RU197887U1 - Glued wooden arched farm - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of civil engineering, in particular to the construction of buildings and structures for various purposes. The proposed utility model is aimed at achieving a technical result, which consists in creating a design of a two-girded wooden truss with a curved contour of an arched type, the nodal connections of which are made of glue. This solution allows to facilitate the production technology and installation of frames in the construction of buildings and structures. To achieve the specified technical result, the proposed glued wooden arched truss contains longitudinal grooves on the inner layers of each belt, serving as a support platform for struts and braces, which are connected with the help of glue to the truss belts by a spike-groove system. Each farm belt is made of the same thickness. The proposed solution expands the possibilities of using glued wooden arched trusses in various types of structural systems with curved frames. 5 cp f-ly, 2 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of civil engineering, in particular to the construction of buildings and structures for various purposes.

The use of wooden trusses with a curved contour for the construction of load-bearing frames of buildings and structures can reduce the influence of external factors on the building and increase the internal volume of the premises.

Known lenticular wooden farm according to the author's certificate of the USSR, SU No. 1418439, E04C 3/02, 02.19.8.87 [1], the upper and lower zones of which are made of bent glued wooden elements. This farm is non-roaring, its lattice is made in the form of glued wood racks. The width of the cross section of the belts and racks is assumed to be the same. Racks are attached to the upper and lower belts closely.

The disadvantage of this solution is that this farm does not meet the requirements for ensuring the reliability and stability of nodal joints in the event of linear deformations. In addition, for high-quality connection of racks with truss belts, high accuracy is required, which complicates the mass production of such farms.

There are various types of lenticular farms described by the authors Turkovsky SB, Pogoreltsev AA, Eknadosyan in the article: The choice of the constructive scheme of lenticular farms from glued wood // building materials magazine. - No. 5 (581), May 2003, pp. 18-19 [2] and in the book “Glued wooden structures in modern construction (TsNIISK system)”, pp. 175-179, 180-183, 188-190, 208-212 , [3], in which one of the belts always has a curved shape, and the other can be made as curved, convex or concave relative to the other belt, and rectilinear. Lattice geometry may include a different combination of struts and braces. All nodal connections of this group of farms are carried out with the help of metal rods according to the system developed at the Central Scientific and Research Institute of Cinematography. Such trusses are recommended for use for large-span structures of public and industrial buildings with spans from 18 to 100 m.

The disadvantages of this solution include: the presence in the support panels of bending moments arising from the continuity of the truss belts; irrationality of application when creating low-rise construction objects; reduction in the internal volume and height of the room due to the geometry of lenticular structures; the presence of metal fasteners in the nodes of the lattice and the need for highly skilled labor in the manufacture and installation of the farm.

Closest to the claimed utility model for US patent is a wooden arched truss, US No. 4173857, EV 1/32, decl. 11/22/1977 [4], containing parallel belts curved along the radial contour of lamels fastened with glue or nails, and a connecting lattice consisting of struts and braces. The belts are additionally fastened to each other with the help of metal rods inserted into some of the racks of the lattice. To provide additional rigidity to the truss, the ends of one or two belts can be connected using a steel cable. The truss type under consideration is designed to form arched roof frames.

The disadvantages of this solution are: the presence of metal elements in the structure; the complexity of the construction; low variability of farm use when creating space-planning solutions for buildings due to the fact that the radial contour of the farm is attached to reinforcing posts and support poles.

The proposed utility model is aimed at achieving a technical result, which consists in creating a design of a two-belt wooden truss with a curved contour of an arched type, the nodal connections of which are made of adhesive. The proposed solution also allows to facilitate the production technology of wooden trusses with a curved contour and the installation of frames of buildings and structures based on them.

The proposed glued wooden arched truss, as well as the closest known to it [4], contains upper and lower glued wooden belts of lamellas, curved along the radial contour, connected by a triangular lattice formed by uprights, side faces of the braces and segments of the inner layers of the belts.

To achieve the specified technical result, the proposed glued wooden arched truss, in contrast to the closest known to it, contains longitudinal grooves on the inner layers of each belt, serving as a support platform for struts and braces, which are connected with glue to the truss belts using a tongue-and-groove system .

The presence of longitudinal grooves in the truss belts allows ensuring the stability and operability of the structure during its operation without the use of additional metal fasteners. The absence of heat-conducting inclusions in the form of metal structural elements or additional metal fasteners provides high thermotechnical uniformity of the truss structure and supporting frames based on it, which allows to increase the heat-shielding qualities and energy efficiency of buildings.

Due to the lack of complex nodal joints, the manufacture of glued wooden arch trusses does not require high-precision specialized equipment and highly skilled workers; mass production of such farms can be organized in a small workshop with an area of 100 m ² by two or three people. When assembling the supporting frames, the installation of the claimed design is facilitated due to the fact that this truss, which does not contain metal inclusions, has less weight and is designed as a continuous element, which during installation requires fastening only along the edges of the structure.

