EP2019962A1 - Procédé pour le traitement de signaux de mesure d'un enregistreur de mesure de débit de courants de foucault - Google Patents

Procédé pour le traitement de signaux de mesure d'un enregistreur de mesure de débit de courants de foucault

Info

Publication number
EP2019962A1
EP2019962A1 EP07728910A EP07728910A EP2019962A1 EP 2019962 A1 EP2019962 A1 EP 2019962A1 EP 07728910 A EP07728910 A EP 07728910A EP 07728910 A EP07728910 A EP 07728910A EP 2019962 A1 EP2019962 A1 EP 2019962A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
autocorrelation
frequency
filter
measurement signal
signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07728910A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ole Koudal
Saso Jezernik
Höcker RAINER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Endress and Hauser Flowtec AG
Original Assignee
Endress and Hauser Flowtec AG
Flowtec AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Endress and Hauser Flowtec AG, Flowtec AG filed Critical Endress and Hauser Flowtec AG
Publication of EP2019962A1 publication Critical patent/EP2019962A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/20—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow
    • G01F1/32—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow using swirl flowmeters
    • G01F1/3209—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow using swirl flowmeters using Karman vortices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/20—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow
    • G01F1/32—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow using swirl flowmeters
    • G01F1/325—Means for detecting quantities used as proxy variables for swirl
    • G01F1/3259—Means for detecting quantities used as proxy variables for swirl for detecting fluid pressure oscillations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for signal processing for measuring signals of a vortex flow sensor.
  • Vortex flow transducers are used in industrial measurement technology for the measurement of volume flows.
  • Capacitive sensors For detecting the pressure fluctuations, e.g. Capacitive sensors, such as those described in European Patent EP-Bl 0229 933.
  • the electrical measuring signals derived from the sensor have a sinusoidal profile in the case of heal. From this, the number of vortices produced per unit of time is determined on the basis of zero crossings of the electrical signal. In doing so, e.g. the time from one zero crossing to the next is measured, or e.g. in a time interval determines the time from the first to the last zero crossing and the number of zero crossings occurring in the time interval.
  • Another disadvantage of such methods is that additional information present in the signal, e.g. whose amplitude or harmonics remain unused.
  • This information can be used by, for example by means of a fast Fourier transform (FFT) frequency determination is performed.
  • FFT fast Fourier transform
  • Such methods require that the measurement signal be at a high sampling rate is digitized and a large number of samples is stored at least temporarily.
  • this form of frequency determination requires a large number of mathematical operations.
  • Vortex flowmeters are already available today as so-called 2-wire devices.
  • Such 2-wire devices have two connecting lines, via which both the power supply of the device and the transmission of measurement results.
  • a standard has been established for these 2-wire devices, according to which the power supply via a 24 volt power source and the 2-wire devices flowing through the connecting lines current depending on the transmitted measurement results to values between 4 mA and 20 niA rules. Accordingly, only a small amount of electrical power is available to these sensors. As a result, the achievable computing power is limited.
  • the invention in a method for signal processing for
  • At least part of the measurement signal is sampled and digitized, [0017] an autocorrelation of the digitized measurement signal is calculated, and [0018] the flow is derived from at least one property of the autocorrelation.
  • the characteristic is a frequency or a period of autocorrelation
  • the frequency or period of the autocorrelation is set equal to a frequency or a period of the measurement signal.
  • a zero or a minimum of the autocorrelation is determined, and the property of the autocorrelation is determined based on the location of the zero or the minimum.
  • the location of the minimum by an adjustment a parabola is determined at points of autocorrelation.
  • the property of the autocorrelation is the
  • the measuring signal passes through before the formation of the
  • the adaptive filter is an adaptive bandpass filter.
  • a frequency of the autocorrelation is determined, and a frequency range in which the bandpass filter is permeable is set based on the frequency of the autocorrelation.
  • an adaptive line enhancer is used as the adaptive bandpass filter.
  • the adaptive filter is a notch filter. According to a development of the latter development leads the adaptive
  • Notch filter is a filter function that provides a residual signal that is used to optimize the
  • Filter serves, and a complementary filter function, which provides the measurement signal, on the basis of which the autocorrelation is determined. Furthermore, the invention consists in a vortex flow sensor for
  • An advantage of the invention is that not only individual measuring points of the measuring signal are received by the autocorrelation, but course and amplitudes of the
  • Fig. 1 shows a vortex flowmeter
  • FIG. 2 shows a sensor of a vortex flowmeter
  • Fig. 3 shows schematically a formation of vertebrae behind a
  • Fig. 4 shows a measurement signal as a function of time
  • Fig. 5 shows an autocorrelation of the measurement signal of Fig. 4 as a function of
  • FIG. 6 shows an autocorrelation of a sinusoidal measurement signal.
  • Fig. 7 shows a minimum portion of the autocorrelation
  • Fig. 8 shows a connected to a sensor of the sensor
  • Fig. 9 shows a connected to a sensor of the sensor
  • Circuit with a notch filter Circuit with a notch filter.
  • Fig. 1 shows an example of a vortex flowmeter
  • Fig. 2 shows an example of an associated sensor.
  • a medium whose volumetric flow rate is to be measured is passed through a measuring tube 1.
