WO2007107544A2 - Method for dissociating compound molecules present in aeriforms, device for implementing the method, and some of its uses - Google Patents
Method for dissociating compound molecules present in aeriforms, device for implementing the method, and some of its uses Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007107544A2 WO2007107544A2 PCT/EP2007/052581 EP2007052581W WO2007107544A2 WO 2007107544 A2 WO2007107544 A2 WO 2007107544A2 EP 2007052581 W EP2007052581 W EP 2007052581W WO 2007107544 A2 WO2007107544 A2 WO 2007107544A2
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- plant
- air
- treatment chamber
- engine
- gases
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000006194 liquid suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000003584 silencer Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003295 industrial effluent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004332 deodorization Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001877 deodorizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004887 air purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/007—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by irradiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
- B01D53/323—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00 by electrostatic effects or by high-voltage electric fields
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H3/00—Other air-treating devices
- B60H3/0071—Electrically conditioning the air, e.g. by ionizing
- B60H3/0078—Electrically conditioning the air, e.g. by ionizing comprising electric purifying means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H3/00—Other air-treating devices
- B60H3/0085—Smell or pollution preventing arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/01—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust by means of electric or electrostatic separators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/14—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system
- F02M26/15—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system in relation to engine exhaust purifying apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
- F02M27/06—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by rays, e.g. infrared and ultraviolet
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2230/00—Combination of silencers and other devices
- F01N2230/04—Catalytic converters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/04—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric, e.g. electrostatic, device other than a heater
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/22—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a condensation chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/10—Fibrous material, e.g. mineral or metallic wool
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/22—Metal foam
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B29/00—Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
- F02B29/04—Cooling of air intake supply
- F02B29/0406—Layout of the intake air cooling or coolant circuit
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for dissociating compound molecules present in aeriforms, a device for implementing the method, and some of its uses.
- One of these comprises heating the gas to high temperatures in order to obtain so-called "hot plasma". This is a method requiring very complex equipment and is therefore highly costly and of limited use.
- gasmasks these are unable to retain carbon monoxide, but facilitate surface adsorption onto particular porous granules (for example active carbon, zeolites, treated alumina, etc.), these being unable to operate continuously as the adsorption reactions become blocked by loss of porosity and require regeneration of the porous granules or their replacement.
- porous granules for example active carbon, zeolites, treated alumina, etc.
- hydrolysis reactions can be used by washing the treated aeriforms with liquids containing suitable reagents. This method requires frequent liquid replacement when spent.
- An object of the present invention is to dissociate compound molecules (of carbon dioxide, of water vapour, of carbon monoxide, of nitrogen oxide, of ammonia, of unburned hydrocarbons, of ozone etc.) without giving rise to residual gases.
- Another object of the invention is to propose a device able to effect this dissociation. Another object is to propose advantageous uses of the method.
- An advantageous use of the method of the invention is in industrial or civil effluent gas purification.
- Another advantageous use of the method of the invention is in removing exhaust gases released by internal combustion engines.
- a further advantageous use of the method of the invention is in sterilizing and deodorizing air by micro oxidation.
- Figure 1 is a scheme showing the principle on which the method of the invention is based
- Figure 2 shows it while used in purifying industrial and civil effluent gases
- Figure 3 shows it while used in removing exhaust gases released by an internal combustion engine provided with a turbocharger
- Figure 4 shows it while used in removing exhaust gases released by an internal combustion engine without a turbocharger
- Figure 5 shows it while used in sterilizing and deodorizing air by micro oxidation.
- the general principle on which the method of the invention is based consists of passing a flow of the aeriform to be treated between two electrodes 2, 4 contained in a photonic cell 6 and connected to an electronic voltage raising circuit 8 powered by a unidirectional current generator 10, for example of 12V.
- the positive pole of the circuit 8 is connected to the anode 2 of the photonic cell 6, this anode consisting of a plurality of pointed metal filiform antennas, extending radially and surrounded by the cathode 4, which is connected to earth together with the negative pole of the circuit 8.
