Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/007—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by irradiation
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
  • B01D53/323—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00 by electrostatic effects or by high-voltage electric fields
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
  • B60H3/00—Other air-treating devices
  • B60H3/0071—Electrically conditioning the air, e.g. by ionizing
  • B60H3/0078—Electrically conditioning the air, e.g. by ionizing comprising electric purifying means
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
  • B60H3/00—Other air-treating devices
  • B60H3/0085—Smell or pollution preventing arrangements
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
  • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
  • F01N3/01—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust by means of electric or electrostatic separators
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
  • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
  • F01N3/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
  • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
  • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
  • F02M26/14—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system
  • F02M26/15—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system in relation to engine exhaust purifying apparatus
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
  • F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
  • F02M27/06—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by rays, e.g. infrared and ultraviolet
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
  • B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N2230/00—Combination of silencers and other devices
  • F01N2230/04—Catalytic converters
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
  • F01N2240/04—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric, e.g. electrostatic, device other than a heater
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
  • F01N2240/22—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a condensation chamber
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
  • F01N2330/10—Fibrous material, e.g. mineral or metallic wool
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
  • F01N2330/22—Metal foam
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
  • F02B29/00—Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
  • F02B29/04—Cooling of air intake supply
  • F02B29/0406—Layout of the intake air cooling or coolant circuit
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
  • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
  • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for dissociating compound molecules present in aeriforms, a device for implementing the method, and some of its uses.
• One of these comprises heating the gas to high temperatures in order to obtain so-called "hot plasma". This is a method requiring very complex equipment and is therefore highly costly and of limited use.
• gasmasks these are unable to retain carbon monoxide, but facilitate surface adsorption onto particular porous granules (for example active carbon, zeolites, treated alumina, etc.), these being unable to operate continuously as the adsorption reactions become blocked by loss of porosity and require regeneration of the porous granules or their replacement.
• porous granules for example active carbon, zeolites, treated alumina, etc.
• hydrolysis reactions can be used by washing the treated aeriforms with liquids containing suitable reagents. This method requires frequent liquid replacement when spent.
• An object of the present invention is to dissociate compound molecules (of carbon dioxide, of water vapour, of carbon monoxide, of nitrogen oxide, of ammonia, of unburned hydrocarbons, of ozone etc.) without giving rise to residual gases.
• Another object of the invention is to propose a device able to effect this dissociation. Another object is to propose advantageous uses of the method.
• An advantageous use of the method of the invention is in industrial or civil effluent gas purification.
• Another advantageous use of the method of the invention is in removing exhaust gases released by internal combustion engines.
• a further advantageous use of the method of the invention is in sterilizing and deodorizing air by micro oxidation.
• Figure 1 is a scheme showing the principle on which the method of the invention is based
• Figure 2 shows it while used in purifying industrial and civil effluent gases
• Figure 3 shows it while used in removing exhaust gases released by an internal combustion engine provided with a turbocharger
• Figure 4 shows it while used in removing exhaust gases released by an internal combustion engine without a turbocharger
• Figure 5 shows it while used in sterilizing and deodorizing air by micro oxidation.
• the general principle on which the method of the invention is based consists of passing a flow of the aeriform to be treated between two electrodes 2, 4 contained in a photonic cell 6 and connected to an electronic voltage raising circuit 8 powered by a unidirectional current generator 10, for example of 12V.
• the positive pole of the circuit 8 is connected to the anode 2 of the photonic cell 6, this anode consisting of a plurality of pointed metal filiform antennas, extending radially and surrounded by the cathode 4, which is connected to earth together with the negative pole of the circuit 8.
• the flow of aeriform to be treated is introduced into the cell 6 through an inlet aperture 12 and emerges from the cell through an outlet aperture 14 disposed such as to cause the flow to pass through the space in the cell 6 between the anode 2 and the cathode 4.
• the circuit 8 generates a high voltage starting from a feed voltage
• the electrode circuit 8 is such as to approach but not exceed the value which would cause dielectric perforation of the gas traversing the space between the two electrodes 2 and 4.
• the electrons When the cell 6 is powered, the electrons accumulate and self-excite on the tips of the anode antennas. Not being able to leave because the inter- electrode voltage is insufficient to generate an electric discharge, they oscillate at a frequency typical of ultraviolet waves, equal to 1.24 x 10 15 sec "1 , with release of an emission of photons at light velocity with an energy of 495 kJmol "1 quanta. These photons have simultaneously a double undulatory and corpuscular property and in their trajectory encounter the compound molecules of the aeriform to be treated, causing them to dissociate.
• each photon is a quantum of energy which when it passes in proximity to an orbit of the compound molecule, excites it such that the energy absorbed tends to widen the orbit to the point of no longer enabling the electric field of the molecule to retain the electron and causing dissociation of the molecule.
• This dissociation causes formation of a pair of ions with opposite electrical charge, then, in the presence of the electric field between the two cell electrodes 2 and 4, the negative ions are repelled by the cathode, while the positive ions are attracted by the cathode, losing their electrical charge and generating an ionic mini current, which closes the electrode circuit between the cell 6 and the generator 10, with a substantial reduction in specific consumption.
• the phenomenon is similar to that which happens in electrolytic solutions, but with a substantial difference in the quantitative sense because in electrolytic solutions the quantity of ions is very large, whereas in aeriforms this quantity is considerably lower.