  • a bluff body 3 is introduced. Behind the bluff body 3 are alternately formed on both sides vortex with opposite direction of rotation. This is shown schematically in FIG.
  • the vortices each produce a local negative pressure.
  • the pressure fluctuations are detected by the sensor and converted into electrical measuring signals.
  • the vortices develop very regularly within the permissible operating limits of the sensor.
  • the number of vortices generated per unit time is proportional to the volume flow.
  • the frequency f of the measuring signals is proportional to the flow rate of the medium in the measuring tube 1, which in turn is proportional to the volume flow.
  • pressure sensors such as the capacitive sensors mentioned above are suitable.
  • the sensor 5 is arranged in the flow direction behind the bluff body 3 in the measuring tube 1.
  • the electrical measuring signals U s derived from the sensor 5 have a sinusoidal profile in the case of heal. 4 shows such a measurement signal U s as a function of time t.
  • the frequency f of the measuring signal U s is proportional to the flow velocity of the medium in the measuring tube 1 and thus to the flow.
  • the measurement signal U s is sampled and digitized.
  • an autocorrelation AK (T) as a function of
  • Correlation time T of the digitized measurement signal U s (t) is calculated, and the flow derived on the basis of a property of the autocorrelation AK (T).
  • the autocorrelation AK (T) can, for example, according to the following calculation rule:
  • AK (T) ⁇ N U 8 (I 1 ) U 8 (I 1 + T)
  • F is equal to the frequency of the measurement signal U s (t).
  • the associated autocorrelation function AK (T) is shown in FIG.
  • the measurement signal consists of a sinusoidal signal to which only white noise is superimposed, then the latter relationship applies only to correlation times T ⁇ 0.
  • the autocorrelation AK (T) has a value C 0 greater than C is.
  • a corresponding autocorrelation function is shown in FIG.
  • the property of the autocorrelation AK (T) is a frequency f or a period P of the autocorrelation AK (T).
  • the frequency f of the autocorrelation or its period P is substantially equal to the frequency f or the period P of the measurement signal U s .
  • the latter is a measure of the flow and, as described above, can be used to determine the flow.
  • the frequency f or the period P of the autocorrelation AK (T) is set equal to the frequency f or the period P of the measurement signal U s .
  • the frequency f of the autocorrelation function AK (T) and thus the frequency of the sensor signal could already be based on a single value of the autocorrelation for T ⁇ 0.
  • this approach has not provided highly accurate, reproducible results with real measurement signals.
  • real measurement signals contain additional interference signals in addition to a sinusoidal signal and a white noise.
  • a property of the autocorrelation AK (T) is used to determine the flow. It is sufficient to limit the calculation of the essentially cosinusoidal autocorrelation to distinct sections of the same. Significant sections are for example in the range of zero crossings, as well as minima or maxima of the autocorrelation.
  • a first zero point NS1 of the autocorrelation AK (T) is determined.
  • the position of the first zero point NS 1 can be determined, for example, by a simple interpolation in which the point (AK (x ⁇ t) ⁇ 0; x ⁇ t) and the preceding point (AK ((xl) ⁇ t)> 0; (x -1) .DELTA.t), in which the autocorrelation has a positive value, a line is placed whose zero crossing is then set equal to the first zero NS 1.
  • the first zero point NS 1 is given below according to the following calculation rule:
  • NS 1 (x-AK (x ⁇ t) / [AK (x ⁇ t) -AK ((x-1) ⁇ t]) ⁇ t
  • the first zero point NS 1 corresponds to a quarter period of the substantially cosine autocorrelation AK (T).
  • a full period P of the autocorrelation AK (T) accordingly has a duration equal to four times the first zero NS 1.
  • P 4 NS 1.
  • This frequency f reproduces the frequency f of the measurement signal U s (t) very accurately.
  • the frequency f of the measurement signal U s (t) is thus set equal to the frequency f of the autocorrelation AK (T) based on the position the first zero point NS1 was determined. The same applies accordingly for the period P.
  • the sought flow rate is proportional to the frequency f of the measurement signal U s and can thus be determined already on the basis of the first zero point NS 1 of the autocorrelation AK (T). Analogously, the flow can of course be determined on the basis of the associated period P.
  • An advantage of this method is that only a very small number of autocorrelation values are needed and the required arithmetic operation is very simple operations requiring only a few computational steps. Accordingly, only very small storage space and low processing power are required for this method.
  • the first minimum M1 can be determined in various ways.
  • AK (y ⁇ t) of the autocorrelation AK (T) which is greater than an immediately preceding value AK ((yl) ⁇ t).
  • T Min the correlation time
  • the first zero point NS1 be determined and the position of the minimum Ml be estimated based on the location of the first zero point NS1. It is exploited that the minimum Ml is to be expected at a correlation time T Mm which is twice the correlation time of the first zero point NS1.
  • a derivative of the autocorrelation is preferably calculated in the range in which the minimum Ml is to be expected and determines a zero crossing of the derivative. The zero of the derivative corresponds to the position of the first minimum Ml.
  • the exact location of the minimum Ml is determined by fitting a parabola p (T) to autocorrelation points in the range of the minimum.
  • a parabola p (T) can, as shown in FIG. 7, take place on the basis of at least three points of the autocorrelation AK (T).
  • points are, for example, the above [AK (y ⁇ t); y ⁇ t], [AK ((yl) ⁇ t); (yl) ⁇ t] and the preceding point [AK ((y-2) ⁇ t); (Y-2) .DELTA.t].
  • the parabola p (T) is shown in FIG. 7 as a dashed line.
  • the zero crossing of the derivative of the autocorrelation AK can be used in the selection of the points.
  • that point of the autocorrelation which has the smallest distance to the zero point of the derivative and the two points directly to the right and left thereof are used.