- the flow of aeriform to be treated is introduced into the cell 6 through an inlet aperture 12 and emerges from the cell through an outlet aperture 14 disposed such as to cause the flow to pass through the space in the cell 6 between the anode 2 and the cathode 4.
- the circuit 8 generates a high voltage starting from a feed voltage
- the electrode circuit 8 is such as to approach but not exceed the value which would cause dielectric perforation of the gas traversing the space between the two electrodes 2 and 4.
- the electrons When the cell 6 is powered, the electrons accumulate and self-excite on the tips of the anode antennas. Not being able to leave because the inter- electrode voltage is insufficient to generate an electric discharge, they oscillate at a frequency typical of ultraviolet waves, equal to 1.24 x 10 15 sec "1 , with release of an emission of photons at light velocity with an energy of 495 kJmol "1 quanta. These photons have simultaneously a double undulatory and corpuscular property and in their trajectory encounter the compound molecules of the aeriform to be treated, causing them to dissociate.
- each photon is a quantum of energy which when it passes in proximity to an orbit of the compound molecule, excites it such that the energy absorbed tends to widen the orbit to the point of no longer enabling the electric field of the molecule to retain the electron and causing dissociation of the molecule.
- This dissociation causes formation of a pair of ions with opposite electrical charge, then, in the presence of the electric field between the two cell electrodes 2 and 4, the negative ions are repelled by the cathode, while the positive ions are attracted by the cathode, losing their electrical charge and generating an ionic mini current, which closes the electrode circuit between the cell 6 and the generator 10, with a substantial reduction in specific consumption.
- the phenomenon is similar to that which happens in electrolytic solutions, but with a substantial difference in the quantitative sense because in electrolytic solutions the quantity of ions is very large, whereas in aeriforms this quantity is considerably lower.
- air and gases at ambient temperature are excellent electrical insulators, with a dielectric strength of about 20 kV/cm and hence are transformed into conductors only in the presence of ions which are formed only by photon discharges.
- An important advantage of the method of the invention is that it does not give rise to residues.
- Another important advantage is that it does not cause carbon emissions.
- Another important advantage is the low electrical energy consumption.
- the invention also relates to important uses of the aforedescribed method.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the use of the device of the invention in a plant for purifying industrial effluents emitted by a thermoelectric power station, a cement works, etc., assuming the absence of their own system for removing solid suspensions (fumes) and liquid suspensions
- the plant comprises a tower 16 provided lowerly with an inlet port 18 for the gases to be purified and upperly with an outlet port 20 for the purified gases.
- the lower part 22 of the tower 16 forms the condensation region; this comprises a plurality of cusp-shaped diaphragms 24 with their concavity facing downwards, overlying them there being an arrangement of sprayers 26 fed by a detergent liquid consisting of water and glycol.
- a recirculation system with pumps 28 feeds the sprayers with the detergent liquid drawn from the base of the tower 16.
- a drying region 30 is provided in a position above the condensation region 22 in the tower 16. This comprises a plurality of nozzles 32 through which a jet of compressed air is blown.
- the upper part of the tower 16 forms the molecule dissociation region, using the method of the invention. It comprises a plurality of photonic cells, their number being related to the flow rate of the gas to be purified, and is also a function of the stack dimensions, of the characteristics of the plant for removing solid suspensions (fumes) and liquid suspensions (vapour), of the velocity and of the type of suspension.
- the aeriform flow which enters the tower 16 through the port 18, encounters the diaphragms 24, forming overall a sort of grid, and by the combined effect of these and of the detergent liquid undergoes condensation of its solid suspensions (fumes) and liquid suspensions (vapour).
- the aeriform flow, now without solid and liquid particles, is then subjected to drying by the compressed air jets, the purpose of which is to remove any liquid suspensions still present in the flow.
- a single photonic cell 6 can be used with a much reduced filtration system.
- FIG. 3 shows schematically the use of the method of the invention for purifying exhaust gases emitted by an internal combustion engine provided with a turbocharger.
