EP2021557B1 - Wooden lattice beam for construction - Google Patents

Wooden lattice beam for construction Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP2021557B1
EP2021557B1 EP07722219.8A EP07722219A EP2021557B1 EP 2021557 B1 EP2021557 B1 EP 2021557B1 EP 07722219 A EP07722219 A EP 07722219A EP 2021557 B1 EP2021557 B1 EP 2021557B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grooves
pins
glued
struts
groove
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP07722219.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2021557A1 (en
Inventor
Artur Schwörer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Peri GmbH
Original Assignee
Peri GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Peri GmbH filed Critical Peri GmbH
Publication of EP2021557A1 publication Critical patent/EP2021557A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2021557B1 publication Critical patent/EP2021557B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/12—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/12—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
    • E04C3/16—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members with apertured web, e.g. trusses
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/26—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0486—Truss like structures composed of separate truss elements
    • E04C2003/0491—Truss like structures composed of separate truss elements the truss elements being located in one single surface or in several parallel surfaces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a lattice girder made of wood for the construction sector with an upper belt and a lower belt, which are connected by struts, which each have at their ends pins, the pins of one end of the struts in grooves of the upper belt, the run in the longitudinal direction of the upper belt, are glued and the pins of each of the other end of the struts in grooves of the lower belt, which extend in the longitudinal direction of the lower belt, glued.
  • Such lattice girders are used, for example, as a carrier in a formwork of concrete structures to be concreted, in particular of concrete ceilings and walls.
  • Generic lattice girders are eg from the documents DE 18 07 956 B1 . DE 18 17 718 A1 . DE 2242329 A1 or US2780842A known.
  • these lattice girders there are grooves in the straps which extend in the longitudinal direction of the straps, the side surfaces of the grooves being aligned parallel to one another. These grooves are usually milled.
  • the pins are worked out of the ends of the struts. Since the struts in generic lattice girders are usually oblique, with an angle of about 45% on the straps, the pins have a triangular basic shape in their plane parallel to the longitudinal direction of the struts.
  • the pins are formed by introducing parallel to this longitudinal sections cuts in the ends of the struts. So they also have mutually parallel side surfaces.
  • wood glue is applied to the side surfaces of the pins and / or the grooves. Since the pins and the grooves, worked according to a tongue and groove connection on fit, the glue is displaced during the insertion of the pins in the grooves of the side surfaces in the groove bottom. In the case of a poor tolerance position, therefore, there is often too little glue left on the side surfaces in order to ensure a permanently firm gluing.
  • the US 3,452,501 discloses a wooden lattice girder for the construction sector with an upper girth and a lower girdle joined together by struts which each have pins at their ends.
  • the pins are each one end of the struts in grooves of the upper belt, which run in the longitudinal direction of the upper belt, glued and the pins of each of the other end of the struts in grooves of the lower belt, which run in the longitudinal direction of the lower belt glued.
  • the grooves are not adjusted in length to the dimensions of the pins but extend along the entire length of the straps.
  • the grooves are adapted to the dimensions of the pins. These grooves have a diamond-shaped cross-section.
  • the not adapted to the dimensions of the pins grooves have the disadvantage that dirt and / or water can penetrate into the grooves. The latter can lead to premature loosening of the glue.
  • the grooves can be performed with diamond-shaped cross-section. However, these are very expensive to produce. Even with a milling cutter, the grooves with diamond-shaped cross-section would be very difficult ausformbar.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a lattice girder and a method for producing the lattice girder, which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular a permanently strong connection between the straps and the struts is achieved in a wider tolerance range, with a simple production the lattice girder should be possible.
  • the lattice girder according to the invention made of wood for the construction sector has an upper belt and a lower belt, which are interconnected by struts on.
  • the struts have each at the ends of pins, wherein the pins of one end of the struts in grooves of the upper belt which extend in the longitudinal direction of the upper belt, glued and the pins of the other end of the struts in grooves of the lower belt, the run in the longitudinal direction of the lower belt, are glued.
  • the length of the grooves in the longitudinal direction of the straps at least substantially corresponds to the dimensions of the pin or pin inserted and glued into the respective groove, ie the grooves only extend over a partial length of the straps.
  • the side surfaces each extending in one of the grooves in the longitudinal directions form an acute angle and the surfaces of the pin glued into these respective side surfaces with these side surfaces enclose a corresponding acute angle.
  • the pins are tapered by the inclusion of the acute angle from the side surfaces towards their ends and the width of the grooves perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the straps decreases correspondingly towards their respective groove bottom.
  • the cross sections of the grooves are rectangular or substantially rectangular. The cross sections of the pins inserted into the grooves are formed accordingly so that a snug fit of the pins is achieved in the grooves. If several pins inserted into a groove, so is the cross section of the Spigot formed in the groove structure used in accordance with rectangular.
  • the pins can fill and seal the volume of the grooves in such a way that no contaminants can penetrate into the grooves.
  • the rectangular design of the cross sections of the grooves allows easy production of the lattice girder according to the invention, since such grooves can be easily prepared by means of circular saw blades. In this case, at least two circular saw cuts are introduced, each with an angle to each other angled cutting plane to form a groove in a respective belt.
  • the ends of the struts each have two pins, a construction with high load capacity is achieved without too high production costs for forming the structures to be glued.
  • a gap Preferably lies between the nutground remedyen end of the pin and the groove bottom of the groove into which the respective pin is glued, a gap.
  • This space can be the Leimmengen, the Assemble the struts with the straps are displaced by the pressing of the side surfaces of the pins on the side surfaces of the grooves record, so that insertion of the pins in the grooves is possible without resulting from these Leimmengen displacement resistance.
  • the grooves of the grooves in the longitudinal direction of the straps each have a semicircular profile
  • the grooves can be cut by means of several inclined saw blades successively in the rotating belt.
  • two adjacent struts are interlinked in the region of their ends glued in grooves of one of the straps. This allows power transmission from strut to strut. A transverse load can be better absorbed by the lattice girder according to the invention.
  • the glued ends are preferably interlocked with each other via a fine galvanizing of adjacent pins.
  • Fine galvanizing forms a high contact surface due to the zigzag shape of the surfaces to be joined formed by the fine galvanizing. When gluing such trained contact surfaces a great strength is achieved.
  • the mutually toothed ends in the longitudinal direction of the straps each form a semicircular profile.
  • the corresponding edges of the obliquely adjacent to each other Struts then have an elliptical shape together with the semicircular profile.
  • Such shaped toothed ends, or pins, are according to the invention accurately positioned in correspondingly shaped grooves.
  • the contact surfaces to be bonded that is to say the side surfaces of the pins and the associated side surfaces of the grooves, are maximized in terms of their area, which leads to particularly strong gluing and thus to particularly stable lattice girders.
  • FIGS. 1 a section of a lattice girder 1 according to the invention is shown.
  • FIG. 1a shows the section in assembled state and
  • FIG. 1b shows the section in an exploded view.
  • the lattice girder 1 has the dimensions that are common for such lattice girders in the construction sector.
  • the lattice girder 1 is a few meters long and its struts 2 and 4.5 straps are a few inches thick.
  • the lattice girder 1 has an upper belt 4 and a lower belt 5.
  • the straps 4,5 are connected to each other by struts 2.
  • the struts 2 are obliquely on the straps 4,5, wherein the struts 2 with the straps 4,5 approximately enclose an angle of 45 °.
  • the struts 2 each have at their ends two pins 7.
  • the straps 4,5 point in the longitudinal direction extending grooves 9, wherein in each case a groove 9 is associated with a pin 7.
  • a pin 7 is glued into the associated groove 9.
  • the pins 7 each one end of the struts 2 are thus glued into grooves 9 of the upper belt 4 and the pins 7 each of the other end of the struts 2 are glued into grooves 9 of the lower belt 5.
  • each of a groove 9 forms an acute angle
  • the surfaces 10 of the peg 7 glued into these respective side surfaces 12 enclose a corresponding acute angle.
  • the respective side surfaces 10,12 of the pin 7 and the grooves 9 are therefore not parallel to each other.
  • the pins 7 thereby taper towards their ends. Accordingly, the width of the grooves 9 decreases perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the straps 4,5 in the direction of their groove bottom by the inclusion of the acute angle.
  • the pins 7 are glued in the grooves 9 with their respective side surfaces 10,12 fit. In each case two adjacent struts 2 are interlocked in the region of their glued in grooves 9 of the straps 4.5 ends.
  • the ends of the struts 2 and the pins 7 at their adjoining areas a fine galvanizing 14.
  • This fine galvanizing 14 consists in each case of a zigzag profiling of the regions formed on these regions, the profilings of the adjacent regions being complementary to one another in such a way that they intermesh with one another so that the corresponding lateral surfaces of the pins 7 and the struts 2 are respectively in a level.
  • the zigzag profiles of the Fine galvanizing 14 can be seen in the figures in the areas adjacent to the pin 7 areas of the struts 2.
  • the groove bases of the grooves 9 each have a semicircular profile in the longitudinal direction of the straps 4, 5.
  • a corresponding semicircular profile 16 form the mutually toothed ends of the struts 2, or the toothed pin 7 in the longitudinal direction of the straps 4,5 respectively. That is, together with the associated edges of the struts 2 an elliptical shape is formed. As a result, the mutually glued side surfaces 10 are formed over a large area.
  • FIG. 2 is the section of the lattice girder according to the invention from the FIGS. 1 shown in a side view.
  • the dimensions of the pins 7, as they are positioned in the belts 4, 5 in the glued state, are indicated by semicircular dashed lines 20.
  • the semicircular profiles of the interlocking pin 7 and the groove bases correspond to these dashed lines 20 (simplified representation without tine play).
  • the dimension of the Feinverzinkache 14 with respect to the depth of their mutual engagement in the respective adjacent strut 2 by two parallel dashed lines in the adjacent regions of the adjacent struts is shown.
  • FIG. 3 shows a single strut 2 of the lattice girder from the FIGS. 1 , Good to see the tapered shape of the pin 7, which is formed by the formation of an acute angle through the respective side surfaces 10 of each pin 7.
  • a tine 31 of a respective zigzag profiling 30 of one end of the strut 2 is guided over the entire length of a respective pin 7.
  • a lattice girder 1 made of wood for the construction sector with an upper belt 4 and a lower belt 5, which are connected by struts 2, each having at their ends pin 7, with each other, the pins 7 each end of the struts 2 in Grooves 9 of the upper belt 4, which extend in the longitudinal direction of the upper belt 4, are glued and the pins 7 each of the other end of the struts 2 in grooves 9 of the lower belt 5, which extend in the longitudinal direction of the lower belt 5, glued.
  • the side surfaces 12 extending in each of the longitudinal directions in each case one of the grooves 9 form an acute angle and the surfaces 10 of the peg 7 glued into these respective side surfaces 12 enclose a corresponding acute angle.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Gitterträger aus Holz für den Baubereich mit einem oberen Gurt und einem unteren Gurt, die durch Streben, die jeweils an deren Enden Zapfen aufweisen, miteinander verbunden sind, wobei die Zapfen jeweils eines Endes der Streben in Nuten des oberen Gurts, die in Längsrichtung des oberen Gurts verlaufen, verleimt sind und die Zapfen jeweils des anderen Endes der Streben in Nuten des unteren Gurts, die in Längsrichtung des unteren Gurts verlaufen, verleimt sind. Derartige Gitterträger werden z.B. als Träger bei einer Schalung von zu betonierenden Betonstrukturen, insbesondere von Betondecken und - wänden, eingesetzt.The invention relates to a lattice girder made of wood for the construction sector with an upper belt and a lower belt, which are connected by struts, which each have at their ends pins, the pins of one end of the struts in grooves of the upper belt, the run in the longitudinal direction of the upper belt, are glued and the pins of each of the other end of the struts in grooves of the lower belt, which extend in the longitudinal direction of the lower belt, glued. Such lattice girders are used, for example, as a carrier in a formwork of concrete structures to be concreted, in particular of concrete ceilings and walls.