  • the correlation time T min corresponds to the position of the minimum of the parabola p (T) and accurately reflects the correlation time of the minimum of the autocorrelation AK (T). Accordingly, it is set equal to the correlation time T Min of the minimum Ml of the autocorrelation AK (T). In this way, the minimum can be determined very accurately even if only a few points of the autocorrelation are available.
  • the parabola can also be adapted to more than three points of autocorrelation, e.g. using the method of minimizing the distance squares. This can in particular bring a gain in accuracy if the measurement signal is digitized with a high sampling rate and thus significantly more than the above 10 points per oscillation are present.
  • the correlation time T Min of the first minimum Ml corresponds to half a period Vi P.
  • Both methods described above have a very low number of autocorrelation points.
  • the number can be reduced even further if an estimated value for the frequency f or for the period P is determined in advance.
  • Such an estimate may e.g. be a meter specific value or be a value determined in a previous measurement for one of these quantities. If such an estimated value is present, then the range in which the first zero point NS1 or the first minimum M1 is to be expected can be limited and the calculation of the autocorrelation can be limited to these ranges.
  • a cosine function K (T) cos (2 ⁇ f c T) to the autocorrelation AK (T).
  • T cos (2 ⁇ f c T)
  • the autocorrelation obtained is normalized.
  • the adaptation can be done, for example, by minimizing a sum of the distance squares J between the values of the cosine function and the associated normalized values ak (TJ of the autocorrelation, the frequency f c of the cosine function serving as an adaptation parameter.
  • the sum of the distance squares can be determined, for example, according to the following calculation rule:
  • J (f c ) ⁇ L (ak (l ⁇ t) - cos (2 ⁇ f c 1 ⁇ t)) 2
  • f c are the adaptation parameters.
  • that frequency f c at which an optimal adaptation is present is set equal to the frequency f of the autocorrelation AK (T) and equal to the frequency f of the measuring signal U s , on the basis of which the flow is determined on the basis of the existing proportionalities.
  • the optimum adaptation corresponds to the minimum of the sum of the distance squares J (f c ).
  • the measurement signal can, in addition to the substantially sinusoidal wanted signal and any white noise present, generate additional interference signals, e.g. non-stationary noise, be superimposed, and may exhibit amplitude variations. Even in these situations, the described methods show very accurate measurement results.
  • the measurement accuracy can be further improved by the measurement signal U s before the formation of the autocorrelation passes through a filter and the autocorrelation AK (T) is determined based on the filtered measurement signal.
  • Fig. 8 shows a corresponding circuit comprising the sensor 5 and a filter 7 connected thereto.
  • the filtered measurement signals are fed to an analog-to-digital converter 9, which supplies the digital filtered measurement signals to a signal processing unit 11, for example a microprocessor.
  • the signal processing unit 11 determines in the manner described above the autocorrelation and their property, on the basis of which subsequently the flow is derived. This can also be done by means of the signal processing unit 11.
  • the filter 7 which the measurement signal U s undergoes before the formation of the autocorrelation AK (T) is, for example, an adaptive bandpass filter.
  • the frequency f of the auto-correlation AK (T) is determined, and a frequency range in which the band-pass filter is transmissive is set based on the frequency f of the autocorrelation.
  • the frequency f of the autocorrelation AK (T) is essentially equal to the frequency f of the measurement signal U s .
  • the filter 7 is thereby continuously adapted to the frequency f of the measurement signal U s by permitting the permeability of only one frequency range in the immediate vicinity of the frequency f of the measurement signal U s . Accordingly, interference signals of other frequencies contained in the measurement signal are filtered out immediately.
  • the passband of the bandpass filter can be adjusted on the basis of a frequency of the measurement signal derived directly from the measurement signal. For this purpose, for example, counted in a conventional manner, the zero crossings of the measuring signal and based on their number per unit time, the frequency can be determined.
  • a digital filter 13 may also be used. This is then, as shown in dashed lines in Fig. 7, to arrange behind the analog digital filter 9.
  • digital adaptive band-pass filters which are used analogously to what has been said above in connection with the analog adaptive band-pass filter.
  • ALE adaptive line enhancers
  • an average value filter 15 can be used. This is also shown in FIG. Mean value filters smooth the measuring signal by averaging over several consecutive measured values.
  • FIG. 9 shows a further circuit by means of which the measurement signal is subjected to filtering before the autocorrelation is formed.
  • an adaptive notch filter 17 is provided here.
  • Notch filters are highly selective filters for a narrow stopband.
  • a notch filter 17 described by a filter function H (z) supplies at the output thereof a residual signal R which contains all the portions of the input signal lying outside the stop band. Usually, this residual signal R becomes Optimization of Notch filter 17 is used.
  • the optimization of the notch filter 17 can be effected, for example, as shown schematically in FIG. 9, by adapting the filter 17 to the effect that the residual signal R is minimized.
  • the notch filter 17 in addition to the filter function H (z) complementary filter function 1 - H (z), which filters out the actual measurement signal U s from the incoming sensor signal.
  • This filtered-out measurement signal U s is then further processed, as described above, by supplying it to the signal processing unit 11, whose autocorrelation AK (T) is determined and the flow is determined on the basis of at least one property of the autocorrelation AK (T).

