EP2020008A2 - Container for screening magnetic fields of low frequency - Google Patents

Container for screening magnetic fields of low frequency

Info

Publication number
EP2020008A2
EP2020008A2 EP07724137A EP07724137A EP2020008A2 EP 2020008 A2 EP2020008 A2 EP 2020008A2 EP 07724137 A EP07724137 A EP 07724137A EP 07724137 A EP07724137 A EP 07724137A EP 2020008 A2 EP2020008 A2 EP 2020008A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
container according
material layer
inner container
outer container
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07724137A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2020008B1 (en
Inventor
Volker Waschk
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NKT Cables GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
NKT Cables GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NKT Cables GmbH and Co KG filed Critical NKT Cables GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP2020008A2 publication Critical patent/EP2020008A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2020008B1 publication Critical patent/EP2020008B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B9/00—Power cables
    • H01B9/02—Power cables with screens or conductive layers, e.g. for avoiding large potential gradients

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a container for shielding magnetic fields of low frequency, wherein the container may be provided in particular for receiving electrical devices or components.
  • shielding containers with a highly permeable material layer in which the magnetic material is inserted as a film material and in which openings remain between container parts are known (EP 1274 103 B1). Shielding containers, which are not closed all around, should have only a limited shielding effect.
  • a steel tube for shielding Disadvantage of a steel tube for shielding is the fact that on the one hand for mechanical reasons and for the purpose of shielding a large wall thickness of a few millimeters (about 4 to 10 mm) must have and on the other hand it is therefore not flexible and must be welded together in short pipe sections , In addition, it must be protected against corrosion by the soil moisture by providing it on the outside with a plastic jacket and on the inside mostly with a concrete filling.
  • the core of the invention is a shielding system consisting of a two-shell container with highly porous intermediate layer and in which the outer container is supported relative to the inner container with spacer elements.
  • the material for the container plastic is proposed, wherein the material is preferably to select from the consistency and / or its wall thickness so that the container, or the inner and / or the outer container is flexible.
  • the choice of plastic is hardly limited. Synthetic resins or other polymers can be used. Plastics are advantageous with which inner and outer containers can be produced by extrusion or by injection molding.
  • the container may be tubular, in particular cylindrical, so it would be understood as a two-sided open container.
  • pipe sections such as rectangular cross sections used for the desired purpose.
  • the tubular embodiment it makes sense to speak of a support tube in the inner container and of a jacket tube in the outer container.
  • the outer container may be formed as a corrugated tube, since a corrugated tube is also very flexible.
  • the material layer is produced as a covering of strips of high-permeability material on the inner container in a continuous winding process. A running through a winding device inner container is wrapped with these bands in one or more layers. It is important that the material layer is as magnetically tight as possible, so that the magnetic penetration is minimal. There should be such a high coverage of the band edges that there is as little as possible a restriction of the flexibility.
  • the tape layers are - preferably in the tubular formation - helically over-lap or wound with a gap (applied with a short blow).
  • the bands should still be displaced against each other when bending the tube, so that the banded plastic tube remains flexible. It can be drummed on cable drums and laid in longer lengths.
  • so-called electrical tapes made of cold-rolled, grain-oriented silicon steel are very well suited; Special, crystalline nickel-iron alloys (eg from the company Vacuumschmelze) can be used.
  • the grain orientation in the ribbons should be Direction of the bands are when the embodiment is provided for electric cable, because then the bands come to lie transversely to the longitudinal direction of the cable.
  • the aforementioned materials have excellent magnetic properties. Important is the high permeability of the strip material, so that only one or two or only a few layers of tape must be applied. Their costs appear perfectly acceptable for the purposes mentioned. For special applications, tapes made of metallic glass (Metglas) can be provided, but these are difficult to machine mechanically and have a relatively high market price.
  • the proposed composite structure (material layer between an inner and an outer container) has the particular advantage that the highly permeable material is protected against external influences. If, however, the material layer should be accessible to the environmental influences, a corrosion protection for the material layer should be provided.
  • the magnetic property of the material layer should have a relative permeability of more than 1,000, in particular at least 10,000, and preferably 20,000.
  • the wrapped or bandaged inner container is introduced into a second container, wherein a cylindrical inner container can be drawn into a plastic tube of larger diameter.
  • Spacer elements can be understood to mean an integral element, for example a plastic thread or a multiplicity of elements.
  • a plastic thread may be arranged in a coiled or helical position between inner container and outer container.
  • Other spacer elements can preferably be designed as tensionable on the inner container straps.
  • the spacers may be formed as a ring body. Such annular bodies can then be arranged in more or less regular intervals in the space between the support and casing pipe.
  • Typical and usable for the invention spacers are made of HD polyethylene (or even from
  • the spacer element (s) may be designed to be particularly slidable or provided with means for reducing friction. This should allow a relatively easy sliding or sliding of the support tube in the outer tube.
  • the lubricity can be determined by the choice of Material can be determined, for example, nylon or similar plastics are used.
  • the lubricity can also be required by the special design of the spacer elements. For this purpose, the formation of nubs or spines offers that provide a small area, preferably punctiform contact of the container.
  • the jacket tube may be a corrugated pipe.
  • the application of known skid bands is provided, for example, to increase the slipperiness of supply pipes, which are drawn into existing protective pipes during burial.
  • Particularly suitable annular body can be equipped with skids, which protrude substantially radially and axially.
  • the ring body may be integrally formed, which is wrapped around the support tube.
  • a spacer element may also be formed as a band or consist of ring segments. The ends of a band or the ends of the ring segments are connected to each other and if required, the ring body can be subsequently with a clamping tool (for example with clamps with skids) or stretched out of its own elasticity without tools, so that the spacers stuck immovably.
  • the spacer elements can be applied to the material layer of high magnetic permeability and be immovably tightened.
  • the remaining cavity between inner container and outer container can be filled with a flowable, hardening mass.
  • This hardening mass should have a good mechanical strength and also a good thermal conductivity, in order to be able to dissipate the heat loss of the electrical devices and components arranged in the shielding container well to the environment.
  • so-called fluid concrete (twilight) in question.
  • flowable concrete filled with graphite particles can be filled in, as for example marketed by the company Heidelberger Zement BUT as "ThermoCem.”
  • Such a concrete has a thermal conductivity of more than 2.0 W / (K m ) on.
  • the fluidized concrete can also be filled with microparticles (eg paraffine base), which act as a latent heat storage and thus delay the heating of the shielding.
  • microparticles eg paraffine base
  • Such a heat storage material is sold for example by the company BASF and already used for the production of particularly good heat-retaining plasterboard in the construction sector.
  • a plurality of inner containers may be used instead of a single inner container.
  • the material layer (preferably as a high permeability band material) is wound around the bundle of the plurality of tubes. The changed bundle remains flexible, as the bands can move against each other.
  • Skid shoes are applied as spacers, and the bundle can be retracted into an outer casing of larger diameter plastic.
  • Such ferromagnetic layers increasingly lose their shielding effect at higher frequencies because the permeability decreases with frequency.
  • Such a construction would be required, for example, for shielding in the field of home installations, since it has to do with the low-voltage cables usually with unbalanced, often single-phase currents. Also, telecommunication cables (e.g., speaker cables, antenna cables) require such a construction because of their high frequency currents.
  • conductive layers or additional compensation conductors are present in the cables laid in a shielding container, their ends are either to be connected through or grounded in the zones in which installed shielding containers are present in abutment, but with a gap or without a continuous material layer.
  • Shock or transition points of shielding containers as they occur, for example in sleeve portions of cables in the longitudinal direction of a shield, are shielded by the transition points overlapping sheaths, which are constructed on the same principle as the inventive arrangement, so that minimized in these areas, the penetration of magnetic fields or eliminated.
  • the invention is particularly effective for magnetic shielding and loss reduction in cables when the cable construction is extended with outer magnetizable components.
  • Cables with outer magnetizable components have high additional losses.
  • additional losses e.g. 80% of the conductor losses occur. It is advisable to undertake to reduce the additional losses wrapping the vein bandage with electrical tape to reduce the field weakening the losses in these structural elements.
  • the shielding according to the invention has a high flexibility and is very suitable to be laid (in tube form) in long lengths in cable trenches or cable ducts.
  • As part of this use of the shielding electrical supply lines preferably medium and high voltage cables can be fed.

