DE102009018822B4 - roller bearing - Google Patents
roller bearing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102009018822B4 DE102009018822B4 DE102009018822A DE102009018822A DE102009018822B4 DE 102009018822 B4 DE102009018822 B4 DE 102009018822B4 DE 102009018822 A DE102009018822 A DE 102009018822A DE 102009018822 A DE102009018822 A DE 102009018822A DE 102009018822 B4 DE102009018822 B4 DE 102009018822B4
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- rolling bearing
- running
- rolling
- race
- support ring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
- F16C33/62—Selection of substances
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/303—Parts of ball or roller bearings of hybrid bearings, e.g. rolling bearings with steel races and ceramic rolling elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/32—Balls
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
- F16C33/60—Raceways; Race rings divided or split, e.g. comprising two juxtaposed rings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
- F16C33/64—Special methods of manufacture
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
- F16C2204/40—Alloys based on refractory metals
- F16C2204/42—Alloys based on titanium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2206/00—Materials with ceramics, cermets, hard carbon or similar non-metallic hard materials as main constituents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2206/00—Materials with ceramics, cermets, hard carbon or similar non-metallic hard materials as main constituents
- F16C2206/40—Ceramics, e.g. carbides, nitrides, oxides, borides of a metal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2206/00—Materials with ceramics, cermets, hard carbon or similar non-metallic hard materials as main constituents
- F16C2206/80—Cermets, i.e. composites of ceramics and metal
- F16C2206/82—Cermets, i.e. composites of ceramics and metal based on tungsten carbide [WC]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2226/00—Joining parts; Fastening; Assembling or mounting parts
- F16C2226/30—Material joints
- F16C2226/32—Material joints by soldering
- F16C2226/34—Material joints by soldering by brazing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2300/00—Application independent of particular apparatuses
- F16C2300/40—Application independent of particular apparatuses related to environment, i.e. operating conditions
- F16C2300/54—Application independent of particular apparatuses related to environment, i.e. operating conditions high-temperature
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
Das Wälzlager weist eine innere Laufschale (12) und eine äußere Laufschale (16) auf, zwischen denen sich Wälzkörper (15) befinden. Die beiden Laufschalen bestehen aus Hartmetall und die Wälzkörper (15) bestehen aus Hartmetall oder keramischem Material. Da solche Materialien extrem spröde sind, sind die Laufschalen (12, 16) jeweils mit einem Stützring (10, 19) abgestützt, der durch eine Hartlotschicht (13, 18) mit der jeweiligen Laufschale verbunden ist. Als Material für die Stützringe eignet sich besonders Titan. Das Wälzlager zeichnet sich durch eine hohe Temperaturbeständigkeit und geringe Reibungsverluste aus.The rolling bearing has an inner race (12) and an outer race (16), between which there are rolling elements (15). The two running shells consist of hard metal and the rolling elements (15) consist of hard metal or ceramic material. Since such materials are extremely brittle, the running shells (12, 16) are each supported with a support ring (10, 19) which is connected to the respective running shell by a hard solder layer (13, 18). Titanium is particularly suitable as the material for the support rings. The rolling bearing is characterized by high temperature resistance and low friction losses.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Wälzlager, wie Kugellager, Rollenlager oder Nadellager.The invention relates to a rolling bearing, such as ball bearings, roller bearings or needle roller bearings.
Die üblichen Wälzlager haben Laufschalen und Wälzkörper, die jeweils aus Stahl bestehen. Die herkömmlichen Lager sind bis zu einer Einsatztemperatur von etwa 200°C geeignet. Für höhere Temperaturen verwendet man keramische Lager, die zwar temperaturbeständig sind, jedoch den Nachteil einer hohen Sprödigkeit heben. Bei Stoß- oder Schlagbeanspruchungen kann das Lager bersten, mit der Folge, dass erhebliche Beschädigungen an Maschinenteilen auftreten können.The usual bearings have running shells and rolling elements, each made of steel. The conventional bearings are suitable up to an operating temperature of about 200 ° C. For higher temperatures used ceramic bearings, which are temperature resistant, but have the disadvantage of high brittleness. In the case of shock or impact loads, the bearing can burst, with the result that considerable damage to machine parts can occur.