Gattungsgemäße Gitterträger sind z.B. aus den Druckschriften DE 18 07 956 B1 , DE 18 17 718 A1 , DE 2242329 A1 oder US2780842A bekannt. Bei diesen Gitterträgern sind in den Gurten Nuten vorhanden, die in Längsrichtung der Gurte verlaufen, wobei die Seitenflächen der Nuten parallel zueinander ausgerichtet sind. Diese Nuten werden üblicherweise gefräst. Die Zapfen sind aus den Enden der Streben herausgearbeitet. Da die Streben bei gattungsgemäßen Gitterträgern üblicherweise schräg, mit einem Winkel von ca. 45% auf die Gurte stehen, haben die Zapfen eine Dreieckgrundform in ihrer Ebene parallel zur Längsrichtung der Streben. Die Zapfen sind dabei durch Einbringen von zu dieser Längsrichtung parallelen Schnitten in die Enden der Streben ausgebildet. Sie weisen also auch parallel zueinander stehende Seitenflächen auf.
Beim Verleimen der Zapfen in den Nuten wird Holzleim auf die Seitenflächen der Zapfen und/oder der Nuten aufgebracht. Da die Zapfen und die Nuten, gemäß einer Nut- und Federverbindung auf Passung gearbeitet sind, wird der Leim beim Einschieben der Zapfen in die Nuten von den Seitenflächen in den Nutgrund verschoben. Bei schlechter Toleranzlage verbleibt daher häufig zu wenig Leim an den Seitenoberflächen, um eine dauerhaft feste Verleimung sicher zu stellen.
Die US 3,452,501 offenbart einen Gitterträger aus Holz für den Baubereich mit einem oberen Gurt und einem unteren Gurt, die durch Streben, die jeweils an deren Enden Zapfen aufweisen, miteinander verbunden sind. Dabei sind die Zapfen jeweils eines Endes der Streben in Nuten des oberen Gurts, die in Längsrichtung des oberen Gurts verlaufen, verleimt und die Zapfen jeweils des anderen Endes der Streben in Nuten des unteren Gurts, die in Längsrichtung des unteren Gurts verlaufen, verleimt.Generic lattice girders are eg from the documents DE 18 07 956 B1 . DE 18 17 718 A1 . DE 2242329 A1 or US2780842A known. In these lattice girders, there are grooves in the straps which extend in the longitudinal direction of the straps, the side surfaces of the grooves being aligned parallel to one another. These grooves are usually milled. The pins are worked out of the ends of the struts. Since the struts in generic lattice girders are usually oblique, with an angle of about 45% on the straps, the pins have a triangular basic shape in their plane parallel to the longitudinal direction of the struts. The pins are formed by introducing parallel to this longitudinal sections cuts in the ends of the struts. So they also have mutually parallel side surfaces.
When gluing the pins in the grooves, wood glue is applied to the side surfaces of the pins and / or the grooves. Since the pins and the grooves, worked according to a tongue and groove connection on fit, the glue is displaced during the insertion of the pins in the grooves of the side surfaces in the groove bottom. In the case of a poor tolerance position, therefore, there is often too little glue left on the side surfaces in order to ensure a permanently firm gluing.
The US 3,452,501 discloses a wooden lattice girder for the construction sector with an upper girth and a lower girdle joined together by struts which each have pins at their ends. In this case, the pins are each one end of the struts in grooves of the upper belt, which run in the longitudinal direction of the upper belt, glued and the pins of each of the other end of the struts in grooves of the lower belt, which run in the longitudinal direction of the lower belt glued.