Landscapes

  • Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a container for screening magnetic fields of low frequency, wherein the container may be provided in particular for accommodating electrical apparatuses or component parts. The invention proposes a container which comprises at least one inner container consisting of insulating material and an outer container consisting of insulating material. The space between the inner container and the outer container is filled with a ferromagnetic material layer having a high magnetic permeability, and the outer container is supported with respect to the inner container(s) by spacer elements. Preferably, the container is tubular, in particular cylindrical. Particularly strong sources of magnetic fields having a low frequency are electrical cables and lines. The invention therefore also proposes a use for laying electrical supply lines, preferably medium-voltage and high-voltage cables.

Description

Behälter zur Schirmung von Magnetfeldern niedriger Frequenz Container for shielding magnetic fields of low frequency
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Behälter zur Schirmung von Magnetfeldern niedriger Frequenz, wobei der Behälter insbesondere zur Aufnahme von elektrischen Vorrichtungen oder Bauteile vorgesehen sein kann.The invention relates to a container for shielding magnetic fields of low frequency, wherein the container may be provided in particular for receiving electrical devices or components.
Bekannt sind beispielsweise Abschirmbehälter mit einer hochpermeablen Materialschicht, in der das magnetische Material als Folienmaterial eingelegt ist und in denen zwischen Behälterteilen Öffnungen verbleiben (EP 1274 103 Bl). Abschirmbehälter, die nicht ringsum geschlossen sind, dürften nur eine begrenzte Schirmwirkung haben.For example, shielding containers with a highly permeable material layer in which the magnetic material is inserted as a film material and in which openings remain between container parts are known (EP 1274 103 B1). Shielding containers, which are not closed all around, should have only a limited shielding effect.
Besonders starke Quellen von Magnetfeldern niedriger Frequenz (f < 1 kHz) sind elektrische Kabel und Leitungen. Da vermehrt Forderungen zur Reduzierung magnetischer Wechselfelder erhoben werden, treten Maßnahmen immer stärker in den Vordergrund, die geeignet sind, derartige Felder zu vermeiden oder Wechselfelder vorhandenen Felderzeuger zu schwächen. So ist einer der Diskussionspunkte die Feldstärke an der Erdoberfläche bei erdverlegten Drehstromkabeln. Eine magnetische Abschirmung von erdverlegten Drehstromkabeln kann dadurch erreicht werden, dass man die drei Adern des Kabelsystems in ein hochpermeables Rohr einzieht, beispielsweise in ein handelsübliches Stahlrohr.Particularly strong sources of low frequency magnetic fields (f <1 kHz) are electrical cables and wires. As demands for the reduction of alternating magnetic fields increase, more and more attention is being paid to measures which are suitable for avoiding such fields or for weakening alternating fields of existing field generators. So one of the points of discussion is the field strength at the earth's surface with buried three-phase cables. Magnetic shielding of buried three-phase cables can be achieved by pulling the three wires of the cable system into a high-permeability tube, for example a commercial steel tube.
Nachteil eines Stahlrohres zur Abschirmung ist die Tatsache, dass es einerseits aus mechanischen Gründen und zum Zweck der Abschirmung eine große Wanddicke von einigen Millimetern (etwa 4 bis 10 mm) aufweisen muss und dass es andererseits dadurch nicht flexibel ist und in kurzen Rohrabschnitten zusammengeschweißt werden muss. Zudem muss es gegen Korrosion durch die Bodenfeuchte dadurch geschützt werden, dass es außen mit einem Kunststoffmantel und innen meist mit einer Auffüllung aus Beton versehen wird.Disadvantage of a steel tube for shielding is the fact that on the one hand for mechanical reasons and for the purpose of shielding a large wall thickness of a few millimeters (about 4 to 10 mm) must have and on the other hand it is therefore not flexible and must be welded together in short pipe sections , In addition, it must be protected against corrosion by the soil moisture by providing it on the outside with a plastic jacket and on the inside mostly with a concrete filling.
Es ist die Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Anordnung mit hoher Abschirmwirkung gegen magnetische Wechselfelder vorzuschlagen, die leicht und flexibel aufgebaut ist.It is the object of the invention to propose an arrangement with high shielding effect against alternating magnetic fields, which is constructed easily and flexibly.
Die Lösung wird vorgestellt in den Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs und des Verwendungsanspruchs. Vorteilhafte Ausbildungen finden sich in den jeweiligen Unteransprüchen.The solution is presented in the features of the main claim and the use claim. Advantageous embodiments can be found in the respective subclaims.
Der Kern der Erfindung ist ein Schirmungssystem, bestehend aus einem zweischaligen Behälter mit hochpeπneabler Zwischenschicht und bei dem der Außenbehälter gegenüber dem Innenbehälter mit Distanzhalterelementen abgestützt ist.The core of the invention is a shielding system consisting of a two-shell container with highly porous intermediate layer and in which the outer container is supported relative to the inner container with spacer elements.