In
Gute Laufeigenschaften erfordern den Einsatz harter Materialien bei den Komponenten eines Wälzlagers. Gehärtete Materialien, wie beispielsweise gehärteter Stahl, sind aber nicht gegen hohe Temperaturen im Bereich von 500°C beständig. Sie verlieren ihre Härte bei hohen Temperaturen.Good running properties require the use of hard materials in the components of a rolling bearing. Hardened materials, such as hardened steel, are not resistant to high temperatures in the range of 500 ° C. They lose their hardness at high temperatures.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Wälzlager zu schaffen, das gute Laufeigenschaften und geringen Verschleiß hat, hochtemperaturbeständig ist und eine hohe Berstfestigkeit hat.The invention has for its object to provide a rolling bearing, which has good running properties and low wear, is resistant to high temperatures and has a high bursting strength.
Das Wälzlager nach der vorliegenden Erfindung ist durch den Patentanspruch 1 definiert.The rolling bearing according to the present invention is defined by claim 1.
Das erfindungsgemäße Wälzlager zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Laufschalen und Wälzkörper aus harten und temperaturbeständigen Materialien bestehen, die geringe Reibungsverluste haben und sich durch hohe Temperaturbeständigkeit auszeichnen. Die Laufschalen, die an sich aus sprödem Material bestehen, sind durch Stützringe abgestützt, welche eine höhere Nachgiebigkeit haben als die Laufschalen. Die Stützringe bilden Stützkörper, die das Bersten der Laufschalen verhindern. Auf diese Weise hat das Wälzlager nicht nur eine hohe Wärmebeständigkeit sondern auch eine hohe Stoßfestigkeit.The rolling bearing according to the invention is characterized in that the running shells and rolling elements are made of hard and temperature-resistant materials that have low friction losses and are characterized by high temperature resistance. The running shells, which are made of brittle material, are supported by support rings, which have a higher compliance than the running shells. The support rings form supporting bodies which prevent the running shells from bursting. In this way, the rolling bearing not only has high heat resistance but also high impact resistance.
Mit den erfindungsgemäßen Werkstoffpaarungen können Lager für Betriebstemperaturen in der Größenordnung von 500°C hergestellt werden.With the material combinations according to the invention bearings for operating temperatures in the order of 500 ° C can be produced.
Gemäß der Erfindung ist die innere Laufschale mit dem inneren Stützring durch eine Hartlotschicht verbunden. In ähnlicher Weise ist die äußere Laufschale mit dem äußeren Stützring durch eine Hartlotschicht verbunden. Hartlot ist oxidationsbeständig für Temperaturen bis 650–700°C. Die Hartlotschicht besteht vorzugsweise aus einem Hochtemperatur-Silberlot.According to the invention, the inner race is connected to the inner support ring by a brazing layer. Similarly, the outer race is connected to the outer support ring by a braze layer. Brazing solder is oxidation resistant for temperatures up to 650-700 ° C. The brazing layer is preferably made of a high temperature silver solder.
Die Lauffläche mindestens einer der beiden Laufschalen mit einer Hartstofflaufschicht beschichtet. Diese besteht vorzugsweise aus DLC (Diamond like Carbon), AlCrN, AlTiN, CrN oder TiB2 und liefert gute Gleiteigenschaften für die Wälzkörper.The running surface of at least one of the two running shells coated with a hard material layer. This is preferably made of DLC (diamond like carbon), AlCrN, AlTiN, CrN or TiB2 and provides good sliding properties for the rolling elements.
Eine gute Werkstoffkombination mit geringen Reibverlusten ergibt sich, wenn die Laufschalen aus Hartmetall und die Wälzkörper aus SiN oder AlO bestehen. Ebenfalls besteht die Möglichkeit, Lager mit großen Durchmessern herzustellen, da gegenüber rein keramischen Lagern eine erheblich größere Schadenstoleranz besteht. Ein Bersten der Laufschalen wird durch die angelöteten Stützringe verhindert. Die Stützringe bilden jeweils die tragende Struktur des Wälzlagers.A good material combination with low friction losses results when the running shells made of hard metal and the rolling elements consist of SiN or AlO. It is also possible to produce bearings with large diameters, as compared to purely ceramic bearings significantly greater damage tolerance exists. A bursting of the running shells is prevented by the soldered support rings. The support rings each form the supporting structure of the rolling bearing.
