimum lubrication is understood to mean both so-called emergency lubrication (i.e., a lubricant supply significantly reduced in critical lubrication situations or just an existing lubricant mist) and the deliberate reduction in the amount of lubricant. Thus, there is a particular problem to be solved by the invention is to dissipate the heat generated in the warehouse quickly and reliably and at the same time to minimize the generation of heat. The rolling bearing components must be designed so that they still have sufficient hardness even at operating temperatures of about 300 ° C in the contact area between bearing rings and rolling bearing bodies.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch ein Wälzlager mit einem Wälzlagerring, der aus einem Materialverbund besteht, wobei die erste Materialverbundkomponente die Laufbahn bildet und vorzugsweise aus einem Refraktärmetall oder einem Sinterwerkstoff besteht, vgl. z.B. EP-A-1 225 353 , die dem Obergegriff des Anspruchs 1 entspricht. Die Erfindung nach Anspruch 1 zeichnet sich dem gegenüber dadurch aus, daß die erste Materialkomponente eine Wärmeleitfähigkeit und Warmfestigkeit aufweist die höher sind als die Wärmeleitfähigkeit und Warmfestigkeit der zumindest einen weiteren Materialverbundkomponente, die den Grundkörper des Wälzlagerrings bildet.This object is achieved by a rolling bearing with a rolling bearing ring, which consists of a composite material, wherein the first composite material component forms the track and preferably consists of a refractory metal or a sintered material, see. eg EP-A-1 225 353 , which corresponds to the preamble of claim 1. The invention of claim 1 is characterized by the fact that the first material component has a thermal conductivity and heat resistance which are higher than the thermal conductivity and heat resistance of at least one other composite material component, which forms the main body of the rolling bearing ring.

Ein wesentlicher Vorteil der Erfindung besteht darin, dass (funktional) verschiedene Bereiche des Lagerrings hinsichtlich funktionsspezifisch unterschiedlicher Anforderungen bezüglich Härte und Warmfestigkeit einerseits und Zähigkeit andererseits separat optimierbar sind. In dem Bereich, in dem der eigentliche Wälzkörperkontakt stattfindet (allgemein hier auch als Laufbahn bezeichnet) ist eine sehr hohe Härte und Warmfestigkeit gewünscht; für den übrigen Lagerkörper bzw. den so genannten Lagerrücken ist dagegen eine besonders hohe Zähigkeit wünschenswert. Die die Laufbahn bildende Materialverbundkomponente weist bevorzugt eine zulässige Dauerbetriebstemperatur von mehr als 300°C, eine Wärmeleitfähigkeit von mehr als 30 W/mK und eine hohe Verschleißfestigkeit zur Gewährleistung optimaler Überrolleigenschaften auf.A significant advantage of the invention is that (functional) different areas of the bearing ring with respect to functionally different requirements with respect to hardness and heat resistance on the one hand and toughness on the other hand are separately optimized. In the area in which the actual Wälzkörperkontakt takes place (generally referred to here as career) a very high hardness and heat resistance is desired; For the other bearing body or the so-called bearing back, however, a particularly high toughness is desirable. The composite material component forming the raceway preferably has a permissible continuous operating temperature of more than 300 ° C., a thermal conductivity of more than 30 W / mK and a high wear resistance to ensure optimum roll over properties.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung wird ein Wälzlager geschaffen, an dessen Außen- und/oder Innenring Kühleinrichtungen zum Abtransport der entstehenden Wärme vorgesehen werden können. Als besonders vorteilhaft ist dabei zu erwähnen, dass eine erhöhte Wärmeabfuhr über die entsprechend optimierte Materialverbundkomponente im Bereich der Laufbahn sichergestellt und gleichzeitig eine erhöhte Wärmeaufnahme im Material möglich ist. Dadurch wird besonders bevorzugt die Anordnung eines Kühlsystems am Außenring ermöglicht.In the context of the invention, a rolling bearing is provided on the outer and / or inner ring cooling means can be provided for the removal of the heat generated. It is to be mentioned as particularly advantageous that an increased heat dissipation via the correspondingly optimized composite material component in the region of the raceway is ensured and at the same time an increased heat absorption in the material is possible. As a result, the arrangement of a cooling system on the outer ring is particularly preferably made possible.