- the engine 36 here shown schematically as a cylinder, has its exhaust 38 directly connected to a conduit 40 which withdraws the exhaust gases and by means of a turbine 42 feeds them to the photonic cell 6, from which they emerge purified to be then returned to the engine 36 via an intercooler 44.
- This use of the invention is particularly interesting, because it enables the engine to operate in semi-closed cycle which, in addition to being advantageous ecologically as it eliminates exhaust gases, enables fuel consumption to be substantially reduced while at the same time increasing the engine specific power and reducing its idling r.p.m.
- Prototypes produced in accordance with the invention and subjected to experimental trials have demonstrated fuel consumption reductions of the order of 30% for equal performance.
- Figure 4 shows schematically the use of the method of the invention for purifying exhaust gases emitted by an internal combustion engine not provided with a turbocharger.
- the exhaust gases leaving the engine 36 pass through a catalytic muffler 46 and are fed through the photonic cell 6 of the invention and then into a vacuum valve 48.
- One exit of the vacuum valve 48 leads to a silencer 50 while the other exit leads back to the engine via a conduit 52.
- Figure 5 shows schematically the use of the principle of the method of the invention in sterilizing and deodorising air by micro oxidation.
- a particular photonic cell 6 comprising a plurality of anodes 2 in the form of filiform antennas and with two linearly extending cathodes 4.
- a baffle 54 is provided for the purpose of continuously scrubbing the air, and an electrostatic filter 34 for the purpose of eliminating captured suspensions and vapours.
- the principle on which this use of the photonic cell 6 is based is to eliminate bad odours and to sterilize germs and viruses by micro oxidation with cluster oxygen (or nascent oxygen).
- the principle on which the present invention is based consists of a physical process comprising, in the stated sequence:
- Air scrubbing takes place during its passage through the baffle, which can consist of vegetable fibres or glass fibres or metal sponges; the air is then subjected to evaporation and then to adiabatic condensation, and cooled.
- the electrostatic filter 34 is of glass fibre honeycomb type with a suitably isolated central metal mesh electrode powered by an electronic generator positioned below the filter. The suspensions and vapours captured by the electrostatic filter are thickened in the bottom of the filter by electrophoresis and then eliminated.
- the oxygen atoms are also able to mutually reassociate with maximum reaction times of the order of 1 or 2 seconds and with the formation of pairs having a negative or positive charge. These pairs then mutually reassociate to form neutral molecules able to attack the bacteria or virus dusts and fungus spores present in suspension in the air to form powdery flakes therewith, which if of small dimensions settle as a sediment, whereas if of larger dimensions can be retained by filters, with which air conditioning systems are generally provided.
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Abstract
A method of dissociating compound molecules present in aeriforms, characterised by subjecting an aeriform flow free of solid and liquid suspensions to a photon emission in the ultraviolet wave field.
Description
METHOD FOR DISSOCIATING COMPOUND MOLECULES PRESENT IN AERIFORMS, DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD, AND SOME OF ITS USES
The present invention relates to a method for dissociating compound molecules present in aeriforms, a device for implementing the method, and some of its uses.
Methods for dissociating compound molecules present in gases which contain them are known.
One of these comprises heating the gas to high temperatures in order to obtain so-called "hot plasma". This is a method requiring very complex equipment and is therefore highly costly and of limited use.
It is also known to react the individual gas components with suitable reagents, which are mostly toxic, dangerous, corrosive or of difficult disposal.
If for example carbon dioxide is to be dissociated, this is absorbed by caustic soda to obtain a solid residue consisting of a difficultly disposable salt.
In another example, that of gasmasks, these are unable to retain carbon monoxide, but facilitate surface adsorption onto particular porous granules (for example active carbon, zeolites, treated alumina, etc.), these being unable to operate continuously as the adsorption reactions become blocked by loss of porosity and require regeneration of the porous granules or their replacement.