Als Material für den Behälter wird Kunststoff vorgeschlagen, wobei das Material vorzugsweise von der Konsistenz und/oder seiner Wanddicke so auszuwählen ist, dass der Behälter, bzw. der innere und/oder der äußere Behälter flexibel ist. Die Wahl des Kunststoffs ist kaum eingeschränkt. Es können synthetische Kunstharze oder andere Polymere verwendet werden. Vorteilhaft sind Kunststoffe, mit denen Innen- und Außenbehälter durch Extrusion oder durch Spritzgießen herstellbar sind.As the material for the container plastic is proposed, wherein the material is preferably to select from the consistency and / or its wall thickness so that the container, or the inner and / or the outer container is flexible. The choice of plastic is hardly limited. Synthetic resins or other polymers can be used. Plastics are advantageous with which inner and outer containers can be produced by extrusion or by injection molding.
Vorzugsweise kann der Behälter rohrförmig, insbesondere zylindrisch ausgebildet sein, somit wäre er als zweiseitig offener Behälter zu verstehen. Es sind jedoch auch andere Rohrquerschnitte, beispielsweise rechteckige Querschnitte für den gewünschten Zweck einsetzbar. Bei der rohrförmigen Ausbildungsform bietet es sich an, bei dem Innenbehälter von einem Tragrohr und bei dem Außenbehälter von einem Mantelrohr zu sprechen. Auch wenn diese Begriffe im folgenden verwendet werden, soll dies jedoch nicht als Beschränkung der Erfindung auf rohrfÖrmige Behälter verstanden werden.Preferably, the container may be tubular, in particular cylindrical, so it would be understood as a two-sided open container. However, there are also other pipe sections, such as rectangular cross sections used for the desired purpose. In the case of the tubular embodiment, it makes sense to speak of a support tube in the inner container and of a jacket tube in the outer container. Although these terms are used hereinafter, this should not be construed as limiting the invention to tubular containers.
Vorzugsweise kann der Außenbehälter als Wellrohr ausgebildet sein, da ein Wellrohr ebenfalls sehr flexibel ist.Preferably, the outer container may be formed as a corrugated tube, since a corrugated tube is also very flexible.
Zum Aufbau der Materialschicht gibt es verschiedene Möglichkeiten.There are various possibilities for constructing the material layer.
Man erzeugt die Materialschicht als Umhüllung von Bändern aus hochpermeablem Material auf dem Innenbehälter in einem kontinuierlichen Wickelverfahren. Ein durch eine Wickelvorrichtung laufender Innenbehälter wird mit diesen Bändern in einer oder mehreren Lagen umwickelt. Wichtig ist, dass die Materialschicht möglichst magnetisch dicht ist, damit der magnetische Durchgriff minimal wird. Es sollte eine so hohe Überdeckung der Bandränder vorhanden sein, dass möglichst nur eine geringe Einschränkung der Biegsamkeit vorliegt.The material layer is produced as a covering of strips of high-permeability material on the inner container in a continuous winding process. A running through a winding device inner container is wrapped with these bands in one or more layers. It is important that the material layer is as magnetically tight as possible, so that the magnetic penetration is minimal. There should be such a high coverage of the band edges that there is as little as possible a restriction of the flexibility.
Die Bandlagen werden - vorzugsweise bei der rohrförmigen Ausbildung - schraubenförmig randüberlap- pend oder mit einer Lücke aufgewickelt (mit kurzem Schlag aufgebracht). Die Bänder sollten beim Biegen des Rohres noch gegeneinander verschieblich bleiben, sodass das bebänderte Kunststoffrohr flexibel bleibt. Es kann auf Kabeltrommeln aufgetrommelt und in größeren Längen verlegt werden.The tape layers are - preferably in the tubular formation - helically over-lap or wound with a gap (applied with a short blow). The bands should still be displaced against each other when bending the tube, so that the banded plastic tube remains flexible. It can be drummed on cable drums and laid in longer lengths.
Als Materialien für die Materialschicht eignen sich sehr gut sogenannte Elektrobänder aus kaltgewalz- tem, kornorientiertem Silizium-Stahl; auch spezielle, kristalline Nickel-Eisenlegierungen (z.B. von der Fa. Vacuumschmelze) können eingesetzt werden. Die Kornorientierung in den Bändern sollte in Längs- richtung der Bänder liegen, wenn die Ausführungsform für Elektrokabel vorgesehen ist, weil dann die Bänder quer zur Längsrichtung des Kabels zu liegen kommen.As materials for the material layer, so-called electrical tapes made of cold-rolled, grain-oriented silicon steel are very well suited; Special, crystalline nickel-iron alloys (eg from the company Vacuumschmelze) can be used. The grain orientation in the ribbons should be Direction of the bands are when the embodiment is provided for electric cable, because then the bands come to lie transversely to the longitudinal direction of the cable.