Besonders geeignet als Materialverbundkomponente für die Laufbahn sind nach einer ersten Alternative der Erfindung sogenannte Refraktärmetalle, nämlich grundsätzlich die Metalle Molybdän, Wolfram, Niob und Tantal. Die beiden letzt genannten Refraktärmetalle sind - hinsichtlich ihrer Eigenschaften zur Verwendung in der vorliegenden Erfindung bestens geeignet, aber - relativ teuer. Eine bevorzugte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht deshalb vor, dass die erste Materialverbundkomponente überwiegend aus Molybdän oder Wolfram besteht oder zumindest aber einen erheblichen Anteil (z.B. weit über 70 %) von Molybdän oder Wolfram aufweist.According to a first alternative of the invention, so-called refractory metals, namely in principle the metals molybdenum, tungsten, niobium and tantalum, are particularly suitable as a material composite component for the raceway. The two last-mentioned refractory metals are - in terms of their properties for use in the present invention best suited, but - relatively expensive. A preferred embodiment of the invention therefore provides that the first material composite component consists predominantly of molybdenum or tungsten or at least but a significant proportion (eg, well over 70%) of molybdenum or tungsten.

Nach einer der beiden Alternativen der Erfindung werden als erste Materialverbundkomponente Hartmetalle in Form von Sinterwerkstoffen eingesetzt, besonders bevorzugt Karbide, die mit Kobalt und/oder Nickel als Bindemittel versintert sind.According to one of the two alternatives of the invention, hard metals in the form of sintered materials are used as the first composite material component, more preferably carbides which are sintered with cobalt and / or nickel as a binder.

Der dem Laufbahnbereich abgewandte Teil des erfindungsgemäßen Wälzlagers (allgemein auch als Lagerringrücken oder Grundkörper bezeichnet) ist nach der vorliegenden Erfindung vorteilhafterweise unabhängig in seinen Materialeigenschaften optimierbar. An den Grundkörper werden weniger hohe Anforderungen hinsichtlich der Härte und Verschleißfestigkeit gestellt, jedoch ist eine erheblich höhere Zähigkeit erwünscht. Dies gilt insbesondere für den inneren Lagerring eines Wälzlagers, der neben einer hohen Warmfestigkeit eine besonders hohe Zähigkeit aufweisen muss. Der innere Lagerring ist üblicherweise auf die drehende Welle aufgeschrumpft und steht deshalb unter erheblicher Zugvorspannung. Durch die bei den hohen Drehzahlen wirkenden erheblichen Fliehkräfte wird die Belastung auf den inneren Lagerring noch weiter verstärkt.The part of the rolling bearing according to the invention facing away from the raceway area (generally also referred to as bearing ring back or base body) can advantageously be optimized independently in terms of its material properties according to the present invention. Less stringent hardness and wear resistance requirements are placed on the body, but significantly higher toughness is desired. This applies in particular to the inner bearing ring of a roller bearing, which must have a particularly high toughness in addition to a high heat resistance. The inner bearing ring is usually shrunk onto the rotating shaft and is therefore under considerable tensile prestress. By acting at high speeds considerable centrifugal forces, the load on the inner bearing ring is further enhanced.

Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird der Grundkörper ebenfalls aus einem Refraktärmaterial gebildet, das durch geeignete Legierung oder pulvermetallurgische Herstellung in Richtung auf die vorbeschriebenen Anforderungen optimiert wird. Besonders bevorzugt ist ein Werkstoff auf Molybdänbasis.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the base body is likewise formed from a refractory material, which is optimized by suitable alloy or powder metallurgy production in the direction of the above-described requirements. Particularly preferred is a molybdenum-based material.