In painting equipment, hydrolysis reactions can be used by washing the treated aeriforms with liquids containing suitable reagents. This method requires frequent liquid replacement when spent.
Essentially, it can be stated that dissociating compound molecules present in gases is extremely costly if effected thermally, and raises large disposal problems if effected chemically.
In the air purification sector it is also known to use mechanical or electrostatic filters, which treat the aerosuspensions but do not produce oxygen to be returned into the atmosphere.
An object of the present invention is to dissociate compound molecules (of carbon dioxide, of water vapour, of carbon monoxide, of nitrogen oxide, of ammonia, of unburned hydrocarbons, of ozone etc.) without giving rise to residual gases.
Another object of the invention is to propose a device able to effect this dissociation. Another object is to propose advantageous uses of the method.
These and further objects which will be apparent from the ensuing description are attained, according to the invention, by a method for dissociating compound molecules present in aeriforms in accordance with claim 1. To implement this method the invention uses a device in accordance with claim 3.
An advantageous use of the method of the invention is in industrial or civil effluent gas purification.
Another advantageous use of the method of the invention is in removing exhaust gases released by internal combustion engines.
A further advantageous use of the method of the invention is in sterilizing and deodorizing air by micro oxidation.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention and some uses thereof are described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a scheme showing the principle on which the method of the invention is based,
Figure 2 shows it while used in purifying industrial and civil effluent gases, Figure 3 shows it while used in removing exhaust gases released by an internal combustion engine provided with a turbocharger,
Figure 4 shows it while used in removing exhaust gases released by an internal combustion engine without a turbocharger, Figure 5 shows it while used in sterilizing and deodorizing air by micro oxidation. As can be seen from the figures, the general principle on which the method of the invention is based consists of passing a flow of the aeriform to be treated between two electrodes 2, 4 contained in a photonic cell 6 and connected to an electronic voltage raising circuit 8 powered by a unidirectional current generator 10, for example of 12V. More precisely, the positive pole of the circuit 8 is connected to the anode 2 of the photonic cell 6, this anode consisting of a plurality of pointed metal filiform antennas, extending radially and surrounded by the cathode 4, which is connected to earth together with the negative pole of the circuit 8.
The flow of aeriform to be treated is introduced into the cell 6 through an inlet aperture 12 and emerges from the cell through an outlet aperture 14 disposed such as to cause the flow to pass through the space in the cell 6 between the anode 2 and the cathode 4.
The circuit 8 generates a high voltage starting from a feed voltage
(either a low DC voltage, for example 12V DC or traditional alternating current voltages, for example 220V AC) and using multiple voltage raising or inverter techniques. When applied to the electrodes 2 and 4, the voltage provided by
- A -
the electrode circuit 8 is such as to approach but not exceed the value which would cause dielectric perforation of the gas traversing the space between the two electrodes 2 and 4.
When the cell 6 is powered, the electrons accumulate and self-excite on the tips of the anode antennas. Not being able to leave because the inter- electrode voltage is insufficient to generate an electric discharge, they oscillate at a frequency typical of ultraviolet waves, equal to 1.24 x 1015 sec"1, with release of an emission of photons at light velocity with an energy of 495 kJmol"1 quanta. These photons have simultaneously a double undulatory and corpuscular property and in their trajectory encounter the compound molecules of the aeriform to be treated, causing them to dissociate. This is due to the fact that each photon is a quantum of energy which when it passes in proximity to an orbit of the compound molecule, excites it such that the energy absorbed tends to widen the orbit to the point of no longer enabling the electric field of the molecule to retain the electron and causing dissociation of the molecule.
This dissociation causes formation of a pair of ions with opposite electrical charge, then, in the presence of the electric field between the two cell electrodes 2 and 4, the negative ions are repelled by the cathode, while the positive ions are attracted by the cathode, losing their electrical charge and generating an ionic mini current, which closes the electrode circuit between the cell 6 and the generator 10, with a substantial reduction in specific consumption. The phenomenon is similar to that which happens in electrolytic solutions, but with a substantial difference in the quantitative sense because
in electrolytic solutions the quantity of ions is very large, whereas in aeriforms this quantity is considerably lower. In this respect, under normal conditions air and gases at ambient temperature are excellent electrical insulators, with a dielectric strength of about 20 kV/cm and hence are transformed into conductors only in the presence of ions which are formed only by photon discharges.