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé pour le traitement de signaux pour des signaux de mesure (U<SUB>S</SUB>) d'un enregistreur de mesure de débit de courants de Foucault pour la mesure d'un débit d'un fluide par un tube de mesure (1), qui présente un corps déflecteur (3) disposé dans le tube de mesure (1) et un capteur (5) pour la saisie de variations de pression survenant dans la zone du corps déflecteur (3) et pour la conversion de ces variations de pression en un signal de mesure électrique (U<SUB>S</SUB>) avec un faible besoin de puissance de calcul et d'emplacement mémoire, où au moins une partie du signal de mesure (U<SUB>S</SUB>) est balayée et numérisée, une autocorrélation(AK(T)) du signal de mesure numérisé(U<SUB>S</SUB>) étant calculée et le débit étant dérivé à l'aide d'au moins une propriété de l'autocorrélation (AK(T)).
EP07728910A 2006-05-12 2007-05-08 Procédé pour le traitement de signaux de mesure d'un enregistreur de mesure de débit de courants de foucault Withdrawn EP2019962A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006022635A DE102006022635A1 (de) 2006-05-12 2006-05-12 Verfahren zur Signalverarbeitung für Messsignale eines Wirbeldurchflussmessaufnehmers
PCT/EP2007/054458 WO2007131918A1 (fr) 2006-05-12 2007-05-08 Procédé pour le traitement de signaux de mesure d'un enregistreur de mesure de débit de courants de foucault