Vor dem Hintergrund der eingangs beschriebenen erheblichen betriebsgemäßen Belastungen ist es für besonders hohe Belastungsfälle mitunter nicht ausreichend, nur die Lagerringe in ihrem Betriebsverhalten und ihrer Dauerfestigkeit zu optimieren. In diesen Fällen besteht nämlich außerdem die Gefahr einer von den Wälzkörpern ausgehenden Ermüdung, die die gesamte Lagerzuverlässigkeit beeinträchtigen könnte. Deshalb ist nach einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vorgesehen, dass die Wälzkörper aus keramischen Werkstoffen gebildet sind. Besonders bevorzugt können dabei Keramikwerkstoffe auf Basis von Siliziumnitrid verwendet werden.Against the background of the considerable operational stresses described above, it is sometimes not sufficient for particularly high load cases to optimize only the bearing rings in their performance and fatigue strength. In addition, in these cases, there is a risk of fatigue from the rolling elements, which could affect overall bearing reliability. Therefore, according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the rolling elements are formed from ceramic materials. Particularly preferred can thereby Ceramic materials based on silicon nitride can be used.

Schließlich empfiehlt es sich für derartige Anwendungsfälle, auch den Wälzkörperkäfig entsprechend warmfest auszugestalten. Nach einer diesbezüglich vorteilhaften Fortbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass ein Wälzkörperkäfig aus CFC verwendet wird. Darunter ist ein kohlenstofffaserverstärkter Werkstoff zu verstehen, bei dem auch die Matrix aus Kohlenstoffatomen besteht, in die in an sich bekannter Weise Kohlenstofffasern zur Verstärkung eingebracht sind.Finally, it is recommended for such applications to design the Wälzkörperkäfig according to warm-resistant. After an advantageous development of the invention in this regard, it is provided that a rolling body cage made of CFC is used. This is to be understood as meaning a carbon-fiber-reinforced material in which the matrix also consists of carbon atoms into which carbon fibers are introduced for reinforcement in a manner known per se.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der einzigen Figur der Zeichnung beschrieben.An embodiment of the invention will be described below with reference to the single figure of the drawing.

Die Figur zeigt im Längsschnitt nur den oberen Bereich eines um die betriebsgemäße Rotationsachse 1 symmetrischen Wälzlagers 2. Das Wälzlager hat einen äußeren Lagerring 3 und einen inneren Lagerring 4. Zwischen den Lagerringen 3, 4 befinden sich in an sich bekannter Weise in einem Käfig 6 angeordnete Wälzkörper 8 - hier in Form von Lagerkugeln.The figure shows in longitudinal section only the upper region of a symmetrical about the operational axis of rotation 1 rolling bearing 2. The rolling bearing has an outer bearing ring 3 and an inner bearing ring 4. Between the bearing rings 3, 4 are arranged in a conventional manner in a cage 6 Rolling elements 8 - here in the form of bearing balls.

Der äußere Lagerring 3 ist aus einem Materialverbund 10 gebildet, der eine erste Materialverbundkomponente 11 und eine zweite Materialverbundkomponente 12 umfasst. Die erste Materialverbundkomponente 11 bildet die Laufbahn 13, auf deren Oberfläche 14 - der tatsächlichen Lauffläche - betriebsgemäß die Wälzkörper 8 (Lagerkugeln) abrollen. Diese Materialverbundkomponente 11 weist im Hinblick auf die hohen Lasten und Betriebstemperaturen, denen das erfindungsgemäße Wälzlager betriebsgemäß ausgesetzt ist, eine sehr hohe Warmfestigkeit von mehr als 300 C Dauertemperatur und eine hohe Wärmeleitfähigkeit von deutlich mehr als 30 W/mK auf. Die erste Materialverbundkomponente besteht z.B. aus einem Werkstoff auf Basis eines Refraktärmetalls, vorzugsweise Molybdän, das sich bekanntermaßen durch die Refraktärmetallen innewohnende Eigenschaft einer sehr hohen Schmelztemperatur auszeichnet oder aus einem karbidreichen Sintermaterial.The outer bearing ring 3 is formed from a composite material 10, which comprises a first material composite component 11 and a second composite material component 12. The first material composite component 11 forms the raceway 13, on the surface 14 - the actual tread - operationally roll the rolling elements 8 (bearing balls). This material composite component 11 has, in view of the high loads and operating temperatures to which the rolling bearing according to the invention is exposed according to the operation, a very high thermal stability of more than 300 C continuous temperature and a high thermal conductivity of well above 30 W / mK. The first material composite component consists for example of a material based on a refractory metal, preferably molybdenum, which is known to be characterized by the refractory inherent property of a very high melting temperature or from a carbide-rich sintered material.