An important advantage of the method of the invention is that it does not give rise to residues.
Another important advantage is that it does not cause carbon emissions.
Another important advantage is the low electrical energy consumption.
The invention also relates to important uses of the aforedescribed method.
Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of the use of the device of the invention in a plant for purifying industrial effluents emitted by a thermoelectric power station, a cement works, etc., assuming the absence of their own system for removing solid suspensions (fumes) and liquid suspensions
(vapours).
The plant comprises a tower 16 provided lowerly with an inlet port 18 for the gases to be purified and upperly with an outlet port 20 for the purified gases.
The lower part 22 of the tower 16 forms the condensation region; this comprises a plurality of cusp-shaped diaphragms 24 with their concavity facing downwards, overlying them there being an arrangement of sprayers 26 fed by a detergent liquid consisting of water and glycol. A recirculation
system with pumps 28 feeds the sprayers with the detergent liquid drawn from the base of the tower 16.
In a position above the condensation region 22 in the tower 16, a drying region 30 is provided. This comprises a plurality of nozzles 32 through which a jet of compressed air is blown.
The upper part of the tower 16 forms the molecule dissociation region, using the method of the invention. It comprises a plurality of photonic cells, their number being related to the flow rate of the gas to be purified, and is also a function of the stack dimensions, of the characteristics of the plant for removing solid suspensions (fumes) and liquid suspensions (vapour), of the velocity and of the type of suspension.
Regardless of their number, all the cells, provided with anode 2 and cathode 4, are powered in parallel by a generator, not shown in the drawings.
The aeriform flow, which enters the tower 16 through the port 18, encounters the diaphragms 24, forming overall a sort of grid, and by the combined effect of these and of the detergent liquid undergoes condensation of its solid suspensions (fumes) and liquid suspensions (vapour).
The aeriform flow, now without solid and liquid particles, is then subjected to drying by the compressed air jets, the purpose of which is to remove any liquid suspensions still present in the flow.
If a boiler exhaust is to be purified, a single photonic cell 6 can be used with a much reduced filtration system.
Figure 3 shows schematically the use of the method of the invention for purifying exhaust gases emitted by an internal combustion engine provided with a turbocharger.
As can be seen the engine 36, here shown schematically as a cylinder, has its exhaust 38 directly connected to a conduit 40 which withdraws the exhaust gases and by means of a turbine 42 feeds them to the photonic cell 6, from which they emerge purified to be then returned to the engine 36 via an intercooler 44.
Any lack of engine feed air in the gases regenerated by passing through the photonic cell 6 is compensated by withdrawal of new air from the outside by the compressor.
This use of the invention is particularly interesting, because it enables the engine to operate in semi-closed cycle which, in addition to being advantageous ecologically as it eliminates exhaust gases, enables fuel consumption to be substantially reduced while at the same time increasing the engine specific power and reducing its idling r.p.m.
Prototypes produced in accordance with the invention and subjected to experimental trials have demonstrated fuel consumption reductions of the order of 30% for equal performance.
Figure 4 shows schematically the use of the method of the invention for purifying exhaust gases emitted by an internal combustion engine not provided with a turbocharger. As can be seen, the exhaust gases leaving the engine 36 pass through a catalytic muffler 46 and are fed through the photonic cell 6 of the invention and then into a vacuum valve 48.
One exit of the vacuum valve 48 leads to a silencer 50 while the other exit leads back to the engine via a conduit 52.
When the engine operates at normal r.p.m., practically all the purified gases leaving the photonic cell 6 pass into the silencer 50 and from there to the outside. In contrast, when the engine operates at low r.p.m. the vacuum
valve 48 intervenes to recycle to the engine 36 part of the purified gases leaving the photonic cell 6.