Die vorgenannten Materialien haben hervorragende magnetische Eigenschaften. Wichtig ist die hohe Permeabilität des Bandmaterials, so dass nur ein bis zwei bzw. nur wenige Bandlagen aufgebracht werden müssen. Ihre Kosten erscheinen für die angesprochenen Anwendungszwecke durchaus akzeptabel. Für besondere Anwendungen können auch Bänder aus metallischen Gläsern (Metglas) vorgesehen sein, doch sind diese schwer mechanisch bearbeitbar und haben allerdings einen relativ hohen Marktpreis.The aforementioned materials have excellent magnetic properties. Important is the high permeability of the strip material, so that only one or two or only a few layers of tape must be applied. Their costs appear perfectly acceptable for the purposes mentioned. For special applications, tapes made of metallic glass (Metglas) can be provided, but these are difficult to machine mechanically and have a relatively high market price.
Der vorgesehene Verbundaufbau (Materialschicht zwischen einem Innen- und einem Außenbehälter) hat den besonderen Vorteil, dass das hochpermeable Material gegen äußere Einflüsse geschützt ist. Sollte allerdings die Materialschicht den Umwelteinflüssen zugänglich sein, sollte ein Korrosionsschutz für die Materialschicht vorgesehen werden.The proposed composite structure (material layer between an inner and an outer container) has the particular advantage that the highly permeable material is protected against external influences. If, however, the material layer should be accessible to the environmental influences, a corrosion protection for the material layer should be provided.
Die magnetische Eigenschaft der Materialschicht soll eine relative Permeabilität von mehr als 1.000, insbesondere mindestens 10.000, und vorzugsweise 20.000 haben.The magnetic property of the material layer should have a relative permeability of more than 1,000, in particular at least 10,000, and preferably 20,000.
Der umwickelte oder bandagierte Innenbehälter wird in einen zweiten Behälter eingebracht, wobei ein zylindrischer Innenbehälter in ein Kunststoffrohr größeren Durchmessers eingezogen werden kann.The wrapped or bandaged inner container is introduced into a second container, wherein a cylindrical inner container can be drawn into a plastic tube of larger diameter.
Unter Distanzhalterelemente können ein einstückiges Element, beispielsweise ein Kunststoff-Faden oder eine Vielzahl von Elementen verstanden werden. Ein Kunststoff-Faden kann in gewendelter oder schraubenförmiger Lage zwischen Innenbehälter und Außenbehälter angeordnet sein. Andere Distanzhalterelemente können vorzugsweise als auf den Innenbehälter spannbare Bänder ausgebildet sein.Spacer elements can be understood to mean an integral element, for example a plastic thread or a multiplicity of elements. A plastic thread may be arranged in a coiled or helical position between inner container and outer container. Other spacer elements can preferably be designed as tensionable on the inner container straps.
Für den Einsatz in der vorzugsweisen Ausbildung der Behälter in Rohrform, können die Distanzhalter als Ringkörper ausgebildet sein. Solche Ringkörper können dann in mehr oder weniger regelmäßigen Abständen im Zwischenraum zwischen Trag- und Mantelrohr angeordnet sein.For use in the preferred embodiment of the container in tube form, the spacers may be formed as a ring body. Such annular bodies can then be arranged in more or less regular intervals in the space between the support and casing pipe.
Typische und für die Erfindung einsetzbare Distanzhalter werden aus HD-Polyethylen (oder auch ausTypical and usable for the invention spacers are made of HD polyethylene (or even from
Nylon) hergestellt und von der Fa. Franken Plastik (Fürth) angeboten. Von der Fachwelt werden sie auch mit Gleitkufenringe oder Noppenringe bezeichnet.Nylon) and offered by the company Franken Plastik (Fürth). Experts also refer to them as skid rings or knob rings.
Vorzugsweise kann/können der oder die Distanzhalterelemente besonders gleitfähig ausgebildet oder mit Mitteln zur Verminderung der Reibung ausgestattet sein. Damit soll ein relativ leichtes Verschieben bzw. Gleiten des Tragrohrs im Außenrohr ermöglicht werden. Die Gleitfähigkeit kann durch die Wahl des Materials bestimmt werden, wobei beispielsweise Nylon oder ähnliche Kunststoffe einsetzbar sind. Die Gleitfähigkeit kann auch durch die besondere Ausbildung der Distanzhalterelemente gefordert sein. Hierzu bietet sich die Ausbildung von Noppen oder Stacheln an, die eine kleinflächige, vorzugsweise punktförmige Berührung der Behälter liefern.Preferably, the spacer element (s) may be designed to be particularly slidable or provided with means for reducing friction. This should allow a relatively easy sliding or sliding of the support tube in the outer tube. The lubricity can be determined by the choice of Material can be determined, for example, nylon or similar plastics are used. The lubricity can also be required by the special design of the spacer elements. For this purpose, the formation of nubs or spines offers that provide a small area, preferably punctiform contact of the container.
Gleitnoppen oder Gleitkufen stellen ein leichtes Einziehen und eine Zentrierung des inneren im Mantelrohr sicher. Auch bei dieser Variante kann das Mantelrohr ein Wellrohr sein. Die Anwendung bekannter Gleitkufenbänder ist beispielsweise zur Erhöhung der Gleitfähigkeit von Versorgungsrohren vorgesehen, die bei der Erdverlegung in vorhandene Schutzrohre eingezogen werden.Slide knobs or skids ensure easy insertion and centering of the inner tube in the casing. Also in this variant, the jacket tube may be a corrugated pipe. The application of known skid bands is provided, for example, to increase the slipperiness of supply pipes, which are drawn into existing protective pipes during burial.