In einer Ausführungsform der Nuten sind die Nuten in ihrer Länge nicht an die Abmessungen der Zapfen angepasst sondern verlaufen entlang der gesamten Länge der Gurte.
In einer anderen Ausführungsform sind die Nuten an die Abmessungen der Zapfen angepasst. Diese Nuten weisen einen rautenförmigen Querschnitt auf.
Die nicht an die Abmessungen der Zapfen angepassten Nuten haben den Nachteil, dass Verschmutzungen und/oder Wasser in die Nuten eindringen können. Letzteres kann zu einem frühzeitigen Lösen der Verleimung führen.
Zur Vermeidung dieser Problematik können z.B. die Nuten mit rautenförmigem Querschnitt ausgeführt werden. Diese sind jedoch nur sehr aufwändig herstellbar. Selbst mit einer Fräse wären die Nuten mit rautenförmiger Querschnitt nur sehr schwer ausformbar.In one embodiment of the grooves, the grooves are not adjusted in length to the dimensions of the pins but extend along the entire length of the straps.
In another embodiment, the grooves are adapted to the dimensions of the pins. These grooves have a diamond-shaped cross-section.
The not adapted to the dimensions of the pins grooves have the disadvantage that dirt and / or water can penetrate into the grooves. The latter can lead to premature loosening of the glue.
To avoid this problem, for example, the grooves can be performed with diamond-shaped cross-section. However, these are very expensive to produce. Even with a milling cutter, the grooves with diamond-shaped cross-section would be very difficult ausformbar.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Gitterträger und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des Gitterträgers bereitzustellen, welche die Nachteile des Standes der Technik vermeidet, insbesondere wobei eine dauerhaft feste Verbindung zwischen den Gurten und den Streben in einem größeren Toleranzbereich erreicht wird, wobei eine einfache Herstellung des Gitterträgers möglich sein soll.The invention has for its object to provide a lattice girder and a method for producing the lattice girder, which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular a permanently strong connection between the straps and the struts is achieved in a wider tolerance range, with a simple production the lattice girder should be possible.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch den Gitterträger und dessen Herstellungsverfahren nach den unabhängigen Ansprüchen gelöst. Die abhängigen Ansprüche stellen bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung dar.This object is achieved by the lattice girder and its manufacturing method according to the independent claims. The dependent claims represent preferred embodiments of the invention.

Der erfindungsgemäße Gitterträger aus Holz für den Baubereich weist einen oberen Gurt und einen unteren Gurt, die durch Streben miteinander verbunden sind, auf. Die Streben weisen jeweils an deren Enden Zapfen auf, wobei die Zapfen jeweils eines Endes der Streben in Nuten des oberen Gurts , die in Längsrichtung des oberen Gurts verlaufen, verleimt sind und die Zapfen jeweils des anderen Endes der Streben in Nuten des unteren Gurts, die in Längsrichtung des unteren Gurts verlaufen, verleimt sind. Dabei entspricht jeweils die Länge der Nuten in Längsrichtung der Gurte den Abmessungen der oder des in die jeweilige Nut eingesetzten und verleimten Zapfens zumindest im Wesentlichen, d.h. die Nuten erstrecken sich jeweils lediglich über eine Teillänge der Gurte.
Die in den Längsrichtungen verlaufenden Seitenoberflächen jeweils einer der Nuten schließen einen spitzen Winkel ein und die mit diesen Seitenoberflächen verleimten Oberflächen des in die jeweilige Nut verleimten Zapfens schließen einen entsprechenden spitzen Winkel ein. Die Zapfen verjüngen sich durch das Einschließen des spitzen Winkels von den Seitenoberflächen in Richtung ihrer Enden und die Breite der Nuten senkrecht zur Längsrichtung der Gurte verringert sich in Richtung ihres jeweiligen Nutgrundes entsprechend.
Erfindungsgemäß sind die Querschnitte der Nuten rechteckförmig oder im Wesentlichen rechteckförmig ausgeführt. Auch die Querschnitte der in die Nuten eingesetzten Zapfen sind entsprechend ausgeformt damit ein passgenauer Sitz der Zapfen in den Nuten erreicht wird. Sind mehrere Zapfen in eine Nut eingesetzt, so ist der Querschnitt der von den Zapfen ausgebildeten in die Nut eingesetzten Struktur entsprechend rechteckförmig ausgeführt.
So wird auf die Seitenoberflächen aufgebrachter Leim nicht, oder nur unwesentlich, beim Einschieben der Zapfen in die Nuten in Richtung der Nutgründe verschoben. Der Leim verbleibt an den Oberflächen, wodurch ausreichend Leim zu einer festen und dauerhaften Verleimung der Seitenoberflächen an Ort und Stelle verbleibt. Durch die längenangepasste Ausformung der Nuten können die Zapfen das Volumen der Nuten derart ausfüllen und abdichten, dass keine Verschmutzungen in die Nuten eindringen können. Die rechteckförmige Ausbildung der Querschnitte der Nuten ermöglicht eine einfache Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Gitterträgers, da derartige Nuten einfach mittels Kreissägeblättern hergestellt werden können. Dabei werden zumindest zwei Kreissägeschnitte mit jeweils zueinander abgewinkelter Schnittebene zur Ausbildung einer Nut in einen jeweiligen Gurt eingebracht. So ist eine kostengünstige und rasche Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Gitterträgers möglich.
Wenn die Enden der Streben jeweils zwei Zapfen aufweisen, wird eine Konstruktion mit hoher Tragfähigkeit erreicht, ohne dass zu hoher Herstellungsaufwand zur Ausformung der zu verleimenden Strukturen entsteht.
Bevorzugt liegt zwischen dem nutgrundseitigen Ende der Zapfen und dem Nutgrund der Nut, in den der jeweilige Zapfen verleimt ist, ein Zwischenraum. Dieser Zwischenraum kann die Leimmengen, die beim Zusammenfügen der Streben mit den Gurten durch das Anpressen der Seitenoberflächen der Zapfen an die Seitenoberflächen der Nuten verdrängt werden, aufnehmen so dass ein Einschieben der Zapfen in die Nuten ohne einen von diesen Leimmengen entstehenden Verdrängungswiderstand möglich ist.The lattice girder according to the invention made of wood for the construction sector has an upper belt and a lower belt, which are interconnected by struts on. The struts have each at the ends of pins, wherein the pins of one end of the struts in grooves of the upper belt which extend in the longitudinal direction of the upper belt, glued and the pins of the other end of the struts in grooves of the lower belt, the run in the longitudinal direction of the lower belt, are glued. In this case, in each case the length of the grooves in the longitudinal direction of the straps at least substantially corresponds to the dimensions of the pin or pin inserted and glued into the respective groove, ie the grooves only extend over a partial length of the straps.
The side surfaces each extending in one of the grooves in the longitudinal directions form an acute angle and the surfaces of the pin glued into these respective side surfaces with these side surfaces enclose a corresponding acute angle. The pins are tapered by the inclusion of the acute angle from the side surfaces towards their ends and the width of the grooves perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the straps decreases correspondingly towards their respective groove bottom.
According to the invention, the cross sections of the grooves are rectangular or substantially rectangular. The cross sections of the pins inserted into the grooves are formed accordingly so that a snug fit of the pins is achieved in the grooves. If several pins inserted into a groove, so is the cross section of the Spigot formed in the groove structure used in accordance with rectangular.
Thus, glue applied to the side surfaces is not displaced, or only insignificantly, when the pins are inserted into the grooves in the direction of the groove bottoms. The glue remains on the surfaces, leaving sufficient glue for a firm and permanent gluing of the side surfaces in place. Due to the length-adapted shaping of the grooves, the pins can fill and seal the volume of the grooves in such a way that no contaminants can penetrate into the grooves. The rectangular design of the cross sections of the grooves allows easy production of the lattice girder according to the invention, since such grooves can be easily prepared by means of circular saw blades. In this case, at least two circular saw cuts are introduced, each with an angle to each other angled cutting plane to form a groove in a respective belt. Thus, a cost-effective and rapid production of the lattice girder according to the invention is possible.
If the ends of the struts each have two pins, a construction with high load capacity is achieved without too high production costs for forming the structures to be glued.
Preferably lies between the nutgrundseitigen end of the pin and the groove bottom of the groove into which the respective pin is glued, a gap. This space can be the Leimmengen, the Assemble the struts with the straps are displaced by the pressing of the side surfaces of the pins on the side surfaces of the grooves record, so that insertion of the pins in the grooves is possible without resulting from these Leimmengen displacement resistance.