For this use a series of experimental trials has been carried out on the exhaust gases emitted by the engine of a FIAT PUNTO, these having demonstrated a maximum carbon dioxide reduction of about 51 % and an oxygen increase of about 19%.
Figure 5 shows schematically the use of the principle of the method of the invention in sterilizing and deodorising air by micro oxidation.
In this case a particular photonic cell 6 is used comprising a plurality of anodes 2 in the form of filiform antennas and with two linearly extending cathodes 4.
Upstream of the photonic cell 6, with respect to the direction of the air flow to be treated, a baffle 54 is provided for the purpose of continuously scrubbing the air, and an electrostatic filter 34 for the purpose of eliminating captured suspensions and vapours.
The principle on which this use of the photonic cell 6 is based is to eliminate bad odours and to sterilize germs and viruses by micro oxidation with cluster oxygen (or nascent oxygen).
This principle is quite different from the technique traditionally used for neutralizing local air or gas and consisting of:
- mixing the air to be treated with air drawn from the outside,
- passing the air to be treated over adsorbent layers while simultaneously feeding vapours released from spices and balsamic oils,
- reacting the air to be treated with generally chlorine-based reagents, - subjecting the air to be treated to high temperature to cause scission of the compound molecules of odour-carrying vapours into thermal ions.
In contrast to this traditional technique, the principle on which the present invention is based consists of a physical process comprising, in the stated sequence:
- continuously scrubbing the air to be treated in a cascade of liquid droplets of strongly oxygenated water with the possible addition of natural essences,
- filtering the air by passage through the electrostatic filter 34,
- micro oxidizing the air in the photonic cell 6.
Air scrubbing takes place during its passage through the baffle, which can consist of vegetable fibres or glass fibres or metal sponges; the air is then subjected to evaporation and then to adiabatic condensation, and cooled.
Filtration of the scrubbed and cooled air also adjusts the moisture level to that most suitable for the subsequent sterilizing photodissociation process. The electrostatic filter 34 is of glass fibre honeycomb type with a suitably isolated central metal mesh electrode powered by an electronic generator positioned below the filter. The suspensions and vapours captured by the electrostatic filter are thickened in the bottom of the filter by electrophoresis and then eliminated.
Finally in the photonic cell 6, the scrubbed and filtered air of the appropriate moisture content encounters the photon flow by which the O2 molecules are split into O+ and O" ions (cluster oxygen). Each nascent oxygen atom, i.e. not bonded to a molecule, is very reactive and tends to bind to the other molecules, to oxidize them and facilitate degradation of the organic molecules of the infecting agents.
They are also able to attack the molecules of the osmogenic odours released by organic substances in a state of fermentation, by an oxidation process which irreversibly neutralizes them with reaction times of the order of
1/1000 of a second. This method can be advantageously used to deodorize room air.
The oxygen atoms are also able to mutually reassociate with maximum reaction times of the order of 1 or 2 seconds and with the formation of pairs having a negative or positive charge. These pairs then mutually reassociate to form neutral molecules able to attack the bacteria or virus dusts and fungus spores present in suspension in the air to form powdery flakes therewith, which if of small dimensions settle as a sediment, whereas if of larger dimensions can be retained by filters, with which air conditioning systems are generally provided.
Claims
1. A method of dissociating compound molecules present in aeriforms, characterised by subjecting an aeriform flow free of solid and liquid suspensions to a photon emission in the ultraviolet wave field.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 , characterised by generating a photon flow by creating an electric field between two electrodes, of which the anode consists of a plurality of pointed metal filiform antennas and is connected to the positive pole of a direct current generator, and the cathode consists of a continuous metal surface facing the anode and connected to the negative pole of the generator, the voltage of said generator being such as not to exceed the dielectric field of the aeriform which passes through the space bounded by said electrodes.