Besonders geeignete Ringkörper können mit Gleitkufen ausgestattet sein, die im wesentlichen radial und axial abstehen. Der Ringkörper kann einstückig ausgebildet sein, der um das Tragrohr herumgelegt wird. Ein Distanzhalterelement kann jedoch auch als Band ausgebildet sein oder aus Ringsegmenten bestehen. Die Enden eines Bandes oder die Enden der Ringsegmente werden miteinander verbunden und bei Be- darf können die Ringkörper nachträglich mit einem Spannwerkzeug werden (beispielsweise mit Schellen mit Gleitkufen) oder aus eigener Elastizität ohne Werkzeug gespannt sein, so dass die Distanzhalter unverrückbar festsitzen.Particularly suitable annular body can be equipped with skids, which protrude substantially radially and axially. The ring body may be integrally formed, which is wrapped around the support tube. However, a spacer element may also be formed as a band or consist of ring segments. The ends of a band or the ends of the ring segments are connected to each other and if required, the ring body can be subsequently with a clamping tool (for example with clamps with skids) or stretched out of its own elasticity without tools, so that the spacers stuck immovably.
Vorzugsweise können die Distanzhalterelemente auf die Materialschicht hoher magnetischer Permeabili- tat aufgebracht und unverrückbar festgespannt sein.Preferably, the spacer elements can be applied to the material layer of high magnetic permeability and be immovably tightened.
Der verbleibende Hohlraum zwischen Innenbehälter und Außenbehälter kann mit einer fließfähigen, aushärtenden Masse ausgefüllt sein. Diese aushärtende Masse sollte eine gute mechanische Festigkeit und zudem eine gute Wärmeleitfähigkeit aufweisen, um die Verlustwärme der in den Abschirmbehälter angeordneten elektrischen Vorrichtungen und Bauteile gut an die Umgebung abführen zu können. Hierzu kommt beispielsweise sogenannter Fließbeton („Dämmer") infrage.The remaining cavity between inner container and outer container can be filled with a flowable, hardening mass. This hardening mass should have a good mechanical strength and also a good thermal conductivity, in order to be able to dissipate the heat loss of the electrical devices and components arranged in the shielding container well to the environment. For this purpose, for example, so-called fluid concrete ("twilight") in question.
Zur Erzielung eines besonders guten Wärmedurchgangs kann ein mit Graphitteilchen gefüllter Fließbeton verfüllt werden, wie er beispielsweise von der Firma Heidelberger Zement BUT als „ThermoCem" ver- trieben wird. Ein solcher Beton weist eine Wärmeleitfähigkeit von mehr als 2,0 W/(K m) auf.In order to achieve a particularly good heat transfer, flowable concrete filled with graphite particles can be filled in, as for example marketed by the company Heidelberger Zement BUT as "ThermoCem." Such a concrete has a thermal conductivity of more than 2.0 W / (K m ) on.
Zur Erzielung einer besonders hohen Wärmekapazität kann der Fließbeton zudem mit Mikroteilchen (z.B. auf Paraffϊnbasis) gefüllt werden, die als Latentwärmespeicher wirken und so die Erwärmung des Abschirmbehälters verzögern. Ein solches Wärmespeicher-Material wird beispielsweise von der Firma BASF vertrieben und bereits zur Herstellung besonders gut wärmespeichernder Rigipsplatten im Baubereich eingesetzt. Als besondere Ausführungsform kann anstelle eines einzigen Innenbehälters, eine Mehrzahl von Innenbehältern verwendet werden. Bei Drehstromkabelsystemen sind dies vorzugsweise drei Innenrohre, nämlich für je ein einadriges Kabel ein Innenrohr aus Kunststoff. Die Materialschicht (vorzugsweise als hochpermeables Bandmaterial) wird um das Bündel der mehreren Rohre gewickelt. Das bebänderte Bündel bleibt flexibel, da die Bänder sich gegeneinander verschieben können. Die Weiterverarbeitung kann wie schon zuvor beschrieben erfolgen. Es werden Gleitkufenringe als Distanzhalter aufgebracht, und das Bündel kann in ein äußeres Mantelrohr aus Kunststoff größeren Durchmessers eingezogen werden.To achieve a particularly high heat capacity of the fluidized concrete can also be filled with microparticles (eg paraffine base), which act as a latent heat storage and thus delay the heating of the shielding. Such a heat storage material is sold for example by the company BASF and already used for the production of particularly good heat-retaining plasterboard in the construction sector. As a particular embodiment, instead of a single inner container, a plurality of inner containers may be used. In three-phase cable systems, these are preferably three inner tubes, namely for each one-core cable an inner tube made of plastic. The material layer (preferably as a high permeability band material) is wound around the bundle of the plurality of tubes. The changed bundle remains flexible, as the bands can move against each other. The further processing can be carried out as previously described. Skid shoes are applied as spacers, and the bundle can be retracted into an outer casing of larger diameter plastic.
Mit der erfindungsgemäßen hochpermeablen Materialschicht lassen sich sehr gute Schirmwirkungen erzielen. Allerdings gibt es - wenn es sich um Drehstromkabelsysteme handelt - zwei Einschränkungen:Very good shielding effects can be achieved with the high-permeability material layer according to the invention. However, there are two limitations when it comes to three-phase cable systems:
- Solche ferromagnetische Schichten verlieren bei höheren Frequenzen zunehmend ihre Schirmwirkung, da die Permeabilität mit der Frequenz sinkt.Such ferromagnetic layers increasingly lose their shielding effect at higher frequencies because the permeability decreases with frequency.
- Die drei Ströme eines symmetrischen Drehstromsystems ergänzen sich in jedem Augenblick zu Null. Fließt hingegen innerhalb der Schirmhülle ein Nullstrom oder, einfacher ausgedrückt, ein resultierender Wechselstrom, so geht für diesen die Schirmwirkung verloren.- The three currents of a symmetrical three-phase system complement each other to zero at any moment. If, on the other hand, a zero current or, more simply, a resulting alternating current flows within the screen envelope, the shielding effect is lost for it.
Beide Probleme löst man in der EMV-Technik durch hochleitfähige Hüllen, z.B. aus Kupfer oder Aluminium. Es wird daher ergänzend vorgeschlagen, für solche Anwendungsfälle die Materialschicht zu kombinieren mit einer weiteren Schicht aus Kupfer- oder Aluminiumbändern. Dabei wird die beste Wirkung erzielt, wenn die hochleitfähigen Bänder innen liegen und von der magnetischen Materialschicht umhüllt werden.Both problems are solved in the EMC technique by highly conductive sheaths, e.g. made of copper or aluminum. It is therefore additionally proposed to combine for such applications, the material layer with another layer of copper or aluminum bands. The best effect is achieved when the highly conductive bands lie inside and are enveloped by the magnetic material layer.
Eine solche Konstruktion wäre beispielsweise für Abschirmbehälter im Bereich der Hausinstallationen erforderlich, da man es bei den Niederspannungskabeln meist mit unsymmetrischen, oft einphasigen Strömen zu tun hat. Auch Kabel der Nachrichtentechnik (z.B. Lautsprecherkabel, Antennenkabel) benötigen eine solche Konstruktion wegen ihrer hochfrequenten Ströme.Such a construction would be required, for example, for shielding in the field of home installations, since it has to do with the low-voltage cables usually with unbalanced, often single-phase currents. Also, telecommunication cables (e.g., speaker cables, antenna cables) require such a construction because of their high frequency currents.
Befinden sich in den in einem Abschirmbehälter verlegten Kabeln Leitschichten oder zusätzliche Kompensationsleiter, so sind deren Enden in den Zonen, in denen verlegte Abschirmbehälter auf Stoß, jedoch mit Lücke oder ohne durchgehende Materialschicht vorhanden sind, entweder durchzuverbinden oder aber zu erden. Stoß- oder Übergangsstellen von Abschirmbehältern, wie sie beispielsweise in Muffenbereichen von Kabeln in Längsrichtung eines Abschirmrohrs auftreten, werden durch die Übergangsstellen überlappende Umhüllungen geschirmt, die nach demselben Prinzip aufgebaut sind, wie die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung, so dass in diesen Bereichen der Durchgriff von Magnetfeldern minimiert oder beseitigt ist.If conductive layers or additional compensation conductors are present in the cables laid in a shielding container, their ends are either to be connected through or grounded in the zones in which installed shielding containers are present in abutment, but with a gap or without a continuous material layer. Shock or transition points of shielding containers, as they occur, for example in sleeve portions of cables in the longitudinal direction of a shield, are shielded by the transition points overlapping sheaths, which are constructed on the same principle as the inventive arrangement, so that minimized in these areas, the penetration of magnetic fields or eliminated.
Die Erfindung ist zur magnetischen Schirmung und Verlustminderung bei Kabeln besonders dann wirkungsvoll einsetzbar, wenn die Kabelkonstruktion mit äußeren magnetisierbaren Aufbauelementen erweitert ist.The invention is particularly effective for magnetic shielding and loss reduction in cables when the cable construction is extended with outer magnetizable components.
Kabel mit äußeren magnetisierbaren Aufbauelementen (wie Armierung oder Stahlrohr/Düker) haben hohe Zusatzverluste. Bei Drehstrom-Dreileiterkabel können in deren Stahldrahtarmierungen Zusatzverluste von z.B. 80 % der Leiterverluste entstehen. Hierbei empfiehlt es sich, zur Verminderung der Zusatzverluste eine Umwickeln des Aderverbandes mit Elektrobändern vorzunehmen, um durch die Feldschwächung die Verluste in diesen Aufbauelementen zu verringern.Cables with outer magnetizable components (such as reinforcement or steel pipe / culvert) have high additional losses. In the case of three-phase three-wire cables, additional losses of e.g. 80% of the conductor losses occur. It is advisable to undertake to reduce the additional losses wrapping the vein bandage with electrical tape to reduce the field weakening the losses in these structural elements.