Wenn die Nutgründe der Nuten in Längsrichtung der Gurte jeweils ein Halbkreisprofil aufweisen, können die Nuten mittels mehrerer geneigter Sägeblätter nacheinander in die des rotierenden Gurtes eingeschnitten werden.If the grooves of the grooves in the longitudinal direction of the straps each have a semicircular profile, the grooves can be cut by means of several inclined saw blades successively in the rotating belt.

Vorteilhaft sind jeweils zwei benachbarte Streben im Bereich ihrer in Nuten eines der Gurte verleimten Enden miteinander verzahnt. Dadurch wird eine Kraftübertragung von Strebe zu Strebe ermöglicht. Eine Querbelastung kann dadurch vom erfindungsgemäßen Gitterträger besser aufgenommen werden.Advantageously, two adjacent struts are interlinked in the region of their ends glued in grooves of one of the straps. This allows power transmission from strut to strut. A transverse load can be better absorbed by the lattice girder according to the invention.

Dabei sind die verleimten Enden bevorzugt über eine Feinverzinkung aneinandergrenzender Zapfen miteinander verzahnt. Eine Feinverzinkung bildet durch die von der Feinverzinkung ausgebildete Zickzackform der zu verbindenden Oberflächen eine hohe Kontaktfläche aus. Bei einer Verleimung derart ausgebildeter Kontaktflächen wird eine große Festigkeit erreicht.The glued ends are preferably interlocked with each other via a fine galvanizing of adjacent pins. Fine galvanizing forms a high contact surface due to the zigzag shape of the surfaces to be joined formed by the fine galvanizing. When gluing such trained contact surfaces a great strength is achieved.

Besonders bevorzugt bilden die miteinander verzahnten Enden in Längsrichtung der Gurte jeweils ein Halbkreisprofil aus. Die entsprechenden Kanten der schräg aufeinander stehenden benachbarten Streben weisen dann zusammen mit dem Halbkreisprofil eine Ellipsenform auf. Derartig ausgeformte verzahnte Enden, bzw. Zapfen, werden erfindungsgemäß passgenau in entsprechend ausgeformten Nuten positioniert. Durch die Halbkreisprofilierung werden die zu verleimenden Kontaktflächen, also die Seitenoberflächen der Zapfen und die zugehörigen Seitenoberflächen der Nuten, hinsichtlich ihrer Fläche maximiert, was zu einer besonders festen Verleimung und damit zu besonders stabilen Gitterträgern führt.Particularly preferably, the mutually toothed ends in the longitudinal direction of the straps each form a semicircular profile. The corresponding edges of the obliquely adjacent to each other Struts then have an elliptical shape together with the semicircular profile. Such shaped toothed ends, or pins, are according to the invention accurately positioned in correspondingly shaped grooves. As a result of the semicircular profiling, the contact surfaces to be bonded, that is to say the side surfaces of the pins and the associated side surfaces of the grooves, are maximized in terms of their area, which leads to particularly strong gluing and thus to particularly stable lattice girders.

Erfindungsgemäß weisen die Nuten in den Gurten in Seitenansicht kreis- und/oder ovalförmige Teilflächen auf, an die entsprechende Zinkenprofile der Streben angepasst sind.
Zur Herstellung von erfindungsgemäßen Gitterträgern werden die Zapfen der Streben in die Nuten der Gurte verleimt. Dabei wird zur Anfertigung der Nuten bevorzugt mittels eines Kreissägeblattes eine erste der in den Längsrichtungen der Gurte verlaufenden Seitenoberflächen jeweils einer Nut, durch Einbringen eines ersten Kreissägeschnitts, ausgebildet. Dann wird die zweite der in den Längsrichtungen der Gurte verlaufenden Seitenoberflächen dieser Nut durch Einbringen eines zweiten Kreissägeschnitts ausgebildet. Die Schnittebenen der Kreissägeschnitte werden entsprechend des zu erzeugenden spitzen Winkels zwischen den Seitenoberflächen der Nut eingestellt.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen näher erläutert.

  • Figur 1a zeigt einen Abschnitt eines erfindungsgemäßen Gitterträgers.
  • Figur 1b zeigt den Abschnitt des erfindungsgemäßen Gitterträgers aus Figur 1a in einer Explosionsdarstellung.
  • Figur 2 zeigt den Abschnitt des erfindungsgemäßen Gitterträgers aus den Figuren 1 in einer Seitenansicht.
  • Figur 3 zeigt eine Strebe des Gitterträgers aus den Figuren 1.
According to the grooves in the straps in side view on circular and / or oval-shaped faces, are adapted to the corresponding tine profiles of the struts.
To produce lattice girders according to the invention, the pins of the struts are glued into the grooves of the straps. In this case, for the production of the grooves preferably by means of a circular saw blade, a first of the extending in the longitudinal directions of the straps side surfaces of a respective groove, by introducing a first circular saw cut formed. Then, the second of the side surfaces of this groove extending in the longitudinal directions of the straps is formed by inserting a second circular saw cut. The cutting planes of the circular saw cuts are set according to the acute angle to be generated between the side surfaces of the groove.
The invention will be explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment with reference to the drawings.
  • FIG. 1a shows a portion of a lattice girder according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1b shows the section of the lattice girder according to the invention FIG. 1a in an exploded view.
  • FIG. 2 shows the portion of the lattice girder according to the invention from the FIGS. 1 in a side view.
  • FIG. 3 shows a strut of the lattice girder from the FIGS. 1 ,

Die Figuren der Zeichnungen zeigen den erfindungsgemäßen Gegenstand stark schematisiert und sind nicht maßstäblich zu verstehen. Die einzelnen Bestandteile des erfindungsgemäßen Gegenstandes sind so dargestellt, dass ihr Aufbau gut gezeigt werden kann.The figures of the drawings show the subject matter of the invention in a highly schematic manner and are not to scale. The individual components of the article according to the invention are shown so that their structure can be well shown.