3. A device for implementing the method claimed in claims 1 and/or 2, characterised by comprising at least one treatment chamber (6) with an inlet (12) and an outlet (14) for the air to be treated and with a pair of mutually facing electrodes (2, 4), of which the anode (2) consists of a plurality of pointed metal filiform antennas and the cathode (4) consists of a continuous surface of a conductor material, said electrodes being connected to a direct current generator (8, 10) having a voltage such as not to exceed the dielectric field of the aeriform which traverses the trajectory of the photons emitted by the anode (2).
4. A device as claimed in claim 3, characterised in that the cathode (4) consists of the outer casing of said treatment chamber (6).
5. A device as claimed in claim 3, characterised in that the cathode (4) consists of at least one rectilinear element positioned in the interior of said treatment chamber (6).
6. A plant for purifying industrial effluent gases using at least one device claimed in one or more of said claims 3 to 5, characterised by comprising a plurality of treatment chambers (6) having the electrodes (2, 4) connected in parallel.
7. A plant as claimed in claim 6 for purifying effluent gases containing solid and/or liquid suspensions, characterised by comprising a tower (16) provided lowerly with an inlet port (18) for the gas to be purified and provided upperly with an outlet port (20) for the purified gases, and divided vertically into a lower suspension condensation region (22), a central drying region (30) and an upper molecule dissociation region.
8. A plant as claimed in claim 7, characterised in that the suspension condensation region (22) is provided with a plurality of cusp-shaped diaphragms (24) with their concavity facing downwards, overlying them there being an arrangement of sprayers (26) fed by detergent liquid.
9. A plant as claimed in claim 8, characterised in that said sprayers (26) are fed with a mixture of water and glycol.
10. A plant as claimed in claim 8, characterised in that the sprayers (26) are fed by a recirculation circuit which draws the detergent liquid from the base of said tower (16).
11. A plant as claimed in claim 7, characterised in that the drying region (30) comprises a plurality of nozzles (32) for blowing a compressed air jet into the gases to be purified.
12. A system using at least one device claimed in one or more of claims 3 to 5 for purifying the exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine (36) provided with a turbo charger, characterised in that the turbine (42) of the turbo charger has its intake side connected to the exhaust (38) of the engine 36) and its delivery side connected to the inlet of the treatment chamber (6), the turbo compressor having its intake side connected to the treatment chamber unit and its delivery side connected to the engine (36) intake.
13. A system as claimed in claim 12, characterised in that an intercooler unit (44) is inserted into the conduit connecting the turbo compressor to the engine (36).
14. A system as claimed in claim 12, characterised in that the turbo compressor is also provided with an external air connection.
15. A system using at least one device claimed in one or more of claims 3 to 5 for purifying the exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine without a turbo charger, characterised in that the treatment chamber (6) is interposed between a catalytic muffler (46) and a silencer in the exhaust conduit of said engine, and is connected on its downstream side to a vacuum valve (48) connected via a conduit (52) to the intake of said engine (36).
16. A plant using at least one device claimed in one or more of claims 3 to 5 for air sterilization and deodorization, characterised by comprising a conveyor for the air flow to be treated, a wash unit (52) for said air, an electrostatic filter unit (34) positioned downstream of said wash unit with reference to the flow direction of the air to be treated, and at least one treatment chamber (6) positioned downstream of said electrostatic filter unit (34).
17. A plant as claimed in claim 16, characterised in that said wash unit (52) comprises a filter formed of vegetable fibres.
18. A plant as claimed in claim 16, characterised in that said wash unit (52) comprises a filter formed of glass fibres.
19. A plant as claimed in claim 16, characterised in that said wash unit (52) comprises a filter formed of metal sponges.
20. A plant as claimed in claim 16, characterised in that the electrostatic filter unit (34) comprises a filter of glass fibre honeycomb type with a central metal mesh electrode.
21. A plant as claimed in claim 16, characterised in that the treatment chamber (6) comprises a plurality of anodes with pointed metal filiform antennas and at least one linear cathode (4) facing all the anodes.