Der erfindungsgemäße Abschirmbehälter hat eine hohe Flexibilität und ist dafür sehr geeignet, (in Rohrform) in großen Längen in Kabelgräben oder Kabelkanälen verlegt zu werden. Im Rahmen dieser Verwendung des Abschirmbehälters können elektrische Versorgungsleitungen, vorzugsweise Mittel- und Hochspannungskabel eingezogen werden. The shielding according to the invention has a high flexibility and is very suitable to be laid (in tube form) in long lengths in cable trenches or cable ducts. As part of this use of the shielding electrical supply lines, preferably medium and high voltage cables can be fed.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Behälter zur Schirmung von Magnetfeldern niedriger Frequenz, wobei der Behälter wie folgt aufgebaut ist, - aus mindestens einem Innenbehälter aus Isoliermaterial, aus einem Außenbehälter aus Isoliermaterial, wobei der Raum zwischen mindestens einem Innenbehälter und dem Außenbehälter ausgefüllt ist mit einer ferromagnetischen Materialschicht hoher magnetischer Permeabilität, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Außenbehälter gegenüber dem mindestens einen Innenbehälter mit Distanzhalterelementen abgestützt ist.A container for shielding magnetic fields of low frequency, wherein the container is constructed as follows, - from at least one inner container of insulating material, from an outer container made of insulating material, wherein the space between at least one inner container and the outer container is filled with a ferromagnetic material layer of high magnetic Permeability, characterized in that the outer container is supported relative to the at least one inner container with spacer elements.
2. Behälter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Behälter rohrförmig, vorzugsweise zylindrisch ausgebildet ist.2. Container according to claim 1, characterized in that the container is tubular, preferably cylindrical.
3. Behälter nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass drei rohrfoπnige Innenbehälter vorhanden sind.3. Container according to claim 2, characterized in that there are three rohrfoπnige inner container.
4. Behälter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Distanzhalterelemente auf die Materialschicht aufgebracht und unverrückbar festgespannt sind.4. Container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spacer elements are applied to the material layer and immovably clamped.
5. Behälter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Distanzhalterelemente als auf den oder die Innenbehälter spannbare Bänder ausgebildet sind.5. Container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spacer elements are designed as on the or the inner container tensionable bands.
6. Behälter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Distanzhalter- elemente gegenüber dem Außenbehälter einen kleinen Reibungskoeffizienten aufweisen oder mit Mitteln zur Verminderung der Reibung ausgestattet sind.6. Container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Distanzhalter- elements with respect to the outer container have a small coefficient of friction or are equipped with means for reducing the friction.
7. Behälter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Raum zwischen Innenbehälter/n und Außenbehälter mit einer fließfähigen, aushärtenden Masse ausgefüllt ist.7. Container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the space between inner container / s and outer container is filled with a flowable, hardening mass.
8. Behälter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Raum zwischen Innenbehälter/n und Außenbehälter mit einer Masse hoher Wärmeleitfähigkeit ausgefüllt ist.8. Container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the space between the inner container / s and outer container is filled with a mass of high thermal conductivity.
9. Behälter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Material- schicht aus mindestens einer Lage von Bändern besteht. 9. Container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material layer consists of at least one layer of tapes.
10. Behälter nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bänder Kornorientierung aufweisen.10. Container according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the bands have grain orientation.
11. Behälter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Material- schicht weichmagnetisches Material ist.11. Container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material layer is soft magnetic material.
12. Behälter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Materialschicht eine relative Permeabilität von mehr als 1.000, insbesondere mindestens 10.000, und vorzugsweise 20.000 hat.12. Container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material layer has a relative permeability of more than 1,000, in particular at least 10,000, and preferably 20,000.
13. Behälter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Außenbehälter als Wellrohr ausgebildet ist.13. Container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer container is designed as a corrugated tube.
14. Verwendung eines Behälters nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass elektrische Versorgungsleitungen, vorzugsweise Mittel- und Hochspannungskabel eingezogen werden. 14. Use of a container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that electrical supply lines, preferably medium and high voltage cables are fed.
EP07724137A 2006-05-24 2007-04-11 Container for screening magnetic fields of low frequency Not-in-force EP2020008B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006024354A DE102006024354A1 (en) 2006-05-24 2006-05-24 Container for shielding magnetic fields of low frequency
PCT/EP2007/003196 WO2007134673A2 (en) 2006-05-24 2007-04-11 Container for screening magnetic fields of low frequency