Die zweite Materialverbundkomponente 12 bildet außerhalb der Laufbahn den auch als Grundkörper 15 bezeichneten übrigen Teil des Lagerringes 10 und besteht im Ausführungsbeispiel ebenfalls aus einem Refraktärmetall auf Molybdänbasis, das jedoch weniger verfestigt ist und insoweit eine höhere Zähigkeit bei dennoch hoher Wärmeleitfähigkeit aufweist.The second composite material component 12 forms the outside of the track also referred to as the main body 15 remaining part of the bearing ring 10 and in the embodiment also consists of a refractory molybdenum-based, but is less solidified and thus has a higher toughness yet high thermal conductivity.

An der äußeren Mantelfläche 16 des Grundkörpers 15 sind mehrere Ausnehmungen 18 für den Durchfluss eines Kühlmittels eines nicht näher dargestellten Kühlmittelsystems vorgesehen. Damit wird in effektiver Weise die aufgrund der Reibleistung bei den außerordentlich hohen Umdrehungszahlen zwischen Wälzlagerring 10 und den Wälzkörpern 8 erzeugte Reibleistung abgeführt.On the outer circumferential surface 16 of the base body 15 a plurality of recesses 18 are provided for the flow of a coolant of a coolant system, not shown. Thus, the frictional power generated due to the friction in the extremely high number of revolutions between the rolling bearing ring 10 and the rolling elements 8 is effectively dissipated.

Der innere Lagerring 4 ist ebenfalls aus einem Materialverbund 20 gebildet, bei dem wie bereits beschrieben entsprechend eine erste Materialverbundkomponente 21 vorgesehen ist, die die innere Laufbahn 22 für die Wälzkörper 8 bildet. Der Materialverbund 20 weist einen Grundkörper 24 aus einer weiteren Materialverbundkomponente 25 auf, die wie vorstehend im Zusammenhang mit dem äußeren Lagerring 3 beschrieben optimiert ist. Ferner sind auch in dem inneren Lagerring Ausnehmungen 26 zum Kühlmitteldurchfluss und zur Kühlung des inneren Lagerringes 4 vorgesehen. Die Grundkörper 12 bzw. 24 des äußeren 3 bzw. inneren Lagerringes 4 können ebenfalls aus einem Refraktärmaterial auf Molybdänbasis gebildet sein.The inner bearing ring 4 is likewise formed from a composite material 20 in which, as already described, a first composite material component 21 is provided which forms the inner race 22 for the rolling elements 8. The composite material 20 has a main body 24 made of a further composite material component 25, which is optimized as described above in connection with the outer bearing ring 3. Furthermore, recesses 26 are provided for the coolant flow and for cooling the inner bearing ring 4 in the inner bearing ring. The base body 12 or 24 of the outer 3 or inner bearing ring 4 may also be formed from a molybdenum-based refractory material.

Die Wälzkörper 8 sind vorzugsweise aus keramischen Werkstoffen gebildet und sind in einem Wälzkörperkäfig 6 gehalten, der aus kohlenstofffaserverstärktem Kohlenstoff (CFC) hergestellt ist.The rolling elements 8 are preferably formed of ceramic materials and are held in a Wälzkörperkäfig 6, which is made of carbon fiber reinforced carbon (CFC).

Somit ist das Wälzlager hinsichtlich seines Festigkeits- und Temperaturverhaltens auf die in den unterschiedlichen Funktionsbereichen der Lagerringe 3, 4 herrschenden Betriebsanforderungen jeweils individuell optimierbar, indem nämlich die Laufbahnen und damit die mechanisch hochbelasteten Bereiche durch einen hochwarmfesten, sehr harten und verschleißbeständigen Werkstoff gebildet sind. Dieser ist jeweils durch die erste Materialverbundkomponente realisiert, während die im übrigen Bereichen der Lagerringe gewünschten thermischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften durch die Verwendung einer zweiten Materialverbundkomponente mit deutlich höherer Zähigkeit optimiert sind.Thus, the rolling bearing in terms of its strength and temperature behavior on the prevailing in the different functional areas of the bearing rings 3, 4 operating requirements individually optimized by namely the raceways and thus the mechanically highly stressed areas are formed by a highly heat-resistant, very hard and wear-resistant material. This is realized in each case by the first material composite component, while the thermal and mechanical properties desired in the remaining regions of the bearing rings are optimized by the use of a second composite material component with significantly higher toughness.