In den Figuren 1 ist ein Abschnitt eines erfindungsgemäßen Gitterträgers 1 dargestellt. Figur 1a zeigt den Abschnitt in zusammengefügtem Zustand und Figur 1b zeigt den Abschnitt in einer Explosionsdarstellung.
Der Gitterträger 1 hat die Abmessungen, die für derartige Gitterträger im Baubereich üblich sind. Der Gitterträger 1 ist einige Meter lang und dessen Streben 2 und die Gurte 4,5 sind einige Zentimeter stark. Der Gitterträger 1 weist einen oberen Gurt 4 und einen unteren Gurt 5 auf. Die Gurte 4,5 sind durch Streben 2 miteinander verbunden. Die Streben 2 stehen schräg auf die Gurte 4,5, wobei die Streben 2 mit den Gurten 4,5 ca. einen Winkel von 45° einschließen. Die Streben 2 weisen jeweils an deren Enden zwei Zapfen 7 auf. Die Gurte 4,5 weisen in deren Längsrichtung verlaufende Nuten 9 auf, wobei jeweils eine Nut 9 einem Zapfen 7 zugeordnet ist. Im zusammengefügten Zustand ist jeweils ein Zapfen 7 in die zugehörige Nut 9 verleimt. Die Zapfen 7 jeweils eines Endes der Streben 2 sind also in Nuten 9 des oberen Gurts 4 verleimt und die Zapfen 7 jeweils des anderen Endes der Streben 2 sind in Nuten 9 des unteren Gurts 5 verleimt. Die in den Längsrichtungen verlaufenden Seitenoberflächen 12 jeweils einer Nut 9 schließen einen spitzen Winkel ein und die mit diesen Seitenoberflächen 12 verleimten Oberflächen 10 des in die jeweilige Nut 9 verleimten Zapfens 7 schließen einen entsprechenden spitzen Winkel ein. Die jeweiligen Seitenoberflächen 10,12 der Zapfen 7 bzw. der Nuten 9 stehen also nicht parallel zueinander. Die Zapfen 7 verjüngen sich dadurch in Richtung ihrer Enden. Entsprechend nimmt die Breite der Nuten 9 senkrecht zur Längsrichtung der Gurte 4,5 in Richtung ihres Nutgrundes durch das Einschließen des spitzen Winkels ab. Im zusammengefügten Zustand sind die Zapfen 7 in den Nuten 9 mit deren jeweiligen Seitenoberflächen 10,12 passgenau verleimt. Jeweils zwei benachbarte Streben 2 sind im Bereich ihrer in Nuten 9 eines der Gurte 4,5 verleimten Enden miteinander verzahnt. Dazu weisen die Enden der Streben 2 und die Zapfen 7 an ihren aneinander angrenzenden Bereichen eine Feinverzinkung 14 auf. Diese Feinverzinkung 14 besteht aus jeweils einer an diesen Bereichen ausgebildeten Zickzackprofilierung der Bereiche, wobei die Profilierungen der benachbarten Bereiche zueinander derart komplementär ausgebildet sind, dass diese auf Passung ineinander verzahnen, so dass die sich entsprechenden seitlichen Oberflächen der Zapfen 7 und der Streben 2 jeweils in einer Ebene verlaufen. Die Zickzackprofilierungen der Feinverzinkung 14 sind in den Figuren in den an die Zapfen 7 angrenzenden Bereichen der Streben 2 erkennbar.
Die Nutgründe der Nuten 9 weisen in Längsrichtung der Gurte 4,5 jeweils ein Halbkreisprofil auf. Ein entsprechendes Halbkreisprofil 16 bilden die miteinander verzahnten Enden der Streben 2, bzw. die verzahnten Zapfen 7 in Längsrichtung der Gurte 4,5 jeweils aus. D.h. zusammen mit den zugehörigen Kanten der Streben 2 wird eine Ellipsenform ausgebildet. Dadurch sind die miteinander verleimten Seitenoberflächen 10 großflächig ausgebildet.In the FIGS. 1 a section of a lattice girder 1 according to the invention is shown. FIG. 1a shows the section in assembled state and FIG. 1b shows the section in an exploded view.
The lattice girder 1 has the dimensions that are common for such lattice girders in the construction sector. The lattice girder 1 is a few meters long and its struts 2 and 4.5 straps are a few inches thick. The lattice girder 1 has an upper belt 4 and a lower belt 5. The straps 4,5 are connected to each other by struts 2. The struts 2 are obliquely on the straps 4,5, wherein the struts 2 with the straps 4,5 approximately enclose an angle of 45 °. The struts 2 each have at their ends two pins 7. The straps 4,5 point in the longitudinal direction extending grooves 9, wherein in each case a groove 9 is associated with a pin 7. In the assembled state, in each case a pin 7 is glued into the associated groove 9. The pins 7 each one end of the struts 2 are thus glued into grooves 9 of the upper belt 4 and the pins 7 each of the other end of the struts 2 are glued into grooves 9 of the lower belt 5. The side surfaces 12 extending in the longitudinal directions, each of a groove 9, form an acute angle, and the surfaces 10 of the peg 7 glued into these respective side surfaces 12 enclose a corresponding acute angle. The respective side surfaces 10,12 of the pin 7 and the grooves 9 are therefore not parallel to each other. The pins 7 thereby taper towards their ends. Accordingly, the width of the grooves 9 decreases perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the straps 4,5 in the direction of their groove bottom by the inclusion of the acute angle. In the assembled state, the pins 7 are glued in the grooves 9 with their respective side surfaces 10,12 fit. In each case two adjacent struts 2 are interlocked in the region of their glued in grooves 9 of the straps 4.5 ends. For this purpose, the ends of the struts 2 and the pins 7 at their adjoining areas a fine galvanizing 14. This fine galvanizing 14 consists in each case of a zigzag profiling of the regions formed on these regions, the profilings of the adjacent regions being complementary to one another in such a way that they intermesh with one another so that the corresponding lateral surfaces of the pins 7 and the struts 2 are respectively in a level. The zigzag profiles of the Fine galvanizing 14 can be seen in the figures in the areas adjacent to the pin 7 areas of the struts 2.
The groove bases of the grooves 9 each have a semicircular profile in the longitudinal direction of the straps 4, 5. A corresponding semicircular profile 16 form the mutually toothed ends of the struts 2, or the toothed pin 7 in the longitudinal direction of the straps 4,5 respectively. That is, together with the associated edges of the struts 2 an elliptical shape is formed. As a result, the mutually glued side surfaces 10 are formed over a large area.

In Figur 2 ist der Abschnitt des erfindungsgemäßen Gitterträgers aus den Figuren 1 in einer Seitenansicht dargestellt. Dabei sind die Abmessungen der Zapfen 7, wie diese in den Gurten 4,5 im verleimten Zustand positioniert sind, mit halbkreisförmigen gestrichelten Linien 20 eingezeichnet. Die Halbkreisprofile der miteinander verzahnten Zapfen 7 und der Nutgründe entsprechen diesen gestrichelten Linien 20 (vereinfachte Darstellung ohne Zinkenspiel). Weiter ist die Abmessung der Feinverzinkungen 14 hinsichtlich der Tiefe ihres gegenseitigen Eingreifens in die jeweils benachbarte Strebe 2 durch jeweils zwei parallel verlaufende gestrichelte Linien in den angrenzenden Bereichen der benachbarten Streben dargestellt.In FIG. 2 is the section of the lattice girder according to the invention from the FIGS. 1 shown in a side view. The dimensions of the pins 7, as they are positioned in the belts 4, 5 in the glued state, are indicated by semicircular dashed lines 20. The semicircular profiles of the interlocking pin 7 and the groove bases correspond to these dashed lines 20 (simplified representation without tine play). Further, the dimension of the Feinverzinkungen 14 with respect to the depth of their mutual engagement in the respective adjacent strut 2 by two parallel dashed lines in the adjacent regions of the adjacent struts is shown.