Ein Stützring aus Titan ist vorteilhaft, da Titan einen ähnlichen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten wie Hartmetall besitzt. Alternativ können die Stützringe aus einer Nickellegierung bestehen oder aus ungehärtetem Stahl.A support ring made of titanium is advantageous because titanium has a similar expansion coefficient as carbide. Alternatively, the support rings may consist of a nickel alloy or of unhardened steel.
Im Folgenden wird unter Bezugnahme auf die einzige Figur der Zeichnung ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung näher erläutert. In der Zeichnung ist ein Längsschnitt des erfindungsgemäßen Wälzlagers dargestellt.In the following an embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the single FIGURE of the drawing. In the drawing, a longitudinal section of the rolling bearing according to the invention is shown.
Bei dem Wälzlager des vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiels handelt es sich um ein Kugellager. Unter den Begriff „Wälzlager” fallen außerdem Rollenlager, Kegellager und Nadellager und dergleichen.The rolling bearing of the present embodiment is a ball bearing. The term "roller bearings" also includes roller bearings, tapered bearings and needle roller bearings and the like.
Das Wälzlager weist einen inneren Stützring
Auf dem Umfang der inneren Laufschale
Die Wälzkörper
Die innere Laufschale
Die Stützringe
Um eine Erosion des Hartmetalls der Laufschalen zu verhindern, sind die Laufrinnen
Gute Werkstoffkombinationen ergeben sich, wenn die Laufschalen
Die Erfindung eignet sich für Wälzlager, die unter hohen Betriebstemperaturen arbeiten müssen, beispielsweise im Triebwerksbau, in der chemischen Industrie, im Motorenbau usw. Das Lager ist für Betriebstemperaturen von über 500°C, insbesondere im Bereich 600–700°C geeignet.The invention is suitable for rolling bearings, which must operate at high operating temperatures, for example in engine construction, in the chemical industry, in engine construction, etc. The bearing is suitable for operating temperatures of over 500 ° C, in particular in the range 600-700 ° C.
Die Stützringe
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102009018822A DE102009018822B4 (en) | 2009-04-24 | 2009-04-24 | roller bearing |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102009018822A DE102009018822B4 (en) | 2009-04-24 | 2009-04-24 | roller bearing |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE102009018822A1 DE102009018822A1 (en) | 2010-10-28 |
DE102009018822B4 true DE102009018822B4 (en) | 2011-09-01 |
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ID=42779729
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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DE102009018822A Expired - Fee Related DE102009018822B4 (en) | 2009-04-24 | 2009-04-24 | roller bearing |
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DE (1) | DE102009018822B4 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108443317A (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2018-08-24 | 海宁科巍轴承科技有限公司 | A kind of hybrid ceramic cylinder roller bearing ring |
DE202019005833U1 (en) | 2018-10-12 | 2022-06-02 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Roller bed for glass panes |
DE102022117033A1 (en) | 2022-07-08 | 2024-01-11 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Thin ring bearing and computer tomograph with such a thin ring bearing |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2370173A (en) * | 1941-08-25 | 1945-02-27 | Elizabeth B Dickson | Antifriction bearing |
US2845311A (en) * | 1954-04-26 | 1958-07-29 | Gen Motors Corp | Antifriction bearing |
DE2800854A1 (en) * | 1977-01-21 | 1978-07-27 | Suisse Horlogerie Rech Lab | PRECISION ROLLER BEARING FOR EXTREME CONDITIONS |
JPS58163821A (en) * | 1982-03-19 | 1983-09-28 | Fuji Seikou Kk | Bearing |