Bezugszeichenreference numeral

11
Rotationsachseaxis of rotation
22
Wälzlagerroller bearing
33
äußerer Lagerringouter bearing ring
44
innerer Lagerringinner bearing ring
66
WälzkörperkäfigRolling Element
88th
Wälzkörperrolling elements
1010
Materialverbundcomposite material
1111
erste Materialverbundkomponentefirst composite material component
1212
zweite Materialverbundkomponentesecond composite material component
1313
Laufbahncareer
1414
Oberflächesurface
1515
Grundkörperbody
1616
äußere Mantelflächeouter jacket surface
1818
Ausnehmungenrecesses
2020
Materialverbundcomposite material
2121
erste Materialverbundkomponentefirst composite material component
2222
innere Laufbahninner career
2424
Grundkörperbody
2525
weitere Materialverbundkomponentefurther composite material component
2626
Ausnehmungenrecesses

Claims (7)

  1. Roller bearing having a roller bearing ring (2) which is composed of a material composite (10), wherein the first material composite component (11) forms the running track (13) and is composed of a refractory metal or a sintered material whose thermal conductivity and heat resistance are higher than the thermal conductivity and heat resistance of the at least one further material composite component (12) which forms the base body (15) of the roller bearing ring (2).
  2. Roller bearing according to Claim 1, wherein the first material composite component (10) contains molybdenum or tungsten as the main component.
  3. Roller bearing according to Claim 1, wherein the first material composite component (10) is composed of cobalt and/or nickel-sintered carbides.
  4. Roller bearing according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the base body (15) is formed from a refractory metal.
  5. Roller bearing according to Claim 4, wherein the base body (15) is formed from a refractory metal based on molybdenum.
  6. Roller bearing according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the roller bodies (8) are formed from ceramic materials.
  7. Roller bearing according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a roller body cage (6) made of siliconized CFC is provided.
EP07722457A 2006-05-26 2007-05-23 Roller bearing Not-in-force EP2021642B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09014147A EP2166241B1 (en) 2006-05-26 2007-05-23 Roller bearing

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006024603A DE102006024603A1 (en) 2006-05-26 2006-05-26 Heavy-duty anti-friction bearing (AFB), e.g. for arrangements of main-shaft bearings in high-rev gas turbines, gearboxes and arrangements of rotor bearings in helicopters, has an AFB ring
PCT/DE2007/000933 WO2007137558A1 (en) 2006-05-26 2007-05-23 Roller bearing

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09014147A Division EP2166241B1 (en) 2006-05-26 2007-05-23 Roller bearing
EP09014147.4 Division-Into 2009-11-12

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2021642A1 EP2021642A1 (en) 2009-02-11
EP2021642B1 true EP2021642B1 (en) 2011-04-20

Family

ID=38514085

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EP07722457A Not-in-force EP2021642B1 (en) 2006-05-26 2007-05-23 Roller bearing
EP09014147A Not-in-force EP2166241B1 (en) 2006-05-26 2007-05-23 Roller bearing

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09014147A Not-in-force EP2166241B1 (en) 2006-05-26 2007-05-23 Roller bearing

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US8210751B2 (en)
EP (2) EP2021642B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE506548T1 (en)
DE (2) DE102006024603A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2007137558A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2021642A1 (en) 2009-02-11
WO2007137558A1 (en) 2007-12-06
US8210751B2 (en) 2012-07-03
DE502007007000D1 (en) 2011-06-01
ATE506548T1 (en) 2011-05-15
EP2166241A1 (en) 2010-03-24
US20090263067A1 (en) 2009-10-22
EP2166241B1 (en) 2012-10-24
DE102006024603A1 (en) 2007-11-29

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