Figur 3 zeigt eine einzelne Strebe 2 des Gitterträgers aus den Figuren 1. Gut zu erkennen ist die sich verjüngende Form der Zapfen 7, die durch das Ausbilden eines spitzen Winkels durch die jeweiligen Seitenoberflächen 10 eines jeden Zapfens 7 ausgebildet wird. Weiter ist die Ausformung der Feinverzinkung 14 im Bereich der an ihre Nachbarstrebe angrenzenden Bereiche der Enden der Strebe 2 und die zugehörige Zickzackprofilierung 30 dargestellt. Jeweils eine Zacke 31 einer jeweiligen Zickzackprofilierung 30 eines Endes der Strebe 2 ist über die gesamte Länge jeweils eines Zapfens 7 geführt.
Vorgeschlagen wird ein Gitterträger 1 aus Holz für den Baubereich mit einem oberen Gurt 4 und einem unteren Gurt 5, die durch Streben 2, die jeweils an deren Enden Zapfen 7 aufweisen, miteinander verbunden sind, wobei die Zapfen 7 jeweils eines Endes der Streben 2 in Nuten 9 des oberen Gurts 4, die in Längsrichtung des oberen Gurts 4 verlaufen, verleimt sind und die Zapfen 7 jeweils des anderen Endes der Streben 2 in Nuten 9 des unteren Gurts 5, die in Längsrichtung des unteren Gurts 5 verlaufen, verleimt sind. Die in den Längsrichtungen verlaufenden Seitenoberflächen 12 jeweils einer der Nuten 9 schließen einen spitzen Winkel ein und die mit diesen Seitenoberflächen 12 verleimten Oberflächen 10 des in die jeweilige Nut 9 verleimten Zapfens 7 schließen einen entsprechenden spitzen Winkel ein. FIG. 3 shows a single strut 2 of the lattice girder from the FIGS. 1 , Good to see the tapered shape of the pin 7, which is formed by the formation of an acute angle through the respective side surfaces 10 of each pin 7. Next is the shape of the fine galvanizing 14 in the area at their Neighboring strut adjacent areas of the ends of the strut 2 and the associated zigzag profiling 30 shown. In each case a tine 31 of a respective zigzag profiling 30 of one end of the strut 2 is guided over the entire length of a respective pin 7.
Proposed is a lattice girder 1 made of wood for the construction sector with an upper belt 4 and a lower belt 5, which are connected by struts 2, each having at their ends pin 7, with each other, the pins 7 each end of the struts 2 in Grooves 9 of the upper belt 4, which extend in the longitudinal direction of the upper belt 4, are glued and the pins 7 each of the other end of the struts 2 in grooves 9 of the lower belt 5, which extend in the longitudinal direction of the lower belt 5, glued. The side surfaces 12 extending in each of the longitudinal directions in each case one of the grooves 9 form an acute angle and the surfaces 10 of the peg 7 glued into these respective side surfaces 12 enclose a corresponding acute angle.

Claims (8)

  1. Wooden lattice beam (1) for construction, having an upper belt (4) and a lower belt (5) which are connected to one another by struts (2) which each have pins (7) at their ends, the pins (7) of in each case one end of the struts (2) being inserted and glued into grooves (9) of the upper belt (4), which grooves run in the longitudinal direction of the upper belt (4), and the pins (7) of in each case the other end of the struts (2) being inserted and glued into grooves (9) of the lower belt (5) which extend in the longitudinal direction of the lower belt (5), are inserted and glued, the length of the grooves in the longitudinal direction of the belts corresponding or substantially corresponding to the dimensions of the pins inserted therein, and the side surfaces (12) extending in the longitudinal directions of each of the grooves (9) forming an acute angle and the surfaces (10) of the pin (7) glued into the respective groove (9), which surfaces are glued to these side surfaces (12), forming a corresponding acute angle, the cross-sections of the grooves being of rectangular or substantially rectangular design and the grooves (9) in the belts (4, 5) having, in side view, circular and/or oval partial surfaces, and in that the corresponding tine profiles of the struts are adapted correspondingly to these partial surfaces.
  2. Wooden lattice beam (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the ends of the struts (2) each have two pins (7).
  3. Wooden lattice beam (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 2, characterised in that there is an intermediate space between the groove base end of the pins (7) and the groove base of the groove (9) into which the respective pin (7) is glued.
  4. Wooden lattice beam (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the groove bases of the grooves (9) each have a semi-circular profile (20) in the longitudinal direction of the belts (4, 5).
  5. Wooden lattice beam (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that in each case two adjacent struts (2) are interlocked in the region of their ends glued in grooves (9) of one of the belts (4, 5).
  6. Wooden lattice beam (1) according to Claim 5, characterized in that the glued ends are interlocked with one another via a fine dovetailing (14) of adjoining pins (7).
  7. Wooden lattice beam (1) according to at least one of claims 5 to 6, characterised in that the interlocked ends each form a semi-circular profile in the longitudinal direction of the belts.
  8. Method for producing a wooden lattice beam according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, the pins (7) of the struts (2) being glued into the grooves (9) of the belts (4, 5), characterized in that, by means of a circular saw blade, a first one of a side surfaces running in in the longitudinal directions of the belts (4, 5) of each groove is formed by introducing a first circular saw cut, and the second one of a side surfaces extending in in the longitudinal directions of the belts (4, 5) of each groove of the side surfaces (12) of the groove (9) extending in the longitudinal directions of the belts (4, 5) is formed by introducing a second circular saw cut, the cutting planes of the circular saw cuts being set in accordance with the acute angle to be produced between the side surfaces (12) of the groove (9).
EP07722219.8A 2006-05-10 2007-04-17 Wooden lattice beam for construction Active EP2021557B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006021731.4A DE102006021731B4 (en) 2006-05-10 2006-05-10 Method for producing a lattice girder made of wood for the construction sector
PCT/DE2007/000661 WO2007128255A1 (en) 2006-05-10 2007-04-17 Wooden lattice beam for construction

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2021557A1 EP2021557A1 (en) 2009-02-11
EP2021557B1 true EP2021557B1 (en) 2019-03-20

Family

ID=38292974

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07722219.8A Active EP2021557B1 (en) 2006-05-10 2007-04-17 Wooden lattice beam for construction

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (2) US20090094930A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2021557B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4818433B2 (en)
KR (1) KR101083891B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101443521B (en)
AU (1) AU2007247633B2 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0709790B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2650788C (en)
DE (1) DE102006021731B4 (en)
NO (1) NO342435B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2401922C2 (en)
UA (1) UA91620C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2007128255A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA200809478B (en)