As a special case of the implementation of the claimed utility model, a design is proposed in which:

the upper and lower zones have the same thickness;

racks are made of wooden bars and distributed with a uniform step along the contour of the belts;

the braces are made of lamellas and distributed along the contour of the belts with alternating ascending and descending elements;

the posts are perpendicular, and the braces are located at angles from 30 ° to 40 ° to the tangent drawn to the geometric axis of the farm outline in the longitudinal direction;

in the manufacture of truss belts, the length of glued lamellas can be typed in different lengths of the original lumber, with the exception of lamellas forming the outer and inner layers of the belts.

This solution allows for a more uniform load perception by each element of the truss and to avoid unacceptable deflections of the lower belt while saving materials.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings.

The figure 1 shows a front view of the claimed utility model.

The figure 2 shows a cross section of the claimed utility model.

The design of the glued wooden arch truss includes the lower 1 and upper 2 belts of the same thickness, formed from lamellas glued in thickness and curved along a given radial contour (figure 1). On the inner surface of the layers of the belts 6, 7 there are longitudinal grooves 5, into which the ends of the struts 3 and braces 4 are inserted according to the tongue-and-groove system, as shown in figure 2. The racks 3 and braces 4 are fixed in the grooves 5 with an adhesive joint. Racks 3 are made of wooden bars, distributed with a uniform step along the contour of the belts 1, 2 and are perpendicular to the tangent drawn to the geometric axis of the contour of the belts 1, 2 of the truss in the longitudinal direction. Braces 4 are made of single slats, distributed along the contour of belts 1, 2 with alternating ascending and descending elements and are located at angles from 30 ° to 40 ° to the tangent drawn to the geometric axis of the contour of belts 1, 2 of the truss in the longitudinal direction.

In the manufacture of the claimed utility model, the specified technical result is achieved by the following structural and technological features:

the belts 1, 2 are made using a press with a radially curved contour with successive build-up of lamellas in thickness and crimping them with clamps.

for the manufacture of belts 1, 2, various types of presses can be used for the manufacture of glued wooden blocks: mechanical, hydraulic, slipway, pneumatic;

the lamella from which truss belts 1, 2 are made must have a moisture content of not more than 12%;

the angle of the arc of the radial contour of the belts 1, 2 can vary from 0 to 180 °;

thicknesses of belts 1, 2 can vary in the range from 2 to 30 cm, depending on the type of loads and specific design and architectural tasks;

grooves 5 in the layers of the belts 6, 7 are performed using a longitudinally milling machine;

all structural elements of the farm can be made of any wood species of different grades;

adhesive base may vary depending on the specific application of the farm; for example, adhesives such as polyvinyl acetate, polyurethane, two-component epoxy can be used.

The claimed utility model has wide applicability for the construction of buildings and structures for various purposes with various types of structural systems. Glued wooden arched farm can be used as a structural element of the hemispherical supporting frames for prefabricated all-weather low-rise buildings and enclosures located in areas with large snow and wind loads. It can also be used to create a roofing framework for a building in the form of a vault or dome, in which it is necessary to maximize the useful internal volume to improve the acoustic properties or thermal properties of the room.

Bibliography

1. Lenticular wooden farm: ed. St. USSR No. 1418439, declared 02/19/1987, publ. 08/23/1988. SU No. 1418439, E04C 3/02, 02.19.8.87.

2. Turkovsky S. B., Pogoreltsev A. A., Eknadosyan I. L. The choice of the constructive scheme of lenticular farms from glued wood [Electronic resource]: monthly scientific, technical and production magazine “Building Materials”. - No. 5 (581), May 2003. - Access mode: http://www.rifsm.ru/files/sm_05_03.pdf, free. - Zagl. from the screen. Date of treatment: 02.02.2020, p. 18-19.

3. Turkovsky SB, Pogoreltsev AA, Preobrazhenskaya I.P. Glued wooden structures with knots on glued rods in modern construction (TsNIISK system) / Edited by S. B. Turkovsky and I.P. Transfiguration. - M.: RIF "BUILDING MATERIALS", 2013. - 308 p.

4. Double-layered wooden arch truss. United States Patent. US No. 4173857, EV 1/32, decl. 11/22/1977, publ. 11/13/1979.

Claims (5)

1. A glued wooden arched truss containing upper and lower glued wooden belts of lamellas, curved along the radial contour, connected by a triangular lattice formed by uprights, braces and segments of the inner layers of the belts, characterized in that longitudinal grooves are made on the inner layers of each belt serving support platform for struts and braces connected with glue to truss belts using a tongue-and-groove system. 2. A glued wooden arched truss according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper and lower zones have the same thickness. 3. A glued wooden arched truss according to claim 1, characterized in that the racks made of bars are distributed with a uniform step along the contour of the belts and perpendicular to the tangent drawn to the geometric axis of the truss contour in the longitudinal direction. 4. A glued wooden arched truss according to claim 1, characterized in that the braces made of lamellas are distributed along the contour of the belts with alternating ascending and descending elements and are located at angles from 30 ° to 40 ° to the tangent drawn to the geometric axis of the farm contour in the longitudinal direction. 5. A glued wooden arched truss according to claim 1, characterized in that the truss belts are composed of lamellas of various lengths, with the exception of lamellas forming the outer and inner layers of the belts.

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