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2019962A1 true EP2019962A1 (fr) 2009-02-04

Family

ID=38212275

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07728910A Withdrawn EP2019962A1 (fr) 2006-05-12 2007-05-08 Procédé pour le traitement de signaux de mesure d'un enregistreur de mesure de débit de courants de foucault

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US8024136B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2019962A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4951060B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102006022635A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007131918A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011116282B4 (de) 2011-10-19 2013-07-04 Krohne Messtechnik Gmbh Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Vortexdurchflussmessgeräts
US9352450B1 (en) * 2014-01-28 2016-05-31 Us Synthetic Corporation Methods of cleaning a polycrystalline diamond body and methods of forming polycrystalline diamond compacts
US9322683B2 (en) 2014-05-12 2016-04-26 Invensys Systems, Inc. Multivariable vortex flowmeter
US9696187B2 (en) * 2015-07-01 2017-07-04 Rosemount Aerospace Inc. Device for measuring total pressure of fluid flow
JP6374064B1 (ja) * 2017-08-09 2018-08-15 株式会社オーバル 渦流量計

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US3813939A (en) * 1973-05-07 1974-06-04 Fischer & Porter Co Tag-sensing flowmeters
DE3220539A1 (de) 1982-06-01 1983-12-01 Rota Apparate- Und Maschinenbau Dr. Hennig Gmbh & Co Kg, 7867 Wehr Verfahren und vorrichtung zum messen des durchflusses in einer gas- oder fluessigkeits-stroemung
US4592240A (en) * 1983-10-07 1986-06-03 The Foxboro Company Electrical-charge sensing flowmeter
DE3544198A1 (de) 1985-12-13 1987-06-19 Flowtec Ag Wirbelstroemungsmesser
WO1990004230A1 (fr) 1988-10-14 1990-04-19 Engineering Measurements Company Procede et appareil de traitement de signaux pour debitmetres
US6220103B1 (en) * 1996-07-15 2001-04-24 Engineering Measurements Company Vortex detector and flow meter
JP2000019193A (ja) * 1998-06-29 2000-01-21 Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc 非定常流れ場測定方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2009537010A (ja) 2009-10-22
WO2007131918A1 (fr) 2007-11-22
US20080011099A1 (en) 2008-01-17
JP4951060B2 (ja) 2012-06-13
US8024136B2 (en) 2011-09-20
DE102006022635A1 (de) 2007-11-29

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