Families Citing this family (78)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8239735B2 (en) 2006-05-12 2012-08-07 Apple Inc. Memory Device with adaptive capacity
WO2007132457A2 (en) 2006-05-12 2007-11-22 Anobit Technologies Ltd. Combined distortion estimation and error correction coding for memory devices
CN103280239B (en) 2006-05-12 2016-04-06 苹果公司 Distortion estimation in memory device and elimination
WO2008026203A2 (en) 2006-08-27 2008-03-06 Anobit Technologies Estimation of non-linear distortion in memory devices
US7821826B2 (en) * 2006-10-30 2010-10-26 Anobit Technologies, Ltd. Memory cell readout using successive approximation
WO2008053472A2 (en) 2006-10-30 2008-05-08 Anobit Technologies Ltd. Reading memory cells using multiple thresholds
US7924648B2 (en) * 2006-11-28 2011-04-12 Anobit Technologies Ltd. Memory power and performance management
US8151163B2 (en) 2006-12-03 2012-04-03 Anobit Technologies Ltd. Automatic defect management in memory devices
US7900102B2 (en) 2006-12-17 2011-03-01 Anobit Technologies Ltd. High-speed programming of memory devices
US7751240B2 (en) 2007-01-24 2010-07-06 Anobit Technologies Ltd. Memory device with negative thresholds
US8151166B2 (en) 2007-01-24 2012-04-03 Anobit Technologies Ltd. Reduction of back pattern dependency effects in memory devices
WO2008111058A2 (en) 2007-03-12 2008-09-18 Anobit Technologies Ltd. Adaptive estimation of memory cell read thresholds
US8001320B2 (en) 2007-04-22 2011-08-16 Anobit Technologies Ltd. Command interface for memory devices
WO2008139441A2 (en) 2007-05-12 2008-11-20 Anobit Technologies Ltd. Memory device with internal signal processing unit
US8234545B2 (en) 2007-05-12 2012-07-31 Apple Inc. Data storage with incremental redundancy
US7925936B1 (en) 2007-07-13 2011-04-12 Anobit Technologies Ltd. Memory device with non-uniform programming levels
US8259497B2 (en) 2007-08-06 2012-09-04 Apple Inc. Programming schemes for multi-level analog memory cells
US8174905B2 (en) 2007-09-19 2012-05-08 Anobit Technologies Ltd. Programming orders for reducing distortion in arrays of multi-level analog memory cells
US7773413B2 (en) * 2007-10-08 2010-08-10 Anobit Technologies Ltd. Reliable data storage in analog memory cells in the presence of temperature variations
US8068360B2 (en) 2007-10-19 2011-11-29 Anobit Technologies Ltd. Reading analog memory cells using built-in multi-threshold commands
US8000141B1 (en) 2007-10-19 2011-08-16 Anobit Technologies Ltd. Compensation for voltage drifts in analog memory cells
WO2009050703A2 (en) 2007-10-19 2009-04-23 Anobit Technologies Data storage in analog memory cell arrays having erase failures
KR101509836B1 (en) 2007-11-13 2015-04-06 애플 인크. Optimized selection of memory units in multi-unit memory devices
US8225181B2 (en) 2007-11-30 2012-07-17 Apple Inc. Efficient re-read operations from memory devices
US8209588B2 (en) 2007-12-12 2012-06-26 Anobit Technologies Ltd. Efficient interference cancellation in analog memory cell arrays
US8085586B2 (en) 2007-12-27 2011-12-27 Anobit Technologies Ltd. Wear level estimation in analog memory cells
US8156398B2 (en) 2008-02-05 2012-04-10 Anobit Technologies Ltd. Parameter estimation based on error correction code parity check equations
US7924587B2 (en) 2008-02-21 2011-04-12 Anobit Technologies Ltd. Programming of analog memory cells using a single programming pulse per state transition
US7864573B2 (en) * 2008-02-24 2011-01-04 Anobit Technologies Ltd. Programming analog memory cells for reduced variance after retention
US8230300B2 (en) 2008-03-07 2012-07-24 Apple Inc. Efficient readout from analog memory cells using data compression
US8400858B2 (en) 2008-03-18 2013-03-19 Apple Inc. Memory device with reduced sense time readout
US8059457B2 (en) 2008-03-18 2011-11-15 Anobit Technologies Ltd. Memory device with multiple-accuracy read commands
US8498151B1 (en) 2008-08-05 2013-07-30 Apple Inc. Data storage in analog memory cells using modified pass voltages
US7924613B1 (en) 2008-08-05 2011-04-12 Anobit Technologies Ltd. Data storage in analog memory cells with protection against programming interruption
US8949684B1 (en) 2008-09-02 2015-02-03 Apple Inc. Segmented data storage
US8169825B1 (en) 2008-09-02 2012-05-01 Anobit Technologies Ltd. Reliable data storage in analog memory cells subjected to long retention periods
US8482978B1 (en) 2008-09-14 2013-07-09 Apple Inc. Estimation of memory cell read thresholds by sampling inside programming level distribution intervals
US8000135B1 (en) 2008-09-14 2011-08-16 Anobit Technologies Ltd. Estimation of memory cell read thresholds by sampling inside programming level distribution intervals
US8239734B1 (en) 2008-10-15 2012-08-07 Apple Inc. Efficient data storage in storage device arrays
US8713330B1 (en) 2008-10-30 2014-04-29 Apple Inc. Data scrambling in memory devices
US8208304B2 (en) 2008-11-16 2012-06-26 Anobit Technologies Ltd. Storage at M bits/cell density in N bits/cell analog memory cell devices, M>N
US8397131B1 (en) 2008-12-31 2013-03-12 Apple Inc. Efficient readout schemes for analog memory cell devices
US8248831B2 (en) 2008-12-31 2012-08-21 Apple Inc. Rejuvenation of analog memory cells
US8924661B1 (en) 2009-01-18 2014-12-30 Apple Inc. Memory system including a controller and processors associated with memory devices
US8228701B2 (en) 2009-03-01 2012-07-24 Apple Inc. Selective activation of programming schemes in analog memory cell arrays
US8832354B2 (en) 2009-03-25 2014-09-09 Apple Inc. Use of host system resources by memory controller
US8259506B1 (en) 2009-03-25 2012-09-04 Apple Inc. Database of memory read thresholds
US8238157B1 (en) 2009-04-12 2012-08-07 Apple Inc. Selective re-programming of analog memory cells
US8479080B1 (en) 2009-07-12 2013-07-02 Apple Inc. Adaptive over-provisioning in memory systems
US8495465B1 (en) 2009-10-15 2013-07-23 Apple Inc. Error correction coding over multiple memory pages
US8677054B1 (en) 2009-12-16 2014-03-18 Apple Inc. Memory management schemes for non-volatile memory devices
US8694814B1 (en) 2010-01-10 2014-04-08 Apple Inc. Reuse of host hibernation storage space by memory controller
US8572311B1 (en) 2010-01-11 2013-10-29 Apple Inc. Redundant data storage in multi-die memory systems
US8694853B1 (en) 2010-05-04 2014-04-08 Apple Inc. Read commands for reading interfering memory cells
US8572423B1 (en) 2010-06-22 2013-10-29 Apple Inc. Reducing peak current in memory systems
US8595591B1 (en) 2010-07-11 2013-11-26 Apple Inc. Interference-aware assignment of programming levels in analog memory cells
US9104580B1 (en) 2010-07-27 2015-08-11 Apple Inc. Cache memory for hybrid disk drives
US8767459B1 (en) 2010-07-31 2014-07-01 Apple Inc. Data storage in analog memory cells across word lines using a non-integer number of bits per cell
US8856475B1 (en) 2010-08-01 2014-10-07 Apple Inc. Efficient selection of memory blocks for compaction
US8694854B1 (en) 2010-08-17 2014-04-08 Apple Inc. Read threshold setting based on soft readout statistics
US9021181B1 (en) 2010-09-27 2015-04-28 Apple Inc. Memory management for unifying memory cell conditions by using maximum time intervals
FR2996572B1 (en) * 2012-10-05 2017-11-24 Jacques Hengy STRUCTURED BEAM AND MODULAR BUILDING ELEMENT COMPLETED WITH THIS BEAM
WO2016024039A1 (en) * 2014-08-11 2016-02-18 Patenttitoimisto T. Poutanen Oy Timber truss joint
WO2016024040A1 (en) * 2014-08-11 2016-02-18 Patenttitoimisto T. Poutanen Oy Glued wood truss
CN105625794A (en) * 2016-02-03 2016-06-01 安徽鸿路钢结构(集团)股份有限公司 Full arc type steel tube connection intersection lattice all welding method
WO2017156573A1 (en) * 2016-03-15 2017-09-21 Andrew Thornton Structural member having paired flanges and web
DE102017206743A1 (en) * 2017-04-21 2018-10-25 Peri Gmbh Truss girder for the construction sector and method for producing such truss girder
US9928126B1 (en) 2017-06-01 2018-03-27 Apple Inc. Recovery from cross-temperature read failures by programming neighbor word lines
DE102018128825A1 (en) 2017-11-24 2019-05-29 Johannes Preiss Lattice formwork support
CA3004659A1 (en) * 2018-05-11 2019-11-11 Thomas Chizek Structural support system
US11162262B2 (en) * 2018-10-01 2021-11-02 Tuomo Poutanen Customized woody trussed joist
CN109083322A (en) * 2018-10-21 2018-12-25 王琪 A kind of steel construction with curved support frame
RU2725453C1 (en) * 2019-12-02 2020-07-02 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Казанский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет" (КазГАСУ) Wooden element connection assembly
RU197887U1 (en) * 2020-02-17 2020-06-04 Виктор Викторович Новожилов Glued wooden arched farm
US11220821B2 (en) * 2020-05-04 2022-01-11 Patenttitoimisto T. Poutanen Oy Glued timber trussed joist, joint and method
RU2755463C1 (en) * 2020-12-10 2021-09-16 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Казанский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет" (КазГАСУ) Wooden element junction
US11556416B2 (en) 2021-05-05 2023-01-17 Apple Inc. Controlling memory readout reliability and throughput by adjusting distance between read thresholds
US11847342B2 (en) 2021-07-28 2023-12-19 Apple Inc. Efficient transfer of hard data and confidence levels in reading a nonvolatile memory