Priority Applications (1)
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EP07727059A EP1998887A2 (en) | 2006-03-21 | 2007-03-19 | Method for dissociating compound molecules present in aeriforms, device for implementing the method, and some of its uses |
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ITVE2006A000014 | 2006-03-21 | ||
IT000014A ITVE20060014A1 (en) | 2006-03-21 | 2006-03-21 | METHOD OF DISSOCOCATION OF COMPOUND MOLECULES PRESENT IN AIRCRAFT, A DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD AND USING THE DEVICE. |
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WO2007107544A2 true WO2007107544A2 (en) | 2007-09-27 |
WO2007107544A3 WO2007107544A3 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
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PCT/EP2007/052581 WO2007107544A2 (en) | 2006-03-21 | 2007-03-19 | Method for dissociating compound molecules present in aeriforms, device for implementing the method, and some of its uses |
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EP (1) | EP1998887A2 (en) |
IT (1) | ITVE20060014A1 (en) |
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Cited By (2)
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CN103145289A (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2013-06-12 | 睿福股份有限公司 | Preparation method for mixture of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions |
WO2017068557A1 (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2017-04-27 | I.R.C.A. S.P.A. Industria Resistenze Corazzate E Affini | Device and method for purifying exhaust gas from endothermic engines |
Citations (1)
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US20050142047A1 (en) | 2003-12-31 | 2005-06-30 | Hyundai Motor Company | Hybrid-type air purifier for an automobile |
Family Cites Families (7)
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GB1029621A (en) * | 1963-01-24 | 1966-05-18 | Merckle Karl | Appliance for the purification and sterilization of gases in particular room air |
US3543021A (en) * | 1967-01-16 | 1970-11-24 | Frederick Scarborough Sr | Ultraviolet air sterilizer and ozone generator |
US4247379A (en) * | 1979-08-09 | 1981-01-27 | Leach Sam L | Method for chemical reactions using high intensity radiant energy and system therefor |
US4780287A (en) * | 1984-07-03 | 1988-10-25 | Ultrox International | Decomposition of volatile organic halogenated compounds contained in gases |
US5334347A (en) * | 1992-07-02 | 1994-08-02 | Hollander Brad C | Electric discharge device |
US5714665A (en) * | 1995-02-23 | 1998-02-03 | The Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc. | Method and apparatus for the decomposition and re-use-as-resource treatment of ozone layer-depleting substances by application of UV light |
KR20010090648A (en) * | 2000-04-10 | 2001-10-19 | 김동현 | Air cleaning unit using photocatalyst and air cleaning system having the same |
-
2006
- 2006-03-21 IT IT000014A patent/ITVE20060014A1/en unknown
-
2007
- 2007-03-19 WO PCT/EP2007/052581 patent/WO2007107544A2/en active Application Filing
- 2007-03-19 EP EP07727059A patent/EP1998887A2/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050142047A1 (en) | 2003-12-31 | 2005-06-30 | Hyundai Motor Company | Hybrid-type air purifier for an automobile |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103145289A (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2013-06-12 | 睿福股份有限公司 | Preparation method for mixture of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions |
CN103145289B (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2015-09-09 | 睿福股份有限公司 | The manufacture method of hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion mixture |
WO2017068557A1 (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2017-04-27 | I.R.C.A. S.P.A. Industria Resistenze Corazzate E Affini | Device and method for purifying exhaust gas from endothermic engines |
US20180311615A1 (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2018-11-01 | I.R.C.A. S.P.A. Industria Resistenze Corazzate E Affini | Device and method for purifying exhaust gas from endothermic engines |
US10758865B2 (en) | 2015-10-23 | 2020-09-01 | I.R.C.A. S.P.A. Industria Resistenze Corazzate E Affini | Device and method for purifying exhaust gas from endothermic engines |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1998887A2 (en) | 2008-12-10 |
WO2007107544A3 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
ITVE20060014A1 (en) | 2007-09-22 |
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