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2020008A2 true EP2020008A2 (en) 2009-02-04
EP2020008B1 EP2020008B1 (en) 2009-07-22

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EP (1) EP2020008B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE437442T1 (en)
DE (2) DE102006024354A1 (en)
DK (1) DK2020008T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2328871T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2007134673A2 (en)

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DE202010009284U1 (en) * 2010-06-18 2010-10-21 Plagemann, Karl Building board with connected pipe string

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SE7801543L (en) * 1978-02-09 1979-08-10 Ssab Svenskt Stal Ab RORKABEL
JPH10117083A (en) * 1996-10-11 1998-05-06 Nippon Steel Corp Magnetic shield piping
WO2001033579A1 (en) * 1999-10-29 2001-05-10 Nkt Cables A/S Method of producing a superconducting cable
AU2002345061B2 (en) * 2001-06-29 2007-08-23 Prysmian Cavi E Sistemi Energia S.R.L. Method for shielding the magnetic field generated by an electrical power transmission line, and magnetically shielded electrical power transmission line
CH695643A5 (en) * 2001-07-03 2006-07-14 Cfw Emf Consulting Ag Shield for receiving at least one a non-ionizing radiation or a non-ionizing field generating object.
DE202007007507U1 (en) * 2006-05-24 2007-08-02 Nkt Cables Gmbh Container for shielding magnetic fields of low frequency

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Title
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Also Published As

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ATE437442T1 (en) 2009-08-15
ES2328871T3 (en) 2009-11-18
DE502007001144D1 (en) 2009-09-03
WO2007134673A3 (en) 2008-02-14
EP2020008B1 (en) 2009-07-22
WO2007134673A2 (en) 2007-11-29
DK2020008T3 (en) 2009-11-02
DE102006024354A1 (en) 2007-11-29

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