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2900065A1 (en) * 1978-01-02 1979-08-02 Baveg WOODEN BEAM

Family Cites Families (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI27505A (en) * 1955-02-10 Hess Hanns Icke-metallisk balk för hög- och grundbyggnader
GB105464A (en) *
CA528034A (en) * 1956-07-24 Hess Hanns Non-metallic lattice girder
CH285408A (en) * 1950-10-11 1952-09-15 Hess Hanns Non-metallic carrier with an upper chord and a lower chord.
US2780842A (en) * 1950-10-11 1957-02-12 Hess Hanns Girders
US3452502A (en) * 1965-07-26 1969-07-01 Truswood Structures Ltd Wood truss joint
JPS5035333B1 (en) * 1968-03-19 1975-11-15
DE1817718C3 (en) * 1968-11-08 1974-03-28 Artur 7911 Thalfingen Schwoerer Wooden girders with upper and lower chords as well as struts connecting them. Eliminated from: 1807956
DE1807956B1 (en) * 1968-11-08 1970-06-25 Schwoerer Artur Non-metallic carrier
AT300294B (en) * 1970-12-23 1972-07-25 Erich Wiesner Dipl Ing Dr Tech Junction connection for wooden structures
IT1009522B (en) * 1972-05-24 1976-12-20 Cobeton Ag WOODEN BEAM IN PARTICULAR BEAM FOR FORMWORK
CH550908A (en) * 1972-07-24 1974-06-28 Palico Ag WOODEN BEAM WITH GLUED TINE JOINT BETWEEN BELT AND BAR, PROCESS FOR ITS MANUFACTURING AND EQUIPMENT FOR EXECUTING THE PROCESS.
DE2242329A1 (en) * 1972-08-29 1974-03-14 Dehne Karl CARRIER WITH I-CROSS SECTION AND THE PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION
US4442650A (en) * 1977-12-15 1984-04-17 Sivachenko Eugene W Girder construction
DE3137483A1 (en) * 1981-09-21 1983-04-07 Österreichische Doka Schalungs- und Gerüstungstechnik GmbH, 3300 Amstetten FORMWORK FORM OF WOOD AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SUCH A WOODEN FORMWORK
US4715162A (en) * 1986-01-06 1987-12-29 Trus Joist Corporation Wooden joist with web members having cut tapered edges and vent slots
US5323584A (en) * 1989-09-11 1994-06-28 Jager Industries Inc. Structural beam and joint therefor
US5660492A (en) * 1993-12-18 1997-08-26 Bathon; Leander Coupling for wood structural members
FR2718175B1 (en) * 1994-03-29 1996-08-23 Serge Roger Georges Lochu Wooden beam whose core consists of a trellis.
DE29717759U1 (en) * 1996-11-07 1998-02-05 Doka Industrie Ges.M.B.H, Amstetten Beam made of wood
CA2227424A1 (en) * 1997-04-02 1998-10-02 Camil Galardo Spaced compression member
FR2816649B1 (en) * 2000-11-14 2003-12-12 Dorean PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A WOODEN BEAM, WOODEN BEAM AND WOOD FRAME FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A BUILDING
US20020148192A1 (en) * 2001-02-13 2002-10-17 Romaro 2000 Limitee Structural wooden joist

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2900065A1 (en) * 1978-01-02 1979-08-02 Baveg WOODEN BEAM

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102006021731B4 (en) 2015-07-30
US20110289881A1 (en) 2011-12-01
WO2007128255A1 (en) 2007-11-15
RU2401922C2 (en) 2010-10-20
AU2007247633A1 (en) 2007-11-15
KR20080106591A (en) 2008-12-08
AU2007247633B2 (en) 2012-01-12
JP4818433B2 (en) 2011-11-16
DE102006021731A1 (en) 2007-11-22
JP2009536277A (en) 2009-10-08
ZA200809478B (en) 2009-11-25
NO342435B1 (en) 2018-05-22
NO20085109L (en) 2008-12-08
BRPI0709790B1 (en) 2018-01-09
CN101443521B (en) 2012-07-25
CA2650788A1 (en) 2007-11-15
BRPI0709790A2 (en) 2011-07-26
RU2008148599A (en) 2010-06-20
US20090094930A1 (en) 2009-04-16
CN101443521A (en) 2009-05-27
KR101083891B1 (en) 2011-11-15
CA2650788C (en) 2012-05-01
EP2021557A1 (en) 2009-02-11
UA91620C2 (en) 2010-08-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2021557B1 (en) Wooden lattice beam for construction
WO2015000747A2 (en) Panel element made of wood
AT12597U1 (en) CONNECTOR
EP2823114B1 (en) Building element composed of two panels with a coupling strip
DE2326827A1 (en) COMPONENT FOR A LAMELLA BOARD AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING IT
DE2646020C2 (en) Concrete component for a space lattice wall
DE102015211558A1 (en) Vehicle with a sandwich-like plate-shaped component
DE2742202C3 (en) Truss and method of making it
EP3612687A1 (en) Trussed girder for the construction industry and method for producing a trussed girder of this kind
DE2900065A1 (en) WOODEN BEAM
EP3730709A1 (en) Wall element for wood frame construction
CH698201B1 (en) Palisade system.
DE2649576C2 (en) Wooden beams
AT516502B1 (en) Device for connecting panel elements
DE1609898B1 (en) Joint training for wooden hall beams or the like from glued lamellas
DE202006014057U1 (en) Plank for wall element for wooden house construction has wood fibers in longitudinal direction of plank for at least one laminate board and transverse to longitudinal direction for at least one other laminate board
DE3210928A1 (en) I-shaped lightweight girder
DE29717759U1 (en) Beam made of wood
DE2006885C3 (en) Wooden girders with upper and lower chords as well as struts connecting them
DE102009048576A1 (en) Furniture panel is provided with core plate on one or both flat sides, where core plate is provided with multiple side by side running longitudinal strips
DE2122725C3 (en) Glued wooden lattice girders for building purposes
AT500671B1 (en) Corner joint formed by corner strip arranged in inner corner of outer plates of adjacent wall elements connected by spacing strips shaped to form an oblique angle at sides
CH709987B1 (en) Timber building board, method of manufacturing a wooden building block, method of joining at least one first wooden building block with at least one second wooden building block and wooden construction.
DE102009005102A1 (en) Component and method for producing a component
DE202008010523U1 (en) Building blocks for T-shaped wall sections

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20081210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL BA HR MK RS

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20140818

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20181114

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 502007016623

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 1110674

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20190415

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: GERMAN

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MP

Effective date: 20190320

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190320

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190320

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190320

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190621

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190620

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190320

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190320

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190320

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190720

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190320

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190320

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190320

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190320

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190320

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190320

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: BE

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20190430

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190417

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190720

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 502007016623

Country of ref document: DE

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190430

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190320

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190320

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190430

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20200102

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190430

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190320

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190320

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190417

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MM01

Ref document number: 1110674

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20190417

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190417

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190320

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO

Effective date: 20070417

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190320

P01 Opt-out of the competence of the unified patent court (upc) registered

Effective date: 20230602

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20230309

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20240307

Year of fee payment: 18

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20240307

Year of fee payment: 18