• air and gases at ambient temperature are excellent electrical insulators, with a dielectric strength of about 20 kV/cm and hence are transformed into conductors only in the presence of ions which are formed only by photon discharges.
• An important advantage of the method of the invention is that it does not give rise to residues.
• Another important advantage is that it does not cause carbon emissions.
• Another important advantage is the low electrical energy consumption.
• the invention also relates to important uses of the aforedescribed method.
• FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the use of the device of the invention in a plant for purifying industrial effluents emitted by a thermoelectric power station, a cement works, etc., assuming the absence of their own system for removing solid suspensions (fumes) and liquid suspensions
• the plant comprises a tower 16 provided lowerly with an inlet port 18 for the gases to be purified and upperly with an outlet port 20 for the purified gases.
• the lower part 22 of the tower 16 forms the condensation region; this comprises a plurality of cusp-shaped diaphragms 24 with their concavity facing downwards, overlying them there being an arrangement of sprayers 26 fed by a detergent liquid consisting of water and glycol.
• a recirculation system with pumps 28 feeds the sprayers with the detergent liquid drawn from the base of the tower 16.
• a drying region 30 is provided in a position above the condensation region 22 in the tower 16. This comprises a plurality of nozzles 32 through which a jet of compressed air is blown.
• the upper part of the tower 16 forms the molecule dissociation region, using the method of the invention. It comprises a plurality of photonic cells, their number being related to the flow rate of the gas to be purified, and is also a function of the stack dimensions, of the characteristics of the plant for removing solid suspensions (fumes) and liquid suspensions (vapour), of the velocity and of the type of suspension.
• the aeriform flow which enters the tower 16 through the port 18, encounters the diaphragms 24, forming overall a sort of grid, and by the combined effect of these and of the detergent liquid undergoes condensation of its solid suspensions (fumes) and liquid suspensions (vapour).
• the aeriform flow, now without solid and liquid particles, is then subjected to drying by the compressed air jets, the purpose of which is to remove any liquid suspensions still present in the flow.
• a single photonic cell 6 can be used with a much reduced filtration system.
• FIG. 3 shows schematically the use of the method of the invention for purifying exhaust gases emitted by an internal combustion engine provided with a turbocharger.
• the engine 36 here shown schematically as a cylinder, has its exhaust 38 directly connected to a conduit 40 which withdraws the exhaust gases and by means of a turbine 42 feeds them to the photonic cell 6, from which they emerge purified to be then returned to the engine 36 via an intercooler 44.
• This use of the invention is particularly interesting, because it enables the engine to operate in semi-closed cycle which, in addition to being advantageous ecologically as it eliminates exhaust gases, enables fuel consumption to be substantially reduced while at the same time increasing the engine specific power and reducing its idling r.p.m.
• Prototypes produced in accordance with the invention and subjected to experimental trials have demonstrated fuel consumption reductions of the order of 30% for equal performance.
• Figure 4 shows schematically the use of the method of the invention for purifying exhaust gases emitted by an internal combustion engine not provided with a turbocharger.
• the exhaust gases leaving the engine 36 pass through a catalytic muffler 46 and are fed through the photonic cell 6 of the invention and then into a vacuum valve 48.
• One exit of the vacuum valve 48 leads to a silencer 50 while the other exit leads back to the engine via a conduit 52.
• Figure 5 shows schematically the use of the principle of the method of the invention in sterilizing and deodorising air by micro oxidation.
• a particular photonic cell 6 comprising a plurality of anodes 2 in the form of filiform antennas and with two linearly extending cathodes 4.
• a baffle 54 is provided for the purpose of continuously scrubbing the air, and an electrostatic filter 34 for the purpose of eliminating captured suspensions and vapours.
• the principle on which this use of the photonic cell 6 is based is to eliminate bad odours and to sterilize germs and viruses by micro oxidation with cluster oxygen (or nascent oxygen).
• the principle on which the present invention is based consists of a physical process comprising, in the stated sequence:
• Air scrubbing takes place during its passage through the baffle, which can consist of vegetable fibres or glass fibres or metal sponges; the air is then subjected to evaporation and then to adiabatic condensation, and cooled.
• the electrostatic filter 34 is of glass fibre honeycomb type with a suitably isolated central metal mesh electrode powered by an electronic generator positioned below the filter. The suspensions and vapours captured by the electrostatic filter are thickened in the bottom of the filter by electrophoresis and then eliminated.
• the oxygen atoms are also able to mutually reassociate with maximum reaction times of the order of 1 or 2 seconds and with the formation of pairs having a negative or positive charge. These pairs then mutually reassociate to form neutral molecules able to attack the bacteria or virus dusts and fungus spores present in suspension in the air to form powdery flakes therewith, which if of small dimensions settle as a sediment, whereas if of larger dimensions can be retained by filters, with which air conditioning systems are generally provided.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Atmospheric Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
• Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
• Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)

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• 2006
  • 2006-03-21 IT IT000014A patent/ITVE20060014A1/it unknown
• 2007
  • 2007-03-19 EP EP07727059A patent/EP1998887A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-03-19 WO PCT/EP2007/052581 patent/WO2007107544A2/en active Application Filing

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