EP1262674A2 (en) * | 2001-05-29 | 2002-12-04 | NSK Ltd., | Rolling sliding member and rolling apparatus |
US20040223676A1 (en) * | 2001-04-22 | 2004-11-11 | Pope Bill J. | Bearings, races and components thereof having diamond and other superhard surfaces |
DE102006008438A1 (en) * | 2006-02-23 | 2007-09-06 | Ab Skf | Bearing arrangement has running track section fixed on conically formed surface by material bonding, wherein this connection may be in spot form or extensive over surface |
DE102006024603A1 (en) * | 2006-05-26 | 2007-11-29 | Schaeffler Kg | Heavy-duty anti-friction bearing (AFB), e.g. for arrangements of main-shaft bearings in high-rev gas turbines, gearboxes and arrangements of rotor bearings in helicopters, has an AFB ring |
-
2009
- 2009-04-24 DE DE102009018822A patent/DE102009018822B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2370173A (en) * | 1941-08-25 | 1945-02-27 | Elizabeth B Dickson | Antifriction bearing |
US2845311A (en) * | 1954-04-26 | 1958-07-29 | Gen Motors Corp | Antifriction bearing |
DE2800854A1 (en) * | 1977-01-21 | 1978-07-27 | Suisse Horlogerie Rech Lab | PRECISION ROLLER BEARING FOR EXTREME CONDITIONS |
JPS58163821A (en) * | 1982-03-19 | 1983-09-28 | Fuji Seikou Kk | Bearing |
US20040223676A1 (en) * | 2001-04-22 | 2004-11-11 | Pope Bill J. | Bearings, races and components thereof having diamond and other superhard surfaces |
EP1262674A2 (en) * | 2001-05-29 | 2002-12-04 | NSK Ltd., | Rolling sliding member and rolling apparatus |
DE102006008438A1 (en) * | 2006-02-23 | 2007-09-06 | Ab Skf | Bearing arrangement has running track section fixed on conically formed surface by material bonding, wherein this connection may be in spot form or extensive over surface |
DE102006024603A1 (en) * | 2006-05-26 | 2007-11-29 | Schaeffler Kg | Heavy-duty anti-friction bearing (AFB), e.g. for arrangements of main-shaft bearings in high-rev gas turbines, gearboxes and arrangements of rotor bearings in helicopters, has an AFB ring |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
Wikipedia http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartmetall * |
wissen.de/Technik, http://www.de/wde/generator/wissen/ressorts/ technik/index * |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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DE102009018822A1 (en) | 2010-10-28 |
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OP8 | Request for examination as to paragraph 44 patent law | ||
R018 | Grant decision by examination section/examining division | ||
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Effective date: 20111202 |
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Owner name: KREYER, NORBERT, DIPL.-ING., DE Free format text: FORMER OWNERS: DEUTSCHES ZENTRUM FUER LUFT- UND RAUMFAHRT E.V., 51147 KOELN, DE; KREYER, NORBERT, DIPL.-ING., 56651 NIEDERZISSEN, DE Owner name: WEBER, KLAUS, DIPL.-ING., DE Free format text: FORMER OWNERS: DEUTSCHES ZENTRUM FUER LUFT- UND RAUMFAHRT E.V., 51147 KOELN, DE; KREYER, NORBERT, DIPL.-ING., 56651 NIEDERZISSEN, DE Owner name: KTW TECHNOLOGY GMBH, DE Free format text: FORMER OWNERS: DEUTSCHES ZENTRUM FUER LUFT- UND RAUMFAHRT E.V., 51147 KOELN, DE; KREYER, NORBERT, DIPL.-ING., 56651 NIEDERZISSEN, DE |
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Representative=s name: DOMPATENT VON KREISLER SELTING WERNER - PARTNE, DE |
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Owner name: KREYER, NORBERT, DIPL.-ING., DE Free format text: FORMER OWNER: KREYER, NORBERT, DIPL.-ING., 56651 NIEDERZISSEN, DE Owner name: KTW TECHNOLOGY GMBH, DE Free format text: FORMER OWNER: KREYER, NORBERT, DIPL.-ING., 56651 NIEDERZISSEN, DE Owner name: WEBER, KLAUS, DIPL.-ING., DE Free format text: FORMER OWNER: KREYER, NORBERT, DIPL.-ING., 56651 NIEDERZISSEN, DE |
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R119 | Application deemed withdrawn, or ip right lapsed, due to non-payment of renewal fee |